WO2012025215A1 - Codes de golomb adaptatifs pour coder des coefficients de filtre - Google Patents

Codes de golomb adaptatifs pour coder des coefficients de filtre Download PDF

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WO2012025215A1
WO2012025215A1 PCT/EP2011/004214 EP2011004214W WO2012025215A1 WO 2012025215 A1 WO2012025215 A1 WO 2012025215A1 EP 2011004214 W EP2011004214 W EP 2011004214W WO 2012025215 A1 WO2012025215 A1 WO 2012025215A1
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filter
code
coefficients
coding
video
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PCT/EP2011/004214
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Matthias Narroschke
Virginie Drugeon
Semih Esenlik
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Panasonic Corporation
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
    • H03M7/60—General implementation details not specific to a particular type of compression
    • H03M7/6064—Selection of Compressor
    • H03M7/6076—Selection between compressors of the same type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
    • H03M7/40—Conversion to or from variable length codes, e.g. Shannon-Fano code, Huffman code, Morse code
    • H03M7/4031—Fixed length to variable length coding
    • H03M7/4037—Prefix coding
    • H03M7/4043—Adaptive prefix coding
    • H03M7/4068—Parameterized codes
    • H03M7/4075—Golomb codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/117—Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
    • H04N19/159—Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/189—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/196—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding being specially adapted for the computation of encoding parameters, e.g. by averaging previously computed encoding parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
    • H04N19/463—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process by compressing encoding parameters before transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/80—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation
    • H04N19/82—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a picture encoding/decoding method, apparatus and a program for executing these methods in software.
  • the present invention relates to a method for adaptive coding of filter coefficients of systems of adaptive filters.
  • Hybrid video coding methods typically combine several different lossless and lossy compression schemes in order to achieve the desired compression gain.
  • Hybrid video coding is also the basis for ITU-T standards (H.26x standards such as H.261 , H.263) as well as ISO/IEC standards (MPEG-X standards such as MPEG-1 , MPEG-2, and MPEG-4).
  • ITU-T standards H.26x standards such as H.261 , H.263
  • ISO/IEC standards MPEG-X standards such as MPEG-1 , MPEG-2, and MPEG-4.
  • AVC H.264/MPEG-4 advanced video coding
  • JVT joint video team
  • ISO/IEC MPEG groups ISO/IEC MPEG groups.
  • JCT-VC Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding
  • HEVC High-Efficiency Video Coding
  • a video signal input to an encoder is a sequence of images called frames, each frame being a two-dimensional matrix of pixels.
  • All the above-mentioned standards based on hybrid video coding include subdividing each individual video frame into smaller blocks consisting of a plurality of pixels.
  • the size of the blocks may vary, for instance, in accordance with the content of the image.
  • the way of coding may be typically varied on a per block basis.
  • the largest possible size for such a block, for instance in HEVC, is 64 x 64 pixels. It is then called the largest coding unit (LCU).
  • a macroblock (usually denoting a block of 16 x 16 pixels) was the basic image element, for which the encoding is performed, with a possibility to further divide it in smaller subblocks to which some of the coding/decoding steps were applied.
  • the encoding steps of a hybrid video coding include a spatial and/or a temporal prediction. Accordingly, each block to be encoded is first predicted using either the blocks in its spatial neighborhood or blocks from its temporal neighborhood, i.e. from previously encoded video frames. A block of differences between the block to be encoded and its prediction, also called block of prediction residuals, is then calculated.
  • Another encoding step is a transformation of a block of residuals from the spatial (pixel) domain into a frequency domain. The transformation aims at reducing the correlation of the input block.
  • Further encoding step is quantization of the transform coefficients. In this step the actual lossy (irreversible) compression takes place.
  • the compressed transform coefficient values are further compacted (losslessly compressed) by means of an entropy coding.
  • side information necessary for reconstruction of the encoded video signal is encoded and provided together with the encoded video signal. This is for example information about the spatial and/or temporal prediction, amount of quantization, etc.
  • Figure 1 is an example of a typical H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and/or HEVC video encoder 100.
  • a subtractor 105 first determines differences e between a current block to be encoded of an input video image (input signal s) and a corresponding prediction block s, which is used as a prediction of the current block to be encoded.
  • the prediction signal may be obtained by a temporal or by a spatial prediction 180.
  • the type of prediction can be varied on a per frame basis or on a per block basis. Blocks and/or frames predicted using temporal prediction are called “inter"-encoded and blocks and/or frames predicted using spatial prediction are called "intra"-encoded.
  • Prediction signal using temporal prediction is derived from the previously encoded images, which are stored in a memory.
  • the prediction signal using spatial prediction is derived from the values of boundary pixels in the neighboring blocks, which have been previously encoded, decoded, and stored in the memory.
  • the difference e between the input signal and the prediction signal, denoted prediction error or residual, is transformed 1 10 resulting in coefficients, which are quantized 120.
  • Entropy encoder 190 is then applied to the quantized coefficients in order to further reduce the amount of data to be stored and/or transmitted in a lossless way. This is mainly achieved by applying a code with code words of variable length wherein the length of a code word is chosen based on the probability of its occurrence.
  • a decoding unit is incorporated for obtaining a decoded (reconstructed) video signal s'.
  • the decoding steps include dequantization and inverse transformation 130.
  • the so obtained prediction error signal e' differs from the original prediction error signal due to the quantization error, called also quantization noise.
  • a reconstructed image signal s' is then obtained by adding 140 the decoded prediction error signal e' to the prediction signal s.
  • the prediction signal s is obtained based on the encoded and subsequently decoded video signal which is known at both sides the encoder and the decoder.
  • a deblocking filter 150 is applied to every reconstructed image block.
  • the deblocking filter is applied to the reconstructed signal s'.
  • the deblocking filter of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC has the capability of local adaptation.
  • a strong (narrow-band) low pass filter is applied, whereas for a low degree of blocking noise, a weaker (broad-band) low pass filter is applied.
  • the strength of the low pass filter is determined by the prediction signal s and by the quantized prediction error signal e'.
  • Deblocking filter generally smoothes the block edges leading to an improved subjective quality of the decoded images. Moreover, since the filtered part of an image is used for the motion compensated prediction of further images, the filtering also reduces the prediction errors, and thus enables improvement of coding efficiency.
  • a sample adaptive offset (not shown in the figure) and/or adaptive loop filter 160 may be applied to the image including the already deblocked signal s".
  • the deblocking filter improves the subjective quality
  • sample adaptive offset (SAO) and ALF aim at improving the pixel-wise fidelity ("objective" quality).
  • SAO adds an offset in accordance with the immediate neighbourhood of a pixel.
  • the adaptive loop filter (ALF) is used to compensate image distortion caused by the compression.
  • the adaptive loop filter is a Wiener filter with filter coefficients determined such that the mean square error (MSE) between the reconstructed s' and source images s is minimized.
  • MSE mean square error
  • the coefficients of ALF may be calculated and transmitted on a frame basis.
  • ALF can be applied to the entire frame (image of the video sequence) or to local areas (blocks).
  • An additional side information indicating which areas are to be filtered may be transmitted (block-based, frame-based or quadtree- based).
  • the ALF may be a three-input Wiener filter, which takes into account separately the prediction signal, the prediction error signal and the reconstructed signal.
  • inter-encoded blocks require also storing the previously encoded and subsequently decoded portions of image(s) in the reference frame buffer 170.
  • An inter-encoded block is predicted 180 by employing motion compensated prediction.
  • a best-matching block is found for the current block within the previously encoded and decoded video frames by a motion estimator.
  • the best-matching block then becomes a prediction signal and the relative displacement (motion) between the current block and its best match is then signalized as motion data in the form of three-dimensional motion vectors within the side information provided together with the encoded video data.
  • the three dimensions consist of two spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension.
  • motion vectors may be determined with a spatial sub-pixel resolution e.g.
  • a motion vector with spatial sub-pixel resolution may point to a spatial position within an already decoded frame where no real pixel value is available, i.e. a sub-pixel position.
  • spatial interpolation of such pixel values is needed in order to perform motion compensated prediction. This may be achieved by an interpolation filter (in Figure 1 integrated within Prediction block 180).
  • the differences e between the current input signal and the prediction signal are transformed 110 and quantized 120, resulting in the quantized coefficients.
  • an orthogonal transformation such as a two-dimensional discrete cosine transformation (DCT) or an integer version thereof is employed since it reduces the correlation of the natural video images efficiently.
  • DCT discrete cosine transformation
  • the two-dimensional matrix of quantized coefficients is converted into a one-dimensional array.
  • this conversion is performed by a so-called zig-zag scanning, which starts with the DC-coefficient in the upper left corner of the two- dimensional array and scans the two-dimensional array in a predetermined sequence ending with an AC coefficient in the lower right corner.
  • the zig-zag scanning results in an array where usually the last values are zero. This allows for efficient encoding using run-length codes as a part of/before the actual entropy coding.
  • the H.264/MPEG-4 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC as well as HEVC includes two functional layers, a Video Coding Layer (VCL) and a Network Abstraction Layer (NAL).
  • VCL Video Coding Layer
  • NAL Network Abstraction Layer
  • the VCL provides the encoding functionality as briefly described above.
  • the NAL encapsulates information elements into standardized units called NAL units according to their further application such as transmission over a channel or storing in storage.
  • the information elements are, for instance, the encoded prediction error signal or other information necessary for the decoding of the video signal such as type of prediction, quantization parameter, motion vectors, etc.
  • VCL NAL units containing the compressed video data and the related information, as well as non- VCL units encapsulating additional data such as parameter set relating to an entire video sequence, or a Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) providing additional information that can be used to improve the decoding performance.
  • SEI Supplemental Enhancement Information
  • Figure 2 illustrates an example decoder 200 according to the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC or HEVC video coding standard.
  • the encoded video signal (input signal to the decoder) first passes to entropy decoder 290, which decodes the quantized coefficients, the information elements necessary for decoding such as motion data, mode of prediction etc.
  • the quantized coefficients are inversely scanned in order to obtain a two-dimensional matrix, which is then fed to inverse quantization and inverse transformation 230.
  • a decoded (quantized) prediction error signal e' is obtained, which corresponds to the differences obtained by subtracting the prediction signal from the signal input to the encoder in the case no quantization noise is introduced and no error occurred.
  • the prediction signal is obtained from either a temporal or a spatial prediction 280.
  • the decoded information elements usually further include the information necessary for the prediction such as prediction type in the case of intra-prediction and motion data in the case of motion compensated prediction.
  • the quantized prediction error signal in the spatial domain is then added with an adder 240 to the prediction signal obtained either from the motion compensated prediction or intra-frame prediction 280.
  • the reconstructed image s' may be passed through a deblocking filter 250, sample adaptive offset processing 255, and an adaptive loop filter 260 and the resulting decoded signal is stored in the memory to be applied for temporal or spatial prediction of the following blocks/images.
  • the coefficients and/or other information 165 for determining the filter coefficients is encoded 190 at the encoder 100.
  • the filter coefficients and/or other information 265 for determining the filter coefficients is separated from the encoded bitstream, decoded 290 and provided to the adaptive filter 260.
  • the prior art mainly utilizes variable length codes such as integer codes. Since the filter information is included in the bitstream, it is advantageous to code it as efficient as possible in order to reduce the overall bitrate necessary for storing/transmitting the coded picture and/or video signal.
  • variable length codes depends on the statistics of the coded source symbols such as the filter coefficients, or other information for determining the filter (filter order, symmetry features, statistic features, etc.).
  • the code for coding the filter coefficient is selected based on the characteristics of the image signal and/or the characteristics of the filter.
  • a method for coding the coefficients of a filter system for filtering an image signal, the filter system including more than one filter, the method comprising: selecting filter coefficients for a filter to filter an image signal, selecting an individual code out of several available codes for the coding of the filter coefficients based on features of the image to be filtered and/or on the features of the filter, coding the filter coefficients with the selected code.
  • a method for decoding the coefficients of a filter system for filtering an image signal comprising: determining features of the image signal and/or on the features of the filter, selecting an individual code out of several available codes for the decoding of the filter coefficients based on the features of the image signal and/or on the features of the filter, decoding the filter coefficients with the selected code.
  • an apparatus for coding the coefficients of a filter system for filtering an image signal comprising: a filter design unit for selecting filter coefficients for a filter to filter an image signal, a code selection unit for selecting an individual code out of several available codes for the coding of the filter coefficients based on features of the image signal and/or on the features of the filter, a coding unit for coding the filter coefficients with the selected code.
  • an apparatus for decoding the coefficients of a filter system for filtering an image signal comprising: an extracting unit for determining features of the image signal and/or on the features of the filter, a code selection unit for selecting an individual code out of several available codes for the decoding of the filter coefficients based on the features of the image signal and/or on the features of the filter, and a decoding unit fot decoding the filter coefficients with the selected code.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a video encoder
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a video decoder
  • Figure 4 is a flow diagram showing an example encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a flow diagram showing an example decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a flow diagram showing an example code selection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a flow diagram showing an example code selection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 illustrates equations which may be employed to derive coefficients of an adaptive denoising filter
  • Figure 9 illustrates equations which may be employed for filtering the image signal
  • Figure 10 illustrates equations which may be employed for normalization and clipping of the filtered signal
  • Figure 11 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention utilizing the number of categories and filter size for decision on the coding approach for coding the filter coefficients
  • Figure 12 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention utilizing the number of categories and filter size for decision on the coding approach for decoding the filter coefficients
  • Figure 13 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention utilizing the number of categories for decision on the coding approach for coding the filter coefficients;
  • Figure 14 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention utilizing the number of categories for decision on the coding approach for decoding the filter coefficients
  • Figure 15 is a block diagram illustrating a transmission and/or storage system for implementing the present implementation
  • Figure 16 is a schematic drawing illustrating an overall configuration of a content providing system for implementing content distribution services
  • Figure 17 is a schematic drawing illustrating an overall configuration of a digital broadcasting system
  • Figure 18 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a television
  • Figure 19 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of an information reproducing/recording unit that reads and writes information from or on a recording medium that is an optical disk;
  • Figure 20 is a schematic drawing showing an example of a configuration of a recording medium that is an optical disk
  • Figure 21 A is a schematic drawing illustrating an example of a cellular phone
  • Figure 21 B is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of the cellular phone
  • Figure 22 is a schematic drawing showing a structure of multiplexed data
  • Figure 23 is a drawing schematically illustrating how each of the streams is multiplexed in multiplexed data
  • Figure 34A is a schematic drawing showing an example of a configuration for sharing a module of a signal processing unit
  • Figure 34B is a schematic drawing showing another example of a configuration for sharing a module of a signal processing unit.
  • the present invention will be explained in more details based on H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and/or H.265. Thus, also the terminology employed will be related to these particular video coding technologies. However, it is noted that the present invention is not limited to such a use and may be employed to any image or video coding methods which include filtering by an adaptive filter for which the filter information is embedded into the bitstream of the coded images and/or transmitted/stored in another way.
  • Standardized hybrid video coders e.g. H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
  • a prediction signal s is subtracted resulting in the prediction error signal e .
  • the prediction error e is transformed into the frequency domain using a DCT or a similar transform, e.g. an integer DCT or a Karhunen-Loeve Transformation (KLT). Any other transform may also be used.
  • the resulting coefficients c are quantized resulting in quantized coefficients c . These are entropy coded and transmitted.
  • the quantized coefficients c' are inverse transformed.
  • the resulting quantized prediction error samples e are added to the prediction for reconstruction. This reconstructed signal is denoted as *' .
  • JCTVC-A1 Video coding technology proposal by France Telecom, NTT, NTT DoCoMo, Panasonic and Technicolor", Contribution to JCT-VC meeting Dresden, April 2010, it is beneficial to apply a system of three adaptive filters to reconstruct a signal s .
  • This system of three adaptive filters is also denoted as 3-lnput-Wiener-Filter or Three-lnput-Wiener-Filter.
  • the basic operation of a 3-lnput-Wiener-Filter can be described by the following formula: ⁇ ,-l M-l N-l
  • a first filter with the filter coefficients c operates on the quantized prediction error samples
  • a second filter with the coefficients c m operates on the samples of the deblocked signal s m "
  • a third filter with the coefficients c garbage operates on the samples of the prediction signal s n .
  • the corresponding filter coefficients are c c m andccountry.
  • This system of three adaptive filters may be included in the hybrid encoder shown in Fig. 1 and, correspondingly, in the hybrid decoder in Fig. 2.
  • the filter coefficients c l , c m , c n are quantized, coded and transmitted to the decoder.
  • the quantization step sizes may be individual for each of the coefficients c, , c m , c n .
  • the quantization step sizes are denoted asA L , A M , A N .
  • a L is the step size used to quantize the coefficients c l ,
  • a M is the step size used to quantize the coefficients c m and
  • a Golomb code can be generally adjusted by the parameter m, see also Fig. 3.
  • the associated parameter m is coded and transmitted.
  • the filter coefficients are grouped in several groups. The association of a filter coefficient to a group is performed dependent on the filter size. For each of the groups, an individual parameter m is coded and transmitted. With this parameter, the Golomb code is adjusted to the statistics of the coefficients of the group.
  • the number of groups depends on the filter size of the filter for the reconstructed signal.
  • the samples are categorized in one or several categories. In this application, the number of categories is denoted as ⁇ .
  • the number of categories ⁇ is generally coded and transmitted to the receiver.
  • the categorization is performed according to the spatial position and according to the value var(i,j) of the so called "sum- modified Laplacian" measure.
  • i and j represent spatial positions and R the video signal, for which the sum-modified Laplacian is calculated. Further details can be found in prior arts 3.
  • individual filters are applied. E.g., if a category is denoted as ⁇ , the filtering operations would be in the case of a 3-lnput-Filter:
  • the total number of coefficients is ⁇ (L + M + N + ⁇ ) .
  • the samples of each category ⁇ are filtered with their individual filter coefficients c, ⁇ , c m (p , c n (p . Beside the categorization by the
  • any other categorization could be used, e.g. a categorization according to the spatial or temporal position of a sample or according to any other feature.
  • the statistics of the coefficients for the reconstructed signal differ from the statistics of the coefficients for the prediction signal and from the statistics of the coefficients for the quantized prediction error signal.
  • the coefficients for the reconstructed signal, for the prediction signal and for the quantized prediction error signal are coded with the same Golomb code. This limits the coding efficiency.
  • the coding of the Golomb is controlled.
  • the present invention in particular an embodiment thereof, discloses an efficient scheme to adapt the Golomb codes for the coding of the filter coefficients of the 3-lnput-Wiener-Filter which overcomes the above mentioned problems.
  • the use of individual Golomb codes for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal is enabled based on already coded filter information which is used to decide whether it is efficient to use and code individual Golomb code parameters or not.
  • the following filter information is used preferably:
  • the invention is not limited to the use of this information.
  • Other information such as the width or the height of images to be coded can also be used, or the bit depth of images to be coded.
  • the following is assumed:
  • the remaining parameters have similar impact and may also be used as a criteria to decide about the application and/or type of the applied code. For instance, l-coded frames/slices/blocks are typically bigger than P- and B. In particular, B-coded image regions are typically rather small so that transmission of further information such as filter information could reduce the coding efficiency. Therefore, it may be efficient to adjust Golomb coding for I coded regions and not to adjust it for the B (and/or P) regions.
  • the size of image or coded region has similar effect. For very small regions/images extra adjustment of the Golomb coding may reduce the overall coding efficiency.
  • Profiles of the encoding may reflect the image input sizes, coding type and application. Therefore, they also implicitly include the above coding parameter and may thus be used to decide on extra encoding of the filter information in a corresponding way.
  • the image encoding and decoding apparatus consists of a block- based hybrid encoder and decoder according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 including the use of individual Golomb codes for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal. Furthermore, individual quantization step sizes are used for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal. Furthermore, individual filter lengths are used for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal.
  • the use of adaptive Golomb codes is enabled based on the filter lengths and based on the quantization step sizes. It may also be based on other information as listed above, such as the quantization parameter QP. For this purpose, any function of the filter lengths and quantization step sizes in combination with threshold operations can be applied. Examples are listed below:
  • adaptive Golomb parameters are coded, otherwise predefined Golomb parameters are used.
  • the thresholds ⁇ and ⁇ may be fixed or coded in the bitstream. They may also dependent on other information such as the quantization parameter QP.
  • adaptive Golomb parameters are coded, otherwise predefined Golomb parameters are used.
  • the thresholds ⁇ and ⁇ may be fixed or coded in the bitstream. They may also dependent on other information such as the quantization parameter QP.
  • adaptive Golomb parameters are coded, otherwise predefined Golomb parameters are used.
  • the thresholds ⁇ and ⁇ may be fixed or coded in the bitstream. They may also dependent on other information such as the quantization parameter QP.
  • FIG. 4. An exemplary flow chart for the encoder according to this embodiment is shown in Fig. 4., the corresponding flow chart for the decoder is shown in Fig. 5.
  • the selection of the Golomb parameter can be performed by choosing the one resulting in the minimum bit rate.
  • the image encoding and decoding apparatus consists of a block-based hybrid encoder and decoder according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 including the use of individual Golomb codes for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal. Furthermore, individual quantization step sizes are used for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal. Furthermore, individual filter lengths are used for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal.
  • the use of adaptive Golomb codes for the coding of the coefficients for the reconstructed signal is enabled based on a first function of the filter lengths and quantization step sizes in combination with threshold operations.
  • the use of adaptive Golomb codes for the coding of the coefficients for the prediction signal is enabled based on a second function of the filter lengths and quantization step sizes in combination with threshold operations.
  • the second function may differ from the first function.
  • the use of adaptive Golomb codes for the coding of the coefficients for the quantized prediction error signal is enabled based on a third function of the filter lengths and quantization step sizes in combination with threshold operations.
  • the third function may differ from the first and second functions.
  • the filter is selected for filtering an image.
  • the filter is specified by its size (number of coefficients and the coefficients.
  • the size of the filter is evaluated 410 by comparing it (or its function) to a predetermined threshold.
  • a predefined (default) Golomb code parameter is selected 430 and the corresponding Golomb code with this parameter is used 440 to encode the filter coefficients.
  • the quantization step size is evaluated 450.
  • the quantization step size or its function is compared to a predetermined threshold. If the quantization step size is smaller than the threshold, the Golomb code parameter is determined and coded 460.
  • the filter coefficients are coded 470 wit the Golomb code with the determined parameter.
  • a predefined Golomb code is selected 480 and the coefficients are encoded 490 therewith.
  • Figure 5 shows the determining of the coding type for decoding the filter coefficients, which correspond to the determining at the encoder side as described above.
  • the filter size evaluation 510 corresponds to the step 410 of Figure 4.
  • the selection of a predefined Golomb code 530 and its employment (for decoding) 540 correspond to the steps 430 and 440 (for encoding) of Figure 4.
  • the selection of another predefined Golomb code 580 and its usage 590 (for decoding) correspond to the steps 480 and 490 (for encoding) in Figure 4.
  • the Golomb code parameter is extracted and decoded 560 from the bitstream.
  • the decoded Golomb code parameter is used to define the Golomb code which is then used to decode 570 the filter coefficients.
  • the image encoding and decoding apparatus consists of a block-based hybrid encoder and decoder according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 including the use of individual Golomb codes for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal. Furthermore, individual quantization step sizes are used for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal. Furthermore, individual filter lengths are used for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal.
  • the use of adaptive Golomb codes is enabled based on the filter lengths and based on the quantization step sizes. This embodiment provides an example for syntax, semantics, and decoding process. An example syntax for including the Golomb code parameter is illustrated below.
  • Semantic filter_hint_size_rec Specifies the size of the filter coefficient array for the decoded signal.
  • filter_hint_size_pred Specifies the size of the filter coefficient array for the prediction signal.
  • filter_hint_size_qpe Specifies the size of the filter coefficient array for the quantized prediction error signal.
  • filter_precision[c] Specifies the precision of the adaptive denoising filter information.
  • filter_hint_rec[c][cy][cx] specifies an element of the filter coefficient matrix for the decoded signal.
  • filter_hint_pred[c][cy][cx] specifies an element of the filter coefficient matrix for the prediction signal.
  • cy represents a counter in vertical direction
  • cx represents a counter in horizontal direction.
  • filter_hint_qpe[c][cy][cx] specifies an element of the filter coefficient matrix for the quantized prediction error signal.
  • cy represents a counter in vertical direction
  • cx represents a counter in horizontal direction.
  • filter_hint_offset[c] Specifies on offset value.
  • golomb_enable[c] Specifies if an adaptive Golomb code can be used or not.
  • golomb_rec[c] Specifies the parameter m to set the Golomb code used to decode the coefficients for the reconstructed signal according to Fig.
  • golomb_pred[c] Specifies the parameter m to set the Golomb code used to decode the coefficients for the prediction signal according to Fig. 3
  • golomb_qpe[c] Specifies the parameter m to set the Golomb code used to decode the coefficients for the quantized prediction error signal according to Fig. 3
  • the syntax element filter_precision[c] specifies the precision LDF_Precision[c] according to the following table.
  • the coefficients of the adaptive denoising filter may be derived as shown in the equations in Fig. 8.
  • a first filtering step is performed as shown in the equations in Fig. 9.
  • a normalization and clipping step is performed subsequently as shown in Fig. 10.
  • filtered_image[c] is the color component c after the adaptive denoising filtering process
  • decoded_image[c] is the color component c of the decode image
  • pred_image is the color component c of the prediction image
  • qpe_image the color component c of the quantized prediction error image.
  • the image encoding apparatus comprises an encoder that determines a Golomb parameter for the coding of filter coefficients by minimization of the overall bit rate of
  • step 610 for each possible Golomb parameter, the overall bit rate required to code the Golomb parameter and the filter coefficients are measured. Then in step 620, the Golomb parameter which leads to the minimum overall bit rate is selected. The selected parameter is then employed for coding the filter coefficients.
  • the image encoding apparatus comprises an encoder that determines a Golomb parameter for the coding of filter coefficients by minimization of the bit rate required to code the coefficients.
  • step 710 for each possible Golomb parameter, the overall bit rate required to code the filter coefficients is measured. Accordingly, in step 720, the Golomb parameter which leads to the minimum overall bit rate is selected. The selected parameter is then employed for coding the filter coefficients.
  • the image encoding and decoding apparatus consists of a block-based hybrid encoder and decoder according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 possibly including the use of individual Golomb codes for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal. Furthermore, individual quantization step sizes are used for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal. Furthermore, individual filter lengths are used for each of the filter coefficients for the reconstructed signal, the prediction signal, and the quantized prediction error signal.
  • the samples are categorized in several categories. For each category, individual filter coefficients may be selected and used.
  • the use of adaptive Golomb codes is enabled based on the number of coefficients to be coded. For this purpose, any function in combination with threshold operations could be applied. Examples are listed below:
  • the threshold ⁇ may be fixed or coded in the bitstream. They may also dependent on other information such as the quantization parameter QP.
  • the threshold ⁇ may be fixed or coded in the bitstream. They may also dependent on other information such as the quantization parameter QP.
  • the threshold ⁇ may be fixed or coded in the bitstream. They may also dependent on other information such as the quantization parameter QP.
  • the threshold ⁇ may be fixed or coded in the bitstream. They may also dependent on other information such as the quantization parameter QP.
  • each category p has individual filter sizes L p ,M p , N p , it is possible to perform the code selection individually for each category.
  • FIG. 11 shows in step 1110 an evaluation of the number of categories and/or the corresponding filter sizes.
  • a function based on one or both of these parameters is smaller than a predetermined threshold, a predefined Golomb code is selected 1120 and applied for coding 1130 the filter coefficients.
  • the Golomb code parameter is determined (selected) and coded into the bitstream 1140. The corresponding determined Golomb code is used to code 1 150 the filter coefficients.
  • step 1210 an evaluation of the number of categories and/or the corresponding filter sizes.
  • a function based on one or both of these parameters is smaller than a predetermined threshold, a predefined Golomb code is selected 1220 and applied for coding 1230 the filter coefficients.
  • the Golomb code parameter is determined, namely extracted from the stream 1 140. The corresponding determined Golomb code is used to decode 1250 the filter coefficients.
  • Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 show flow charts for further options still in accordance with the present invention, for the encoder and decoder. It is a special case of the encoding and decoding of the respective Figures 1 1 and 12, according to which the number of categories (or its function) without considering the size of filter is used to decide about coding or not the Golomb code parameters. The selection of the Golomb parameter can be performed by choosing the one resulting in the minimum bit rate.
  • the code used to code the coefficients is not necessarily a Golomb code. Any other parametric variable length code may be used as well such as Elias codes, or entropy codes with various probability models may be selected. The idea is to select a code which is more suitable to code the coefficients with a particular distributions.
  • the present invention provided a method for coding the coefficients of a filter system for filtering an image signal.
  • the method comprises selecting an individual code out of several available codes for the coding of the filter.
  • the available codes used for the coding of the coefficients may include Golomb codes with different parameter settings (parameter m of Golomb code may vary).
  • the available codes may include predefined codes. Such as particular entropy codes or a Golomb codes with predefined parameter m.
  • the present invention also provides a method for decoding the coefficients of a filter system for filtering an image signal, the filter system including more than one filter, the method comprising: determining features of the image signal and/or on the features of the filter, selecting an individual code out of several available codes for the decoding of the filter coefficients based on the features of the image signal and/or on the features of the filter, decoding the filter coefficients with the selected code.
  • the determining of the features of the image such as quantization para.eter, quantization step, type of coding, etc. may be determined from the parameters extracted from the encoded image signal bitstream or from the previously reconstructed images.
  • the filter characteristics may also be determined bysed on parameters signalled in the bitstream or derived at the decoder compliantly to the encoder basd on the parameters from the stream or on the image signal.
  • the step of selection may include a selection between a predetermined code for which no additional selection information needs to be coded (such as particular Golomb code with predefined m, or any other code), and adaptive codes, for which additional selection information needs to be coded (such as the parameter m).
  • a predetermined code for which no additional selection information needs to be coded such as particular Golomb code with predefined m, or any other code
  • adaptive codes for which additional selection information needs to be coded (such as the parameter m).
  • the selection may be performed based on a mathematical function of the quantization step sizes, of the filter lengths, of the number of categories, size of the image region filtered, type of image coding, and/or of the quantization parameter.
  • a mathematical function of the quantization step sizes, of the filter lengths, of the number of categories, size of the image region filtered, type of image coding, and/or of the quantization parameter may be employed to decide about the codes for the filter coefficients.
  • the number of categories may compared to a threshold and the result of the threshold operation is used for the selection.
  • the categories represent categories which are a result of selection of a certain number of different filters which may be applied to the image signal.
  • the categories may be predefined or determined based on a classification measure such as Laplacian described above or any other approach.
  • the result of a mathematical function of the quantization step sizes, of the filter lengths, of the number of categories, and/or of the quantization parameter is compared to a threshold and the result of the threshold operation is used for the step of selection.
  • the type of prediction may be used to determine the entropy code for coding the obtained filter information (difference signal).
  • a first mathematical function is used to select a code for the coding of coefficients for the reconstructed signal and a second function is used to select a code for the coding of coefficients for another signal.
  • the other mathematical function may include also employment of different subset of the parameters such as quantization step, filter size, number of categories, image size, type of coding, etc.
  • the other signal may be either the prediction signal or the quantized prediction error signal, or both.
  • the predetermined thresholds may be coded and transmitted with the bitstream of the encoded image data.
  • the encoder may further or alternatively select the code based on the bit rate required to code the selected code and the bit rate required to code the coefficients with the selected code.
  • an apparatus for coding the coefficients of a filter system for filtering an image signal comprising: a filter design unit for selecting filter coefficients for a filter to filter an image signal, a code selection unit for selecting an individual code out of several available codes for the coding of the filter coefficients based on features of the image signal and/or on the features of the filter, a coding unit for coding the filter coefficients with the selected code.
  • an apparatus for decoding the coefficients of a filter system for filtering an image signal comprising: an extracting unit for determining features of the image signal and/or on the features of the filter, a code selection unit for selecting an individual code out of several available codes for the decoding of the filter coefficients based on the features of the image signal and/or on the features of the filter, and a decoding unit fot decoding the filter coefficients with the selected code.
  • the apparatus for encoding and decoding of the present invention may be implemented within the entropy coding block 190 and 290 in Figures 1 and 2 respectively.
  • Figure 15 illustrates a generalized example of system for transferring encoded video data from an encoder side to a decoder side in accordance with the present invention.
  • An input video signal is encoded by an encoder 1501 and provided to a channel 1502.
  • the encoder 1501 is an encoder in accordance with any of the embodiments of the present invention as described above.
  • the channel 1502 is either storage or any transmission channel.
  • the storage may be, for instance, any volatile or non-volatile memory, any magnetic or optical medium, a mass- storage, etc.
  • the transmission channel may be formed by physical resources of any transmission system, wireless or wired, fixed or mobile, such as xDSL, ISDN, WLAN, GPRS, UMTS, Internet, or any standardized or proprietary system.
  • the encoder side may also include preprocessing of the input video signal such as format conversion and/or transmitter for transmitting the encoded video signal over the channel 1502 or an application for transferring the encoded video signal into the storage.
  • the encoded video signal is then obtained from the channel 1502 by a decoder 1503.
  • the decoder 1503 is a decoder in accordance with any embodiment of the present invention as described above.
  • the decoder decodes the encoded video signal.
  • the decoder side may further include a receiver for receiving the encoded video signal from a transmission channel, or an application for extracting the encoded video data from the storage, and/or post-processing means for post processing of the decoded video signal, such as format conversion.
  • the processing described in each of embodiments can be simply implemented in an independent computer system, by recording, in a recording medium, a program for implementing the configurations of the video coding method and the video decoding method described in each of embodiments.
  • the recording media may be any recording media as long as the program can be recorded, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magnetic optical disk, an IC card, and a semiconductor memory.
  • Figure 16 illustrates an overall configuration of a content providing system ex100 for implementing content distribution services.
  • the area for providing communication services is divided into cells of desired size, and base stations ex106, ex107, ex108, ex109, and ex110 which are fixed wireless stations are placed in each of the cells.
  • the content providing system ex100 is connected to devices, such as a computer ex1 1 1 , a personal digital assistant (PDA) ex1 12, a camera ex1 13, a cellular phone ex1 14 and a game machine ex1 15, via the Internet ex101 , an Internet service provider ex102, a telephone network ex104, as well as the base stations ex106 to ex1 10, respectively.
  • devices such as a computer ex1 1 1 , a personal digital assistant (PDA) ex1 12, a camera ex1 13, a cellular phone ex1 14 and a game machine ex1 15, via the Internet ex101 , an Internet service provider ex102, a telephone network ex104, as well as the base stations ex106 to ex1 10, respectively.
  • devices such as a computer ex1 1 1 , a personal digital assistant (PDA) ex1 12, a camera ex1 13, a cellular phone ex1 14 and a game machine ex1 15, via the Internet ex101 , an Internet service provider ex102, a telephone network ex104, as well as the base stations ex106 to ex1
  • each device may be directly connected to the telephone network ex104, rather than via the base stations ex106 to ex110 which are the fixed wireless stations.
  • the devices may be interconnected to each other via a short distance wireless communication and others.
  • the camera ex113 such as a digital video camera
  • a camera ex1 16 such as a digital video camera
  • the cellular phone ex1 14 may be the one that meets any of the standards such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and High Speed Packet Access (HSPA).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • W-CDMA Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • HSPA High Speed Packet Access
  • the cellular phone ex1 14 may be a Personal Handyphone System (PHS).
  • PHS Personal Handyphone System
  • a streaming server ex103 is connected to the camera ex113 and others via the telephone network ex104 and the base station ex109, which enables distribution of images of a live show and others.
  • a content for example, video of a music live show
  • the streaming server ex103 carries out stream distribution of the transmitted content data to the clients upon their requests.
  • the clients include the computer ex1 11 , the PDA ex1 12, the camera ex1 13, the cellular phone ex114, and the game machine ex115 that are capable of decoding the above-mentioned coded data.
  • Each of the devices that have received the distributed data decodes and reproduces the coded data.
  • the captured data may be coded by the camera ex113 or the streaming server ex103 that transmits the data, or the coding processes may be shared between the camera ex113 and the streaming server ex103.
  • the distributed data may be decoded by the clients or the streaming server ex103, or the decoding processes may be shared between the clients and the streaming server ex103.
  • the data of the still images and video captured by not only the camera ex1 13 but also the camera ex1 16 may be transmitted to the streaming server ex103 through the computer ex1 1 1.
  • the coding processes may be performed by the camera ex1 16, the computer ex1 1 1 , or the streaming server ex103, or shared among them.
  • the coding and decoding processes may be performed by an LSI ex500 generally included in each of the computer ex11 1 and the devices.
  • the LSI ex500 may be configured of a single chip or a plurality of chips.
  • Software for coding and decoding video may be integrated into some type of a recording medium (such as a CD-ROM, a flexible disk, and a hard disk) that is readable by the computer ex1 11 and others, and the coding and decoding processes may be performed using the software.
  • a recording medium such as a CD-ROM, a flexible disk, and a hard disk
  • the coding and decoding processes may be performed using the software.
  • the image data obtained by the camera may be transmitted.
  • the video data is data coded by the LSI ex500 included in the cellular phone ex1 14.
  • the streaming server ex103 may be composed of servers and computers, and may decentralize data and process the decentralized data, record, or distribute data.
  • the clients may receive and reproduce the coded data in the content providing system ex100.
  • the clients can receive and decode information transmitted by the user, and reproduce the decoded data in real time in the content providing system ex100, so that the user who does not have any particular right and equipment can implement personal broadcasting.
  • a broadcast station ex201 communicates or transmits, via radio waves to a broadcast satellite ex202, multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing audio data and others onto video data.
  • the video data is data coded by the video coding method described in each of embodiments.
  • the broadcast satellite ex202 Upon receipt of the multiplexed data, the broadcast satellite ex202 transmits radio waves for broadcasting. Then, a home-use antenna ex204 with a satellite broadcast reception function receives the radio waves.
  • a device such as a television (receiver) ex300 and a set top box (STB) ex217 decodes the received multiplexed data, and reproduces the decoded data.
  • a device such as a television (receiver) ex300 and a set top box (STB) ex217 decodes the received multiplexed data, and reproduces the decoded data.
  • STB set top box
  • a reader/recorder ex218 (i) reads and decodes the multiplexed data recorded on a recording media ex215, such as a DVD and a BD, or (i) codes video signals in the recording medium ex215, and in some cases, writes data obtained by multiplexing an audio signal on the coded data.
  • the reader/recorder ex218 can include the video decoding apparatus or the video coding apparatus as shown in each of embodiments. In this case, the reproduced video signals are displayed on the monitor ex219, and can be reproduced by another device or system using the recording medium ex215 on which the multiplexed data is recorded.
  • the video decoding apparatus in the set top box ex217 connected to the cable ex203 for a cable television or to the antenna ex204 for satellite and/or terrestrial broadcasting, so as to display the video signals on the monitor ex219 of the television ex300.
  • the video decoding apparatus may be implemented not in the set top box but in the television ex300.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates the television (receiver) ex300 that uses the video coding method and the video decoding method described in each of embodiments.
  • the television ex300 includes: a tuner ex301 that obtains or provides multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing audio data onto video data, through the antenna ex204 or the cable ex203, etc. that receives a broadcast; a modulation/demodulation unit ex302 that demodulates the received multiplexed data or modulates data into multiplexed data to be supplied outside; and a multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex303 that demultiplexes the modulated multiplexed data into video data and audio data, or multiplexes video data and audio data coded by a signal processing unit ex306 into data.
  • the television ex300 further includes: a signal processing unit ex306 including an audio signal processing unit ex304 and a video signal processing unit ex305 that decode audio data and video data and code audio data and video data, respectively; and an output unit ex309 including a speaker ex307 that provides the decoded audio signal, and a display unit ex308 that displays the decoded video signal, such as a display.
  • the television ex300 includes an interface unit ex317 including an operation input unit ex312 that receives an input of a user operation.
  • the television ex300 includes a control unit ex310 that controls overall each constituent element of the television ex300, and a power supply circuit unit ex31 1 that supplies power to each of the elements.
  • the interface unit ex317 may include: a bridge ex313 that is connected to an external device, such as the reader/recorder ex218; a slot unit ex314 for enabling attachment of the recording medium ex216, such as an SD card; a driver ex315 to be connected to an external recording medium, such as a hard disk; and a modem ex316 to be connected to a telephone network.
  • the recording medium ex216 can electrically record information using a non-volatile/volatile semiconductor memory element for storage.
  • the constituent elements of the television ex300 are connected to each other through a synchronous bus.
  • the television ex300 decodes multiplexed data obtained from outside through the antenna ex204 and others and reproduces the decoded data
  • the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex303 demultiplexes the multiplexed data demodulated by the modulation/demodulation unit ex302, under control of the control unit ex310 including a CPU.
  • the audio signal processing unit ex304 decodes the demultiplexed audio data
  • the video signal processing unit ex305 decodes the demultiplexed video data, using the decoding method described in each of embodiments, in the television ex300.
  • the output unit ex309 provides the decoded video signal and audio signal outside, respectively.
  • the signals may be temporarily stored in buffers ex318 and ex319, and others so that the signals are reproduced in synchronization with each other.
  • the television ex300 may read multiplexed data not through a broadcast and others but from the recording media ex215 and ex216, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and a SD card.
  • the recording media ex215 and ex216 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and a SD card.
  • the audio signal processing unit ex304 codes an audio signal
  • the video signal processing unit ex305 codes a video signal, under control of the control unit ex310 using the coding method described in each of embodiments.
  • the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex303 multiplexes the coded video signal and audio signal, and provides the resulting signal outside.
  • the signals may be temporarily stored in the buffers ex320 and ex321 , and others so that the signals are reproduced in synchronization with each other.
  • the buffers ex318, ex319, ex320, and ex321 may be plural as illustrated, or at least one buffer may be shared in the television ex300. Furthermore, data may be stored in a buffer so that the system overflow and underflow may be avoided between the modulation/demodulation unit ex302 and the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex303, for example.
  • the television ex300 may include a configuration for receiving an AV input from a microphone or a camera other than the configuration for obtaining audio and video data from a broadcast or a recording medium, and may code the obtained data.
  • the television ex300 can code, multiplex, and provide outside data in the description, it may be capable of only receiving, decoding, and providing outside data but not the coding, multiplexing, and providing outside data.
  • the reader/recorder ex218 when the reader/recorder ex218 reads or writes multiplexed data from or on a recording medium, one of the television ex300 and the reader/recorder ex218 may decode or code the multiplexed data, and the television ex300 and the reader/recorder ex218 may share the decoding or coding.
  • Figure 19 illustrates a configuration of an information reproducing/recording unit ex400 when data is read or written from or on an optical disk.
  • the information reproducing/recording unit ex400 includes constituent elements ex401 , ex402, ex403, ex404, ex405, ex406, and ex407 to be described hereinafter.
  • the optical head ex401 irradiates a laser spot in a recording surface of the recording medium ex215 that is an optical disk to write information, and detects reflected light from the recording surface of the recording medium ex215 to read the information.
  • the modulation recording unit ex402 electrically drives a semiconductor laser included in the optical head ex401 , and modulates the laser light according to recorded data.
  • the reproduction demodulating unit ex403 amplifies a reproduction signal obtained by electrically detecting the reflected light from the recording surface using a photo detector included in the optical head ex401 , and demodulates the reproduction signal by separating a signal component recorded on the recording medium ex215 to reproduce the necessary information.
  • the buffer ex404 temporarily holds the information to be recorded on the recording medium ex215 and the information reproduced from the recording medium ex215.
  • the disk motor ex405 rotates the recording medium ex215.
  • the servo control unit ex406 moves the optical head ex401 to a predetermined information track while controlling the rotation drive of the disk motor ex405 so as to follow the laser spot.
  • the system control unit ex407 controls overall the information reproducing/recording unit ex400.
  • the reading and writing processes can be implemented by the system control unit ex407 using various information stored in the buffer ex404 and generating and adding new information as necessary, and by the modulation recording unit ex402, the reproduction demodulating unit ex403, and the servo control unit ex406 that record and reproduce information through the optical head ex401 while being operated in a coordinated manner.
  • the system control unit ex407 includes, for example, a microprocessor, and executes processing by causing a computer to execute a program for read and write.
  • Figure 20 illustrates the recording medium ex215 that is the optical disk.
  • the recording medium ex215 On the recording surface of the recording medium ex215, guide grooves are spirally formed, and an information track ex230 records, in advance, address information indicating an absolute position on the disk according to change in a shape of the guide grooves.
  • the address information includes information for determining positions of recording blocks ex231 that are a unit for recording data. Reproducing the information track ex230 and reading the address information in an apparatus that records and reproduces data can lead to determination of the positions of the recording blocks.
  • the recording medium ex215 includes a data recording area ex233, an inner circumference area ex232, and an outer circumference area ex234.
  • the data recording area ex233 is an area for use in recording the user data.
  • the inner circumference area ex232 and the outer circumference area ex234 that are inside and outside of the data recording area ex233, respectively are for specific use except for recording the user data.
  • the information reproducing/recording unit 400 reads and writes coded audio, coded video data, or multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing the coded audio and video data, from and on the data recording area ex233 of the recording medium ex215.
  • optical disk having a layer such as a DVD and a BD
  • the optical disk is not limited to such, and may be an optical disk having a multilayer structure and capable of being recorded on a part other than the surface.
  • the optical disk may have a structure for multidimensional recording/reproduction, such as recording of information using light of colors with different wavelengths in the same portion of the optical disk and for recording information having different layers from various angles.
  • a car ex210 having an antenna ex205 can receive data from the satellite ex202 and others, and reproduce video on a display device such as a car navigation system ex211 set in the car ex210, in the digital broadcasting system ex200.
  • a configuration of the car navigation system ex211 will be a configuration, for example, including a GPS receiving unit from the configuration illustrated in Figure 18. The same will be true for the configuration of the computer ex1 1 1 , the cellular phone ex1 14, and others.
  • FIG. 21 A illustrates the cellular phone ex1 14 that uses the video coding method and the video decoding method described in embodiments.
  • the cellular phone ex1 14 includes: an antenna ex350 for transmitting and receiving radio waves through the base station ex110; a camera unit ex365 capable of capturing moving and still images; and a display unit ex358 such as a liquid crystal display for displaying the data such as decoded video captured by the camera unit ex365 or received by the antenna ex350.
  • the cellular phone ex1 14 further includes: a main body unit including an operation key unit ex366; an audio output unit ex357 such as a speaker for output of audio; an audio input unit ex356 such as a microphone for input of audio; a memory unit ex367 for storing captured video or still pictures, recorded audio, coded or decoded data of the received video, the still pictures, e-mails, or others; and a slot unit ex364 that is an interface unit for a recording medium that stores data in the same manner as the memory unit ex367.
  • a main control unit ex360 designed to control overall each unit of the main body including the display unit ex358 as well as the operation key unit ex366 is connected mutually, via a synchronous bus ex370, to a power supply circuit unit ex361 , an operation input control unit ex362, a video signal processing unit ex355, a camera interface unit ex363, a liquid crystal display (LCD) control unit ex359, a modulation/demodulation unit ex352, a multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353, an audio signal processing unit ex354, the slot unit ex364, and the memory unit ex367.
  • a power supply circuit unit ex361 an operation input control unit ex362
  • a video signal processing unit ex355 a camera interface unit ex363, a liquid crystal display (LCD) control unit ex359
  • a modulation/demodulation unit ex352 a multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353, an audio signal processing unit ex354, the slot unit ex364, and the memory unit ex367.
  • LCD liquid
  • the power supply circuit unit ex361 supplies the respective units with power from a battery pack so as to activate the cell phone ex1 14.
  • the audio signal processing unit ex354 converts the audio signals collected by the audio input unit ex356 in voice conversation mode into digital audio signals under the control of the main control unit ex360 including a CPU, ROM, and RAM. Then, the modulation/demodulation unit ex352 performs spread spectrum processing on the digital audio signals, and the transmitting and receiving unit ex351 performs digital-to-analog conversion and frequency conversion on the data, so as to transmit the resulting data via the antenna ex350.
  • the transmitting and receiving unit ex351 amplifies the data received by the antenna ex350 in voice conversation mode and performs frequency conversion and the analog-to-digital conversion on the data. Then, the modulation/demodulation unit ex352 performs inverse spread spectrum processing on the data, and the audio signal processing unit ex354 converts it into analog audio signals, so as to output them via the audio output unit ex356.
  • the video signal processing unit ex355 compresses and codes video signals supplied from the camera unit ex365 using the video coding method shown in each of embodiments, and transmits the coded video data to the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353.
  • the audio signal processing unit ex354 codes audio signals collected by the audio input unit ex356, and transmits the coded audio data to the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353.
  • the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353 multiplexes the coded video data supplied from the video signal processing unit ex355 and the coded audio data supplied from the audio signal processing unit ex354, using a predetermined method.
  • the modulation/demodulation unit ex352 performs spread spectrum processing on the multiplexed data, and the transmitting and receiving unit ex351 performs digital-to-analog conversion and frequency conversion on the data so as to transmit the resulting data via the antenna ex350.
  • the multiplexing/demultiplexing unit ex353 demultiplexes the multiplexed data into a video data bit stream and an audio data bit stream, and supplies the video signal processing unit ex355 with the coded video data and the audio signal processing unit ex354 with the coded audio data, through the synchronous bus ex370.
  • the video signal processing unit ex355 decodes the video signal using a video decoding method corresponding to the coding method shown in each of embodiments, and then the display unit ex358 displays, for instance, the video and still images included in the video file linked to the Web page via the LCD control unit ex359. Furthermore, the audio signal processing unit ex354 decodes the audio signal, and the audio output unit ex357 provides the audio.
  • a terminal such as the cellular phone ex1 14 probably have 3 types of implementation configurations including not only (i) a transmitting and receiving terminal including both a coding apparatus and a decoding apparatus, but also (ii) a transmitting terminal including only a coding apparatus and (iii) a receiving terminal including only a decoding apparatus.
  • the digital broadcasting system ex200 receives and transmits the multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing audio data onto video data in the description, the multiplexed data may be data obtained by multiplexing not audio data but character data related to video onto video data, and may be not multiplexed data but video data itself.
  • the video coding method and the video decoding method in each of embodiments can be used in any of the devices and systems described.
  • the advantages described in each of embodiments can be obtained.
  • Video data can be generated by switching, as necessary, between (i) the video coding method or the video coding apparatus shown in each of embodiments and (ii) a video coding method or a video coding apparatus in conformity with a different standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG4- AVC, and VC-1.
  • a different standard such as MPEG-2, MPEG4- AVC, and VC-1.
  • multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing audio data and others onto video data has a structure including identification information indicating to which standard the video data conforms.
  • the specific structure of the multiplexed data including the video data generated in the video coding method and by the video coding apparatus shown in each of embodiments will be hereinafter described.
  • the multiplexed data is a digital stream in the MPEG2-Transport Stream format.
  • Figure 22 illustrates a structure of the multiplexed data.
  • the multiplexed data can be obtained by multiplexing at least one of a video stream, an audio stream, a presentation graphics stream (PG), and an interactive graphics stream.
  • the video stream represents primary video and secondary video of a movie
  • the audio stream (IG) represents a primary audio part and a secondary audio part to be mixed with the primary audio part
  • the presentation graphics stream represents subtitles of the movie.
  • the primary video is normal video to be displayed on a screen
  • the secondary video is video to be displayed on a smaller window in the primary video.
  • the interactive graphics stream represents an interactive screen to be generated by arranging the GUI components on a screen.
  • the video stream is coded in the video coding method or by the video coding apparatus shown in each of embodiments, or in a video coding method or by a video coding apparatus in conformity with a conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC- 1.
  • the audio stream is coded in accordance with a standard, such as Dolby-AC-3, Dolby Digital Plus, MLP, DTS, DTS-HD, and linear PCM.
  • Each stream included in the multiplexed data is identified by PID. For example, 0x101 1 is allocated to the video stream to be used for video of a movie, 0x1100 to 0x1 11 F are allocated to the audio streams, 0x1200 to 0x121 F are allocated to the presentation graphics streams, 0x1400 to 0x141 F are allocated to the interactive graphics streams, 0x1 B00 to 0x1 B1 F are allocated to the video streams to be used for secondary video of the movie, and 0x1 AO0 to 0x1 A1 F are allocated to the audio streams to be used for the secondary video to be mixed with the primary audio.
  • Figure 23 schematically illustrates how data is multiplexed.
  • a video stream ex235 composed of video frames and an audio stream ex238 composed of audio frames are transformed into a stream of PES packets ex236 and a stream of PES packets ex239, and further into TS packets ex237 and TS packets ex240, respectively.
  • data of a presentation graphics stream ex241 and data of an interactive graphics stream ex244 are transformed into a stream of PES packets ex242 and a stream of PES packets ex245, and further into TS packets ex243 and TS packets ex246, respectively.
  • These TS packets are multiplexed into a stream to obtain multiplexed data ex247.
  • Figure 24 illustrates how a video stream is stored in a stream of PES packets in more detail.
  • the first bar in Figure 24 shows a video frame stream in a video stream.
  • the second bar shows the stream of PES packets.
  • the video stream is divided into pictures as I pictures, B pictures, and P pictures each of which is a video presentation unit, and the pictures are stored in a payload of each of the PES packets.
  • Each of the PES packets has a PES header, and the PES header stores a Presentation Time-Stamp (PTS) indicating a display time of the picture, and a Decoding Time- Stamp (DTS) indicating a decoding time of the picture.
  • PTS Presentation Time-Stamp
  • DTS Decoding Time- Stamp
  • FIG 25 illustrates a format of TS packets to be finally written on the multiplexed data.
  • Each of the TS packets is a 188-byte fixed length packet including a 4-byte TS header having information, such as a PID for identifying a stream and a 184-byte TS payload for storing data.
  • the PES packets are divided, and stored in the TS payloads, respectively.
  • each of the TS packets is given a 4-byte TP_Extra_Header, thus resulting in 192-byte source packets.
  • the source packets are written on the multiplexed data.
  • the TP_Extra_Header stores information such as an Arrival_Time_Stamp (ATS).
  • ATS Arrival_Time_Stamp
  • the ATS shows a transfer start time at which each of the TS packets is to be transferred to a PID filter.
  • the source packets are arranged in the multiplexed data as shown at the bottom of Figure 25.
  • the numbers incrementing from the head of the multiplexed data are called source packet numbers (SPNs).
  • Each of the TS packets included in the multiplexed data includes not only streams of audio, video, subtitles and others, but also a Program Association Table (PAT), a Program Map Table (PMT), and a Program Clock Reference (PCR).
  • the PAT shows what a PID in a PMT used in the multiplexed data indicates, and a PID of the PAT itself is registered as zero.
  • the PMT stores PIDs of the streams of video, audio, subtitles and others included in the multiplexed data, and attribute information of the streams corresponding to the PIDs.
  • the PMT also has various descriptors relating to the multiplexed data. The descriptors have information such as copy control information showing whether copying of the multiplexed data is permitted or not.
  • the PCR stores STC time information corresponding to an ATS showing when the PCR packet is transferred to a decoder, in order to achieve synchronization between an Arrival Time Clock (ATC) that is a time axis of ATSs, and an System Time Clock (STC) that is a time axis of PTSs and DTSs.
  • ATC Arrival Time Clock
  • STC System Time Clock
  • FIG. 26 illustrates the data structure of the PMT in detail.
  • a PMT header is disposed at the top of the PMT.
  • the PMT header describes the length of data included in the PMT and others.
  • a plurality of descriptors relating to the multiplexed data is disposed after the PMT header. Information such as the copy control information is described in the descriptors.
  • a plurality of pieces of stream information relating to the streams included in the multiplexed data is disposed.
  • Each piece of stream information includes stream descriptors each describing information, such as a stream type for identifying a compression codec of a stream, a stream PID, and stream attribute information (such as a frame rate or an aspect ratio).
  • the stream descriptors are equal in number to the number of streams in the multiplexed data.
  • the multiplexed data When the multiplexed data is recorded on a recording medium and others, it is recorded together with multiplexed data information files.
  • Each of the multiplexed data information files is management information of the multiplexed data as shown in Figure 27.
  • the multiplexed data information files are in one to one correspondence with the multiplexed data, and each of the files includes multiplexed data information, stream attribute information, and an entry map.
  • the multiplexed data includes a system rate, a reproduction start time, and a reproduction end time.
  • the system rate indicates the maximum transfer rate at which a system target decoder to be described later transfers the multiplexed data to a PID filter.
  • the intervals of the ATSs included in the multiplexed data are set to not higher than a system rate.
  • the reproduction start time indicates a PTS in a video frame at the head of the multiplexed data. An interval of one frame is added to a PTS in a video frame at the end of the multiplexed data, and the PTS is set to the reproduction end time.
  • a piece of attribute information is registered in the stream attribute information, for each PID of each stream included in the multiplexed data.
  • Each piece of attribute information has different information depending on whether the corresponding stream is a video stream, an audio stream, a presentation graphics stream, or an interactive graphics stream.
  • Each piece of video stream attribute information carries information including what kind of compression codec is used for compressing the video stream, and the resolution, aspect ratio and frame rate of the pieces of picture data that is included in the video stream.
  • Each piece of audio stream attribute information carries information including what kind of compression codec is used for compressing the audio stream, how many channels are included in the audio stream, which language the audio stream supports, and how high the sampling frequency is.
  • the video stream attribute information and the audio stream attribute information are used for initialization of a decoder before the player plays back the information.
  • the multiplexed data to be used is of a stream type included in the PMT. Furthermore, when the multiplexed data is recorded on a recording medium, the video stream attribute information included in the multiplexed data information is used. More specifically, the video coding method or the video coding apparatus described in each of embodiments includes a step or a unit for allocating unique information indicating video data generated by the video coding method or the video coding apparatus in each of embodiments, to the stream type included in the PMT or the video stream attribute information. With the configuration, the video data generated by the video coding method or the video coding apparatus described in each of embodiments can be distinguished from video data that conforms to another standard.
  • Step 29 illustrates steps of the video decoding method.
  • Step exS100 the stream type included in the PMT or the video stream attribute information is obtained from the multiplexed data.
  • Step exS101 it is determined whether or not the stream type or the video stream attribute information indicates that the multiplexed data is generated by the video coding method or the video coding apparatus in each of embodiments.
  • Step exS102 decoding is performed by the video decoding method in each of embodiments.
  • Step exS103 decoding is performed by a video decoding method in conformity with the conventional standards.
  • the video decoding method or the video decoding apparatus that is described in each of embodiments can perform decoding. Even when multiplexed data that conforms to a different standard, an appropriate decoding method or apparatus can be selected. Thus, it becomes possible to decode information without any error.
  • the video coding method or apparatus, or the video decoding method or apparatus can be used in the devices and systems described above.
  • Each of the video coding method, the video coding apparatus, the video decoding method, and the video decoding apparatus in each of embodiments is typically achieved in the form of an integrated circuit or a Large Scale Integrated (LSI) circuit.
  • LSI Large Scale Integrated
  • Figure 30 illustrates a configuration of the LSI ex500 that is made into one chip.
  • the LSI ex500 includes elements ex501 , ex502, ex503, ex504, ex505, ex506, ex507, ex508, and ex509 to be described below, and the elements are connected to each other through a bus ex510.
  • the power supply circuit unit ex505 is activated by supplying each of the elements with power when the power supply circuit unit ex505 is turned on.
  • the LSI ex500 receives an AV signal from a microphone ex1 17, a camera ex1 13, and others through an AV IO ex509 under control of a control unit ex501 including a CPU ex502, a memory controller ex503, a stream controller ex504, and a driving frequency control unit ex512.
  • the received AV signal is temporarily stored in an external memory ex51 1 , such as an SDRAM.
  • the stored data is segmented into data portions according to the processing amount and speed to be transmitted to a signal processing unit ex507.
  • the signal processing unit ex507 codes an audio signal and/or a video signal.
  • the coding of the video signal is the coding described in each of embodiments.
  • the signal processing unit ex507 sometimes multiplexes the coded audio data and the coded video data, and a stream IO ex506 provides the multiplexed data outside.
  • the provided multiplexed data is transmitted to the base station ex107, or written on the recording media ex215.
  • the data should be temporarily stored in the buffer ex508 so that the data sets are synchronized with each other.
  • the memory ex51 1 is an element outside the LSI ex500, it may be included in the LSI ex500.
  • the buffer ex508 is not limited to one buffer, but may be composed of buffers.
  • the LSI ex500 may be made into one chip or a plurality of chips.
  • the control unit ex510 includes the CPU ex502, the memory controller ex503, the stream controller ex504, the driving frequency control unit ex512, the configuration of the control unit ex510 is not limited to such.
  • the signal processing unit ex507 may further include a CPU. Inclusion of another CPU in the signal processing unit ex507 can improve the processing speed.
  • the CPU ex502 may serve as or be a part of the signal processing unit ex507, and, for example, may include an audio signal processing unit.
  • the control unit ex501 includes the signal processing unit ex507 or the CPU ex502 including a part of the signal processing unit ex507.
  • LSI LSI
  • IC system LSI
  • super LSI ultra LSI depending on the degree of integration
  • ways to achieve integration are not limited to the LSI, and a special circuit or a general purpose processor and so forth can also achieve the integration.
  • Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that can be programmed after manufacturing LSIs or a reconfigurable processor that allows re-configuration of the connection or configuration of an LSI can be used for the same purpose.
  • the processing amount probably increases.
  • the LSI ex500 needs to be set to a driving frequency higher than that of the CPU ex502 to be used when video data in conformity with the conventional standard is decoded.
  • the driving frequency is set higher, there is a problem that the power consumption increases.
  • the video decoding apparatus such as the television ex300 and the LSI ex500 is configured to determine to which standard the video data conforms, and switch between the driving frequencies according to the determined standard.
  • Figure 31 illustrates a configuration ex800.
  • a driving frequency switching unit ex803 sets a driving frequency to a higher driving frequency when video data is generated by the video coding method or the video coding apparatus described in each of embodiments. Then, the driving frequency switching unit ex803 instructs a decoding processing unit ex801 that executes the video decoding method described in each of embodiments to decode the video data.
  • the driving frequency switching unit ex803 sets a driving frequency to a lower driving frequency than that of the video data generated by the video coding method or the video coding apparatus described in each of embodiments. Then, the driving frequency switching unit ex803 instructs the decoding processing unit ex802 that conforms to the conventional standard to decode the video data.
  • the driving frequency switching unit ex803 includes the CPU ex502 and the driving frequency control unit ex512 in Figure 30.
  • each of the decoding processing unit ex801 that executes the video decoding method described in each of embodiments and the decoding processing unit ex802 that conforms to the conventional standard corresponds to the signal processing unit ex507 in Figure 28.
  • the CPU ex502 determines to which standard the video data conforms.
  • the driving frequency control unit ex512 determines a driving frequency based on a signal from the CPU ex502.
  • the signal processing unit ex507 decodes the video data based on the signal from the CPU ex502. For example, the identification information described is probably used for identifying the video data.
  • the identification information is not limited to the one described above but may be any information as long as the information indicates to which standard the video data conforms. For example, when which standard video data conforms to can be determined based on an external signal for determining that the video data is used for a television or a disk, etc., the determination may be made based on such an external signal.
  • the CPU ex502 selects a driving frequency based on, for example, a look-up table in which the standards of the video data are associated with the driving frequencies as shown in Figure 33.
  • the driving frequency can be selected by storing the look-up table in the buffer ex508 and in an internal memory of an LSI, and with reference to the look-up table by the CPU ex502.
  • Step 32 illustrates steps for executing a method.
  • the signal processing unit ex507 obtains identification information from the multiplexed data.
  • the CPU ex502 determines whether or not the video data is generated by the coding method and the coding apparatus described in each of embodiments, based on the identification information.
  • the CPU ex502 transmits a signal for setting the driving frequency to a higher driving frequency to the driving frequency control unit ex512. Then, the driving frequency control unit ex512 sets the driving frequency to the higher driving frequency.
  • Step exS203 when the identification information indicates that the video data conforms to the conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1 , in Step exS203, the CPU ex502 transmits a signal for setting the driving frequency to a lower driving frequency to the driving frequency control unit ex512. Then, the driving frequency control unit ex512 sets the driving frequency to the lower driving frequency than that in the case where the video data is generated by the video coding method and the video coding apparatus described in each of embodiment.
  • the conventional standard such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1
  • the power conservation effect can be improved by changing the voltage to be applied to the LSI ex500 or an apparatus including the LSI ex500.
  • the voltage to be applied to the LSI ex500 or the apparatus including the LSI ex500 is probably set to a voltage lower than that in the case where the driving frequency is set higher.
  • the driving frequency when the processing amount for decoding is larger, the driving frequency may be set higher, and when the processing amount for decoding is smaller, the driving frequency may be set lower as the method for setting the driving frequency.
  • the setting method is not limited to the ones described above.
  • the driving frequency is probably set in reverse order to the setting described above.
  • the method for setting the driving frequency is not limited to the method for setting the driving frequency lower.
  • the identification information indicates that the video data is generated by the video coding method and the video coding apparatus described in each of embodiments
  • the voltage to be applied to the LSI ex500 or the apparatus including the LSI ex500 is probably set higher.
  • the identification information indicates that the video data conforms to the conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1
  • the voltage to be applied to the LSI ex500 or the apparatus including the LSI ex500 is probably set lower.
  • the driving of the CPU ex502 does not probably have to be suspended.
  • the identification information indicates that the video data conforms to the conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1
  • the driving of the CPU ex502 is probably suspended at a given time because the CPU ex502 has extra processing capacity.
  • the identification information indicates that the video data is generated by the video coding method and the video coding apparatus described in each of embodiments, in the case where the CPU ex502 has extra processing capacity, the driving of the CPU ex502 is probably suspended at a given time.
  • the suspending time is probably set shorter than that in the case where when the identification information indicates that the video data conforms to the conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1. Accordingly, the power conservation effect can be improved by switching between the driving frequencies in accordance with the standard to which the video data conforms. Furthermore, when the LSI ex500 or the apparatus including the LSI ex500 is driven using a battery, the battery life can be extended with the power conservation effect.
  • the decoding processing unit for implementing the video decoding method described in each of embodiments and the decoding processing unit that conforms to the conventional standard, such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1 are partly shared.
  • Ex900 in Figure 34A shows an example of the configuration.
  • the video decoding method described in each of embodiments and the video decoding method that conforms to MPEG4-AVC have, partly in common, the details of processing, such as entropy coding, inverse quantization, deblocking filtering, and motion compensated prediction.
  • the details of processing to be shared probably includes use of a decoding processing unit ex902 that conforms to MPEG4-AVC.
  • a dedicated decoding processing unit ex901 is probably used for other processing unique to the present invention. Since the present invention is characterized by application of filtering in a selected order, for example, the dedicated decoding processing unit ex901 is used for filtering. Otherwise, the decoding processing unit is probably shared for one of the entropy decoding, inverse quantization, spatial or motion compensated prediction, or all of the processing.
  • the decoding processing unit for implementing the video decoding method described in each of embodiments may be shared for the processing to be shared, and a dedicated decoding processing unit may be used for processing unique to that of MPEG4-AVC.
  • ex1000 in Figure 34B shows another example in that processing is partly shared.
  • This example uses a configuration including a dedicated decoding processing unit ex1001 that supports the processing unique to the present invention, a dedicated decoding processing unit ex1002 that supports the processing unique to another conventional standard, and a decoding processing unit ex1003 that supports processing to be shared between the video decoding method in the present invention and the conventional video decoding method.
  • the dedicated decoding processing units ex1001 and ex1002 are not necessarily specialized for the processing of the present invention and the processing of the conventional standard, respectively, and may be the ones capable of implementing general processing.
  • the configuration can be implemented by the LSI ex500.
  • the present invention relates to filtering of the image and/or video signals.
  • adaptive filtering is applied and the coefficients of the corresponding filter are embedded into the image/video bitstream.
  • the filter coefficients are coded with a code, which is selected from a plurality of available codes based on the features of the image/video signal and/or on the features of the filter to be applied.
  • a code available for coding the coefficients may be a variable length code such as Golomb code, which is selected based on the quantization parameter, size of the filter, size of the image, etc.
  • the selection may include selecting a parametric (with further selection of the parameter value) or a predefined code.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne le filtrage de signaux d'image et/ou vidéo. En particulier, un filtrage adaptatif est appliqué et les coefficients du filtre correspondant sont incorporés dans le train de bits d'image/vidéo. Selon la présente invention, les coefficients de filtre sont codés à l'aide d'un code, qui est sélectionné parmi une pluralité de codes disponibles sur la base des caractéristiques du signal d'image/vidéo et/ou des caractéristiques du filtre à appliquer. Par exemple, un code disponible pour coder les coefficients peut être un code à longueur variable tel qu'un code de Golomb, qui est sélectionné sur la base du paramètre de quantification, de la taille du filtre, de la taille de l'image, etc. La sélection peut consister à sélectionner un code paramétrique (comprenant une sélection supplémentaire de la valeur de paramètre) ou un code prédéfini.
PCT/EP2011/004214 2010-08-23 2011-08-22 Codes de golomb adaptatifs pour coder des coefficients de filtre WO2012025215A1 (fr)

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