WO2012024386A1 - Sections de colonnes montantes et procédés pour leur fabrication - Google Patents

Sections de colonnes montantes et procédés pour leur fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012024386A1
WO2012024386A1 PCT/US2011/048066 US2011048066W WO2012024386A1 WO 2012024386 A1 WO2012024386 A1 WO 2012024386A1 US 2011048066 W US2011048066 W US 2011048066W WO 2012024386 A1 WO2012024386 A1 WO 2012024386A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
riser
riser tube
longitudinal axis
region
interior
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/048066
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Douglas J. Waldron
Robert Scott Forrest
Keith Richard Mcternan
Original Assignee
Advanced Joining Technologies, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Advanced Joining Technologies, Inc. filed Critical Advanced Joining Technologies, Inc.
Publication of WO2012024386A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012024386A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/08—Casing joints
    • E21B17/085—Riser connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/14—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water between the surface and the bottom
    • F16L1/15—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water between the surface and the bottom vertically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/02—Welded joints

Definitions

  • Risers are vital to drilling and extracting oil and other materials from below the earth ' s surface.
  • a riser is basically a tube that connects a well head to a control station where extraction, and, frequently, drilling operations are controlled.
  • a riser connects the wellhead at the bottom of the body of water to a platform suspended at the water's surface.
  • the riser protects the drill string that extends from the platform and through the wellhead, by encasing the drill string between the platform and wellhead.
  • the riser also provides a conduit for drilling-mud to flow from the platform to the wellhead, and thus into the well.
  • Drilling-mud helps control the pressure inside the well that would otherwise substantially drop because of the hole drilled into the earth.
  • the riser also provides a conduit for the oil, natural gas, and/or other materials to flow from the wellhead to the platform where the oil, natural gas and/or other materials can be secured for subsequent use.
  • Most risers include a main line and one or more auxiliary lines.
  • the main line encases the drill string as it extends from the platform to the wellhead, and contains the driiSing-mud and/or oil and/or other materials as they flow to and from the wellhead and the control station.
  • the one or more auxiliary lines are typically located adjacent and outside of the main tube, and encase control lines that extend from the platform to the wellhead.
  • the control lines may be hydraulic lines, electrical and/or pneumatic tines that connect systems at the wellhead, such as a blowout preventer (BOP) that can cap the well in an emergency.
  • BOP blowout preventer
  • FIG. 1 shows a portion 10 of a riser that includes five riser sections 12 coupled end-to-end.
  • Each section 12 includes two main tubes 14 coupled end to end, and two flanges 16, each coupled to a respective one of the main tubes 14.
  • Each of the flanges 16 are designed to be mounted to a flange of another section 12 by bolts to form the portion 10 of the riser.
  • riser sections 12 are typically formed by welding two or more of the main tubes 14 (which are typically about 30 feet long each) together, end to end, and then welding the flanges 16 to the remaining two ends of the section 12.
  • the riser tubes 14 are made of a metal, such as aluminum, whose crystalline structure and/or aSioy distribution is altered by the heat generated from the welding process, then welding such tubes can generate a heat affected zone (an example is shown in FiG. 3) that includes the altered crystalline structure and/or altered a!ioy distribution.
  • Such heat affected zones include the weld region and the region immediately adjacent the weld region, and are less resistant to damage from bumps and/or abrasion, which often occurs when the drill string rotates within the riser. Heat affected zones are also less resistant to surface corrosion than the main tube's materia! outside the heat affected zone.
  • a riser section for joining to another riser section to form a drilling riser includes a first riser tube, a second riser tube welded to the first riser tube, a longitudinal axis, and a relief zone that includes material whose microstructure has been altered by heat generated from welding the first riser tube to the second riser tube.
  • the relief zone includes an interior surface disposed a distance away from the riser section's longitudinal axis in a direction perpendicular to the axis that is greater than the distance of a second interior surface adjacent the relief zone's interior surface from the longitudinal axis in a direction perpendicular to the axis.
  • the relief zone's interior surface remains apart from a drill string as the drill string moves inside the riser section.
  • the drill string does not bump and/or abrade the inside surface of the riser section's material whose microstructure has been altered by heat generated from welding the first riser tube to the second riser tube, which helps prevent damage to the riser section.
  • a riser tube for welding to another riser tube to form a riser section of a drilling riser includes a body having a longitudinal axis and a region for welding the riser tube to the other riser tube to form the riser section, and an interior surface disposed adjacent the region for welding the riser tube to the other riser tube.
  • the inter surface includes a first interior region that is disposed a first distance away from the longitudinal axis, and extends from the welding region in a direction along the longitudinal axis to cover material of the riser tube whose microstructure would be altered by heat generated from welding the other riser tube to the welding region.
  • the interior surface also includes a second interior region disposed a second distance away from the longitudinal axis and adjacent the first interior region such that the first interior region lies between the welding region and the second interior region, wherein the first and second distances are distances from the longitudinal axis in a direction perpendicular to the
  • the relief zone formed in the riser section may be formed as the tubes are welded together. This may be desirable to avoid having to access the inside surface of the riser section to machine the inside surface after the tubes are welded together, to form the relief zone.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a conventional riser.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a section of a riser, according to an
  • FIG, 3 is a partial, cross-sectional view of the riser section shown in FIG, 2, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial, cross-sectiona! view of two riser tubes that may be joined to form the riser section shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. S is a partial, cross-sectional view a riser section, according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a section 30 of a riser, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the riser section 30 includes two flanges 32 that may be coupled (here with a nut threaded onto a bolt inserted through a hole 33) to flanges (not shown) of other riser sections (also not shown) to form a drilling riser (not shown but similar to the riser shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • the drilling riser may encase a drill string 34 extending from a drilling platform ⁇ not shown) into a well (also not shown) to protect the drill string 34 as the drill string moves (rotates and/or translates) relative to the well.
  • the drilling riser may also provide a conduit for drilling-mud (not shown) to flow to and from the drilling platform and well.
  • the riser section 30 also includes a body 36 that the flanges 32 are coupled to.
  • the body 36 includes two nser tubes 38 that are welded together at their respective ends 40 to form the body 36, and the flanges 32 are each welded to a respective one of the riser tube's other ends 42.
  • each of the welding locations includes a weld 46 and a heat affected zone 44.
  • the heat affected zone 44 includes the weld 46 and materia! of each of the tubes 38 and each of the flanges 32 whose crystailinity and/or alloy distribution has been adversely affected by the heat from the welding process.
  • the drill string 34 moves within the riser section 30, the drill string bumps and abrades the heat affected zones 44 in body 38 and flanges 32. Because the crystailinity and/or alloy distribution of the riser tube's materia! is altered in the heat affected zones 44, these bumps and abrasions exerted on the heat affected zones 44 can damage the riser tube's body 36.
  • the riser section 30 includes a relief zone located on the inside surface of the riser tubes 38 and flanges 32 at each heat affected zone 44. The relief zone is not shown in FIG. 2 but is shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 and discussed in greater detail in conjunction with each of these figures.
  • the relief zone helps protect the heat affected zones from damage by reducing or eliminating the drill string's ability to contact the heat affected zones 44 as the drill string moves within the riser section 30.
  • the potential for damage to the riser section 30 that can result from bumping and/or abrading a portion of the riser tube's materia! that suffers an adverse change in its crystaliinity and/or ailoy distribution can be mitigated,
  • the body 40 is formed from two riser tubes 36
  • other embodiments of the riser section 30 may include a body 40 formed by welding three or more riser tubes 36 together.
  • FIG, 3 is a partial, cross-sectional view of the riser section 30 shown in FIG. 2, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the riser section 30 (FIG. 2) includes a relief zone 50 that reduces the ability of the drill string 34 to bump and abrade the heat affected zone 44.
  • the relief zone SO is located where the two tubes 38a and 38b are weided together to form the body 36 (FIG, 2).
  • FIG. 3 shows the relief zone 50 located here, in this and other embodiments other relief zones 50 may be located anywhere two or more components of the riser section 30 are welded together such that the resulting heat affected zone 44 is exposed to the drill string 34 (FIG. 2 ⁇ and/or exposed to other components of a drilling/or mineral extraction operation that could bump and/or abrade the heat affected zone 44. Therefore, the discussion of the relief zone 50 shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 may also apply to relief zones 50 located elsewhere in the riser section 30, such as the relief zones 50 where each of the flanges 32 (FIG. 2) are welded to a respective one of the riser tubes 38a and 38b.
  • the two riser tubes 38a and 38b may be welded together using any desired welding technique to form the body 36.
  • the riser tubes 38a and 38b are friction stir welded together using a technique similar to the technique discussed in U.S. Patent 5,813,592 titled FRICTION STIR
  • each riser tube 38a and 38b includes a respective one of the ends 52a and 52b, and each of the ends has a region 54a and 54b, respectively, that are held adjacent each other as a cylinder-shaped tool (not shown) that is harder than the material of the riser tubes 38a and 38b is pressed against the outside surfaces 56a and 50b of the riser tubes 38a and 38b and spun against the surfaces. As the tool spins, the friction between the outside surfaces 56a and 56b and the tool heats the materia!
  • the body 38 that is formed by Joining the two riser tubes 38a and 38b includes a longitudinal axis 58.
  • the relief zone 50 includes an interior surface 60 that extends over the heat affected zone 44 and is located a distance 62 from the longitudinal axis 58 of the body 36 that is longer than the distances 84a and 84b to a respective one of the second interior surfaces 66a and 86b of the body 36 that are adjacent the relief zone 50,
  • the difference between the distance 62 and the distances 64a and 64b may be any desired length that sufficiently offsets the interior surface 60 from the drill string 34 as the drill string moves inside the body 36.
  • the difference in length between the two distances 82 and 64a is 0.090 inches
  • the difference in length between the two distances 62 and 84b is also 0.090 inches.
  • the distance 64 to the second interior surface 66 is measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 58, and in this and other embodiments is nineteen inches.
  • the distance 62 to the interior surface 60 is also measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 58, and in this and other embodiments is 19.090 inches.
  • the relief zone 50 extends over the whole area of the heat affected zone 44 that is exposed to the interior of the body 38, that is, that faces the longitudinal axis 58. Specifically, the relief zone 50 extends three inches aiong the direction of the longitudinal axis 58, and follows the interior periphery of the body 36 where the two ends 52a and 52b are weided together. Furthermore, the difference between the distances 62 and 64 (the offset for the relief zone's interior surface 60) is the same or substantially the same throughout the whole area of the relief zone's interior surface 80. Thus, the relief zone 50 is cylindrically shaped and surrounds a portion of the longitudinal axis 58,
  • the distances 84a and 84b may be different while the difference between the distances 62 and 84a, and 62 and 84b may remain the same, or be different.
  • the relief zone 50 may extend over a portion of the heat affected zone 44. This may be desirable when the portion of the heat affected zone 44 that the relief zone does not cover is not like!y to be bumped or abraded by the drill string 34, and/or when the affect of the reiief zone 50 on the flow of drilling mud, oil, or other fluids within the riser section 30 is worse than the risk of damage to the heat affected zone 44 of the section 30 from the dril string 34.
  • the relief zone 50 may also include a transition region 68 disposed between the interior surface 60 of the relief zone 50 and each of the second interior surfaces 66a and 68b to reduce the stress concentration that occurs when the wall of the riser section's body 36 changes in thickness. Because the body 36 carries much of the weight of all the riser sections below it in the drilling riser, and resists the crushing load of the water and/or earth that surrounds it, the body 36 experiences much stress. To reduce the concentration of the stress that occurs from a sudden change in the amount of material carrying the loads, the transition region 68 reduces the rate at which the thickness changes from the interior surface 60 to the second interior surfaces 66a and 66b.
  • the transition region includes a fillet radius 70 whose length is 0.090 inches, in other embodiments, the fillet radius may be shorter or longer than 0.090 inches. In still other embodiments, the transition region 68 may be any desired contour, such as a straight ramp.
  • the riser section 30 may inciude a surface coating (not shown) applied to the interior surface 60 and transition region 68 of the reiief zone 50 to help protect the heat affected zone 44.
  • the surface coating may be any desired coating that provides the desired protection.
  • the surface coating includes a marine, two-part epoxy paint.
  • the surface coating may inciude thermal-sprayed, commercially pure aluminum, thermal-sprayed zinc containing aluminum, oil-based paint, water based paint, and/or any desired conversion coating.
  • the relief zone 50 may be formed when the two tubes 38a and 38b are welded together, or after the two tubes are welded. If each of the two lubes 38a and 36b includes a profile as discussed in conjunction with FIG, 4, then the reiief zone 50 may be formed when the two profiles are combined during the welding of the tubes 38a and 38b to each other. If, however, one or both of the tubes 38a and 38b do not include a profile as discussed in conjunction with FIG. 4. then the relief zone 50 may be formed by machining the region of the body 36 as desired to form the interior surface 60, after the tubes 38a and 38b are welded together,
  • FIG, 4 is a partial, cross-sectional view of two riser tubes 70a and 70b that may be joined to form the body 36 of the riser section 30 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Each of the tubes 70a and 70b includes an end 72a and 72b, respectively, and each of the ends 72a and 72b includes an interior surface 74a and 74b, respectively, that together forms a profile that includes a relief zone (50 in FIG. 3) when the ends 72a and 72b are welded together to form the body 36.
  • Forming the relief zone in this manner may be desirable to avoid having to access the inside surface of a heat affected zone 44 (FIGS. 2 and 3) located in the middle of a riser section's body 36 to machine the inside surface to form the relief zone SO,
  • Each of the interior surfaces 74a and 74b may include any desired shape that when combined with the other interior surface forms a profile that includes a relief zone having the desired offset.
  • each of the interior surfaces 74a and 74b is a mirror image of the other. More specifically, each of the interior surfaces 74a and 74b includes a first interior region 76a and 76b, and a second interior region 78a and 78b.
  • the distance 80a from the longitudinal axis 82a to the first interior region 76a, as measured perpendtcuiar to the axis 82a, is 19.090 inches; and the distance 84a from the longitudinal axis 82a to the second inferior region 78a, as measured perpendicular to the axis 82a, is nineteen inches.
  • each of the interior surfaces 74a and 74b extends 1.5 inches along the direction of their respective longitudinal axes 82a and 82b, and follows the interior periphery of their respective ends 72a and 72b where the riser tubes 70a and 70b will be welded together to form the body 38. Furthermore, the differences between the distances 80a and 84a, and the distances 80b and 84b are the same or substantially the same throughout the whole areas of the first interior regions 76a and 76b, Thus, each of the first interior regions are cyiindrically shaped and surround a portion of their respective longitudinal axes 82a and 82b.
  • the interior surfaces 74a and 74b may not be mirror images of each other, in addition, the distances 80a and 80b may be different while the differences between the distances 80a and 84a, and the distances 80b and 84b may remain the same, or be different,
  • the material of the riser tubes 70a and 70b may be any desired materia! thai wiii provide adequate strength and/or toughness to handle the stress and strain in the riser section 30 that is applied during service, in this and other embodiments, each of the tubes 70a and 70b is made of aluminum designated as Russian Alloy 1953-T1 or 198Q-T1 , This aluminum has a great strength to weight ratio which can be very important in offshore drilling because the weight of the riser suspended in the water must borne by either the drilling piatform or ship, or the well head underneath the water.
  • the tubes' materia! may be other aiuminum aiioys, such as 7050-T7 or 7075-T6. in still other embodiments, the tubes' material may be any desired iron alloy.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial, cross-sectional view a riser section 90, according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the relief zone 92 is formed by interior surfaces 94 being located closer to the longitudinal axis 98 than the surface 98.
  • the difference between the surfaces 94 and 98 is generated by locating the surface 98 closer to the longitudinal axis 96; in contrast to the embodiments discussed in conjunction with FIGS. 3 and 4 in which the difference between the surfaces 80 and 68a and 66b is generated by locating the surface 60 farther away from the longitudinal axis 58,
  • the surface 98 remains apart from the drill string 100 as the dri!i string moves inside the body of the riser section 90. Consequently, the drill string 100 does not bump and/or abrade the surface 98 of the heat affected zone 102, which helps prevent damage to the body of the riser section 90.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une section de colonne montante destinée à être raccordée à une autre section de colonne montante pour former une colonne de perçage. La section de colonne montante selon l'invention comprend un premier tube de colonne montante, un deuxième tube de colonne montante soudé au premier, un axe longitudinal, et une zone en relief qui inclut un matériau dont la microstructure a été modifiée par de la chaleur générée par soudage du premier tube de colonne montante au deuxième tube de colonne montante. La zone en relief inclut une surface intérieure située à une distance de l'axe longitudinal de la section de colonne montante dans une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe, qui est supérieure à la distance d'une deuxième surface intérieure adjacente à la surface intérieure de la zone en relief à l'axe longitudinal dans une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe.
PCT/US2011/048066 2010-08-18 2011-08-17 Sections de colonnes montantes et procédés pour leur fabrication WO2012024386A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40171310P 2010-08-18 2010-08-18
US61/401,713 2010-08-18

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WO2012024386A1 true WO2012024386A1 (fr) 2012-02-23

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013059680A1 (fr) 2011-10-19 2013-04-25 Advanced Joining Technologies, Inc. Sections de colonne montante et procédés de fabrication associés

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5813467A (en) * 1997-02-14 1998-09-29 Northrop Grumman Corporation Composite cylinder termination formed using snap ring
US7402001B2 (en) * 2003-08-08 2008-07-22 Saipem S.A. Seafloor-surface coupling device
US20080264644A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-10-30 Ralph Sawtell Method and apparatus for connecting drilling riser strings and compositions thereof
US20100159265A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Douglas Paul Fairchild Butt weld and method of making using fusion and friction stir welding

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5813467A (en) * 1997-02-14 1998-09-29 Northrop Grumman Corporation Composite cylinder termination formed using snap ring
US7402001B2 (en) * 2003-08-08 2008-07-22 Saipem S.A. Seafloor-surface coupling device
US20080264644A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-10-30 Ralph Sawtell Method and apparatus for connecting drilling riser strings and compositions thereof
US20100159265A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Douglas Paul Fairchild Butt weld and method of making using fusion and friction stir welding

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013059680A1 (fr) 2011-10-19 2013-04-25 Advanced Joining Technologies, Inc. Sections de colonne montante et procédés de fabrication associés
EP2795034A4 (fr) * 2011-10-19 2015-11-11 Advanced Joining Technologies Inc Sections de colonne montante et procédés de fabrication associés

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