WO2012016326A1 - Biological method to reduce wetwood content in green lumber - Google Patents
Biological method to reduce wetwood content in green lumber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012016326A1 WO2012016326A1 PCT/CA2011/000874 CA2011000874W WO2012016326A1 WO 2012016326 A1 WO2012016326 A1 WO 2012016326A1 CA 2011000874 W CA2011000874 W CA 2011000874W WO 2012016326 A1 WO2012016326 A1 WO 2012016326A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- boards
- wetwood
- lumber
- green lumber
- fungal species
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/002—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process employing compositions comprising microorganisms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for reducing wetwood content from green lumber including freshly-sawn lumber with a fungal species, prior to kiln drying.
- Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are the main components of wood cell walls, and the chemical structure and interrelationships of these components in wood cells are well known (Zabel and Morrell 1992).
- pectin is another polymer commonly located in the middle lamella and primary cell wall of trees, and acts as a cementing substance there (Schink et al. 1981a).
- Several anaerobic fermentative bacteria produce pectinolytic enzymes that destruct vessel and ray pit membranes of wood (Schink et al. 1981b). The reproduction and metabolites of these bacteria form a foetid liquid in wood, which results in a high moisture content of the wetwood.
- wetwood causes serious problems for lumber drying and utilization. The economic losses resulting from this defect are enormous. If wetwood problem can be solved, the value of lumber will be increased and the benefit for sawmills will be significant. Based on a conservative estimate, if lumber grade recovery can be increased by 5% and drying times can be reduced by 15% with a defined method (Linares-Hernandez and Wengert 1997), a sawmill producing 100 MMfbm per year with 20% lumber containing wetwood would save over $500,000 per year.
- This invention seeks to provide a method of reducing wetwood content in green lumber or freshly-sawn lumber.
- This invention also seeks to provide a method for producing a dried lumber from a green lumber having a wetwood content.
- the invention also seeks to provide a treated green lumber.
- Still further the invention seeks to provide a dried green lumber.
- a method of reducing wetwood content in green lumber comprising treating the green lumber with at least one fungal species in water or in an alkaline solution.
- a method of producing a dried lumber comprising: treating a green lumber having a wetwood content with at least one fungal species in water or in an alkaline solution; allowing the at least one fungal species to reduce the moisture content of the green lumber; and kiln drying the green lumber of reduced moisture content.
- the present invention provides an effective method for reducing wetwood content of freshly-sawn lumber or green lumber with a selected fungal species.
- the invention also provides the method of producing a treatment solution for wetwood using P. gigantea or G. roseum as inoculum. Furthermore, the invention provides a treating process of unseasoned softwood lumbers.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph illustrating growth of a wetwood causal bacterium (B-a) and a promising fungal candidate ⁇ Phlebiopsis gigantea) in 2% malt extract agar plates in an antagonistic test (Example 1).
- the photograph shows the antagonist test with the most promising candidate Phlebiopsis gigantea (bottom 2 plates) against wetwood causal agent B-a (upper plate) in agar plates.
- This invention relates to a method which uses a biological agent to treat lumber containing wetwood to reduce water content before kiln drying, and represents a new concept for wetwood drying.
- Wetwood causal bacteria secrete enzymes to degrade pectic substances into monomers, acetic acid, and fatty acids (Schink et al. 1981a). These substances can be utilised by certain fungal species. Some fungi are also able to produce antibiotics to kill bacteria. Because of the anti-bacterial activities of fungi, the foetid liquid in wood can be utilised, and wood vessels can be cleaned by fungal colonization. Consequently, in accordance with the invention, the permeability of wetwood can be increased, the lumber drying time can be reduced and the lumber quality can be improved.
- Suitable fungal species include Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jiilich and Gliocladium roseum Bainier; as well as combinations of these.
- the selected fungal species used in this invention are Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jiilich (FTK 897B) isolated from balsam fir logs, and Gliocladium roseum Bainier (FTK 321U) isolated from root of carrot (deposited in Forintek Culture Collection of Wood-inhabiting Fungi).
- the fungal species may be applied in an aqueous vehicle, typically water or an aquous alkaline solution.
- alkalinity may be obtained by alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates, for example sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
- the fungal species may be applied by immersing the green lumber in a solution of the fungal species, by spraying the green lumber with the solution or by roller application and the like.
- the treated green lumber may suitably be stored preferably under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity while reduction of the water content by the fungal species proceeds. Thereafter the green lumber is suitably kiln dried to further reduce the water content.
- the mechanism of this invention is that the fungal species absorbs water from the bacteria-formed wetwood in the green lumber, at the same time the fungal species clears bacteria-blocked wood vessels in the green lumber and makes the wood more permeable for water evaporation.
- a period of time for lumber storage after the treatment allows the fungal species to penetrate into the wood of the green lumber to absorb water and clear the wood vessels. While the invention has been particularly described by reference to two fungal species it will be understood that these are merely illustrative and the invention extends to other fungal species which grow or metabolise while absorbing water from bacteria- formed wetwood in the green lumber.
- Example 1 describes a test on selection of fungal candidates in agar plates
- Example 2 describes a laboratory test of the selected wetwood control candidates on lumber
- Example 3 describes a field test of the selected wetwood control candidates.
- WCA wetwood causal agents
- A-a a bacterium isolated from wetwood of aspen
- A-c a yeast isolated from wetwood of aspen
- B-a a bacterium isolated from wetwood of balsam fir
- Y-2 a yeast isolated from wetwood of balsam fir
- SaB-2 a bacterium isolated from wetwood of sub-alpine fir
- SaY-4 a mixture of a yeast and a bacterium isolated from wetwood of sub-alpine fir.
- the tests were conducted in Petri plates containing a 2% malt extract agar medium (MEA). Each bacterium was inoculated at 3 points that were 2 cm away from the edge of the plate. All plates were incubated at 25°C for 3 days, and then a mycelium plug of the test fungus, either Phlebiopsis gigantea or Gliocladium roseum, was placed in the center of each plate. Three replicates were used for each combination. The plates were placed back in a growth chamber at 25°C, and the competition reaction between the two micro-organisms was observed at 3, 7, 1 1 , and 15 days. Results showed that wetwood causal organisms grew well on MEA plates prior to challenge with antagonistic fungi.
- MEA malt extract agar medium
- This example examined the efficacy of the treatments of wetwood lumber with selected wetwood control candidates in the laboratory conditions.
- the selected fungal species Phlebiopsis gigantea and Gliocladium roseum, were cultured in 1 -L flasks containing 500 ml of 1.5% malt extract broth medium. The flasks were incubated on a shaker (120 rpm) at 25°C for 14 days, then, mycelia mass inside the flask was ground into a fungal suspension with a homogenizer. The fungal suspension was adjusted to 1 x 10 6 segments/ml.
- a total of 120 boards of black spruce, jack pine and balsam fir (SPF, mostly balsam fir, 2 x 4 inch x 2 feet,) with heavy wetwood were labelled and weighed individually and put in 3 groups, 40 boards each.
- Two groups of boards were treated with the 2 fungi (each group was treated with 1 fungus); dipping boards 1 minute in a fungal suspension. The solution pick-up was measured as 1400ml/40 boards.
- 20 boards in each test group were wrapped with a plastic sheet on its 4 sides without stickers between boards. Two bundles of boards in the same treatment group were piled together with stickers between bundles in an environmentally controlled chamber at 20°C and 70% RH.
- Moisture content (MC) of boards at different times of kiln drying in the field test * Percent rated unacceptable Table 5.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2807106A CA2807106C (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-07-27 | Biological method to reduce wetwood content in green lumber |
US13/813,274 US9078848B2 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-07-27 | Biological method to reduce wetwood content in green lumber |
CN201180045096.8A CN103328169B (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-07-27 | Reduce the biological method of wetwood content in greenwood |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US34449310P | 2010-08-06 | 2010-08-06 | |
US61/344,493 | 2010-08-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012016326A1 true WO2012016326A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
Family
ID=45558879
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA2011/000874 WO2012016326A1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-07-27 | Biological method to reduce wetwood content in green lumber |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN103328169B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2807106C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012016326A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2274481A1 (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 1999-11-26 | Forintek Canada Corporation | Integrated method for protecting logs and green lumber from sapstain, mould, and decay |
US6475566B1 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2002-11-05 | Lignocell Holz-Biotechnologie Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Processing for improving the impregnability of wood by pretreatment with fungi |
US20060246570A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2006-11-02 | Farrell Roberta L | Isolation and use of decay fungi |
-
2011
- 2011-07-27 CA CA2807106A patent/CA2807106C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-27 WO PCT/CA2011/000874 patent/WO2012016326A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-27 CN CN201180045096.8A patent/CN103328169B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6475566B1 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2002-11-05 | Lignocell Holz-Biotechnologie Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Processing for improving the impregnability of wood by pretreatment with fungi |
CA2274481A1 (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 1999-11-26 | Forintek Canada Corporation | Integrated method for protecting logs and green lumber from sapstain, mould, and decay |
US20060246570A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2006-11-02 | Farrell Roberta L | Isolation and use of decay fungi |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
BEHRENDT ET AL.: "Biological processing of pine logs for pulp and paper production with Phlebiopsis gigantea", JOURNAL OF APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, May 1997 (1997-05-01), pages 1995 - 2000 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2807106A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
CN103328169A (en) | 2013-09-25 |
CN103328169B (en) | 2016-02-24 |
CA2807106C (en) | 2015-11-24 |
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