WO2012007818A2 - Antioxidative and antimicrobiological preservation of milk and dairy products - Google Patents
Antioxidative and antimicrobiological preservation of milk and dairy products Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012007818A2 WO2012007818A2 PCT/IB2011/001614 IB2011001614W WO2012007818A2 WO 2012007818 A2 WO2012007818 A2 WO 2012007818A2 IB 2011001614 W IB2011001614 W IB 2011001614W WO 2012007818 A2 WO2012007818 A2 WO 2012007818A2
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- extract
- milk
- preservative
- dairy products
- sample
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Links
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 230000001998 anti-microbiological effect Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000207923 Lamiaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- QRYRORQUOLYVBU-VBKZILBWSA-N carnosic acid Chemical compound CC([C@@H]1CC2)(C)CCC[C@]1(C(O)=O)C1=C2C=C(C(C)C)C(O)=C1O QRYRORQUOLYVBU-VBKZILBWSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical group CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001606 7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940008396 carrot extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002532 grape seed extract Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940087603 grape seed extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940094952 green tea extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020688 green tea extract Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940106579 hops extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001906 humulus lupulus l. absolute Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DFPMSGMNTNDNHN-ZPHOTFPESA-N naringin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC=2C=C3O[C@@H](CC(=O)C3=C(O)C=2)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O DFPMSGMNTNDNHN-ZPHOTFPESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940052490 naringin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930019673 naringin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020733 paullinia cupana extract Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940109529 pomegranate extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001717 vitis vinifera seed extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 50
- DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-WUTVXBCWSA-N (R)-rosmarinic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)O)OC(=O)\C=C\C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-WUTVXBCWSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 24
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 235000020748 rosemary extract Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 229940092258 rosemary extract Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 239000001233 rosmarinus officinalis l. extract Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 16
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- ZZAFFYPNLYCDEP-HNNXBMFYSA-N Rosmarinsaeure Natural products OC(=O)[C@H](Cc1cccc(O)c1O)OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2 ZZAFFYPNLYCDEP-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-MRXNPFEDSA-N rosemarinic acid Natural products C([C@H](C(=O)O)OC(=O)C=CC=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 14
- TVHVQJFBWRLYOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rosmarinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(Cc1ccc(O)c(O)c1)OC(=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)C=O TVHVQJFBWRLYOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XUSYGBPHQBWGAD-PJSUUKDQSA-N Carnosol Chemical compound CC([C@@H]1C2)(C)CCC[C@@]11C(=O)O[C@@H]2C2=C1C(O)=C(O)C(C(C)C)=C2 XUSYGBPHQBWGAD-PJSUUKDQSA-N 0.000 description 11
- MMFRMKXYTWBMOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carnosol Natural products CCc1cc2C3CC4C(C)(C)CCCC4(C(=O)O3)c2c(O)c1O MMFRMKXYTWBMOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000004654 carnosol Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019149 tocopherols Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000178231 Rosmarinus officinalis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013628 Lantana involucrata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000062730 Melissa officinalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010654 Melissa officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002899 Mentha suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005135 Micromeria juliana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006677 Monarda citriodora ssp. austromontana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007673 Origanum vulgare Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000002114 Satureja hortensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007315 Satureja hortensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000007303 Thymus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000002657 Thymus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000020200 pasteurised milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002020 sage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N β-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GZIFEOYASATJEH-VHFRWLAGSA-N δ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GZIFEOYASATJEH-VHFRWLAGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GZIFEOYASATJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-delta tocopherol Natural products OC1=CC(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GZIFEOYASATJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940087168 alpha tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940066595 beta tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020186 condensed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010389 delta-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010382 gamma-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004130 lipolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000008476 powdered milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020202 standardised milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C3/00—Preservation of milk or milk preparations
- A23C3/08—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by addition of preservatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C13/00—Cream; Cream preparations; Making thereof
- A23C13/08—Preservation
- A23C13/10—Preservation by addition of preservatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C15/00—Butter; Butter preparations; Making thereof
- A23C15/18—Preservation
- A23C15/20—Preservation by addition of preservatives or antioxidants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C21/00—Whey; Whey preparations
- A23C21/08—Whey; Whey preparations containing other organic additives, e.g. vegetable or animal products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- This invention is directed to the antioxidative and antimicrobiological preservatives of milk and dairy products and a method of using the same.
- the preservatives are extracts of plants of the labiatae family and mixtures.
- the labiatae family includes, inter alia, rosemary, sage, lemon balm, oregano, savory, mint and thyme.
- Milk and milk products are known to be easily contaminated by bacteria and generally, have a relatively short shelf-life. Further, the oxidation of milk fats causes milk and dairy products to have an unpleasant smell and taste. Other than lipolysis, which causes hydrolytic rancidity, milk fat oxidation is one of the main factors influencing the shelf-life of milk and dairy products. The appearance of smell and taste of oxidation is mostly felt in milk, cream and butter, as these products have a milder smell and taste.
- milk and dairy products are strongly subject to microbial decay.
- the milk industry controls oxidation and microbial decay of milk and dairy products by using low storage temperature, oxygen presence control, heat treatment, adequate packaging and the addition of synthetic preservatives and antibiotics to the milk and dairy products.
- Sythetic preservatives and antibiotics have been used for decades in the preservation of products against microbial spoilage. Recently, the use of naturally occurring substances, such as extracts from plant and animal materials, has become more common in the protection against the microorganisms responsible for food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. This is mainly since synthetic preservatives tend to exert undesired side effects on human health.
- This invention is directed to a preservative for milk and dairy products comprising an extract from a plant of the labiatae family or a mixture of two or more extracts of plants of the labiatae family BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
- Figure 1 shows the results of a Rancimat test of three samples of butter to which three different preservatives were added in comparison to a control butter sample to which no preservatives were added;
- Figure 2 shows the results of an acid value test of three samples of cream to which three different preservatives were added in comparison to a control cream sample to which no preservatives were added;
- Figure 3 shows the results of a TBA test of three samples of a whey concentrate to which three different preservatives were added in comparison to a control whey concentrate sample to which no preservatives were added;
- Figure 4 shows the results of a TBA test of one sample of milk powder to which a natural preservative was added in comparison to a control sample to which no preservative was added.
- Figure 5 shows the results of an acid value test of one sample of milk powder to which a natural preservative was added in comparison to a control sample to which no preservative was added.
- This invention is directed to a method for the antioxidative and antimicrobiological preservation of milk and dairy products comprising adding natural preservatives prepared from extracts of plants of the labiatae family or mixtures thereof to the milk or dairy products.
- the labiatae family includes, inter alia, rosemary, sage, lemon balm, oregano, savory, mint and thyme.
- the major active substances in the extracts from plants of the labiatae family are carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and derivatives thereof.
- Carnosic acid is an oil-soluble active substance
- rosmarinic acid is a water-soluble active substance.
- the oil-soluble extract from plants of the labiatae family contains up to 100 % by weight of carnosic acid.
- the water-soluble extract from plants of the labiatae family contains up to 100 % by weight of rosmarinic acid.
- the natural preservative prepared and added to the milk or dairy products comprises either one of or a mixture of the oil-soluble and the water soluble extracts.
- the extracts from plants of the labiatae family and their mixtures are combined with any appropriate additive or carrier.
- the additive or carrier dilutes the extract, it allows the extract to be better distributed in the product that is to be preserved and eases the handling thereof.
- additives include propylene glycol, maltodextrin, sugar, edible oil, edible salt and any other additives approved for consumption, as well as mixtures thereof.
- an emulsifier approved for consumption is added to the extract.
- an antioxidant approved for consumption is added to the extract.
- additional plant extracts that have antioxidative and/or antimicrobial activity are added to the milk and/or dairy products.
- the additional plant extracts are selected from green tea extract, citrus extracts, citrus extracts based on naringin, olive extract, hops extract, carrot extract, guarana extract, grape seed extract, pomegranate extract and mixtures thereof.
- the various extracts, additives and carriers may be added to the milk or dairy products in a single solution or in several separate solutions, simultaneously or separately.
- At least one of the additives, carriers or the additional active ingredients may have a synergistic effect with the labiatae extract.
- a combination of the extract of labiatae with synergists contributes to an improved synergistic antioxidative and antimicrobial protection of the product.
- the labiatae extracts as well as their mixtures are used in concentrations varying for each type of milk product so that they do not alter the organoleptic characteristics thereof. Further, thermal treatment (e.g., pasteurization) of the milk or dairy product does not affect their activity.
- the total concentration of the active ingredients (i.e., mainly the sum of the carnosic acid and the rosmarinic acid), added to the milk or dairy product is about 1.0-1000 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 1.0-50 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 1.0-10 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 10-20 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 20-30 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 30-40 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 40-50 mg/kg.
- the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 50-60 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 60-70 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 70-80 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 80-90 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 90-100 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 100-200 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 200-300 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 300-400 mg/kg.
- the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 400-500 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 500-600 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 600-700 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 700-800 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 800-900 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 900-1000 mg/kg. According to another embodiemnt, the total concentration of the active ingredients is above about 1.0 mg/kg. According to another embodiemnt, the total concentration of the active ingredients is less than about 1000 mg/kg.
- the total concentration of the active ingredients is less than about 100 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 40mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 20 mg/kg.
- the natural preservative of this invention is added directly to the milk and/or dairy products. According to further embodiments, the natural preservative of this invention is added to the milk, prior to the production of the dairy product therefrom. [0022] Various aspects of the invention are described in greater detail in the following Examples, which represent embodiments of this invention, and are by no means to be interpreted as limiting the scope of this invention.
- the rosemary extract used in the following examples was prepared conventionally, i.e., by extracting rosemary with acetone, filtering and evaporating the solvent. Further, in all of the following examples, where a rosemary extract mixture was added to the sample, the mixture comprised about 10% rosemary extract (to yield 4% camosic acid), about 10% delta tocopherol, about 5% gamma tocopherol, about 0.8% alpha tocopherol, about 0.1% beta tocopherol, about 20% DATEM and rapeseed oil as a carrier to complete to 100%.
- the Rancimat test was performed at 100°C on three grams of each of the samples.
- the Rancimat test is used to conductometrically measure the obtained products of oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.
- the result is given as induction time, i.e. the time in which the peroxide number achieves the value of 100 micro eq/kg of fat.
- the cell was heated to 100°C and the samples were aerated in order to promote oxidation.
- the 0.1 wt.% rosemary extract butter sample had, approximately, a five-times longer induction time, i.e., a five times better oxidative stability, in comparison to the control sample.
- the 0.05% Mixture Sample had, approximately, a nine times longer induction time in comparison to the control sample and the 0.1% Mixture Sample had, approximately, an 11 times longer induction time in comparison to the control sample.
- Cream Sample 1 (0.1% rosemary extract sample): a rosemary extract, in a concentration of 0.1 wt. % (corresponding to 40 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid), was stirred into cream comprising 40% fat. The cream was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 15 days.
- Cream Sample 2 (0.05% Mixture Sample): A mixture of a rosemary extract with tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier in a concentration of 0.05 wt.% (corresponding to 20 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid) was stirred into cream comprising 40% fat. The cream was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 15 days;
- Cream Sample 3 (0.1% Mixture Sample): A mixture of a rosemary extract with tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier in a concentration of 0.1 wt.% (corresponding to 40 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid) was stirred into cream comprising 40% fat. The cream was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 15 days;
- Cream Control a control sample of cream comprising 40% fat without any additives was also kept in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 15 days.
- the acid value is defined according to the mass of KOH in milligrams that is required to neutralize the free fatty acids contained in lg of oil or fat. Accordingly, lOg of the tested sample were placed in an Erlenmeyer. 50ml of the mixture of the solvents ethanol and diethyleter, in a volume ratio 1 :1, were added into the Erlenmeyer, and the mixture was shaken well. Three drops of a phenolphthalein solution were added to the solution in the Erlenmeyer. The solution was then titrated with a 0.1M solution of potassium hydroxide until the colour switched from colourless to pink. The acid value (AV) was calculated by the following formula:
- the 0.1% rosemary extract sample had a 30% lower acid value than the control, corresponding to a 30% higher oxidative stability. Further, the 0.05% Mixture Sample had a 56% lower acid value than the control and the 0.1% Mixture Sample had a 57% lower acid value than the control.
- Whey Sample 1 (0.1% rosemary extract sample): a rosemary extract, in a concentration of 0.1 wt. % (corresponding to 40 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid), was stirred into a whey concentrate comprising 0.3% fat.
- the whey concentrate was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for three weeks.
- Whey Sample 2 (0.05% Mixture Sample): A mixture of a rosemary extract with tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier in a concentration of 0.05 wt.% (corresponding to 20 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid) was stirred into a whey concentrate comprising 0.3% fat. The whey concentrate was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for three weeks;
- Whey Sample 3 (0.1% Mixture Sample): A mixture of a rosemary extract with tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier in a concentration of 0.1 wt.% (corresponding to 40 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid) was stirred into a whey concentrate comprising 0.3% fat. The whey concentrate was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for three weeks;
- Whey Control a control sample of a whey concentrate comprising 0.3% fat without any additives was also kept in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for three weeks.
- the optical density of each sample was assessed after three weeks using the thiobarbituric acid (TB A) test.
- TBA test is an empirical method for the assessment of the oxidation levels of fats and fat containing food, wherein the test results are related to the level of aldehydes present in the fats.
- Thiobarbituric acid specifically reacts with malonaldehyde (MDA), which yields a red chromogen, the quantity of which is determined by spectrophotometry. The result is given as the optical density measured at wavelength 532 nm. A lower optical density is a sign of a more oxidative stable product.
- the optical density of the 0.1% rosemary extract sample was 69% lower than that of the control sample, i.e., had a 69% better oxidative stability. Further, the optical density of the 0.05% Mixture Sample was 52% lower than that of the control and the optical density of the 0.1% Mixture Sample was 70% lower than that of the control.
- Milk powder was prepared from pasteurised milk according to the following description.
- Pasteurised milk with a standardized milk fat content of 3.2% was placed in two separate vessels.
- a mixture of rosemary extract, tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier was added to one of the vessels in a concentration of 0.1 wt.% (corresponding to 40mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid), calculated per dry matter of liquid milk.
- the milk in the second vessel was kept as a control sample and no additives were added thereto.
- each sample was heated to about 95°C and was then condensed in a multi-stage vaporizer. Since the vaporizer is held at a low pressure of -0.5 bar the temperature of the milk decreased during the vaporization process to about 45 - 47 °C. After condensation, the amount of the dry substances in the milk raised from 12% to about 47-48%. [0038] Then condensed milk was pumped at a high pressure of 200 bar into a drying column, which was held at a temperature of about 190 - 200 °C, where the milk was dried by dispersion, i.e., by spraying it through nozzles in a fine mist.
- the obtained powder was further dried in an instantizer, i.e., a fluidised bed drier, to the desired final content of humidity, which was 4%, cooled to 10-15°C and packed in suitable packaging, i.e., in a polyethylene bag placed in paper bag.
- an instantizer i.e., a fluidised bed drier
- the content of the carnosol acid in the prepared milk powder was determined using an HPLC and an electrochemical detector.
- the content corresponded to the value determined initially, i.e., 0.1% in the preserved powdered milk sample (and 0.0% in the control), and therefore, it was clear that the active ingredient is stable during the vaporization and drying processes detailed above.
- the milk powder was kept at room temperature for 12 months and the optical density thereof was measured on a monthly basis using the TBA test.
- the milk powder was diluted in warm water at a ratio of 12.5:87.5 (milk powder : water) and the TBA test was performed as described above in Example 3.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for the preservation of milk and dairy products against spoilage by bacteria and oxidation. The preservation is achieved by the extracts from plants of the labiatae family, mixtures thereof, as well as their mixtures with other additives, carriers, antioxidants and/or emulsifiers as well as additional plant extracts. The disclosed preservative is added to the milk and dairy products in a determined amount that preserves the milk and dairy products while leaving the organoleptic properties thereof unchanged.
Description
ANTIOXIDATIVE AND ANTIMICROBIOLOGICAL PRESERVATION OF MILK
AND DAIRY PRODUCTS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] This invention is directed to the antioxidative and antimicrobiological preservatives of milk and dairy products and a method of using the same. The preservatives are extracts of plants of the labiatae family and mixtures. The labiatae family includes, inter alia, rosemary, sage, lemon balm, oregano, savory, mint and thyme.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] Milk and milk products are known to be easily contaminated by bacteria and generally, have a relatively short shelf-life. Further, the oxidation of milk fats causes milk and dairy products to have an unpleasant smell and taste. Other than lipolysis, which causes hydrolytic rancidity, milk fat oxidation is one of the main factors influencing the shelf-life of milk and dairy products. The appearance of smell and taste of oxidation is mostly felt in milk, cream and butter, as these products have a milder smell and taste.
[003] Apart from oxidation, milk and dairy products are strongly subject to microbial decay. The milk industry controls oxidation and microbial decay of milk and dairy products by using low storage temperature, oxygen presence control, heat treatment, adequate packaging and the addition of synthetic preservatives and antibiotics to the milk and dairy products.
[004] Sythetic preservatives and antibiotics have been used for decades in the preservation of products against microbial spoilage. Recently, the use of naturally occurring substances, such as extracts from plant and animal materials, has become more common in the protection against the microorganisms responsible for food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. This is mainly since synthetic preservatives tend to exert undesired side effects on human health.
[005] Therefore, there is a need to lengthen the shelf-life of milk and milk-products by using naturally occurring substances.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[006] This invention is directed to a preservative for milk and dairy products comprising an extract from a plant of the labiatae family or a mixture of two or more extracts of plants of the labiatae family
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[007] Figure 1 shows the results of a Rancimat test of three samples of butter to which three different preservatives were added in comparison to a control butter sample to which no preservatives were added;
[008] Figure 2 shows the results of an acid value test of three samples of cream to which three different preservatives were added in comparison to a control cream sample to which no preservatives were added;
[009] Figure 3 shows the results of a TBA test of three samples of a whey concentrate to which three different preservatives were added in comparison to a control whey concentrate sample to which no preservatives were added; and
[0010] Figure 4 shows the results of a TBA test of one sample of milk powder to which a natural preservative was added in comparison to a control sample to which no preservative was added.
[0011] Figure 5 shows the results of an acid value test of one sample of milk powder to which a natural preservative was added in comparison to a control sample to which no preservative was added.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0012] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
[0013] This invention is directed to a method for the antioxidative and antimicrobiological preservation of milk and dairy products comprising adding natural preservatives prepared from extracts of plants of the labiatae family or mixtures thereof to the milk or dairy products. The labiatae family includes, inter alia, rosemary, sage, lemon balm, oregano, savory, mint and thyme.
[0014] The major active substances in the extracts from plants of the labiatae family are carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and derivatives thereof. Carnosic acid is an oil-soluble active substance, while rosmarinic acid is a water-soluble active substance.
[0015] The oil-soluble extract from plants of the labiatae family contains up to 100 % by weight of carnosic acid. The water-soluble extract from plants of the labiatae family contains up to 100 % by weight of rosmarinic acid. According to this invention, the natural preservative prepared and added to the milk or dairy products comprises either one of or a mixture of the oil-soluble and the water soluble extracts.
[0016] According to certain embodiments of the invention, the extracts from plants of the labiatae family and their mixtures are combined with any appropriate additive or carrier. When the additive or carrier dilutes the extract, it allows the extract to be better distributed in the product that is to be preserved and eases the handling thereof. Such additives include propylene glycol, maltodextrin, sugar, edible oil, edible salt and any other additives approved for consumption, as well as mixtures thereof. According to further embodiments, an emulsifier approved for consumption is added to the extract. According to further embodiments, an antioxidant approved for consumption is added to the extract.
[0017] According to further embodiments, additional plant extracts that have antioxidative and/or antimicrobial activity are added to the milk and/or dairy products. According to some embodiments, the additional plant extracts are selected from green tea extract, citrus extracts, citrus extracts based on naringin, olive extract, hops extract, carrot extract, guarana extract, grape seed extract, pomegranate extract and mixtures thereof. The various extracts, additives and carriers may be added to the milk or dairy products in a single solution or in several separate solutions, simultaneously or separately.
[0018] According to this invention, at least one of the additives, carriers or the additional active ingredients may have a synergistic effect with the labiatae extract. A combination of the extract of labiatae with synergists contributes to an improved synergistic antioxidative and antimicrobial protection of the product.
[0019] According to this invention, the labiatae extracts as well as their mixtures are used in concentrations varying for each type of milk product so that they do not alter the organoleptic characteristics thereof. Further, thermal treatment (e.g., pasteurization) of the milk or dairy product does not affect their activity.
[0020] According to certain embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients (i.e., mainly the sum of the carnosic acid and the rosmarinic acid), added to the milk or dairy product is about 1.0-1000 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 1.0-50 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 1.0-10 mg/kg. According to further
embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 10-20 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 20-30 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 30-40 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 40-50 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 50-60 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 60-70 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 70-80 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 80-90 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 90-100 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 100-200 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 200-300 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 300-400 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 400-500 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 500-600 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 600-700 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 700-800 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 800-900 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 900-1000 mg/kg. According to another embodiemnt, the total concentration of the active ingredients is above about 1.0 mg/kg. According to another embodiemnt, the total concentration of the active ingredients is less than about 1000 mg/kg. According to another embodiemnt, the total concentration of the active ingredients is less than about 100 mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 40mg/kg. According to further embodiments, the total concentration of the active ingredients is about 20 mg/kg.
[0021] According to certain embodiments, the natural preservative of this invention is added directly to the milk and/or dairy products. According to further embodiments, the natural preservative of this invention is added to the milk, prior to the production of the dairy product therefrom.
[0022] Various aspects of the invention are described in greater detail in the following Examples, which represent embodiments of this invention, and are by no means to be interpreted as limiting the scope of this invention.
EXAMPLES
[0023] The rosemary extract used in the following examples was prepared conventionally, i.e., by extracting rosemary with acetone, filtering and evaporating the solvent. Further, in all of the following examples, where a rosemary extract mixture was added to the sample, the mixture comprised about 10% rosemary extract (to yield 4% camosic acid), about 10% delta tocopherol, about 5% gamma tocopherol, about 0.8% alpha tocopherol, about 0.1% beta tocopherol, about 20% DATEM and rapeseed oil as a carrier to complete to 100%.
EXAMPLE 1
[0024] The following butter samples were prepared:
■ Butter Sample 1 (0.1% rosemary extract sample): a rosemary extract, in a concentration of 0.1 wt. % (corresponding to 40 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid), was added to butter melted over a water bath at a temperature of 40°C;
■ Butter Sample 2 (0.05% Mixture Sample): A mixture of a rosemary extract with tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier in a concentration of 0.05 wt.% (corresponding to 20 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid) was added to butter melted over a water bath at a temperature of 40°C;
■ Butter Sample 3 (0.1% Mixture Sample): A mixture of a rosemary extract with tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier in a concentration of 0.1 wt.% (corresponding to 40 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid) was added to butter melted over a water bath at a temperature of 40°C;
■ Butter Control: a control sample of butter without any additives was also prepared.
[0025] In order to asses the oxidative stability of the butter samples, the Rancimat test was performed at 100°C on three grams of each of the samples. The Rancimat test is used to conductometrically measure the obtained products of oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. The result is given as induction time, i.e. the time in which the peroxide number achieves the value of 100 micro eq/kg of fat. In order to perform the Rancimat test, the cell was heated to 100°C and the samples were aerated in order to promote oxidation.
[0026] As shown in Figure 1, the 0.1 wt.% rosemary extract butter sample had, approximately, a five-times longer induction time, i.e., a five times better oxidative stability, in comparison to the control sample. Further, the 0.05% Mixture Sample had, approximately, a nine times longer
induction time in comparison to the control sample and the 0.1% Mixture Sample had, approximately, an 11 times longer induction time in comparison to the control sample.
EXAMPLE 2
[0027] The following cream samples were prepared:
■ Cream Sample 1 (0.1% rosemary extract sample): a rosemary extract, in a concentration of 0.1 wt. % (corresponding to 40 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid), was stirred into cream comprising 40% fat. The cream was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 15 days.
■ Cream Sample 2 (0.05% Mixture Sample): A mixture of a rosemary extract with tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier in a concentration of 0.05 wt.% (corresponding to 20 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid) was stirred into cream comprising 40% fat. The cream was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 15 days;
■ Cream Sample 3 (0.1% Mixture Sample): A mixture of a rosemary extract with tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier in a concentration of 0.1 wt.% (corresponding to 40 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid) was stirred into cream comprising 40% fat. The cream was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 15 days;
■ Cream Control: a control sample of cream comprising 40% fat without any additives was also kept in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 15 days.
[0028] In order to asses the degradation of each cream sample, the acid value of each sample was assessed on day 15 according to the following procedure:
The acid value is defined according to the mass of KOH in milligrams that is required to neutralize the free fatty acids contained in lg of oil or fat. Accordingly, lOg of the tested sample were placed in an Erlenmeyer. 50ml of the mixture of the solvents ethanol and diethyleter, in a volume ratio 1 :1, were added into the Erlenmeyer, and the mixture was shaken well. Three drops of a phenolphthalein solution were added to the solution in the Erlenmeyer. The solution was then titrated with a 0.1M solution of potassium hydroxide until the colour switched from colourless to pink. The acid value (AV) was calculated by the following formula:
AV=(10*b*f*0.561)/a
wherein: AV- acid value (mg of KOH / g of fat)
a- weighed sample (g)
b- amount (in ml) of potassium hydroxide used for the titration
f- a factor relating to the molar concentration of the potassium hydroxide, in this example equalling 0.1
0.561 factor referring to molar mass of potassium hydroxide (56.1) and to 1 g of fat, if the titration is performed with 0.1 M solution of potassium hydroxide
[0029] As shown in Figure 2, the 0.1% rosemary extract sample had a 30% lower acid value than the control, corresponding to a 30% higher oxidative stability. Further, the 0.05% Mixture Sample had a 56% lower acid value than the control and the 0.1% Mixture Sample had a 57% lower acid value than the control.
EXAMPLE 3
[0030] They following whey samples were prepared:
[0031] Whey Sample 1 (0.1% rosemary extract sample): a rosemary extract, in a concentration of 0.1 wt. % (corresponding to 40 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid), was stirred into a whey concentrate comprising 0.3% fat. The whey concentrate was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for three weeks.
Whey Sample 2 (0.05% Mixture Sample): A mixture of a rosemary extract with tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier in a concentration of 0.05 wt.% (corresponding to 20 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid) was stirred into a whey concentrate comprising 0.3% fat. The whey concentrate was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for three weeks;
Whey Sample 3 (0.1% Mixture Sample): A mixture of a rosemary extract with tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier in a concentration of 0.1 wt.% (corresponding to 40 mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid) was stirred into a whey concentrate comprising 0.3% fat. The whey concentrate was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for three weeks;
[0032] Whey Control: a control sample of a whey concentrate comprising 0.3% fat without any additives was also kept in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for three weeks.
[0033] In order to asses the degradation of the whey samples, the optical density of each sample was assessed after three weeks using the thiobarbituric acid (TB A) test.
[0034] The TBA test is an empirical method for the assessment of the oxidation levels of fats and fat containing food, wherein the test results are related to the level of aldehydes present in the fats. Thiobarbituric acid specifically reacts with malonaldehyde (MDA), which yields a red chromogen, the quantity of which is determined by spectrophotometry. The result is given as the optical density measured at wavelength 532 nm. A lower optical density is a sign of a more oxidative stable product.
[0035] The TBA test was performed as follows on each of the above whey samples, including the control sample:
17.6 ml of each sample were placed in an Erlenmeyer and heated to 30 °C in water bath. 1ml of trichloroacetic acid and 2ml of 95 wt. % ethanol were added to the Erlenmeyer, which was then covered and shaken for 10 seconds. After five minutes, the contents were filtered through filter paper. 1.4 g of 2-thiobarbituric acid were diluted in 95 wt. % ethanol to a volume of 100 ml to prepare a TBA solution. 4ml of the filtrate were mixed together with 1ml of the TBA solution in a test tube. The test tube was covered, stirred and heated in a water bath at a temperature of 60°C for 60 minutes. A blank sample, for spectroscopic measurements, was prepared in the same way, only that 4 ml of distilled water were placed into the test tube instead of the filtrate. Finally, the sample was cooled and the optical density (D) was measured at 532 nm.
[0036] As shown in Figure 3, the optical density of the 0.1% rosemary extract sample was 69% lower than that of the control sample, i.e., had a 69% better oxidative stability. Further, the optical density of the 0.05% Mixture Sample was 52% lower than that of the control and the optical density of the 0.1% Mixture Sample was 70% lower than that of the control.
EXAMPLE 4
Milk powder was prepared from pasteurised milk according to the following description. Pasteurised milk with a standardized milk fat content of 3.2% was placed in two separate vessels. A mixture of rosemary extract, tocopherols and the DATEM emulsifier was added to one of the vessels in a concentration of 0.1 wt.% (corresponding to 40mg/kg of carnosol acid with traces of about 0.5% rosmarinic acid), calculated per dry matter of liquid milk.The milk in the second vessel was kept as a control sample and no additives were added thereto.
[0037] Each sample was heated to about 95°C and was then condensed in a multi-stage vaporizer. Since the vaporizer is held at a low pressure of -0.5 bar the temperature of the milk decreased during the vaporization process to about 45 - 47 °C. After condensation, the amount of the dry substances in the milk raised from 12% to about 47-48%.
[0038] Then condensed milk was pumped at a high pressure of 200 bar into a drying column, which was held at a temperature of about 190 - 200 °C, where the milk was dried by dispersion, i.e., by spraying it through nozzles in a fine mist. The obtained powder was further dried in an instantizer, i.e., a fluidised bed drier, to the desired final content of humidity, which was 4%, cooled to 10-15°C and packed in suitable packaging, i.e., in a polyethylene bag placed in paper bag.
[0039] Once dried, the content of the carnosol acid in the prepared milk powder was determined using an HPLC and an electrochemical detector. The content corresponded to the value determined initially, i.e., 0.1% in the preserved powdered milk sample (and 0.0% in the control), and therefore, it was clear that the active ingredient is stable during the vaporization and drying processes detailed above.
[0040] The milk powder was kept at room temperature for 12 months and the optical density thereof was measured on a monthly basis using the TBA test. In order to perform the TBA test, the milk powder was diluted in warm water at a ratio of 12.5:87.5 (milk powder : water) and the TBA test was performed as described above in Example 3. As shown in Figure 4, the difference between the optical density of the preserved 0.1% Mixture Sample and the Control Sample, which does not comprise any preservatives, grew with time, and after a year the preserved Mixture Sample outperformed the Control Sample by a factor of 3.2, i.e., the oxidative stability thereof after a year was 3.2-times better.
[0041] In addition to the TBA test, the acid value of the Mixture Sample and the Control Sample were measured on a monthly basis, according to the procedure described in Example 2. The results of the acid value tests are presented in Figure 5 .vs. time, showing that the difference between the acid value of the preserved Mixture Sample and the Control Sample grew with time and that after a year the preserved milk powder, prepared according to this invention, (Mixture Sample) outperformed the non-preserved sample (Control Sample) by a factor of 2.4.
[0042] Further, the microbial contents of both milk powder samples were assessed after four months of storage at room temperature and the results are presented in Table I, below.
Table I
[0043] As shown in Table I, the microbial content of the 0.1% Mixture Sample was consistently lower than that of the control sample (or they were both under the detection limit). Further, the total count of microorganisms in the 0.1% Mixture Sample was found to be five times lower that that of the control sample, showing that the addition of the natural preservative inhibited the growth of bacteria in the milk powder.
[0044] While certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents will now occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
Claims
1. A preservative for milk and dairy products comprising an extract from a plant of the labiatae family or a mixture of two or more extracts of plants of the labiatae family.
2. The preservative according to claim 1, wherein the extract is water-soluble, oil-soluble, or a mixture of water-soluble and oil-soluble materials.
3. The preservative according to claim 1 further comprising at least one additive or carrier approved for consumption.
4. The preservative according to claim 3, wherein the additive or carrier is propylene glycol, maltodextrin, sugar, edible oil, edible salt, an emulsifier, an antioxidant, or any combination thereof.
5. The preservative according to claim 1, further comprising at least one additional plant extract.
6. The preservative according to claim 1, wherein the additional plant extract is selected from green tea extract, citrus extracts, citrus extracts based on naringin, olive extract, hops extract, carrot extract, guarana extract, grape seed extract, pomegranate extract and mixtures thereof.
7. A method for preserving milk or dairy products including the addition of the preservative according to any one of claims 1 -6 to said milk or dairy products.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the preservative is added in an amount of more than about 1.Omg/kg carnosic acid or rosmary or a combination thereof .
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the preservative is added in an amount of about 1.0-100 mg/kg carnosic acid or rosmary or a combination thereof.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the preservative is added directly to the milk or dairy products.
11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the prservative is added to the milk prior to the production of the dairy product therefrom.
12. The method according to claim 7, wherein said method does not alter the organoleptic characteristics of the milk or dairy products.
13. The method according to claim 7, wherein the thermal treatment of the milk or dairy products does not affect the activity of the preservative.
14. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the addition of an additional plant extract selected from green tea extract, citrus extracts, citrus extracts based on naringin, olive extract, hops extract, carrot extract, guarana extract, grape seed extract, pomegranate extract and mixtures thereof
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WO2015196099A1 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-23 | Kemin Industries, Inc. | Ingredients for delaying milk fat oxidation |
WO2016083851A1 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-06-02 | Kourellas Theodoros | Method for producing dairy products with the addition of essential oils |
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US20030138537A1 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-24 | Bailey David T. | Methods of preparing improved water-soluble extracts containing antioxidants and uses thereof |
US20040033299A1 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2004-02-19 | Simmons Paul L. | Food and beverage preservative |
US20090214712A1 (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2009-08-27 | The Coca Cola Company | Milk-Based Beverage and Method for Preventing Off-Flavors in a Milk-Based Beverage |
AU2008221548A1 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-04-08 | Greentaste Pty Ltd | Method For and Composition of Excipient Suitable for Use in Herbal Formulations and Formulations Derived Therefrom |
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2010
- 2010-07-13 SI SI201000210A patent/SI23410A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2011
- 2011-07-12 WO PCT/IB2011/001614 patent/WO2012007818A2/en active Application Filing
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015196099A1 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-23 | Kemin Industries, Inc. | Ingredients for delaying milk fat oxidation |
US9848613B2 (en) | 2014-06-19 | 2017-12-26 | Kemin Industries, Inc. | Ingredients for delaying milk fat oxidation |
WO2016083851A1 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-06-02 | Kourellas Theodoros | Method for producing dairy products with the addition of essential oils |
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WO2012007818A3 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
SI23410A (en) | 2012-01-31 |
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