WO2012009329A1 - High temperature exterior building products - Google Patents
High temperature exterior building products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012009329A1 WO2012009329A1 PCT/US2011/043661 US2011043661W WO2012009329A1 WO 2012009329 A1 WO2012009329 A1 WO 2012009329A1 US 2011043661 W US2011043661 W US 2011043661W WO 2012009329 A1 WO2012009329 A1 WO 2012009329A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- article
- cpvc
- layer
- composition
- pvc
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004801 Chlorinated PVC Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 229920000457 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002877 acrylic styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002937 thermal insulation foam Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 115
- -1 for example Chemical group 0.000 description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920009204 Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 3
- AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn]CCCC AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002194 fatty esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNPRJHMMOKDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 6-methylheptyl 2-[dibutyl-[2-(6-methylheptoxy)-2-oxoethyl]sulfanylstannyl]sulfanylacetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)CS[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)SCC(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C VNPRJHMMOKDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004614 Process Aid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQTPKSBXMONSJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C1CCCCC1 BQTPKSBXMONSJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003923 2,5-pyrrolediones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIXMWXLDPHIZBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienenitrile Chemical compound N#CC=CC(C)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 LIXMWXLDPHIZBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical class CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAAQEISEHDUIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CC#N.OC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C=CC#N.OC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 YAAQEISEHDUIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004605 External Lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004610 Internal Lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIVJNJNFYIELGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I O.[Mg++].[Al+3].OOC([O-])=O.OOC([O-])=O.OOC([O-])=O.OOC([O-])=O.OOC([O-])=O Chemical compound O.[Mg++].[Al+3].OOC([O-])=O.OOC([O-])=O.OOC([O-])=O.OOC([O-])=O.OOC([O-])=O PIVJNJNFYIELGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- RUSIZKKQGFQEHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O RUSIZKKQGFQEHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZUZXOSWBOBCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polyethylene, oxidized Polymers OC(=O)CCC(=O)C(C)C(O)CCCCC=O AZUZXOSWBOBCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLFRJROMPGNJRP-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(3-sulfanylpropanoyloxy)stannyl] 3-sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCS.[O-]C(=O)CCS.CCCC[Sn+2]CCCC YLFRJROMPGNJRP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XQBCVRSTVUHIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dodecanoyloxy(dioctyl)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC XQBCVRSTVUHIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000027094 acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKAVYBZHOYOUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.CC(=C)C(O)=O.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 LKAVYBZHOYOUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004595 color masterbatch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PWEVMPIIOJUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyltin Chemical compound C[Sn]C PWEVMPIIOJUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002193 fatty amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GJIDOLBZYSCZRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCOC(=O)C=C GJIDOLBZYSCZRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSHCPECZJIEGJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltin Chemical compound [Sn]C CSHCPECZJIEGJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNPFOADIPJWGQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-3-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical class CCCCCC(CC)OC(=O)C=C DNPFOADIPJWGQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/18—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials or with an outer layer of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials; plastic tiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/104—Oxysalt, e.g. carbonate, sulfate, phosphate or nitrate particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0221—Vinyl resin
- B32B2266/0228—Aromatic vinyl resin, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/72—Density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
- Y10T428/249992—Linear or thermoplastic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31913—Monoolefin polymer
- Y10T428/3192—Next to vinyl or vinylidene chloride polymer
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to siding, trim, decking, fencing, roofing and other construction materials suitable for higher temperature applications than standard PVC applications.
- PVC Polyvinyl chloride
- vinyl has become common in use as house siding, trim, decking and fencing. Because of its low cost and ease of installation, PVC has gained wide acceptance as a construction material. However, because of its inability to withstand higher temperatures, PVC siding is used mainly in cooler climates, such as the northern states of the U.S.A. The use of PVC is sometimes avoided in warmer climates, such as exist in the U.S. states of Florida and Arizona.
- PVC is normally sold in white or light pastel colors for construction applications. Dark colors, such as red, black, brown and the like absorb more energy from the sun and cause the temperature of the material to exceed the useable temperature of PVC. Consumers and builders would like the option of using dark colors for some structures.
- Construction materials comprising PVC may benefit from improvements.
- An exemplary embodiment includes an article suitable for outdoor construction applications that comprises an inner layer comprising a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) composition; an outer layer comprising a CPVC composition; and an intermediate layer sandwich between the inner and outer layers.
- An additional weather resistant cap layer may be included over the article outer layer.
- the intermediate layer comprises a PVC, or blended PVC composition.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view end portions of a siding substrate according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the siding substrate without the insulating material taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 1 ;
- Fig. 3 is a sectional view similar to that of Fig. 2 of a siding substrate according to a second embodiment
- Fig. 4 a sectional view similar to that of Fig. 2 of a siding substrate according to a third embodiment.
- Fig. 5A-C are graphs showing the results of an Oven Sag Test for a sample of the siding substrate of the first embodiment and samples of other sidings.
- the articles of some exemplary embodiments are comprised of rigid thermoplastic materials with high heat distortion temperatures. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) compositions may be used to make the articles by using an extrusion process.
- CPVC Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
- a first exemplary embodiment comprises siding 10 used for buildings such as residential buildings and is depicted in Figs. 1 and 2.
- the siding 10 comprises an inner layer 12 comprising a CPVC composition; an outer layer 14 comprising a CPVC composition; and an intermediate layer 16 sandwiched between the inner and outer layers 12, 14.
- the intermediate layer 16 of the exemplary embodiment comprises a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composition.
- the exemplary CPVC material of the siding ranges from 9 to 75 wt. %, preferably 12 to 48 wt. %, and most preferred from 16 to 24 wt. % of the total weight of the CPVC inner and outer layers and the PVC intermediate layer.
- the material of siding 10 of this embodiment contains about 16 wt. % CPVC and in another embodiment the material of siding 10 contains about 24 wt. % CPVC.
- the exemplary siding 10 also includes slots 18 formed at a hem 20 of the siding 10 that are used for hanging the siding.
- the siding may include an optional strip 28 for interlocking with a subsequent piece of siding (such as 10 is shown).
- the siding may also have an insulating member 22 such as foam adhered to the inner layer 12 by adhesive material between the insulating member 22 and the innermost layer 12, and/or a weather resistant cap layer 15 on top of the outer layer 14.
- the CPVC compositions contain CPVC polymer (resin) along with various additives, which are described below.
- the CPVC resin constitutes at least 50% by weight of the CPVC composition as these are rigid compositions.
- CPVC compositions are available commercially worldwide from a variety of sources, including Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. of Cleveland, Ohio U.S.A.
- CPVC for use in exemplary embodiments may be prepared by the post- chlorination of suspension or mass polymerized PVC.
- Suspension polymerization techniques may be of the type described in the Encyclopedia of PVC, pp. 76-85, published by Marcel Decker, Inc. (1976), for example.
- CPVC is obtained by chlorinating homopolymers or copolymers containing less than 50% by weight of one or more copolymerizable comonomers.
- Suitable comonomers for vinyl chloride include acrylic and methacrylic acids; esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, wherein the ester portion has from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, methyl-, ethyl-, butyl-, ethylhexyl acrylates and the like; methyl-, ethyl-, butyl methacrylates and the like; hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, for example, hydroxymethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and the like; glycidyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, for example, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and the like; alpha, beta-unsaturated dicarbox
- the molecular weight as measured by I.V. of precursor polyvinyl chloride for the CPVC polymer will range from about 0.4 to about 1.6, preferably 0.5 to 1.2 and most preferably from about 0.7 to 1.0 I.V.
- the inherent viscosity is a representative measure of the molecular weight of a polymer and is obtained in accordance with ASTM procedure No. D-1243-66.
- the choice of molecular weight is made by considering the shape and intricacy of the profile, the processing conditions and the physical property balance desired. If the molecular weight is too low, there may be insufficient melt strength and the dimensional stability of the hot extrudate will suffer, and if the molecular weight is too high, the compound may not be processable under the desired conditions. Acceptable results are obtained under a variety of conditions and cross- sectional shapes using an I.V. of the PVC precursor of about 0.85 to 0.95.
- Chlorination of PVC can be carried out to obtain a chlorinated base polymer having higher than 57 percent by weight chlorine up to about 74 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the polymer.
- a major amount of CPVC having a chlorine content of greater than 65% weight and up to 74% is preferred, and more preferably from 66% to about 70% chlorine.
- the preferred method of post-chlorination is by the aqueous suspension chlorination method.
- the preferred mode of chlorination employs a relatively concentrated aqueous suspension of the precursor PVC.
- the most preferred method results in a CPVC resin having a density which does not deviate more than about 20 percent from the mean density, and a surface area which does not deviate more than 30 percent from the mean surface area is more desirable.
- a concentration of about 15 to about 35 weight percent of solids in the suspension is preferred.
- concentration of the suspension higher than the specified range results in less uniform chlorinated product, while concentrations below 15 percent yield uniform product, but are not as economical.
- aqueous suspension of PVC base polymer, we refer to a slurry-like mixture of base polymer macrogranules suspended in water. This process is particularly directed to a batch process.
- the reactor is preferably brought up to a "soak" temperature in the range from about 60°C. to about 75°C at which soak temperature the suspension is maintained under agitation for a soak period in the range from about 1 minute to about 45 minutes. Excessive pressure adversely affects the porosity of the macrogranules to the detriment of the stability of the chlorinated product.
- Chlorination proceeds at a rate which depends upon the pressure and temperature within the reactor, higher rates being favored at higher temperature and pressure. It is most preferred to adjust the soak temperature, the mass of resin, and the level of photo-illumination so that the temperature is "ramped" by the heat of reaction until it levels off at a finishing temperature of about 100°C.
- the suspension is preferably not cooled but dumped to be centrifuged and the chlorinated polymer freed from the aqueous phase, after which HC1 is removed from the product, preferably by neutralizing with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide.
- the product is then washed with water to free the chlorinated polymer of residual alkali, and dried, except that the temperatures at which the operations are carried out may be in the range from about 60°C to about 100°C, which may be somewhat higher than conventionally used.
- the rigid CPVC compositions contain various other ingredients, in addition to the CPVC polymer, to enhance processing and performance of the articles.
- Ingredients such as heat stabilizers, impact modifiers, processing lubricants, antioxidants, antistats, processing aids, fillers, fibers and coloring pigments can be used in the CPVC compositions of exemplary embodiments.
- a desirable additive in some embodiments is chlorinated polyethylene.
- the chlorination can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous preferably to a small extent. Surface appearance of extrudates depended on CPE molecular weight and polydispersity as measured by gel permeation chromatography and on the extrusion conditions used.
- Chlorination methods for CPE include aqueous suspension, solution, or gas phase methods, with the preferred method by way of suspension chlorination.
- CPE is commercially available from numerous sources such as Dow Chemical Inc.
- the amount of CPE in the CPVC compositions present ranges from about 10 to about 30 parts per 100 parts by weight (phr), preferably from about 12 to about to 25 phr, still more preferred are levels from 15 to 25 phr of CPVC resin.
- the core/shell type impact modifiers can be present in the CPVC compositions. These include acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymers (ABS), methacrylate, acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene (MABS) polymers and methacrylate butadiene styrene polymer (MBS).
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymers
- MABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- MBS methacrylate butadiene styrene polymer
- Other impact modifiers are disclosed in Plastics Compounding, November/December, 1983: “Update: Impact Modifiers for Rigid PVC," by Mary C. McMurrer.
- MBS grades include Paraloid® KM-653, BTA-733 from Rohm and Haas, or Kanegafuchi Inc. B-56 and B-22;
- Commercial polyacrylate impact modifiers include KM
- Thermal stabilizers are employed in the compounds herein and can be selected from various organic compounds.
- Suitable tin stabilizers include tin salts of monocarboxylic acids such as stannous maleate.
- tin stabilizers include without limitation: alkylstannoic acids, bis(dialkyltin alkyl carboxylate)maleates, dialkyltin bis(alkylmaleates), dialkyltin dicrotonates, dialkyltin diolates, dialkyltin laurates, dialkyltin oxides, dialkyltin stearates, alkylchlorotin bis(alkylmercaptides), alkylchlorotin bis (alkylmercaptopropionates), alkylthiostannoic acids, alkyltin tris(alkylmercaptides), alkyltin tris(alkylmercaptoacetates), alkyltin tris(alkylmercaptopropionates), bis [
- Tin compounds are generally used at from 1 to 5 phr (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of CPVC resin), preferably about 2.0 to 4.0 phr.
- Secondary stabilizers may be included, if desired, but are not necessary.
- Examples of secondary stabilizers include metal salt of phosphoric acid, polyols, epoxidized oils, and acid acceptors which are not detrimental to the base CPVC resin used.
- the secondary stabilizers can be used by themselves or in combinations as desired.
- Specific examples of metal salts of phosphoric acid include water-soluble, alkali metal phosphate salts, disodium hydrogen phosphate, orthophosphates such as mono-, di-, and tri-orthophosphates of said alkali metals, alkali metal polyphosphates, -tetrapolyphosphates and -metaphosphates and the like.
- Polyols such as sugar alcohols, and epoxides such as epoxidized soya oil can be used.
- acid acceptors include potassium citrate, aluminum magnesium hydroxyl carbonate hydrate, magnesium aluminum silicates and alkali metal alumino silicates.
- magnesium aluminum silicates are molecular sieves such as, for example, Molsiv® Adsorbent Type 4A from UOP.
- alkali metal alumino silicates are zeolites such as CBV 10A Zeolite Na-Mordenite by Synthetic Products Co.
- the most preferred secondary stabilizer is disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSP) and is used by treating the CPVC resin. Typical levels of secondary stabilizers can range from about 0.1 wt. parts to about 7.0 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts CPVC polymer (phr).
- antioxidants such as phenolics, BHT, BHA, various hindered phenols and various inhibitors like substituted benzophenones.
- Antistats may be used and are commercially available under the Glycolube® trademark of Lonza Corp.
- Exemplary lubricants are the various hydrocarbons, such as paraffins, paraffin oils, low molecular weight polyethylene, oxidized polyethylenes, fatty acids and their salts such as stearic acid and calcium stearate, fatty alcohols such as cetyl, stearyl, or octadecyl alcohol; metal soaps such as calcium or zinc salts of oleic acid; fatty amides of organic acids such as stearamide, ethylene-bis-stearamide; preferred fatty esters and partial esters such as butyl stearate, polyol esters such as glycerol monostearate, hexaglycerol distearate; and fatty ester waxes such as stearyl esters.
- the most preferred lubricant is oxidized polyethylene. Henkel Co. produces a variety of preferred fatty ester formulations under the Loxiol® mark. Combinations of internal and external lubricants may also be used. Lubrication of the CPVC polymer compounds may involve several lubricants combined in variations. The total amount of lubricant may vary in some embodiments generally from about 2 to 10 phr, preferably from 2 to about 6 phr.
- Adjustment of melt viscosity can be achieved as well as increasing melt strength by optionally employing commercial acrylic process aids such as those from Rohm and Haas under the Paraloid® Trademark, for example, Paraloid® K-120ND, K- 120N, and K-175.
- commercial acrylic process aids such as those from Rohm and Haas under the Paraloid® Trademark, for example, Paraloid® K-120ND, K- 120N, and K-175.
- Exemplary fillers for both the CPVC layer and PVC layer are optional and include clay, wollastonite, mica, barytes, calcium carbonate, talc and silica including precipitated silicas, silica gels, metallic silicates, pyrogenic or fumed silicas and the like. These have the general formulae: S1O 2 , M n (Si03) x .
- the values of n and x can vary with the oxidation state of the metal associated with the S1O 3 ion.
- the values n and x are usually integers from about 1 to about 4.
- Preferred pigments are the various titanium dioxides (T1O 2 ) and carbon blacks which are commercially available.
- Preferred T1O 2 types are coated or uncoated, rutile titanium dioxide powder.
- An exemplary commercial grade is Ti-Pure® R-100 from E.I. DuPont De Nemours and Co. Inc. (DuPont). If used, pigments such as T1O2 are present in an amount ranging from 1 to 25 phr, more typically 3 to 15 phr, and most typically from 3 to about 8 phr.
- Optional coloring pigments can be used.
- Coloring pigments are used to impart the desired color of the CPVC composition.
- T1O2 is the normal pigment to give a white color and carbon black is used to give a black color.
- Blends of color pigments are often used to achieve a color that is other than black or white. For example, a blend of T1O2 and carbon black is used to obtain a grey color.
- Various other color pigments such as red, blue, green, yellow and brown are commercially available from companies such as Ferro and Clariant.
- the color pigments can be added to the composition as dry powders, liquid dispersions or as a concentrate in the form of a color masterbatch.
- the CPVC compositions are prepared by compounding the ingredients together.
- the method of compounding preferably used is high intensity methods to uniformly mix and fuse the components into a homogeneous compound such as with a Banbury/mill, followed by sheeting, slitting or extrusion into pellets, or cubes.
- the differences in process handling of CPVC compared with polyvinyl chloride-based compounds relate mainly to the temperature and viscosity differences and care must be taken to avoid too much work and shear burning.
- the components can be combined and mixed with a Banbury and milled on a heated roll mill.
- the fused compound can be extruded and chopped into cubes.
- the components can be combined in a compounding twin screw extruder.
- the compounds are extruded into final form at conventional stock temperatures from about 175°C to about 225°C.
- the components of the CPVC composition can also be blended together in powder form and the blended powder fed to an extruder.
- the articles of exemplary embodiments can be of any color, but are particularly useful in dark colors.
- Certain PVC articles, such as house siding, are often only available in white and light pastel colors. This is because the dark colors, such as black, red, dark brown and the like absorb more heat from the sun and distort PVC articles.
- PVC articles can be used in cooler climates in light colors (white or pastel), but are not generally used in warmer climates, such as southern and southwest U.S. climates, nor is PVC commonly used for house siding or the like in dark colors, even in cooler climates.
- Typically, only the outer layer of CPVC composition would need to be colored as the inner layer is hidden in use and the intermediate layer of PVC is hidden in siding applications. However, for efficiencies in production, it may be advantageous to use the same CPVC composition for both the inner and outer layers.
- L value is a scale of from 0 to 100.
- the color black would represent an L value of 0 and the color white would represent an L value of 100.
- dark colors it means the color has a L value of less than about 50, preferably less than about 40, and more preferably less than about 30.
- the CPVC compositions of exemplary embodiments preferably have a high heat distortion temperature (HDT) as measured by ASTM D-648.
- the HDT of exemplary compositions is greater than about 180°F (about 82.2°C), greater than 190°F (about 87.8°C), desirably greater than 205°F (about 96.1°C), preferably greater than about 210°F (about 98.9°C), and more preferably greater than about 215°F (about 101.7 °C).
- HDT of the composition can be varied by the chlorine content of the CPVC polymer. The higher the chlorine content, the higher the HDT. HDT of the CPVC composition can also be affected by the various compounding ingredients.
- Liquid or low molecular weight ingredients such as plasticizers, process aids and lubricants can lower the HDT and thus are used in certain exemplary embodiments in small amounts.
- the particular HDT of the composition used to make the articles will generally be selected based on the service temperature the article will experience in use. For example, an article of a dark color will commonly benefit from a higher HDT than a light color article used in the same climate and application.
- Articles, such as siding and trim for siding commonly benefit from a higher HDT when they are subjected to reflective heat as can occur from windows in adjacent walls or adjacent structures.
- the extrusion process may be used.
- the extruder is fed with the composition in either powder, cube or pellet form.
- the composition is melt processed and forced through a die into the desired shape of the article.
- the extruder characteristics applicable to melt processing of the CPVC compounds include: Extruder drive/gearbox capable of generating high torque at low rpm. Vacuum venting to remove volatile components, moisture and entrapped air.
- Temperature controllers able to control within +/-5 °F or preferably +1-2 °F. Accurately controllable powder metering screw for powder compounds.
- a ramped barrel temperature profile is advisable with a zone nearest the hopper set at 180°C and the zone nearest the die at about 195°C for 0.75 inch (about 19.05 mm) diameter screw.
- calibrating blocks at the exit end can be used to assist in proper dimension sizing as the hot profile is cooled.
- Air streams can be used to improve heat loss, and for more close tolerances, vacuum water sizing devices can be used.
- the extent to which one chooses to employ calibrator blocks and air or water sizing will depend on dimension tolerances for the particular profile shape, the intended output volume of any one profile article and the number of different profiles made with a particular production set.
- the CPVC composition described above is the preferred composition for making siding and siding trim components.
- other CPVC compositions may be used and in some cases preferred.
- the CPVC composition used will vary depending on the requirements of the end use application.
- the CPVC composition may be a CPVC based blend with other high heat plastics, such as styrenics.
- at least one of the inner and outer layers may comprise a composition of a high heat plastic, such as, styrenics, for example, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN), methyl-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (AMSAN), or blends thereof.
- SAN styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers
- AMSAN methyl-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers
- high heat plastics refers to materials that can exceed 180°F in continuous operating temperature.
- the CPVC composition for each of the outer layer and inner layer may be extruded to a thickness of from about 2 to about 19 mils (about 0.05 to about 0.48 mm), preferably 3 to 10 mils (about 0.08 to about 0.25 mm) and more preferably 4 to 6 mils (about 0.10 to about 0.15 mm).
- the siding and trim thickness is typically about 30 to about 50 mils (about 0.76 to about 1.27 mm) and more typically 40 to 48 mils (about 1.02 to about 1.22 mm).
- the term "siding trim” as used herein has the customary industry meaning and includes trim pieces such as outside corners, inside corners, channels around windows and doors, and the like, used in conjunction with the installation of siding.
- the siding and trim of some embodiments can be thinner than PVC siding because the exemplary embodiments are able to withstand greater heat and are more resistant to deformations.
- the siding and trim can be embossed to provide a wood grain surface for aesthetic appeal.
- the siding and trim of some embodiments may be applied horizontally or vertically on a structure.
- the extrusion may be thicker than that for siding because of the structural requirements.
- Decking and fencing will typically have a thickness of greater than 0.05 (about 1.27mm) and preferably greater than 0.1 inch (about 2.54 mm).
- Decking and fencing are typically extruded with a cross section in a substantially rectangular shape and can have rounded corners to aid in the extrusion process.
- the term "rectangular shape" as used herein is intended to include rectangle shapes which have rounded corners.
- the rectangular shape can be hollow inside to save weight or can have reinforcing webs to add strength and rigidity.
- the extruded decking or fencing boards can also be filled with foam to add rigidity.
- Decking boards can also be embossed with a non-skid surface to provide more traction when wet.
- Decking materials may include the floor of the deck as well as supporting posts and rails, which can all be made from the exemplary CPVC compositions. Fencing may include the fence boards or rails as well as the posts.
- the decking and fencing articles of exemplary embodiments eliminate the need for painting or staining as well as the need to use treated lumber and the environmental and health risks associated with the use of pressure treated lumber.
- exemplary embodiments including siding and trim may have an insulating layer 22.
- the insulating layer 22 may include a layer of polystyrene foam but could be other insulating materials, such as polyurethane foam.
- the insulating layer 22 is preferably bonded to the CPVC layer with a suitable adhesive 24 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
- a suitable adhesive for bonding CPVC to polystyrene foam is a moisture cured urethane, such as manufactured by Ashland Chemical Company of Columbus, Ohio U.S.A. and known as ISOGRIP® 3030D.
- heat and pressure sensitive adhesives can be used as well as latex based adhesives.
- the adhesive remains flexible during use of the article.
- an insulating layer 22 such as foam, gives the siding and trim insulating properties to conserve energy.
- An insulating layer may also be used to make the siding or trim more rigid. Increased rigidity allows the CPVC layer to be thinner and aids in the installation of the articles to a structure.
- the siding and trim are attached to a structure by conventional means such as nails, screws, staples, adhesives or other fasteners.
- the CPVC composition may be extruded as described above.
- the insulating layer is formed to the desired size.
- the adhesive 24 is applied to the insulating layer or the CPVC extruded profile layer.
- the adhesive can be applied by roll coating, stitching, extruding, spraying or curtain coating.
- the adhesive can also be applied in the form of beads which cover only a portion of the CPVC layer.
- the extruded CPVC is applied to the insulating layer 22 with the adhesive between the layers to form the article.
- the articles may be made in conventional lengths, such as 10 or 20 feet (about 3.05 or 6.1 m), to facilitate storage and transport to a job site.
- the intermediate layer 16 of PVC can be made from commercially available PVC compositions, including recycled material.
- the PVC compositions are available from several manufacturers, such as ShinTech and PolyOne.
- a PVC composition used is one designed for siding applications.
- the PVC compositions designed for siding applications use the same PVC resin as described above for the PVC precursor resin used to make the CPVC resin.
- similar additives such as heat stabilizers, impact modifiers, flow aids, lubricants and the like, can be used as described above for CPVC.
- the PVC compositions can be made the same way as the CPVC compositions described above, except that PVC has a slightly lower processing temperature, usually about 10-30°F.
- the % of the CPVC layers in the composite siding herein are expressed in weight percent. This is slightly different from thickness percent, as CPVC compositions normally have a higher specific gravity than PVC, usually about 10 to 20% higher. If the PVC layer contains a large amount of heavy fillers, such as calcium carbonate or talc, it may have a higher specific gravity than the CPVC layers, as is well understood by those skilled in the art.
- Embodiments that comprise siding 10 can be made in conventional widths such as from 4 to 10 inches (about 10.16 cm to about 25.4 cm) or can be made in thinner or wider widths.
- the addition of an insulating layer to provide added rigidity may allow the siding to be made wider than conventional siding, if desired. Wider widths can reduce labor in the installation phase of construction. Widths as wide as 12, 18, 24, 36 or 48 inches (30.48, 45.72, 60.96, 91.44, or 121.92 cm) can be made with the insulating layer 22 capped with CPVC. Siding trim pieces may also be made in standard widths, or wider or narrower in some embodiments.
- the CPVC layer on the insulated siding and trim will preferably be from about 2 to about 19 mils (about 0.05 to about 0.48 mm), preferably 3 to 10 mils (about 0.08 to about 0.25 mm) and more preferably 4 to 6 mils (about 0.10 to about 0.15 mm) thick.
- the insulating layer is preferably a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 inches (about 0.254 to about 5.08 cm).
- CPVC siding and siding trim components of this invention are made similar to those described in the two disclosures above with the exception that the PVC layer is replaced with two CPVC layers (inner and outer layers) and a PVC intermediate layer.
- the outer CPVC layer or all three layers can be in dark colors.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,542,222 and PCT Patent Application WO 99/22092 are hereby incorporated in their entirety in this disclosure.
- Cap layer(s) can also be applied to the CPVC outer layer to increase weather resistance.
- One or more cap layers can be used.
- a thin cap layer of PVC can be applied to the CPVC layer.
- a cap layer of ASA acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate
- the PVC or ASA cap layer may be about 3 to 10 mils (about 0.08 to about 0.25 mm) thick and can be co-extruded with the CPVC layer. Since the cap layer has a lower HDT than the CPVC layer, the cap layer is preferably thinner than the CPVC layer.
- a further cap layer of a composition containing a fluoropolymer can be applied to the first cap layer or can be applied directly to the CPVC layer.
- the fluoropolymer cap layer may be about 1 mil to about 2 mils (about 0.03 to about 0.05mm) thick.
- the fluoropolymer cap layer can be pre-prepared and laminated to the CPVC or first cap layer or can be co-extruded directly onto the CPVC or first cap layer.
- the fluoropolymer containing cap layer may also contain a substantial amount of acrylic polymer in order to gain adhesion to the CPVC or first cap layer.
- a fluoropolymer containing cap layer and the ASA cap layer may have better weathering properties than the CPVC or PVC layer.
- FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment. Similar reference numbers will be used for elements that are common with the first embodiment.
- This siding 100 comprises an inner layer 12 comprising a CPVC composition; an outer layer 14 comprising a CPVC composition; and an intermediate layer 160 sandwiched between the inner and outer layers 12, 14.
- This intermediate layer 160 comprises a semi-rigid material such as fiber cement composition.
- An adhesive layer (not shown) may be used between the intermediate layer 160 and the inner layer 12 and between the intermediate layer 160 and the outer layer 14.
- Fig. 4 shows a third exemplary embodiment. Similar reference numbers will be used for elements that are common with the first embodiment.
- This siding 200 comprises an inner layer 12 comprising a CPVC composition; an outer layer 14 comprising a CPVC composition; and an intermediate layer 260 sandwiched between the inner and outer layers.
- the intermediate layer comprises a semi-rigid material such as PVC foam or CPVC foam.
- Tests were performed on composite plaques (representing siding) of the exemplary embodiment and two other multi-layer (comparative) composite products.
- three layer samples are put into a press cavity plate for thickness control.
- the press is set at about 380°F (about 193.3°C) with 1000 psi (about 6.89 MPa) low pressure for 6 minutes.
- the pressure is raised to 54 tons and held for 3 minutes.
- the obtained composite is then cooled under pressure.
- One of the comparative composite plaque products comprised a layer of PVC with only one layer of CPVC.
- the weight percentage of CPVC content in this comparative product was 24%.
- the other comparative composite plaque product comprised an inner layer comprising a PVC composition; an outer layer comprising a PVC composition; and an intermediate layer sandwich between the inner and outer layers.
- the intermediate layer comprised a CPVC composition.
- the weight percentage of CPVC content in this product was 60%. Samples of 0.125 inch (about 3.18 mm) thick for each plaque to be tested were taken.
- Fig. 5A The results of the test for the two layer PVC/CPVC composite siding product with the CPVC layer on the bottom is shown in Fig. 5A.
- the two layer PVC/CPVC composite siding product with the CPVC layer on the bottom significantly improved sag resistance compared to the rigid PVC.
- the sag decreased and the sag resistance increased.
- Fig. 5C The results of the test for the three layer CPVC/PVC/CPVC composite plaque product of the exemplary embodiment is shown in Fig. 5C.
- This composite product performed the best of the three products tested in reducing sag at elevated temperatures even when used at low concentrations of CPVC.
- this sample deflected less than 5 mm when the Oven Sag Test was performed on it at 180°F (about 82.2 °C), 200°F (about 93.3 °C), and 230°F (about 1 10 °C).
- the CPVC content can be as low as 16-24% weight.
- This low percentage of CPVC reduced the costs of the product and thus, made it the most economical choice among the three siding products tested.
- the symmetrical placement of the layers prevents bending or distortion of the composite samples after processing and produces the flattest specimens.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2804881A CA2804881A1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | High temperature exterior building products |
US13/809,640 US20130122269A1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | High Temperature Exterior Building Products |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US36346510P | 2010-07-12 | 2010-07-12 | |
US61/363,465 | 2010-07-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012009329A1 true WO2012009329A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
Family
ID=44504182
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2011/043661 WO2012009329A1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | High temperature exterior building products |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130122269A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2804881A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012009329A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140227478A1 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-14 | Certainteed Corporation | System, method and apparatus for dark-colored siding panel product |
US9802346B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-10-31 | Certainteed Corporation | Variegated building product and method |
US9884443B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-02-06 | Certainteed Corporation | System, method and article for siding corner |
US9885185B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2018-02-06 | Certainteed Corporation | Panel siding product |
US10208482B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2019-02-19 | Certainteed Corporation | Single panel siding product |
EP2969564B1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-06-19 | Arkema France | Multilayer composite |
CN112179231A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-01-05 | 北京理工大学 | Protection equipment, system and method for destroying unexploded bombs/explosives |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2902187C (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2021-05-18 | Arkema France | Thermoplastic composite |
WO2018136322A2 (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2018-07-26 | Tundra Composites, LLC | Siding system with joint and siding support |
US10508456B1 (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2019-12-17 | Interplast Group Corporation | PVC seam plate |
US10590658B1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2020-03-17 | Associated Materials, Llc | Siding panel assembly |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3379606A (en) * | 1964-10-08 | 1968-04-23 | Schjeldahl Co G T | Transparent laminated weather resistant material |
US3421971A (en) * | 1966-01-07 | 1969-01-14 | Formica Corp | Weatherable plastic laminates |
US4786350A (en) * | 1985-07-17 | 1988-11-22 | Pony Industries, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a weatherable exterior siding |
US5542222A (en) | 1994-12-14 | 1996-08-06 | Abco, Inc. | Corner post support member |
WO1999022092A1 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-06 | Abco, Inc., Doing Business As Progressive Foam Products | Laminated vinyl siding |
US6316118B1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2001-11-13 | Takiron Co., Ltd. | Fire-retardant vinyl chloride resin molding |
US20050153122A1 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2005-07-14 | Detterman Robert E. | High temperature exterior building products |
US20060013994A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2006-01-19 | Aubrey Burke | Composite materials for siding, window and door surrounds and other cladding for buildings |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4100325A (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-07-11 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Weather resistant composites |
US5322899A (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1994-06-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Fluoropolymer blend for coextrusion onto thermoplastic substrates |
US6321500B1 (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2001-11-27 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Reinforced vinyl siding |
US20060267310A1 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2006-11-30 | Richardson Kenneth P | Hitch alignment method and apparatus |
US20080184629A1 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-07 | Kruk Paul G | Gutter and Siding Protection Device and System |
US20090258208A1 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-15 | Martin Brad J | Compositions And Composite Articles Suitable For High Heat Applications |
-
2011
- 2011-07-12 US US13/809,640 patent/US20130122269A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-07-12 WO PCT/US2011/043661 patent/WO2012009329A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-12 CA CA2804881A patent/CA2804881A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3379606A (en) * | 1964-10-08 | 1968-04-23 | Schjeldahl Co G T | Transparent laminated weather resistant material |
US3421971A (en) * | 1966-01-07 | 1969-01-14 | Formica Corp | Weatherable plastic laminates |
US4786350A (en) * | 1985-07-17 | 1988-11-22 | Pony Industries, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a weatherable exterior siding |
US5542222A (en) | 1994-12-14 | 1996-08-06 | Abco, Inc. | Corner post support member |
WO1999022092A1 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-06 | Abco, Inc., Doing Business As Progressive Foam Products | Laminated vinyl siding |
US6316118B1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2001-11-13 | Takiron Co., Ltd. | Fire-retardant vinyl chloride resin molding |
US20050153122A1 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2005-07-14 | Detterman Robert E. | High temperature exterior building products |
US20060013994A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2006-01-19 | Aubrey Burke | Composite materials for siding, window and door surrounds and other cladding for buildings |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
"Encyclopedia of PVC", 1976, MARCEL DECKER, INC., pages: 76 - 85 |
MARY C. MCMURRER: "Update: Impact Modifiers for Rigid PVC", PLASTICS COMPOUNDING, November 1983 (1983-11-01) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140227478A1 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-14 | Certainteed Corporation | System, method and apparatus for dark-colored siding panel product |
US9145690B2 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2015-09-29 | Certainteed Corporation | System, method and apparatus for dark-colored siding panel product |
US10668655B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-06-02 | Certainteed Corporation | Variegated building product and method |
US9884443B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-02-06 | Certainteed Corporation | System, method and article for siding corner |
EP2969564B1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-06-19 | Arkema France | Multilayer composite |
US10562282B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-02-18 | Arkema France | Multilayer composite |
US9802346B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-10-31 | Certainteed Corporation | Variegated building product and method |
US10882232B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-01-05 | Certainteed Corporation | Variegated building product and method |
US11007760B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-05-18 | Arkema France | Multilayer composite |
US11007690B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-05-18 | Certainteed Corporation | System, method and article for siding corner |
US9885185B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2018-02-06 | Certainteed Corporation | Panel siding product |
US10208482B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2019-02-19 | Certainteed Corporation | Single panel siding product |
US10221575B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2019-03-05 | Certainteed Corporation | Panel siding product |
CN112179231A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-01-05 | 北京理工大学 | Protection equipment, system and method for destroying unexploded bombs/explosives |
CN112179231B (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-07-20 | 北京理工大学 | Explosive destruction protection equipment, system and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130122269A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
CA2804881A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20130122269A1 (en) | High Temperature Exterior Building Products | |
EP1720701B1 (en) | High temperature exterior building products | |
US4514449A (en) | Profile strip, especially for the production of window or door frames | |
US20210214958A1 (en) | Waterproof panel, process for producing a panel, and panel obtainable by said process | |
US7629413B2 (en) | Plasticiser compositions | |
CN102317371B (en) | Vinylidene fluoride-based resin film | |
US6855402B2 (en) | Weather resistant plastic composites capped with polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) for outdoor exposures | |
US4424292A (en) | Infrared reflecting vinyl polymer compositions | |
KR101535943B1 (en) | PVC-based compound composition | |
KR102128607B1 (en) | Multi-layer solid tile and process for the preparation thereof | |
CA3077188A1 (en) | Multilayer polymeric structures | |
US20070054086A1 (en) | Weatherable corrosion-resistant flashing | |
US5641826A (en) | Rigid extrusion profiles of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride polymer blends having improved surface properties and method of manufacture | |
KR100883667B1 (en) | A roof profile and roof sheet use for cubic effect building and establishment method | |
EP3498774B1 (en) | Resin composition obtained by mixing polyvinyl chloride resin and acrylic resin, and indoor interior material board produced using same | |
US5587419A (en) | Method for the manufacture of weatherable, rigid extrusion profiles having improved surface appearance | |
MXPA06007914A (en) | High temperature exterior building products | |
CN1910046A (en) | High temperature exterior building products | |
CA3088633A1 (en) | Polyol polyester and polyhydroxy alkane blends with polar polymers | |
CN102345371B (en) | Dual-layer flame-retardant polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic floor | |
US20130052395A1 (en) | Composite component having a multilayer cap | |
KR20040053487A (en) | Conductive floor comprising carbon-based material | |
CA1216722A (en) | Process for the production of shaped bodies formed from a glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride material | |
KR20200032804A (en) | Coating composition for windows, window compristing the same, and menufacturing method for windows | |
JPH09300552A (en) | Weatherable film |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11746686 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2804881 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13809640 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 11746686 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |