WO2012011119A1 - Pressure propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker interrupter - Google Patents
Pressure propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker interrupter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012011119A1 WO2012011119A1 PCT/IN2011/000353 IN2011000353W WO2012011119A1 WO 2012011119 A1 WO2012011119 A1 WO 2012011119A1 IN 2011000353 W IN2011000353 W IN 2011000353W WO 2012011119 A1 WO2012011119 A1 WO 2012011119A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- arcing contact
- gas
- circuit breaker
- fixed
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
- H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
- H01H33/904—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism characterised by the transmission between operating mechanism and piston or movable contact
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H2033/028—Details the cooperating contacts being both actuated simultaneously in opposite directions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
- H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a process of current interruption in a gas circuit breaker. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker.
- Puffer type gas circuit breakers are employed to interrupt normal and short circuit current generated during fault conditions in a high voltage transmission system.
- gas is stored in an enclosure at a predetermined high pressure and further compressed by a cylinder piston to a higher pressure in a compression chamber generally termed as a puffer or blast cylinder.
- the compressed gas from the blast cylinder is discharged through an insulating nozzle at a very high velocity to blow out the high temperature arc plasma that is struck between a pair of arcing contacts.
- the arc that is surrounded by the envelope of high pressure gas eventually gets lengthened and quenched to interrupt the flow of current.
- Indian Patent No.217361 disclosed a puffer type gas circuit breaker with movable piston and metallic blast cylinder in which the moving piston compresses the gas within a fixed metallic blast cylinder as opposed to the then state of art circuit breakers, wherein a moving cylinder compresses the gas against a fixed piston.
- the gap between the two arcing contacts at the instant of current interruption is one of the factors for determining the total time required for arc extinction inside the interrupter and designated as the arcing time of the interrupter.
- the relative speed between the contacts has to be improved by increasing the energy supplied by the operating mechanism which in turn imposes additional stresses on the operating mechanism and the movable system. The restrictions on speed thus imposed, limits the scope for achieving further reduction in the arcing time of the interrupter for a given configuration.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker, which ensures a higher relative speed between the contacts in a process of current interruption without increasing the energy input to the operating mechanism.
- a still another object of the invention is to propose a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker, which enables to reduce the arcing time of the GCB for a given configuration of the gas circuit-breaker.
- Yet another object of the invention is to propose a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker, which improves the voltage withstanding capability of the interrupter at the instant of current interruption by increasing the gap between the fixed and moving arcing contacts at a faster rate by causing a movement of the designated fixed arcing contact in a direction opposite to that of the movable arcing contact.
- a further object of the invention is to propose a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker, which is enabled to improve voltage withstanding capacity of the interrupter after current interruption for a given energy level of the operating mechanism.
- a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker comprising a movable piston in a metallic blast cylinder for interrupting high electric current; a pressure propelled fixed arcing contact means; and a movable contact means enabled to move in opposed directions.
- the invented system is capable to achieve improved interruption and reduce the arcing time during current interruption process in a gas circuit breaker interrupter.
- a movement of the designated fixed arcing contact facilitates early expulsion of arced gas through the throat of the insulated nozzle resulting in faster current interruption.
- An increased gap enables a higher voltage withstanding capability of the Circuit breaker interrupter during the process of current interruption.
- the inventive system with a dual contact movement improves the interrupting capability in terms of higher voltage withstandabllity, lower arcing time at higher currents without any additional mechanical energy input to the operating mechanism of the Circuit breaker.
- Figure 1 represents a puffer interrupter for gas circuit breaker with a moving Piston, a metallic blast cylinder, and an insulating nozzle with a designated fixed arcing contact according to the prior art.
- Figure 2 represents a puffer interrupter for gas circuit breaker with a moving piston, a metallic blast cylinder, and an insulating nozzle with a pressure propelled fixed arcing contact means in which movement of the designated fixed arcing contact is effected in a direction opposite to that of the designated movable contact by the pressure generated during the process of current interruption, according to the invention.
- Figure 3 represents a detailed view of the pressure propelled fixed arcing contact means indicating the movement of the contact means during current interruption including the direction of movements of both the arcing contacts according to the present invention.
- Figure 4 represents the detailed construction of the pressure propelled fixed arcing contact system according to the invention.
- the prior art interrupter for gas circuit breaker comprises an insulating chamber (1); a fixed contact system (2); a moving contact system (3); a fixed contact terminal (4); a movable contact terminal (5); a fixed contact support (6); a normal current contact (7); a designated fixed arcing contact (8); a high voltage shield (9); a movable contact support (10); a metallic blast cylinder (11); a movable piston (12); an insulating nozzle (13); a moving arcing contact (14); a link to operating mechanism (15); and a movable contact tube (16).
- the isolating gap and the corresponding volume are represented respectively by the alphabets W A" and W B" in figure 1.
- Gas is stored at a high pressure in the insulating chamber (1), and the gas is further compressed to higher pressure inside the metallic blast chamber (11) and the movable piston (12) effects the gas compression.
- the insulating nozzle (13) blows the high pressure compressed gas over the high temperature arc that is stuck between the pair of designated fixed (8) and moving (14) arcing contacts.
- the present invention achieves an increase in the relative speed including an improved gap between the two arcing contacts by providing an additional movement ( ⁇ ' shown in figure 3) in the designated fixed arcing contact with the help of a differential pressure generated due to the cylinder-piston action in a puffer type interrupter. Additionally, the magnitude of the differential pressure thus generated is increased due to the heat generated during the process of arc interruption, thereby further assisting the movement of the designated fixed arcing contact (8).
- Figure (3) shows the detailed view of the present invention showing the relative directions of movements of the designated fixed arcing contact (upward arrow) and movable arcing contact (downward arrow).
- the designated fixed arcing contact (8) moves against a compression spring (18) due to the differential pressure developed during the current interruption process.
- This compression spring (18) enables the designated fixed arcing contact (8) to restore to its initial position after completion of the process of current interruption or arc extinction.
- the constituent components of the interrupter are shown in figure (2).
- the improvement on the prior art of figure 1 is characterized by
- This additional gap enables faster building-up of dielectric across the contact gap and there by shorten the arcing time during current interruption.
- the total fault current duration in the electrical network is reduced, improving the system reliability.
Abstract
The invention relates to a pressure-propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker interrupter, comprising : an insulating chamber for storage of gas; a metallic blast cylinder having a movable piston for pressurizing the gas supplied from the insulating chamber; an insulating nozzle for blowing compressed gas over a high temperature arc when formed due to electrical fault between a pair of designated fixed contact means, and a moving arcing contact means; Characterized in that the designated fixed arcing contact is configured as movable due to a differential pressure generated during the current interruption process, in that a compression ring is provided to the fixed arcing contact to increase the relative speed between the fixed arcing contact and the moving arcing contact, and in that a substantially physical coupling between the contacts is achieved due to elimination of the gap between the contacts.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION :
The present invention generally relates to a process of current interruption in a gas circuit breaker. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION :
Puffer type gas circuit breakers are employed to interrupt normal and short circuit current generated during fault conditions in a high voltage transmission system. In a puffer type gas circuit breaker with insulating nozzle, gas is stored in an enclosure at a predetermined high pressure and further compressed by a cylinder piston to a higher pressure in a compression chamber generally termed as a puffer or blast cylinder. The compressed gas from the blast cylinder is discharged through an insulating nozzle at a very high velocity to blow out the high temperature arc plasma that is struck between a pair of arcing contacts. The arc that is surrounded by the envelope of high pressure gas eventually gets lengthened and quenched to interrupt the flow of current.
Indian Patent No.217361 disclosed a puffer type gas circuit breaker with movable piston and metallic blast cylinder in which the moving piston compresses the gas within a fixed metallic blast cylinder as opposed to the then state of art circuit breakers, wherein a moving cylinder compresses the gas against a fixed piston.
In the interrupter of the gas circuit breaker disclosed in the prior patent No.217361 during the process of current interruption formation of an insulating gap between a designated fixed arcing contact and the moving arcing contact is entirely governed by the movement of the movable arcing contact. The movable ...
arcing contact is driven by a circuit breaker operating mechanism. At any instant, the speed of the movable contact for a given mass depends on the energy supplied by the operating mechanism. During the process of current interruption, the gap between the movable and fixed arcing contacts is dependent on the speed of the movable contact. At the point of current interruption, this gap plays a major role in withstanding the transient recovery voltage for a successful current interruption. Thus, the gap between the two arcing contacts at the instant of current interruption is one of the factors for determining the total time required for arc extinction inside the interrupter and designated as the arcing time of the interrupter. In order to achieve a lower arcing time, the relative speed between the contacts has to be improved by increasing the energy supplied by the operating mechanism which in turn imposes additional stresses on the operating mechanism and the movable system. The restrictions on speed thus imposed, limits the scope for achieving further reduction in the arcing time of the interrupter for a given configuration.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION :
It is therefore an object of the invention, to propose a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker, during the process current interruption, which imparts movements to the designated fixed contacts which is additional to the actuation provided to the moving contact by the operating mechanism.
Another object of the invention is to propose a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker, which ensures a higher relative speed between the contacts in a process of current interruption without increasing the energy input to the operating mechanism.
A still another object of the invention is to propose a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker, which enables to reduce the arcing time of the GCB for a given configuration of the gas circuit-breaker.
Yet another object of the invention is to propose a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker, which improves the voltage withstanding capability of the interrupter at the instant of current interruption by increasing the gap between the fixed and moving arcing contacts at a faster rate by causing a movement of the designated fixed arcing contact in a direction opposite to that of the movable arcing contact.
A further object of the invention is to propose a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker, which is enabled to improve voltage withstanding capacity of the interrupter after current interruption for a given energy level of the operating mechanism.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION :
Accordingly there is provided a pressure - propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker, comprising a movable piston in a metallic blast cylinder for interrupting high electric current; a pressure propelled fixed arcing contact means; and a movable contact means enabled to move in opposed directions. The invented system is capable to achieve improved interruption and reduce the arcing time during current interruption process in a gas circuit breaker interrupter.
According to the invention, a movement of the designated fixed arcing contact facilitates early expulsion of arced gas through the throat of the insulated nozzle resulting in faster current interruption.
An increased gap enables a higher voltage withstanding capability of the Circuit breaker interrupter during the process of current interruption.
The inventive system with a dual contact movement improves the interrupting capability in terms of higher voltage withstandabllity, lower arcing time at higher currents without any additional mechanical energy input to the operating mechanism of the Circuit breaker.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS :
The proposed invention will be better understood from the description with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 represents a puffer interrupter for gas circuit breaker with a moving Piston, a metallic blast cylinder, and an insulating nozzle with a designated fixed arcing contact according to the prior art.
Figure 2 represents a puffer interrupter for gas circuit breaker with a moving piston, a metallic blast cylinder, and an insulating nozzle with a pressure propelled fixed arcing contact means in which movement of the designated fixed arcing contact is effected in a direction opposite to that of the designated movable contact by the pressure generated during the process of current interruption, according to the invention.
Figure 3 represents a detailed view of the pressure propelled fixed arcing contact means indicating the movement of the contact means during current interruption including the direction of movements of both the arcing contacts according to the present invention.
Figure 4 represents the detailed construction of the pressure propelled fixed arcing contact system according to the invention.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION :
An embodiment of the invention as depicted in the accompanying drawings will now be described. However, there can be several other embodiments of the same invention, all of which are deemed covered by this description.
As shown in figure 1, the prior art interrupter for gas circuit breaker comprises an insulating chamber (1); a fixed contact system (2); a moving contact system (3); a fixed contact terminal (4); a movable contact terminal (5); a fixed contact support (6); a normal current contact (7); a designated fixed arcing contact (8); a high voltage shield (9); a movable contact support (10); a metallic blast cylinder (11); a movable piston (12); an insulating nozzle (13); a moving arcing contact (14); a link to operating mechanism (15); and a movable contact tube (16). The isolating gap and the corresponding volume are represented respectively by the alphabets WA" and WB" in figure 1.
Gas is stored at a high pressure in the insulating chamber (1), and the gas is further compressed to higher pressure inside the metallic blast chamber (11) and the movable piston (12) effects the gas compression. The insulating nozzle (13) blows the high pressure compressed gas over the high temperature arc that is stuck between the pair of designated fixed (8) and moving (14) arcing contacts.
The efficiency of a gas circuit breaker depends upon how quickly the high temperature arc can be extinguished or "blown out".
For the prior art, circuit breakers, which blow out an arc with compressed gas, the breaking capacity is depended on unidirectional movement of the movable contact system (3) only and such unidirectional movement limits the relative speed and the gap between both the arcing contacts which play a vital role in the process and capacity of current interruption. Interrupting capability and arc extinction can be effected more easily and quickly, if the relative speed and gap between the two arcing contacts are increased during current interruption/arc extinction.
The present invention achieves an increase in the relative speed including an improved gap between the two arcing contacts by providing an additional movement (Έ' shown in figure 3) in the designated fixed arcing contact with the help of a differential pressure generated due to the cylinder-piston action in a puffer type interrupter. Additionally, the magnitude of the differential pressure thus generated is increased due to the heat generated during the process of arc interruption, thereby further assisting the movement of the designated fixed arcing contact (8).
Figure (3) shows the detailed view of the present invention showing the relative directions of movements of the designated fixed arcing contact (upward arrow) and movable arcing contact (downward arrow). The designated fixed arcing contact (8) moves against a compression spring (18) due to the differential pressure developed during the current interruption process. This compression spring (18) enables the designated fixed arcing contact (8) to restore to its initial position after completion of the process of current interruption or arc extinction. The constituent components of the interrupter are shown in figure (2).
The improvement on the prior art of figure 1 is characterized by
(a) additional movement (E) in the designated fixed arcing contact (8).
(b) a compression spring (18) fitted in the designated fixed arcing contact (8) as shown in figure (3) to facilitate the additional movement and improve the relative speed between the two arcing contacts (8 & 14) without any physical coupling to the movable contact system.
This additional gap enables faster building-up of dielectric across the contact gap and there by shorten the arcing time during current interruption. Thus by providing the designated pressure propelled fixed arcing contact system, the total fault current duration in the electrical network is reduced, improving the system reliability.
Claims
1. A pressure-propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker interrupter, comprising :
- an insulating chamber for storage of gas;
- a metallic blast cylinder having a movable piston for pressurizing the gas supplied from the insulating chamber;
- an insulating nozzle for blowing compressed gas over a high temperature arc when formed due to electrical fault between a pair of designated fixed contact means, and a moving arcing contact means;
Characterized in that the designated fixed arcing contact is configured as movable so as to move due to a differential and arc pressure generated during the current interruption process, in that a compression spring is provided to the fixed arcing contact to facilitate increase the relative speed between the fixed arcing contact and the moving arcing contact, and in that a substantial increase in the gap between the contacts is achieved.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure energy developed during the current interruption is adapted to effect a movement in the designated fixed contact which is attached to the fixed contact support.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insulated nozzle is enabled an early expulsion of the arc gas due to movement in the designated fixed arcing contact.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the increased gap between the two arcing contacts during the state of current interruption enables the gas circuit breaker interrupter to withstand higher voltage.
5. A pressure-propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker interrupter, as substantially described and illustrated herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11746673.0A EP2596513B1 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2011-05-20 | Pressure propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker interrupter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN790/KOL/2010 | 2010-07-20 | ||
| IN790KO2010 | 2010-07-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012011119A1 true WO2012011119A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
Family
ID=44504052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IN2011/000353 WO2012011119A1 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2011-05-20 | Pressure propelled contact system for gas circuit breaker interrupter |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2596513B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012011119A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2582307A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-23 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Switching device for fast disconnection of short-circuit currents |
| CN113330529A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2021-08-31 | 株式会社东芝 | Gas circuit breaker |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4024425A1 (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-06 | Fritz Driescher KG Spezialfabrik für Elektrizitätswerksbedarf GmbH & Co. | Switching device with movable nozzle element |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB946236A (en) * | 1960-05-06 | 1964-01-08 | Reyrolle A & Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to high-voltage gas-blast electric circuit-breakers |
| DE1765325B1 (en) * | 1967-04-14 | 1973-02-15 | Coq Nv | Compressed gas switch |
| US3745283A (en) * | 1970-12-14 | 1973-07-10 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Electrical compression switch |
| EP0785562A1 (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-23 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Circuit breaker having contacts with double movement |
-
2011
- 2011-05-20 EP EP11746673.0A patent/EP2596513B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-05-20 WO PCT/IN2011/000353 patent/WO2012011119A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB946236A (en) * | 1960-05-06 | 1964-01-08 | Reyrolle A & Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to high-voltage gas-blast electric circuit-breakers |
| DE1765325B1 (en) * | 1967-04-14 | 1973-02-15 | Coq Nv | Compressed gas switch |
| US3745283A (en) * | 1970-12-14 | 1973-07-10 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Electrical compression switch |
| EP0785562A1 (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-23 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Circuit breaker having contacts with double movement |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2582307A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-23 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Switching device for fast disconnection of short-circuit currents |
| US11875959B2 (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2024-01-16 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Switching device for fast disconnection of short-circuit currents |
| CN113330529A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2021-08-31 | 株式会社东芝 | Gas circuit breaker |
| EP3944277A4 (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2023-01-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Gas circuit breaker |
| US11764012B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 | 2023-09-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Gas circuit breaker |
| CN113330529B (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2024-04-02 | 株式会社东芝 | Gas circuit breaker |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2596513B1 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
| EP2596513A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
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