WO2012021128A1 - Bloc d'alimentation/chargeur de batterie d'accumulateurs efficace - Google Patents

Bloc d'alimentation/chargeur de batterie d'accumulateurs efficace Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012021128A1
WO2012021128A1 PCT/US2010/045044 US2010045044W WO2012021128A1 WO 2012021128 A1 WO2012021128 A1 WO 2012021128A1 US 2010045044 W US2010045044 W US 2010045044W WO 2012021128 A1 WO2012021128 A1 WO 2012021128A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charger
power supply
efficient power
input protection
component
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2010/045044
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joseph B. Sainton
Original Assignee
Ever Win International Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ever Win International Corporation filed Critical Ever Win International Corporation
Priority to PCT/US2010/045044 priority Critical patent/WO2012021128A1/fr
Publication of WO2012021128A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012021128A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to electrical chargers for electronic devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to vehicle electrical chargers for electronic devices with universal serial buses (USB).
  • USB universal serial buses
  • the efficient power supply/charger of the present invention is a car charger comprising an input protection component, a surge regulator, a voltage controller component, a current limiting component, and a cable compensation component.
  • the voltage controller components further comprises of a power output component and a gate drive.
  • An object of the car charger is to provide an efficient car charger capable of charging various electronic devices through their USB ports.
  • a further object of the car charger is to provide an efficient car charger capable of regulating a surge versus attempting to clamp the surge.
  • Another object of the car charger is to achieve low EMI without the necessity of using any ferrites.
  • Yet another object of the car charger is to provide an efficient car charger that is capable of better response to transients and the capability to spread out EMI over a wider frequency range.
  • FIG 1 shows the complete schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the efficient power supply/charger.
  • Figure 2 shows the schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the input protection circuit.
  • FIG. 3 shows the schematic diagram of the surge regulator circuit.
  • Figure 4 shows the schematic diagram of the power output circuit.
  • Figure 5 shows the schematic diagram of the gate drive circuit.
  • Figure 6 shows the schematic diagram of the voltage controller circuit.
  • Figure 7 shows the output and gate voltage under a variable load of 80mA to
  • Figure 8 shows the output voltage during dynamic load change of 80mA to
  • Figure 9 shows the schematic diagram of the current limiting and cable compensation circuit.
  • Figure 10 shows the output voltage loaded to 80mA and subjected to a 40V input surge.
  • Figure 11 shows the output voltage loaded to 1A and subjected to a 40V input surge.
  • Vout+ and Vout- can be connected directly to a USB or other type of connector, or connected to a cable.
  • Vin+ and Gnd are normally connected to a positive tip spring and ground clip.
  • the efficient power supply/charger comprises an input protection component, a surge regulator, a voltage controller component, a current limiting component, and a cable compensation component.
  • the voltage controller components further comprises of a power output component and a gate drive.
  • Figure 2 shows the input protection components comprised of Fl, C2, and D3.
  • Fl provides protection to the vehicle's electrical system in case of a shorted part inside the adapter.
  • a 2 amp PTC is shown, but any other type of fuse could be used, including a PCB trace fuse, which would be the lowest possible cost.
  • C2 is a luF capacitor used to provide a small amount of filtering.
  • D3 is used to provide reverse input voltage protection.
  • FIG. 3 shows the surge regulator comprised of Q4, Q2, Q5, Z2, R7, R17, R18, and R19.
  • the adapter input current flows through Q4, which is biased on by R17 and R19. If the input voltage surge rises above 27 volts, Z2 starts to conduct current into the base of Q2. This causes Q2 to pull base current out of Q5.
  • the gate to source voltage of Q4 is reduced to its linear operating region, regulating the output to a little less than 28 volts.
  • the power dissipated in Q4 is the input current x the 12 volts across it. Worse case scenario testing has shown Q4 can survive with more than 1 amp passing through it.
  • the present invention has the benefit of regulating the surge, versus trying to clamp it to less than 30 volts using traditional parts and methods.
  • Traditional parts would have to be very large and expensive, severely limiting the size of the enclosure and marketability.
  • Figure 4 shows the power output stage made from Q3, CI, C3, LI, D2, C5, and R2.
  • Q3 When Q3 is turned on, the input voltage causes a current to start ramping up through LI, which charges C3.
  • An R-C snubbing network is comprised of C5 and R2 to reduce EMI.
  • Figure 5 shows the gate drive circuit made from R12, R13, D1, and Ql.
  • Ul-B When Ul-B is off (open collector) the FET's gate to source voltage is held to less than 0.6 volts by R13 and Ql .
  • Ql As Ul-B turns on, Ql is turned off by Dl and R12 slowly pulls the gate voltage down, turning on the FET.
  • Careful control of the gate drive to the FET is the key to achieving low EMI without having to use any ferrites.
  • Traditional methods switch the FET on and off as quickly as possible for high efficiency. This introduces large amounts of EMI.
  • the FET must be turned off quickly, since the current is at a maximum, but this can be easily dealt with by the R-C snubber.
  • the other unique feature of the gate drive circuit is that operation in both the digital and linear regions is possible, depending on the load.
  • Figure 6 shows how the voltage controller works. Ul-B's inverting input is normally biased at 1.24 volts. The output voltage is controlled by the ratio of Rl 1 to R6. Rl and C6 provide a "speed up" function by coupling more of the output ripple into the comparator input. As can be seen, this is a very simple on-off controller.
  • Another advantage is the inherent frequency jitter. This tends to spread out the EMI, instead of concentrating it at a single frequency.
  • Figure 7 shows the output and gate voltages under a variable load of 80ma to lOOOma.
  • the gate voltage drive changes in amplitude as well as pulse width.
  • Figure 8 shows a closer inspection of the output voltage.
  • the output easily stays in spec during a dynamic load change of 80ma to 1 OOOma at a slew rate of lOOma/us. This is at the end of a standard 0.25 ⁇ USB cable.
  • FIG 9 shows how the current is limited and cable compensation is performed.
  • R15 and R16 are the current sensing elements with U2 "riding on top" of the current sense voltage. Ul-A's non-inverting input is biased by the 1.24 volt reference as well as the output voltage. This provides a current foldback as well as a soft start function. If the returned load current exceeds the threshold, Ul-A's output pulls the reference on Ul- B's inverting input low, turning off the FET. As the output current decreases below the threshold, Ul-A's output turns off, returning control of the FET to Ul-B. As the load current increases from minimum to maximum, the reference voltage seen at Ul-B' s inverting input increases by 50mv/amp. This increase causes the output voltage between Vout+ and Vout- to increase, compensating for the I x R loss of the cable. This effect can be seen in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 shows the output loaded to 80ma and subjected to a 40 volt input surge. As can be seen, the surge is "transparent", having little effect on the output.
  • Figure 11 shows the output loaded to 1 amp while subjected to a 40 volt input surge. The output stays within the spec of 4.75 to 5.25 volts.
  • An alternative construction of the current invention replaces F 1 with a PCB trace fuse to lower cost. Yet another embodiment of the current invention replaces U2 with a 2.5 volt reference to reduce the amount of cable compensation. Another alternative embodiment of the efficient power supply/charger removes all the surge regulator components and replaces Q3 with a more expensive 40 volt FET to save space.

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un circuit électronique qui est normalement utilisé dans le chargeur allume-cigare d'un véhicule. Il est conçu de manière à répondre aux exigences de haute performance de la spécification d'un ordinateur Apple afin de charger un iPod et un iPhone, tout en conservant un coût faible. Le circuit est constitué de composants de protection d'entrée, d'un régulateur de surtension transitoire, d'un commutateur de transistor à effet de champ, d'un filtre électronique d'ondulation bobine d'induction-condensateur, de composants d'excitation de grille, d'un régulateur de tension, d'un régulateur de courant, d'un élément de détection de courant et d'une référence de tension.
PCT/US2010/045044 2010-08-10 2010-08-10 Bloc d'alimentation/chargeur de batterie d'accumulateurs efficace WO2012021128A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2010/045044 WO2012021128A1 (fr) 2010-08-10 2010-08-10 Bloc d'alimentation/chargeur de batterie d'accumulateurs efficace

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2010/045044 WO2012021128A1 (fr) 2010-08-10 2010-08-10 Bloc d'alimentation/chargeur de batterie d'accumulateurs efficace

Publications (1)

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WO2012021128A1 true WO2012021128A1 (fr) 2012-02-16

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Country Status (1)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103914015A (zh) * 2014-03-21 2014-07-09 航天科技控股集团股份有限公司 汽车电子设备的电源模块的单稳态控制信号输出抗干扰装置及抗干扰方法
WO2015113344A1 (fr) * 2014-01-28 2015-08-06 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 Appareil de charge de batterie et procédé de commande de protection de charge de batterie
US10211656B2 (en) 2014-01-28 2019-02-19 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. Power adapter, terminal, and method for processing exception of charging loop

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050088141A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2005-04-28 Kyung-Sang Lee Portable charger for mobile phone
US20050270164A1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-08 Mcdonald James N Jr Electrical protection device & method for a communication circuit
US20060158127A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-07-20 Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. Active damping control for a switch mode power supply
US20080036418A1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2008-02-14 Simoes Felipe O Portable battery charger
US20080150617A1 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 International Business Machines Corporation Voltage Pump Circuit with an Oxide Stress Control Mechanism for use in High-Voltage Applications in an Integrated Circuit
US20090279225A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2009-11-12 Morrish Andrew J Current limiting surge protection device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080036418A1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2008-02-14 Simoes Felipe O Portable battery charger
US20050088141A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2005-04-28 Kyung-Sang Lee Portable charger for mobile phone
US20050270164A1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-08 Mcdonald James N Jr Electrical protection device & method for a communication circuit
US20060158127A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-07-20 Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. Active damping control for a switch mode power supply
US20080150617A1 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 International Business Machines Corporation Voltage Pump Circuit with an Oxide Stress Control Mechanism for use in High-Voltage Applications in an Integrated Circuit
US20090279225A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2009-11-12 Morrish Andrew J Current limiting surge protection device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015113344A1 (fr) * 2014-01-28 2015-08-06 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 Appareil de charge de batterie et procédé de commande de protection de charge de batterie
US10211656B2 (en) 2014-01-28 2019-02-19 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. Power adapter, terminal, and method for processing exception of charging loop
US10461561B2 (en) 2014-01-28 2019-10-29 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. Battery charging apparatus and battery charging protection control method
US11545843B2 (en) 2014-01-28 2023-01-03 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. Battery charging apparatus and battery charging protection control method
CN103914015A (zh) * 2014-03-21 2014-07-09 航天科技控股集团股份有限公司 汽车电子设备的电源模块的单稳态控制信号输出抗干扰装置及抗干扰方法

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