WO2012019474A1 - 煤岩界面识别方法、识别系统及识别探头 - Google Patents
煤岩界面识别方法、识别系统及识别探头 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012019474A1 WO2012019474A1 PCT/CN2011/074240 CN2011074240W WO2012019474A1 WO 2012019474 A1 WO2012019474 A1 WO 2012019474A1 CN 2011074240 W CN2011074240 W CN 2011074240W WO 2012019474 A1 WO2012019474 A1 WO 2012019474A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- nozzle
- rock
- jet
- drum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C39/00—Devices for testing in situ the hardness or other properties of minerals, e.g. for giving information as to the selection of suitable mining tools
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/282—Autonomous machines; Autonomous operations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/302—Measuring, signaling or indicating specially adapted for machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral
Definitions
- the invention relates to a coal rock interface identification method, an identification system based on the method and a recognition probe. Background technique
- the control of the height of the domestic shearer drum is basically manual, that is, the shearer driver relies on his own vision and hearing to judge whether the drum is cut to the roof rock and adjust accordingly.
- the driver's eyes are at a certain distance from the top of the drum, and the working surface is full of coal dust, and the visibility is extremely low.
- the drum cutting coal seam generates a lot of noise, and the coal seam is continuously scattered after being cut. The noise is generated, combined with the mechanical vibration of the shearer itself.
- the above-mentioned various noises will also produce echoes on the working surface of a large space, which will make the working surface neither clear nor inaudible, even the experienced shearer driver.
- Coal and rock interface identification technology is one of the key technologies to realize the automation of shearer.
- the reliable coal-rock interface identification system has outstanding advantages in both economic benefits and safe operation. It not only enables the shearer to automatically track the coal-rock interface, but also improves the coal mining automation level and improves the efficiency of coal mining operations. It can also effectively increase the recovery rate, reduce the meteorites that must be removed during the coal preparation process, improve coal quality and transportation efficiency, reduce equipment wear, reduce equipment maintenance and downtime, and keep workers away from danger. Working face, achieving unmanned work surface, etc.
- the coal-rock interface identification system applied to the shearer for lifting and lowering on the shearer mainly adopts the interface measurement type. From the 20th century Since the 1950s, the world's major coal-producing countries such as the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Australia have paid more attention to research in this field, and some results have been formed, such as: NGR (Natuml Gamma) based on natural ray-ray characteristics of coal rock Radiatio n) sensor method, which is mature in theory and has several molded products used in some mines abroad.
- NGR Nearuml Gamma
- the thickness of the coal seam is determined by measuring the intensity of the ⁇ -ray after attenuation, thereby determining the coal-rock interface.
- This method requires that the roof rock must contain radioactive elements. Therefore, the method has good adaptability to the shale roof (containing radioactive elements), but not to the sandstone roof (less radioactive elements).
- This method can be used in 50% of mines in the UK, and 90% of mines in the United States can be used. In China, only about 18% of mines can be used, so it is difficult to promote it in China.
- the infrared temperature detection method was once considered to be a promising interface identification method.
- the method uses a high-sensitivity infrared thermometer to monitor the surface temperature of the geological body near the barrel pick during the mining process. Since the coal seam and the rock layer usually have significant mechanical strength contrast, the heat generated by cutting different layers is different, which causes the surface temperature of the geological body near the drum pick to increase to a different extent. According to this, it is judged whether it is cut to the coal rock interface. .
- the disadvantage of this method is that it only takes effect when the drum has been cut into the rock formation, which not only damages the tool, but also the spark generated by cutting the rock layer poses a great threat to the safety of the well; in addition, the shearer drum is usually equipped with The spray device is used to cool the cutting teeth and the coal seam, and it also causes great difficulty in real-time and accurate measurement of the surface temperature of the geological body near the drum pick.
- there are other methods such as: artificial gamma ray method, stress picking analysis method, vibration analysis method, etc., which are mainly at the theoretical research stage, and have not yet formed practical technology and products.
- the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a coal rock interface identification method, which has wide adaptability, can identify the coal rock interface in real time, and systematically solves the shearer height control of the shearer and enables the underground coal mining process. Realize the coal mining machine Motivation provides the necessary conditions.
- the present invention employs the following technical solution: The method provides a jet near the drum of the shearer or in the drum, the jet being sprayed toward the upper coal seam, the jet having energy that can cut through the coal seam without Passing through the rock layer after the coal seam, the nozzle of the jet is raised synchronously with the drum;
- the medium of the jet may be water; or water-based, and contains additives such as polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide gal, and the like.
- the present invention can also adopt the following further technical solutions: It utilizes the force of the reflective flow on the nozzle to cause the nozzle to have a tendency to retreat backward or backward, using a pressure sensor or a displacement sensor. Perceive to obtain the force value.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solution: it is provided with an identification probe and a controller; the identification probe is provided with a jet nozzle directed to the coal seam above the drum, and the jet nozzle is located near the drum or in the drum and can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the drum.
- the identification probe is provided with a sensitive component of the pressure sensor or the displacement sensor for sensing the force of the reflected flow reflected by the rock layer reflected by the coal seam on the nozzle or sensing the displacement of the nozzle due to the force.
- the distance is transmitted to the controller in real time after being processed by the conversion element; the controller controls the operation of the rocker arm driving device of the shearer according to the signal corresponding to the reflected flow force value of the pressure sensor or the displacement sensor
- the identification system is further provided with an adjustment device for the jet pressure.
- the nozzle is directed directly above or at a certain off angle to the upper side. As long as the drum of the shearer is close to the coal-rock interface behind the coal seam being mined by it, the force of the reflected flow can act on the nozzle or the nozzle. Connected parts are all right.
- the present invention may also adopt the following further technical solutions:
- the identification probe is disposed on the rocker arm of the shearer.
- the identification system is provided with a parallel hinge four-link on the rocker arm of the shearer, one of the four links is a fixed rod, and the mounting seat required for mounting the nozzle is fixed to be opposite to the fixed rod
- the rocker arm is The other of the four links other than the above two rods.
- the nozzle is stuck on the sensitive element of the pressure sensor or the displacement sensor.
- the sensitive element is in the shape of a washer, the sensitive element is placed on a mounting seat of the nozzle, the nozzle has a protruding ring perpendicular to the spraying direction, and the nozzle is inserted into the mounting seat through the sensitive component, the protruding The ring is stuck on the sensitive component.
- Still another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a coal rock interface identification probe that realizes the above method.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solution: it is provided with a jet nozzle, and the identification probe is further provided with a sensitive element of a pressure sensor or a displacement sensor for sensing the reflected flow reflected by the rock layer behind the coal seam The force of the nozzle or the distance by which the nozzle is displaced by the force.
- the present invention may also adopt the following further technical solutions:
- the nozzle is stuck on the sensitive element of the pressure sensor or the displacement sensor.
- the sensitive element is in the shape of a washer, the sensitive element is placed on a mounting seat of the nozzle, the nozzle has a protruding ring perpendicular to the spraying direction, and the nozzle is inserted into the mounting seat through the sensitive component, the protruding The ring is stuck on the sensitive component.
- Water jet technology is a new technology that has developed rapidly in recent decades. It uses water as the working medium to generate high-speed jets through pressurized equipment and nozzles of specific shapes. It has a very high energy density and can be used for cleaning, cutting, drilling, mining, crushing, etc., with clean and no heat effect. It is characterized by energy concentration, easy control, high efficiency, low cost, safe operation and convenient use. It is especially suitable for harsh operating environments, as well as sensitive or dangerous working places such as strict fire prevention and explosion protection. It can effectively improve the working environment and reduce and prevent it. The occurrence of a dangerous accident.
- the theoretical basis of the invention is:
- the initial velocity of the water flow reflected back is 0, and F is the force received by the reflected water flow. It is known from the principle that the force is equal to the reaction force, and the value of F in the above formula is equal to the impact force of the reflected jet on the nozzle.
- the above formula can be simplified as:
- the nozzle After the jet hits the rock formation, the nozzle begins to feel the impact of the reflected water flow.
- the present invention utilizes the above principles. Since the difference in strength between the coal seam and the rock layer is obvious, it is easy to find a pressure range in which the water jet has energy that can cut through the coal seam but cannot cut through the rock layer.
- the water jet nozzle is mounted near the drum, the top end of which is substantially at the same level as the tip end of the drum pick, the nozzle pointing directly above or obliquely above, and the detailed mounting method is described in the detailed description.
- the water jet nozzle gradually rises with the rocker arm of the shearer, the high pressure water flow continuously breaks down the coal seam in the upper part.
- the water jet will top The coal seam under the slate is completely penetrated and the water begins to impact the roof rock.
- the jet pressure regulating device can make the jet pressure constant during the working process, each determined distance between the nozzle and the rock formation must correspond to a substantially determined pressure value on the pressure sensor (same reason, if a displacement sensor is used, it corresponds to one Basically determined displacement value).
- the pressure sensor must have a substantially defined pressure value when the nozzle is X cm from the roof rock.
- the controller finds that the pressure signal provided by the pressure sensor reaches y, it indicates that the water jet nozzle, that is, the tip of the drum, is only X centimeters away from the roof rock, that is, the command is issued, and the rocker arm stops rising.
- the present invention provides a coal rock interface identification method, an identification system and an identification probe for realizing automatic control of rocker arm height adjustment by using the method, which can achieve high recovery rate, low mechanical wear and increase coal mining in coal mining process.
- the degree of automation of the process while effectively improving the safety factor of the work surface and improving the environment of the work surface.
- the detection process will not generate sparks and no thermal effect, so it is not limited by gas concentration, which can reduce and prevent dangerous accidents;
- the thickness of the retained top coal can be adjusted according to the specific conditions of different mines, and the adjustment operation is very simple;
- the detection process does not involve complex data processing, which can fully guarantee the real-time performance of detection results and control decisions;
- the water jet has the functions of cooling and cooling, cleaning and dust removal, which can extend the service life of the pick and effectively improve the environment of the working surface.
- Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a coal rock interface identification system
- Figure 2 is an exploded view of the coal rock interface identification probe
- Figure 3 is a partial schematic view showing the installation structure of the coal rock interface recognition system on the shearer
- Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the complete installation structure of the coal rock interface identification system on the double drum shearer
- Figure 5 is a software flow chart of the automatic control system of the rocker rocker arm.
- the reference numerals in the figure are respectively as follows: 1. Coal rock interface identification probe, 2. High pressure water supply pipe, 3. High pressure water generating equipment, 4. Pressure sensor or displacement sensor conversion component, 5. Controller, 6. Nozzle 7, nozzle protruding ring, 8, pressure sensor or displacement sensor sensitive components, 9, sensor output signal line, 10, mount, 11, the fixed tail of the nozzle, 12 ⁇ : 14, parallel four-link
- the hydraulic parameters of the water jet mainly include jet driving pressure, flow or nozzle diameter, and power. Among them, for any water jet system, a reasonable choice of a driving pressure level is a key issue. According to the literature on water jets, some commonly used pressure ratings are shown in the table below.
- the jet power is a function of the nozzle diameter and the drive pressure, and that the jet power is more sensitive to changes in nozzle diameter than to changes in pressure. Therefore, according to the specific coal stratum situation, the driving pressure and nozzle diameter should be comprehensively selected through experiments to achieve the rock layer after the water jet can penetrate the coal seam and cannot penetrate the coal seam. At the same time, the energy efficiency is high, and the impact force change is easy to measure. Effect. Within the allowable range, try to make the nozzle diameter larger so that the impact force change is easier to measure.
- the coal rock interface identification system is provided with an identification probe 1 and a controller 5; the identification probe is provided with a jet nozzle pointing upwards, and the jet nozzle is located in the vicinity of the drum or in the drum and can be raised and lowered synchronously with the drum, and the identification probe is provided a sensitive element having a pressure sensor or a displacement sensor for sensing the force of the reflected flow reflected by the rock layer reflected by the coal seam on the nozzle or sensing the distance by which the nozzle is displaced backward by the force, converted by the sensor
- the signal is transmitted to the controller in real time; the controller controls the operation of the rocker arm driving device of the shearer according to the signal corresponding to the reflected flow force value of the pressure sensor or the displacement sensor, and the identification
- the system also has a modulation of jet pressure Section device.
- reference numeral 1 is a coal rock interface identification probe
- reference numeral 2 is a high pressure water pipe
- reference numeral 3 is a high pressure water generating device
- reference numeral 4 is a pressure sensor or a displacement sensor conversion element.
- Reference numeral 5 is a controller.
- the high-pressure water generating device 3 includes a device for adjusting the jet pressure, and has a function of adjusting the jet pressure.
- Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the identification probe 1 of the coal-rock interface recognition system.
- the nozzle 6 is caught on the sensitive element 8 of the pressure sensor or the displacement sensor by a nozzle projection ring 7 perpendicular to the ejection direction, and the sensitive element 8 is connected to the conversion element 4 via the sensitive element output signal line 9.
- the sensor element 8 is in the form of a washer and is placed on the mounting seat 10 of the nozzle.
- the nozzle 6 is passed through the sensitive member 8 and the mount 10 in sequence, and is fixed to the mount 10 through the retaining ring 11 at the end of the nozzle.
- the mount 10 is fixed to the rod 12.
- the coal-rock interface identification probe 1 is mounted near the drum 100 by a mechanism for maintaining the orientation, so that the nozzle 6 in the identification probe 1 can always point in the direction of the desired injection, which is generally directly above or positive. There is a certain oblique angle above the eccentric angle. As long as the drum of the shearer is close to the coal-rock interface behind the coal seam being mined by it, the force of the reflected flow can act on the nozzle or the component connected to the nozzle. The mechanism for maintaining the orientation is described in the next section.
- the top end of the nozzle 6 is substantially at the same level as the top end of the drum pick 101.
- the water jet nozzle 6 When the water jet nozzle 6 is gradually raised with the shearer drum 100, the high pressure water flow continuously breaks down the coal seam in the upper portion thereof. As it approaches the roof rock layer 300, the water jet completely penetrates the top coal seam 200 below the roof rock and the water flow begins to impinge on the roof rock layer 300. Since the energy of the water jet is insufficient to penetrate the rock, according to the theoretical basis 2, the downward impact force of the nozzle becomes larger as the rocker arm 102 rises. The force received by the nozzle 6 is transmitted via the protruding ring 7 thereon to the sensitive element 8 of the pressure sensor or displacement sensor and then transmitted to the controller 5 in real time via the conversion element 4.
- each determined distance between the nozzle and the rock formation must correspond to a substantially determined pressure value on the pressure sensor (same reason, if a displacement sensor is used, it corresponds to a basic Determined displacement value).
- the pressure sensor Taking the pressure sensor as an example, assuming that the mining process requires retention of the X cm top coal retention thickness, the pressure sensor must have a substantially defined pressure value y when the nozzle tip is X cm from the roof rock.
- the controller finds that the pressure signal provided by the pressure sensor reaches y, it indicates that the water jet nozzle, that is, the tip of the drum, is only X centimeters away from the roof rock, that is, the command is issued, and the rocker arm 102 stops rising.
- the pressure value y should be based on the pressure sensor measurement when the tip of the nozzle is (x + z) cm from the top rock.
- the rocker arm 102 is centered on a fixed fulcrum on the shearer, and is subjected to an arc motion under the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 103 to complete the lifting operation. Therefore, if the coal-rock interface identification probe 1 and its nozzle 6 are fixedly mounted on the top of the rocker arm, when the rocker arm is raised and lowered, the direction of the water jet nozzle will not always point to the top of the upper roadway, but will be curved with the rocker arm. , making the recognition system not working properly. Therefore, it is necessary to design a mechanism. When the rocker arm performs the arc lifting action, the coal rock interface identification probe 1 and its nozzle 6 mounted thereon can always point upward or have an oblique angle upward to ensure the system is normal. jobs.
- the present invention utilizes a parallel hinged four-bar linkage mechanism to accomplish this function.
- the parallel hinge four-bar linkage is a special form of the hinged four-link mechanism, with the opposite sides being parallel.
- the bars 12, 13, 14 and the rocker arm 102 together form a parallel hinged four-bar linkage.
- the rocker arm 102 in Fig. 3 is straight, and the actual shearer rocker arm may not be straight due to factors such as the rationality of the stress distribution, and the parallel connection between the rod member 13 and the hinge point of the rocker arm 102 is parallel. That is, if the rod members 12 and 14 are of equal length, the rod members 12, 13, 14 and the rocker arm 102 still constitute a parallel hinge four-bar linkage mechanism.
- the rod member 14 is fixed by the elasticizable member 15.
- the elastic member 15 can be loosened to adjust the angle of the rod member 14 It is then locked to accommodate different bevel angles of the coal seam during oblique coal seam mining.
- the rocker arm 102 of one of the rods performs an arc motion under the action of the hydraulic cylinder 103.
- the rod member 12 is always connected to the rod member 14 according to the principle of the parallel hinge four-bar linkage mechanism.
- the mounting seat 10 of the nozzle 6 is fixed on the rod 12 (as shown in FIG. 2), thus ensuring that the water jet nozzle 6 always points upwardly or obliquely upward with a desired eccentric angle directly above, so that The system can adapt to various working conditions such as inclined coal seam mining and obtain ideal working conditions.
- the comprehensive mechanized coal mining is commonly used in the double-drum shearer.
- This section describes the installation of the coal-rock interface identification system on the double-drum shearer. Since the double drum shearer is usually operated by front drum cutting coal, the rear drum cuts the bottom coal. In general, only one set of coal rock interface identification system of the front drum is in working state, so two sets of coal rock interface identification systems can share a set of high pressure water generating equipment 3, as shown in Fig. 4.
- the shearer travels to the right, the right drum is used as the front drum to perform cutting coal, and the left drum is used as the rear drum to cut the bottom coal, so the valve 16 is opened, the valve 17 is closed, and the right coal rock interface identification system works.
- the left side drum is raised as the front drum to perform the topping coal, and the right side drum is lowered as the rear drum to perform the cutting bottom coal.
- the valve 17 is opened first, and then the valve 16 is closed.
- the right coal-rock interface identification system stops working, and the left coal-rock interface identification system starts.
- the switching operation of the left and right identification system is repeated.
- the valves 16 and 17 on both sides cannot be closed at the same time, so as to avoid great impact on the high pressure water generating equipment.
- the two valves 16 and 17 herein can also be replaced by a three-way valve to achieve similar open and closed valve operation.
- the long-term injection of water jets can cause water to accumulate, especially if the jet volume is large.
- the immersion of clayey deposits in water may cause a series of problems.
- In the United States there have been two mine accidents in which water mines have collapsed due to water siltation.
- the long-term injection of water jets during the operation will consume a lot of water resources. Therefore, from the perspective of safety and economy, the sprayed water can be properly recycled and recycled.
- the recycling scheme is relatively simple. When there is water in the working surface, it is pumped away by a special pump. After the sedimentation and multi-stage filtration, it can be reused as the water source of the identification system. This not only ensures safety but also saves resources.
- Another optional water-saving option is that the nozzle only injects high-pressure water when the shearer rocker rises while the drum pick is approaching the roof rock layer, at other times (eg: in the shearer rocker lowering process) When the middle or roller pick is away from the roof rock layer) Stop spraying high pressure water.
- the automatic height control of the shearer rocker arm can be realized.
- the hardware devices involved in the implementation are: the coal rock interface identification system described above and the hydraulic system responsible for rocker arm lifting.
- the coal-rock interface identification system sprays water jets.
- the controller will immediately monitor and issue a command to the hydraulic system. Arm That is, the descent begins.
- the rocker arm is lowered to the lowest position, the hydraulic system begins to raise the rocker arm to the next cycle.
- the decision control process of the controller is implemented by software.
- the type and hardness of the surrounding rock of the roadway are first determined.
- a field test method can be used to determine a set of water jet pressure levels that can penetrate the coal seam and cannot penetrate the rock layer and select a suitable nozzle. Then, the thickness of the top coal is retained as needed, and the field experiment determines the threshold of the pressure sensor (or displacement sensor). That is, when the distance between the nozzle and the rock layer is just enough to reach the reserved thickness, the output value of the sensor at this time is recorded, and the value is written into the controller's decision control software. If the tip of the nozzle is slightly lower than the tip of the cylinder pick 101, the height of the top coal retaining thickness should be increased by adding the above height difference.
- controller 5 The decision control software flow chart of controller 5 is shown in Figure 5.
- the control system is started, the system is initialized first, then the high pressure water generating device 3 is started, the recognition system starts to inject the water jet, and the controller 5 then starts reading the data of the pressure sensor (or the displacement sensor).
- the controller When the distance between the drum and the formation reaches the top coal retaining thickness, that is, when the sensor data reaches the threshold, the controller immediately issues a command to the hydraulic system, the hydraulic cylinder 103 contracts, and the rocker arm 102 begins to descend. After the rocker arm is lowered to the lowest position, it starts to rise and enters the next cycle.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
Description
说明书 煤岩界面识别方法、 识别系统及识别探头 技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤岩界面识别方法, 基于该方法的识别系统及识别探头。 背景技术
在煤矿井下开采过程中, 需要判别煤层与岩层的分界面, 以此为依据控制采煤机摇臂 的升降。
目前, 国内采煤机滚筒高度的控制基本上都采用人工操作, 即采煤机司机依靠自己的 视觉和听觉来判断滚筒是否切割到顶板岩石而作出相应的调节。 然而, 实际操作中, 司机 的眼睛距离滚筒顶端有一定的距离, 且工作面上充满煤尘, 能见度极低; 与此同时, 滚筒 切割煤层产生很大噪声, 煤层被切割后不断地散落下来也产生噪声, 加之采煤机本身的机 械振动, 在较大空间的工作面上上述各种噪声还会产生回声, 导致工作面上既看不清也听 不清, 即使经验丰富的采煤机司机也很难在滚筒切割至顶板岩石的瞬间迅速做出准确判 断。 因此为了避免切割至顶板岩石, 我国现在大都采取保守开采的方式, 实际的采出率较 低,而目前的技术水平也很难对剩余的大量煤炭资源进行二次开采,造成严重的资源浪费。 同时, 现行的这种操作方法也严重制约了采煤工作面自动化水平的提高, 所以开发煤岩界 面识别技术具有重要意义。
煤岩界面识别技术是实现采煤机自动化的关键技术之一。 可靠的煤岩界面识别系统在 经济效益和安全作业两方面都具有突出的优点, 它不仅可以使采煤机具有自动追踪煤岩界 面的能力, 提升煤矿井下采煤自动化水平, 提高采煤作业效益, 而且还能有效地提高采出 率, 减少那些在选煤过程中必须除去的矸石, 提高煤炭品质和运输效率, 减轻设备磨损情 况, 减少设备维修量和停机时间, 并可使作业人员远离危险工作面, 实现工作面无人化等。
应用于采煤机上的指导摇臂升降的煤岩界面识别系统主要采用界面测量型。 从 20世
纪 50年代起, 世界各主要产煤国如美国、 德国、 英国、 澳大利亚等愈加重视这一领域的 研究工作, 已经形成了一些成果, 例如: 基于煤岩自然 Y射线辐射特性的 NGR (Natuml Gamma Radiatio n)传感器法,此法在理论层面比较成熟且已有几种成型的产品在国外某 些矿井使用。 此法根据顶板岩石中的 Y射线在穿透煤层后的衰减规律, 通过测量经过衰减 后的 Y射线强度来确定煤层厚度, 由此来确定煤岩界面。 该方法要求顶板岩石必须含有放 射性元素。 因此该方法对于页岩顶板 (含有放射性元素) 有较好的适应性, 而对于砂岩顶 板(放射性元素含量较少)则无法应用。 该方法在英国有 50%的矿井可以使用, 在美国有 90%的矿井可以使用;而在我国仅有 18%左右的矿井可以应用, 因而难以在我国大范围推 广使用。 另外, 红外温度检测法也曾一度被认为是有前途的界面识别方法, 该方法利用高 灵敏度的红外线测温仪监测开采过程中滚筒截齿附近地质体的表面温度。 由于煤层与岩石 层通常存在显著的机械强度反差, 截割不同层面所产生的热量不同, 导致滚筒截齿附近地 质体的表面温度的升高程度不同, 据此来判断是否截割到煤岩界面。 该方法的不足之处在 于, 只有当滚筒已经切割到岩层时才会生效, 不仅会损坏刀具, 而且切割岩层产生的火花 会对井下安全造成极大威胁; 另外, 采煤机滚筒上通常装有喷雾装置用于给截齿和煤层冷 却降温, 也对滚筒截齿附近地质体表面温度的实时准确测量造成了较大困难。 除此以外, 还有一些其他方法如: 人工 γ射线法、 应力截齿分析法、 振动分析法等, 目前主要停留在 理论研究阶段, 尚未形成实用技术与产品。
综上所述, 到目前为止, 尽管各国的研究人员对煤岩界面探测系统提出了种种构想, 但多数方案还处于研究和试验阶段, 其可靠性、 实用性、 安全性等尚未得到充分验证。 同 时由于地质条件的复杂性等种种原因, 一些已经应用的识别技术的使用范围则受到严重限 制, 使用环境稍有变化就会效果变差甚至完全失效, 比如: 自然 Y射线法, 对于页岩顶板 效果较好, 而对于砂岩顶板则几乎不能使用。 发明内容
本发明首先要解决的技术问题是提供一种煤岩界面识别方法, 其适应性广, 能实时识 别煤岩界面, 并为系统化地解决采煤机摇臂调高控制、 使井下采煤过程真正实现采煤机自
动化提供必要的条件。 为此, 本发明采用以下技术方案: 所述方法在采煤机的滚筒附近或 滚筒中提供射流, 所述射流向上方的煤层喷射, 所述射流具有的能量可以切割穿透所述煤 层而不能穿透煤层后的岩石层, 所述射流的喷嘴与滚筒同步升高;
获得射流被所述岩石层反射的反射流对喷嘴的作用力值, 并实时传送给控制装置, 根 据该作用力的大小测算滚筒是否已接近煤岩界面, 如已接近煤岩界面, 则控制采煤机摇臂 下降;
所述射流的介质可以是水; 或以水为主体, 并含有诸如聚丙烯酰胺、 聚氧化乙烯加尔 树脂等添加剂。
在采用上述技术方案的基础上, 本发明还可采用以下进一步的技术方案: 它利用反射 流对喷嘴的作用力能使喷嘴有向后退縮的趋势或向后位移, 采用压力传感器或位移传感器 进行感知以获得所述作用力值。
本发明另一个所要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够实现上述方法进行煤岩界面识别 并进而控制采煤机摇臂工作的煤岩界面识别系统。 为此, 本发明采用以下技术方案: 它设 有识别探头、 控制器; 所述识别探头设有指向滚筒上方煤层的射流喷嘴, 所述射流喷嘴处 在滚筒附近或滚筒中并可与滚筒同步升降, 所述识别探头设有压力传感器或位移传感器的 敏感元件, 用来感知射流被煤层后的岩石层所反射的反射流对所述喷嘴的作用力或感知因 该作用力而使喷嘴后退位移的距离, 经转换元件处理后实时将信号传送给控制器; 所述控 制器根据所述压力传感器或位移传感器的与反射流作用力值对应的信号, 经比较, 控制采 煤机摇臂驱动装置工作, 所述识别系统还设有射流压力的调节装置。
一般地, 所述喷嘴指向正上方或与正上方有一定偏角, 只要采煤机的滚筒在接近被其 采掘的煤层后的煤岩界面时, 反射流的作用力能作用于喷嘴或与喷嘴相连的部件即可。
在采用上述技术方案的基础上, 本发明还可采用以下进一步的技术方案:
所述识别探头设置在采煤机摇臂上。
所述识别系统在采煤机摇臂上设有平行铰链四连杆, 所述四连杆的其中一杆为固定 杆, 安装所述喷嘴所需要的安装座固定在与所述固定杆处于对边位置的杆上, 所述摇臂为
上述两杆之外的四连杆中的另一杆。 所述喷嘴卡在压力传感器或位移传感器的敏感元件上。 所述敏感元件为垫圈状, 所述敏感元件放在喷嘴的安装座上, 所述喷嘴具有垂直于喷 射方向的凸出环, 所述喷嘴穿过所述敏感元件插入安装座, 所述凸出环卡在所述敏感元件 上。 本发明再一个所要解决的技术问题是提供实现上述方法的煤岩界面识别探头。 为此, 本发明采用以下技术方案: 它设有射流喷嘴, 所述识别探头还设有压力传感器或位移传感 器的敏感元件, 用来感知射流被煤层后的岩石层所反射的反射流对所述喷嘴的作用力或感 知因该作用力而使喷嘴后退位移的距离。
在采用上述技术方案的基础上, 本发明还可采用以下进一步的技术方案:
所述喷嘴卡在压力传感器或位移传感器的敏感元件上。
所述敏感元件为垫圈状, 所述敏感元件放在喷嘴的安装座上, 所述喷嘴具有垂直于喷 射方向的凸出环, 所述喷嘴穿过所述敏感元件插入安装座, 所述凸出环卡在所述敏感元件 上。
水射流技术是近几十年迅速发展的一项新技术。 它以水为工作介质, 通过增压设备和 特定形状的喷嘴产生高速射流束, 具有极高的能级密度, 可以用于清洗、 切割、 钻孔、 采 掘、 破碎等作业, 具有清洁、 无热效应、 能量集中、 易于控制、 效率高、 成本低、 操作安 全、 使用方便等特点, 特别适用于操作环境恶劣, 以及要求严格防火、 防爆等敏感或危险 工作场合, 能够有效改善工作环境, 降低和防止危险事故的发生。 本发明的理论基础是:
1、 水射流在处于不同的驱动压力等级下时, 具有的能量不同, 因此产生的切割或破 碎效果也不同。 驱动压力越高, 水流具有的能量越高, 切割能力越强, 可以切割或穿透更 坚硬的材料;
2、 适当控制水射流的能量, 使其可以穿透煤层而不能穿透煤层后的岩层, 此时射流
冲击煤层和岩层时会出现不同的现象。 水流打在相对松软的煤层上时, 煤层被击穿, 煤块 掉落下来, 与此同时, 水流的巨大能量几乎被吸收掉, 所以击中煤层后的水流速度迅速变 小, 另外由于煤层破碎后呈不规则形状并四处飞溅, 水流冲击煤层后方向散乱, 不会集中 向某一个方向反射。 而当煤层被全部击穿后, 水射流开始冲击到岩层上, 由于水流的能量 不足以击穿岩层 (会对岩层造成冲蚀, 然而是一个很慢的过程), 且岩层相对煤层质地致 密平整, 所以水流冲击到岩层后将以很大的速度被反射回来。 假设射流作用于岩层表面, 反射后速度大小不变, 为^ (由于岩层坚硬致密, 这种近似假设是合理的), 且绝大部分 以与入射方向完全相反的角度(即方向改变 180度)反射回来, 反射回来的射流作用在入 射射流上形成一个冲击力, 这个冲击力最终作用在喷嘴上。 由动量定理:
F- M = πν2 - πν
式中, 为被反射回来的水流的初始速度, 为0, F为反射回来的水流受到的力。 由作 用力等于反作用力原理可知, 上式中 F值就等于反射回来的射流作用在喷嘴上的冲击力。 上式又可简化为:
F= -p - q-v^
F = -F
式中, F为喷嘴受到的冲击力, 方向与射流入射方向相反; p为射流介质水的密度; q为 射流体积流量。
射流打到岩层后, 喷嘴开始逐渐感受到反射水流的冲击力。 喷嘴距离岩层越近, 射流 在被反射前的速度损失越小, 即冲击岩层的速度就越大, 被反射回来的速度 ^也就越大, 则由上式可知, 反射回来的水流对喷嘴造成的冲击力越大。
本发明正是利用以上原理。 由于煤层和岩石层的强度差别很明显, 因此容易找到一个 压力范围, 在此范围的某压力下, 水射流具有的能量可以切割穿透煤层, 但不能切割穿透 岩石层。 水射流喷嘴被安装在滚筒附近, 其顶端与滚筒截齿顶端基本在同一高度上, 喷嘴 指向正上方或斜上方, 详细的安装方法在具体实施方式中介绍。 水射流喷嘴随采煤机摇臂 逐渐升高时, 高压水流不断将其上部的煤层击穿破碎。 当接近顶板岩石层时, 水射流将顶
板岩石下的煤层完全穿透, 水流开始冲击到顶板岩石上。 由于水射流的能量不足以穿透岩 石, 根据理论基础 2的内容, 喷嘴受到向下的冲击力会随摇臂的升高而越来越大, 压力传 感器或位移传感器的敏感元件感受喷嘴所受到的反射流作用力, 将信号实时传送给识别系 统的控制器。 由于工作过程中射流压力调节装置可使射流压力恒定, 喷嘴与岩层之间每一 个确定的距离都必在压力传感器上对应一个基本确定的压力值(同理,若采用位移传感器, 则是对应一个基本确定的位移值)。 以压力传感器为例, 假设开采过程要求保留 X厘米顶 煤, 则当喷嘴距离顶板岩石为 X厘米时, 压力传感器必有一基本确定的压力值 。 当控制 器发现压力传感器提供的压力信号达到 y时, 即表明此时水射流喷嘴也即滚筒顶端与顶板 岩石仅有 X厘米的距离, 即发出命令, 摇臂停止升高。
综上, 本发明提供了一种煤岩界面识别方法、 利用此方法实现摇臂调高自动控制的识 别系统及识别探头, 可以使煤炭开采过程实现高采出率, 低机械磨损, 提高采煤过程的自 动化程度, 同时有效提高作业面的安全系数, 改善作业面的环境。
具体的, 本发明的上述技术方案具有如下特点:
1、 能以水作为探测介质, 相比 Y射线法等方法, 成本低廉、 方便可靠、 操作安全;
2、 探测过程不会产生火花, 无热效应, 因此不受瓦斯浓度的限制, 可降低和防止危 险事故发生;
3、 由于煤层围岩的硬度普遍大于煤层, 所以本发明所提供的方法、 装置和系统适用 范围广, 可以不受煤岩层其他物理化学特性的影响;
4、 保留顶煤的厚度可以根据不同矿井的具体情况调整, 而且调整操作非常简便;
5、 探测过程不涉及复杂的数据处理, 可以充分保证探测结果与控制决策的实时性;
6、 由于水为柔性介质, 其冲击岩层时不会产生像机械机构切割岩层时所产生的剧烈 震动, 同时也有效降低截齿切割岩层的剧烈震动可能引发塌方等事故的潜在危险;
7、 水射流同时具有冷却降温、 清洁除尘的作用, 可延长截齿的使用寿命, 有效改善 作业面的环境。
附图说明
图 1是煤岩界面识别系统的结构示意图;
图 2是煤岩界面识别探头的分解图;
图 3是煤岩界面识别系统在采煤机上的安装结构局部示意图;
图 4是煤岩界面识别系统在双滚筒采煤机上完整的安装结构示意图;
图 5是采煤机摇臂自动调高控制系统软件流程图。
图中的附图标号分别表示如下: 1、 煤岩界面识别探头, 2、 高压输水管, 3、 高压水 发生设备, 4、 压力传感器或位移传感器的转换元件, 5、 控制器, 6、 喷嘴, 7、 喷嘴凸出 环, 8、压力传感器或位移传感器的敏感元件, 9、敏感元件输出信号线, 10、 安装座, 11、 喷嘴尾部的固定卡环, 12〜: 14、 平行四连杆机构的杆件, 15、 起锁定杆件 14作用的可松 紧部件, 16、 右侧煤岩界面识别系统的高压水阀门, 17、 左侧煤岩界面识别系统的高压水 阀门, 100、 滚筒, 101、 滚筒截齿, 102、 摇臂, 103、 摇臂升降液压缸, 104、 采煤机机 身, 200、 顶部煤层, 300、 顶板岩石层。 具体实施方式
1、 水射流驱动压力和喷嘴的选择
水射流的水力参数主要包括射流驱动压力、 流量或喷嘴直径、 功率。 其中, 对于任何 水射流系统来说, 合理选择一个驱动压力等级是个关键性问题。 根据水射流的相关文献, 一些常用的压力等级如下表所示。
常用的水射流压力等级
适用场合 驱动压力 /MPa 水射流清洗矿车 35〜70
水射流切割煤层 35〜70
水射流切割砂岩或花岗岩 70〜: 100 水射流切割大理岩或玄武岩 100〜150 水射流在硬岩内钻孔 250〜300 由此可见, 选取一个可以切割穿透煤层而不能切割岩层的驱动压力是不难的, 当然还 要结合喷嘴的参数。 根据矿井的围岩情况不同, 可以设定不同的驱动压力值。
根据水射流的相关文献, 这里不加推导的给出如下表达式:
P= 16.67ρ¾ = 35.01 cfp3/2 式中, 为射流流速, m/s; p为射流压力, MPa ; c¾为射流体积流量, Iimin; d为喷嘴 出口直径, mm ; P为射流功率, W。
可见, 射流功率是喷嘴直径和驱动压力的函数, 且射流功率对喷嘴直径的变化比对压 力大的变化敏感的多。 因此需要根据具体的煤岩层情况, 通过试验, 综合选择驱动压力和 喷嘴直径, 以达到水射流可以穿透煤层而不能穿透煤层后的岩石层, 同时能量效率较高, 冲击力变化容易测取的效果。 在允许的范围内, 尽量使喷嘴直径较大, 这样冲击力的变化 更容易测取。
2、 煤岩界面识别系统构成与识别过程
煤岩界面识别系统设有识别探头 1、 控制器 5; 所述识别探头设有指向上方的射流喷 嘴, 所述射流喷嘴处在滚筒附近或滚筒中并可与滚筒同步升降, 所述识别探头设有压力传 感器或位移传感器的敏感元件, 用来感知射流被煤层后的岩石层所反射的反射流对所述喷 嘴的作用力或感知因该作用力而使喷嘴后退位移的距离, 经传感器的转换元件处理后实时 将信号传送给控制器; 所述控制器根据所述压力传感器或位移传感器的与反射流作用力值 对应的信号, 经比较, 控制采煤机摇臂驱动装置工作, 所述识别系统还设有射流压力的调
节装置。
如图 1所示, 附图标号 1为煤岩界面识别探头, 附图标号 2为高压输水管, 附图标号 3为高压水发生设备, 附图标号 4为压力传感器或位移传感器的转换元件, 附图标号 5为 控制器。 其中, 高压水发生设备 3含有射流压力的调节装置, 具有射流压力调节的功能。
图 2是煤岩界面识别系统识别探头 1的分解图。 如图 2所示, 喷嘴 6通过垂直于喷射 方向的喷嘴凸出环 7卡在压力传感器或位移传感器的敏感元件 8上, 敏感元件 8通过敏感 元件输出信号线 9与转换元件 4连接。 敏感元件 8呈垫圈状, 置于喷嘴的安装座 10上。 喷嘴 6依次穿过敏感元件 8与安装座 10后, 通过喷嘴尾部的固定卡环 11固定在安装座 10上。 安装座 10固定在杆件 12上。
如图 3所示, 煤岩界面识别探头 1通过一个保持方向的机构安装在滚筒 100附近, 使 识别探头 1中的喷嘴 6始终能指向所需喷射的方向, 该方向一般为正上方或与正上方有一 定偏角的斜上方, 只要采煤机的滚筒在接近被其采掘的煤层后的煤岩界面时, 反射流的作 用力能作用于喷嘴或与喷嘴相连的部件即可。 保持方向的机构在下一小节介绍。 喷嘴 6顶 端与滚筒截齿 101顶端基本在同一高度上。 水射流喷嘴 6随采煤机滚筒 100逐渐升高时, 高压水流不断将其上部的煤层击穿破碎。 当接近顶板岩石层 300时, 水射流将顶板岩石下 的顶部煤层 200完全穿透, 水流开始冲击到顶板岩石层 300上。 由于水射流的能量不足以 穿透岩石, 根据理论基础 2的内容, 喷嘴受到向下的冲击力会随摇臂 102的升高而越来越 大。 喷嘴 6受到的力通过其上的凸出环 7传递给压力传感器或位移传感器的敏感元件 8, 然后通过转换元件 4实时传送给控制器 5。 由于工作过程中水射流增压装置的压力恒定, 喷嘴与岩层之间每一个确定的距离都必在压力传感器上对应一个基本确定的压力值 (同 理, 若采用位移传感器, 则是对应一个基本确定的位移值)。 以压力传感器为例, 假设开 采过程要求保留 X厘米顶煤保留厚度, 则当喷嘴顶端距离顶板岩石为 X厘米时, 压力传感 器必有一基本确定的压力值 y。 当控制器发现压力传感器提供的压力信号达到 y时, 即表 明此时水射流喷嘴也即滚筒顶端与顶板岩石仅有 X厘米的距离, 即发出命令, 摇臂 102停 止升高。
显然, 如果喷嘴顶端略低于滚筒截齿 101顶端而存在高度差 z厘米, 则压力值 y应以 喷嘴顶端距离顶板岩石为(x+ z)厘米时的压力传感器测量值为准。
3、 保持方向的机构的设计
参照图 1、 2、 3。 摇臂 102是以采煤机上的固定支点为圆心, 在液压缸 103的伸縮作 用下做弧线运动完成升降动作的。 因此, 如果将煤岩界面识别探头 1及其喷嘴 6固定安装 在摇臂顶部, 则当摇臂升降时, 水射流喷嘴方向将不能始终指向上方的巷道顶部, 而是随 摇臂做弧线运动, 使得识别系统不能正常工作。 因此, 必须设计一个机构, 当摇臂做弧线 升降动作时, 装在其上面的煤岩界面识别探头 1及其喷嘴 6能够始终指向上方或具有某一 偏角的斜上方, 以保证系统正常工作。
本发明利用平行铰链四连杆机构实现这一功能。 平行铰链四连杆机构是铰链四连杆机 构的一种特殊形式, 对边两两平行。 如图 3所示, 杆件 12、 13、 14与摇臂 102共同构成 平行铰链四连杆机构。 图 3中的摇臂 102是直的, 实际的采煤机摇臂由于考虑到应力分布 的合理性等因素可能不是直的, 通过令杆件 13与摇臂 102两端铰接点的连线平行, 即令 杆件 12和 14长度相等, 则杆件 12、 13、 14与摇臂 102仍然构成平行铰链四连杆机构。 其中杆件 14通过可松紧部件 15进行固定, 在采煤机工作时杆件 14的位置与方向均固定 不变, 不能转动; 停机时可以将可松紧部件 15松开, 调整杆件 14的角度然后锁死, 以适 应斜煤层开采时煤层的不同斜角。作为平行铰链四连杆机构其中一杆的摇臂 102在液压缸 103 的作用下做弧线运动, 当摇臂升降时, 根据平行铰链四连杆机构的原理, 杆件 12始 终与杆件 14保持平行; 喷嘴 6的安装座 10固定在杆件 12上(如图 2所示), 这样就保证 了水射流喷嘴 6始终指向正上方或与正上方呈一定所需偏角的斜上方, 使得系统可以适应 斜煤层开采等各种工况, 获得理想的工作状态。
4、 识别系统在双滚筒采煤机上的安装
目前综合机械化采煤普遍采用的是双滚筒采煤机, 这一节叙述煤岩界面识别系统在双 滚筒采煤机上的安装问题。
由于双滚筒采煤机作业时通常是前滚筒割顶煤, 后滚筒割底煤。 一般而言, 只需前滚 筒的一套煤岩界面识别系统处于工作状态即可, 所以两套煤岩界面识别系统可以共用一组 高压水发生设备 3, 如图 4所示。 采煤机向右行进时, 右侧滚筒作为前滚筒实施割顶煤, 左侧滚筒作为后滚筒实施割底煤, 所以阀门 16打开, 阀门 17关闭, 右侧煤岩界面识别系 统工作。 当采煤机右行至巷道末端而准备折返时, 左侧滚筒升高作为前滚筒实施割顶煤, 右侧滚筒降低作为后滚筒实施割底煤, 此时先打开阀门 17, 然后关闭阀门 16, 右侧煤岩 界面识别系统停止工作, 左侧煤岩界面识别系统启动。 当采煤机左行至巷道末端而准备折 返时, 重复上述左右识别系统的切换操作。 切换左右识别系统时, 两侧阀门 16与 17不可 同时关闭, 以免对高压水发生设备造成巨大冲击。此处的两个阀门 16与 17也可用一个三 通阀替代, 实现类似的打开阀门与关闭阀门操作。
5、 水的回收利用与节水方案
在坡度较小、 较平坦的作业面上, 水射流长时间喷射会造成水的淤积, 尤其是喷射流 量较大的情况下。 粘土质矿层受到水的浸泡后可能引发一系列的问题, 美国就曾发生过两 起水采矿井因水淤积造成塌方的矿难事故。 另外, 由于作业过程中水射流长时间的喷射将 会消耗不少水资源。 所以从安全和节约两个角度考虑, 可以对喷射水做适当的回收处理并 循环使用。 回收方案比较简单, 当作业面出现积水情况后, 用专用的泵将其抽走, 经过沉 降和多级过滤后可以作为识别系统的水源被再次利用。 这样既保证了安全又节约了资源。
另外一项可选的节水方案是, 喷嘴只在采煤机摇臂上升同时滚筒截齿快接近顶板岩石 层时才喷射高压水流, 而在其他时刻 (如: 在采煤机摇臂下降过程中或滚筒截齿远离顶板 岩石层时) 停止喷射高压水流。
6、 采煤机摇臂自动调高控制
基于上述的煤岩界面识别系统, 即可实现采煤机摇臂自动调高控制。 实施方案涉及的 硬件设备有: 上述的煤岩界面识别系统和负责摇臂升降的液压系统。
实施方案的基本思想是: 煤岩界面识别系统喷射水射流, 摇臂上升过程中, 当滚筒与 顶板岩层距离达到设定的保留厚度时, 控制器会立刻监测到并向液压系统发出命令, 摇臂
即开始下降, 当摇臂下降到最低位置后, 液压系统开始将摇臂向上升, 进入下一循环。 控 制器的决策控制过程由软件实现。
在某个巷道开采之前,首先确定该巷道的围岩类型及硬度,可以通过现场试验的方法, 确定一组可以穿透煤层而不能穿透岩石层的水射流压力等级并选择合适的喷嘴。 然后, 根 据需要保留顶煤的厚度, 现场实验确定压力传感器 (或位移传感器) 的阈值。 即当喷嘴与 岩层距离刚好达到保留厚度时, 记录此时传感器的输出值, 并将该值写入控制器的决策控 制软件中。 喷嘴顶端如果略低于滚筒截齿 101顶端而存在高度差, 则顶煤保留厚度的参数 应增加上述高度差给予补偿。
控制器 5的决策控制软件流程图如图 5所示。控制系统启动后,首先进行系统初始化, 然后启动高压水发生设备 3, 识别系统开始喷射水射流, 控制器 5随即开始读入压力传感 器 (或位移传感器) 的数据。 当滚筒与岩层的距离达到顶煤保留厚度时, 即传感器的数据 达到阈值时, 控制器立刻向液压系统发出命令, 液压缸 103收縮, 摇臂 102开始下降。 摇 臂下降至最低位置之后开始上升, 进入下一循环。
上述具体实施方式用来解释说明本发明, 仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 而不是对本 发明进行限制, 在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内, 对本发明作出的任何修改、 等 同替换、 改进等, 都落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims
1、 煤岩界面识别方法, 其特征在于所述方法在采煤机的滚筒附近或滚筒中提供射流, 所述射流向上方的煤层喷射, 所述射流具有的能量可以切割穿透所述煤层而不能穿透煤层 后的岩石层, 所述射流的喷嘴与滚筒同步升高; 所述射流的介质可以是水或以水为主体; 获得射流被所述岩石层反射的反射流对喷嘴的作用力值, 并实时传送给控制装置, 根 据该作用力的大小测算滚筒是否已接近煤岩界面, 如已接近煤岩界面, 则控制采煤机摇臂 下降。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的煤岩界面识别方法, 其特征在于它利用反射流对喷嘴的作用 力能使喷嘴有向后退縮的趋势或向后位移, 采用压力传感器或位移传感器进行感知以获得 所述作用力值。
3、 实现权利要求 1所述方法的煤岩界面识别系统, 其特征在于它设有识别探头、 控 制器; 所述识别探头设有指向上方的射流喷嘴, 所述射流喷嘴处在滚筒附近或滚筒中并可 与滚筒同步升降, 所述识别探头设有压力传感器或位移传感器的敏感元件, 用来感知射流 被煤层后的岩石层所反射的反射流对所述喷嘴的作用力或感知因该作用力而使喷嘴后退 位移的距离, 并实时将信号传送给控制器; 所述控制器根据所述压力传感器或位移传感器 的与反射流作用力值对应的信号, 经比较, 控制采煤机摇臂驱动装置工作, 所述识别系统 还设有射流压力的调节装置。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的煤岩界面识别系统, 其特征在于所述识别探头设置在采煤机 摇臂上。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的煤岩界面识别系统, 其特征在于它在采煤机摇臂上提供平行 铰链四连杆, 所述四连杆的其中一杆为固定杆, 安装所述喷嘴所需要的安装座固定在与所 述固定杆处于对边位置的杆上, 所述摇臂为上述两杆之外的四连杆中的另一杆。
6、 如权利要求 3、 4或 5所述的煤岩界面识别系统, 其特征在于所述喷嘴卡在压力传 感器或位移传感器的敏感元件上。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的煤岩界面识别系统, 其特征在于所述敏感元件呈垫圈状, 所 述敏感元件放在喷嘴的安装座上, 所述喷嘴具有垂直于喷射方向的凸出环, 所述喷嘴穿过 所述敏感元件插入安装座, 所述凸出环卡在所述垫圈状敏感元件上。
8、 实现权利要求 1所述方法的煤岩界面识别探头, 其特征在于它设有射流喷嘴, 所 述识别探头还设有压力传感器或位移传感器的敏感元件, 用来感知射流被煤层后的岩石层 所反射的反射流对所述喷嘴的作用力或感知因该作用力而使喷嘴后退位移的距离。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的煤岩界面识别探头, 其特征在于所述喷嘴卡在压力传感器或 位移传感器的敏感元件上。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的煤岩界面识别探头, 其特征在于所述敏感元件呈垫圈状, 所 述敏感元件放在喷嘴的安装座上, 所述喷嘴具有垂直于喷射方向的凸出环, 所述喷嘴穿过 所述敏感元件插入安装座, 所述凸出环卡在所述垫圈状敏感元件上。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010251520.1 | 2010-08-12 | ||
| CN201010251520.1A CN101922290B (zh) | 2010-08-12 | 2010-08-12 | 煤岩界面识别方法、识别系统及识别探头 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012019474A1 true WO2012019474A1 (zh) | 2012-02-16 |
Family
ID=43337470
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2011/074240 Ceased WO2012019474A1 (zh) | 2010-08-12 | 2011-05-18 | 煤岩界面识别方法、识别系统及识别探头 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101922290B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2012019474A1 (zh) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103452556A (zh) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-12-18 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院 | 连续采煤机变频行走控制装置 |
| US10180336B2 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2019-01-15 | Joy Global Underground Mining Llc | Support structure for rotary sensor |
| CN114033414A (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 | 巷道掘进系统 |
| CN116816442A (zh) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-09-29 | 中煤科工集团信息技术有限公司 | 一种露天煤矿岩层探测系统及方法 |
| CN119724423A (zh) * | 2024-12-04 | 2025-03-28 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种综采工作面煤岩界面模拟识别方法及智能采煤机 |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101922290B (zh) * | 2010-08-12 | 2014-01-29 | 浙江大学 | 煤岩界面识别方法、识别系统及识别探头 |
| CN104564157A (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | 一种适用于综放工作面顶煤放落的煤岩性状识别传感装置 |
| CN104695953B (zh) * | 2015-02-15 | 2016-06-15 | 山东科技大学 | 一种实现滚筒自动调高的采煤机及其工作方法 |
| CN104695957B (zh) * | 2015-02-15 | 2016-06-15 | 山东科技大学 | 一种采煤机滚筒自动调高控制系统及其工作方法 |
| CN107387060A (zh) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-24 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种指导综采机顶煤开采方法 |
| CN107575226B (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-07-05 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | 一种煤岩硬度等级在线识别截割头及使用方法 |
| CN109539963B (zh) * | 2019-01-16 | 2021-01-26 | 珠海市精实测控技术有限公司 | 一种基于动量定理的振动位移测试方法 |
| CN113339074B (zh) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-07-25 | 国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | 一种综采工作面煤岩识别探测系统 |
| CN114017119B (zh) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-06-20 | 国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | 一种煤层厚度探测设备及其控制方法 |
| CN114017022B (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-08-25 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 | 掘锚机及掘进系统 |
| CN114017020B (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2024-07-26 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 | 掘进系统及其掘锚机 |
| CN114352275B (zh) * | 2021-12-06 | 2024-04-09 | 北京天玛智控科技股份有限公司 | 一种井下煤矿开采方法 |
| CN114753845B (zh) * | 2022-04-27 | 2025-10-03 | 开滦(集团)有限责任公司电信分公司 | 一种综采工作面的自动化采煤系统装置及采煤方法 |
| CN114961863B (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-02-28 | 中国矿业大学 | 基于自然γ射线的综采面煤岩界面识别方法 |
| CN116556940A (zh) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-08-08 | 重庆大学 | 一种适用于金属矿薄矿脉开采的水力切割装置 |
| CN116446875B (zh) * | 2023-06-05 | 2025-08-08 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种基于采煤机截割振动信号的滚筒自动调节方法 |
| CN118030063B (zh) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-07-02 | 太原科技大学 | 一种基于改进YOLOv5s的煤岩界线识别装置及使用方法 |
| CN118653835B (zh) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-11-12 | 中国矿业大学 | 综采工作面采煤机摇臂高度智能调节方法 |
| CN119122525B (zh) * | 2024-11-13 | 2025-02-18 | 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | 一种工作面分区破煤方法与配套装置 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1382951A1 (ru) * | 1986-06-23 | 1988-03-23 | Институт горного дела им.А.А.Скочинского | Способ контрол положени исполнительного органа горной машины относительно границы порода-уголь |
| SU1511400A1 (ru) * | 1987-02-03 | 1989-09-30 | Московский Геологоразведочный Институт Им.Серго Орджоникидзе | Способ извлечени материалов из обводненных горизонтов |
| CN101663462A (zh) * | 2007-04-26 | 2010-03-03 | 布西鲁斯Dbt欧洲有限公司 | 用于确定采矿系统的挖掘水准线的装置,及其溜槽元件 |
| CN101922290A (zh) * | 2010-08-12 | 2010-12-22 | 浙江大学 | 煤岩界面识别方法、识别系统及识别探头 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3818588A1 (de) * | 1988-06-01 | 1989-12-07 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Verfahren und anordnung zur unterscheidung unterschiedlicher materialien |
-
2010
- 2010-08-12 CN CN201010251520.1A patent/CN101922290B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-05-18 WO PCT/CN2011/074240 patent/WO2012019474A1/zh not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1382951A1 (ru) * | 1986-06-23 | 1988-03-23 | Институт горного дела им.А.А.Скочинского | Способ контрол положени исполнительного органа горной машины относительно границы порода-уголь |
| SU1511400A1 (ru) * | 1987-02-03 | 1989-09-30 | Московский Геологоразведочный Институт Им.Серго Орджоникидзе | Способ извлечени материалов из обводненных горизонтов |
| CN101663462A (zh) * | 2007-04-26 | 2010-03-03 | 布西鲁斯Dbt欧洲有限公司 | 用于确定采矿系统的挖掘水准线的装置,及其溜槽元件 |
| CN101922290A (zh) * | 2010-08-12 | 2010-12-22 | 浙江大学 | 煤岩界面识别方法、识别系统及识别探头 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| QIN, JIANQIU ET AL.: "SENSING TECHNIQUE FOR RECOGNIZING COAL-ROCK INTERFACE", COLLIERY MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY, February 1993 (1993-02-01) * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103452556A (zh) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-12-18 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院 | 连续采煤机变频行走控制装置 |
| US10180336B2 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2019-01-15 | Joy Global Underground Mining Llc | Support structure for rotary sensor |
| CN114033414A (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 | 巷道掘进系统 |
| CN114033414B (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-08-25 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 | 巷道掘进系统 |
| CN116816442A (zh) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-09-29 | 中煤科工集团信息技术有限公司 | 一种露天煤矿岩层探测系统及方法 |
| CN119724423A (zh) * | 2024-12-04 | 2025-03-28 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种综采工作面煤岩界面模拟识别方法及智能采煤机 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101922290B (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
| CN101922290A (zh) | 2010-12-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2012019474A1 (zh) | 煤岩界面识别方法、识别系统及识别探头 | |
| CN104481587B (zh) | 大采深、大跨度综放采煤工作面顶板砂岩裂隙水探防方法 | |
| CN114876486B (zh) | 一种巷隧道掘进机器人及自动截割控制方法 | |
| CN110439586B (zh) | 非爆破式矿井巷道水切割掘进方法 | |
| CN111828031B (zh) | 敞开式tbm隧道软弱破碎富水地层掌子面定向加固方法 | |
| CN108661641A (zh) | 一种基于切顶卸压预防顺槽采空区长距离悬顶的方法 | |
| CN209670976U (zh) | 一种利用加压水破岩的掘进机 | |
| CN113818892A (zh) | 一种破岩掘进装置及其破岩方法 | |
| CN103726844A (zh) | 基于采煤工作面的自动采煤方法 | |
| CN110344827B (zh) | 等离子体弱化下伏煤层开采厚硬顶板强矿压的方法和装置 | |
| CN110388206A (zh) | 一种等离子体上行致裂残采区遗留煤柱的方法和装置 | |
| CN106761831A (zh) | 一种tbm新型混喷器 | |
| CN107843294A (zh) | 一种移动式全覆盖盾构滚刀磨损监测装置 | |
| CN104196449A (zh) | 钻井法凿井垂直钻进钻具 | |
| Feng et al. | Development of high-power microwave mechanical integrated continuous mining device | |
| CN210829265U (zh) | 特大倾角中厚煤层放顶煤开采系统 | |
| CN203097721U (zh) | 高能冲击破岩pdc钻头 | |
| CN202745867U (zh) | 水刀采煤机 | |
| CN212272205U (zh) | 一种盾构隧道洞门切割装置 | |
| CN110344828B (zh) | 等离子体l式消减厚硬顶板及遗留煤柱复合强矿压的方法 | |
| CN103195434A (zh) | 一种加装于硬岩掘进机的液压冲击锤装置及硬岩掘进方法 | |
| CN105952448B (zh) | 厚煤层煌斑岩水平分段水压致裂化学改性方法 | |
| CN118933829B (zh) | 一种双悬臂式高压水射流掘进机及其工作方法 | |
| Machin et al. | State-of-the-art jet trenching analysis in stiff clays | |
| NL2038100B1 (en) | Hard rock crushing device suitable for rock burst prone environment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11816033 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 11816033 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |