WO2012007772A2

WO2012007772A2 - Dispensing apparatus and container for dispensing frozen confections

Info

Publication number: WO2012007772A2
Application number: PCT/GB2011/051347
Authority: WO
Inventors: Shane Mcgill; Martin White
Original assignee: Mcgill Technology Limited
Priority date: 2010-07-16
Filing date: 2011-07-18
Publication date: 2012-01-19
Also published as: WO2012007772A3

Abstract

A dispensing apparatus is used to dispense frozen or semi frozen confection or dessert such as ice cream and sorbet from a deformable bulk container. A dispensing mechanism includes a plunger arranged for downward movement relative to the container, for deforming the container and expressing product through an outlet in the container. A control system is programmed to control operation of the plunger, for dispensing individual portions of product from the container via the dispensing mechanism. The container is configured for coaxial collapse along a central axis in the direction of the outlet. The outlet is off set from the central axis. The apparatus has a front, rear and two sides and the outlet is presented generally at the front of the apparatus.

Description

Dispensing apparatus and container for dispensing frozen confections

The present invention relates to apparatus for dispensing food product from a bulk source, in particular to apparatus for dispensing frozen confections such as ice cream and sorbet from a bulk source, e.g. from a multi portion container of ice cream or the like. The also relates to methods for dispensing food product from a bulk source, in particular methods for dispensing frozen confections such as ice cream and sorbet from a bulk source, e.g. from a multi portion container of ice cream or the like. The invention further relates to a bulk container for dispensing food product, in particular a bulk container for dispensing frozen confections such as ice cream and sorbet.

It is known to dispense individual portions of ice cream or similar frozen confections (such as sorbet and the like) from a multi-portion container, hereinafter referred to as a 'bulk' container. For example, WO89/05096 describes a dispensing apparatus for expressing individual portions of ice cream through an outlet in a deformable bulk container of ice cream. In particular, a drive mechanism is operable to drive a plunger downwards to compress the container and express product through the outlet. A problem occurs when trying to accurately control and/or monitor the dispensing of specific portion sizes of product from the container. This problem can be particularly acute when handling frozen or semi frozen product at low temperatures.

The invention overcomes or mitigates one or more of the problems referred to above, and/or one or more other problems associated with known dispensing apparatus for use in dispensing frozen confections, and/or known containers for use in dispensing frozen confections.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a container in accordance with claim 1.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for dispensing frozen confection or dessert such as ice cream and sorbet from a bulk container, the apparatus including:

a bulk container for storing multiple portions of product to be dispensed, wherein the container has an outlet and is of deformable construction, for reducing the internal volume of the container and expressing product through the outlet; a dispensing mechanism having a plunger arranged for movement relative to the container, for deforming the container and expressing product through the outlet;

and a control system programmed to control operation of the plunger, for dispensing individual portions of product from the container via the dispensing mechanism;

wherein the apparatus includes a motor having an rotatable output, wherein rotation of the output in a first direction causes movement of the plunger in a dispensing direction for deforming the bulk container, and wherein the control system is programmed to dispense a predefined portion size of product from the bulk container on demand, corresponding to a predefined number of revolutions of the rotatable output of the motor.

In exemplary embodiments, the control system is programmed for dispensing different predefined portion sizes of product from the bulk container on demand, each predefined portion size of product corresponding to a respective predefined number of revolutions of the output.

In exemplary embodiments, the control system is programmed to monitor the volume of product remaining in the bulk container, based upon the number of revolutions of the output of the motor. In exemplary embodiments, the control system is programmed to generate an alert signal when a predefined number of revolutions of the motor output has been reached, indicative that the container needs to be replaced.

In exemplary embodiments, the control system is programmed to record the time elapsed between generation of the alert signal and the first subsequent operation of the motor in a dispensing operation with a replacement container.

In exemplary embodiments, the control system is programmed to return the plunger to a return position in which the container can be removed and replaced, once said predefined number of revolutions of the motor output has been reached.

In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus further includes a nozzle through which product from the container outlet is dispensed, and a valve assembly in communication with said nozzle, for selectively closing or opening said nozzle, wherein operation of said valve assembly is controlled by said control system and wherein the control system is programmed to close the valve assembly to prevent express of product from the outlet, once said predefined number of revolutions of the motor output has been reached.

In exemplary embodiments, the valve assembly includes a pair of jaws configured to pinch the material of the nozzle in order to prevent egress through the nozzle, and wherein the jaws may be configured to accommodate the known pinched profile of the nozzle to prevent splitting of the nozzle.

In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus further includes an encoder (e.g. an optical rotary encoder) for monitoring the number of revolutions of the rotatable output of the motor.

In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus further includes a lead screw which is driven in response to movement of the rotatable output of the motor, and wherein the movement of the plunger is dependent on movement of the lead screw.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of dispensing a frozen confection or frozen dessert such as ice cream, the method including the steps of pre- packing the frozen confection/dessert in a bulk container at a remote location, shipping the pre-packed bulk container to a dispensing location, mounting the bulk container in a dispensing machine, wherein the container is stored at a temperature in the region of -18 °C or colder for normal operation inside the dispensing machine (e.g. to prevent degradation of the product in the container), using the dispensing machine to carry out a dispensing operation to dispense a portion of product from the bulk container on demand, whereby a portion of product is extruded from the container by the application of pressure to the container, so that product is discharged through a discharge nozzle in communication with the container.

The discharge nozzle may be integral with the container or coupled with an outlet of the container. In exemplary embodiments, the container is fitted inside the machine such that a portion of the discharge nozzle extends within a refrigerated area of the dispensing machine and a portion of the discharge nozzle including the discharge end of the discharge nozzle is arranged outside of the refrigerated area. The method may further include the step of providing an enclosure for the portion of the discharge nozzle which is outside of the refrigerated area after a dispensing operation. Cold or refrigerated air may be provided around the portion of the discharge nozzle adjacent the discharge end (e.g. within the enclosure) to maintain a cold or refrigerated condition of the product in discharge nozzle e.g. to prevent degradation of the product inside the discharge nozzle.

In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing machine includes a motor having a rotatable output, wherein rotation of the output in a first direction causes movement of a plunger in a dispensing direction for extruding product from the container, and wherein a control system is programmed to dispense a predefined portion size of product from the bulk container on demand, corresponding to a predefined number of revolutions of the output.

a bulk container for storing multiple portions of product to be dispensed, wherein the container has an outlet and is of deformable construction, for reducing the internal volume of the container and expressing product through the outlet;

a dispensing mechanism having a plunger arranged for movement relative to the container, for deforming the container and expressing product through the outlet;

wherein the container has a body configured for coaxial collapse along a central longitudinal axis of the body in the direction of the outlet, in order to express product from the container,

wherein the plunger is concentric with said central longitudinal axis of the body, the apparatus further including a rotatable lead screw and rotation of the lead screw in a first direction causes movement of the plunger in a dispensing direction and rotation of the lead screw in a second direction causes movement of the plunger in a return direction, and wherein the lead screw is parallel with the central longitudinal axis of the container, and is arranged behind the container, for example within the width of the container, when viewed from the front of the apparatus.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for dispensing frozen confection or dessert such as ice cream and sorbet from a bulk container, the apparatus including: a bulk container for storing multiple portions of product to be dispensed, wherein the container has an outlet and is of deformable construction, for reducing the internal volume of the container and expressing product through the outlet;

wherein a nozzle is connected to the outlet of the container, the nozzle having a dispensing end from which product is dispensed to the consumer,

the apparatus further including a valve assembly in communication with said nozzle, for selectively opening or closing said nozzle, wherein the valve assembly includes a pair of jaws configured to pinch the nozzle in order to prevent egress of product through the nozzle.

In exemplary embodiments, the jaws are configured to accommodate the pinched profile of the nozzle to prevent splitting of the nozzle. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of dispensing a frozen confection or dessert such as ice cream, the method including the steps of pre-packing the frozen dessert in a container at a remote location, shipping the pre-packed container to a dispensing location, mounting the container in a dispensing machine, wherein the container is stored at a temperature of -18oC or colder whilst inside the dispensing machine in order to prevent degradation of the product in the container, using the dispensing machine to carry out a dispensing operation on demand, whereby product is extruded from the container by the application of pressure to the container, so that product is discharged through a discharge nozzle integral with or arranged in communication with the container, wherein a portion of the discharge nozzle extends within a refrigerated area of the dispensing machine and a portion of the discharge nozzle including the discharge end of the discharge nozzle is arranged outside of the refrigerated area, and wherein the method further includes the step of enclosing the portion of the discharge nozzle which is outside of the refrigerated area after a dispensing operation, and providing cold or refrigerated air around the portion of the discharge nozzle to maintain the cold temperature condition of the product in discharge nozzle thus to prevent degradation of the product inside the discharge nozzle. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of dispensing a frozen confection or dessert such as ice cream, the method including the steps of pre-packing the frozen dessert in a container at a remote location, shipping the pre-packed container to a dispensing location, mounting the container in a dispensing machine, wherein the container is stored at a temperature of -18oC or colder whilst inside the dispensing machine in order to prevent degradation of the product in the container, using the dispensing machine to carry out a dispensing operation on demand, whereby product is extruded from the container by the application of pressure to the container, so that product is discharged through a discharge nozzle integral with or arranged in communication with the container, wherein the dispensing machine includes a plunger arranged for deforming the container and expressing product through the outlet, a motor having an rotatable output, wherein rotation of the output in a first direction causes movement of the plunger in a dispensing direction for deforming the bulk container, and a control system for controlling operation of the plunger, for dispensing individual portions of product from the container, and wherein the method includes the step of using the control system to dispense a predefined portion size of product from the bulk container on demand, corresponding to a predefined number of revolutions of the rotatable output of the motor.

wherein the apparatus includes a rotary encoder in communication with a rotary drive system for the plunger, and wherein the control system is programmed to dispense a predefined portion size of product from the bulk container on demand, corresponding to a predefined number of revolutions of the rotary drive system.

In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus further includes a motor driven actuator having an output movable from a first position to a second position for driving the plunger against the container in response to movement of the rotatable output of the motor. In exemplary embodiments, the actuator is arranged above the container and the output of the actuator is arranged to move along or parallel with the axis of collapse of the container and/or the operative axis of movement of the plunger.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a container for dispensing frozen or semi frozen confection, the container comprising a body defining a central longitudinal axis, the body having first and second ends, with an outlet at the first end, wherein the body is configured for coaxial collapse along said central longitudinal axis of the body in the direction of the outlet, in order to express product from the container, and wherein the second end comprises a large diameter opening suitable for receiving a product filling device and an end cap configured to provide a closure for the large diameter opening, in order to define a closed end of the container after the container has been at least partially filled with product through the large diameter opening, further wherein the diameter of the outlet is smaller than the large diameter opening. The configuration of the container according to this aspect of the invention makes it easier to fill the container with frozen or viscous product and reduces the likelihood of air bubbles and voids being formed within said product (inside the container) as a result of the filling process. Hence, accuracy of portion control from bulk storage within the container can be improved. The configuration is particularly suited to a collapsible container of the kind having a concertina-like periphery into which the product is filled, reducing the tendency for air pockets to form where product should be, thereby improving automated portion control.

One application for the container is in the bulk storage and dispensing of ice cream and other such frozen or semi frozen desserts through an automated dispensing apparatus, e.g. of the kind described or illustrated herein. In exemplary embodiments, the container is configured to collapse under the influence of a plunger or other object acting against the container. The collapse of the container may be controlled by time -elapse of plunger movement or by a prefixed number of revolutions of the plunger drive motor. This may be controlled by an encoder fitted to the motor or other moving item linked to the motor, e.g. as described herein.

In exemplary embodiments, the container is charged with product and the end cap is fitted in a non-return relationship with the large diameter opening.

In exemplary embodiments, the periphery of the body is of a generally concertina-like form, defining a plurality of concertina sections configured to collapse when the closed end of the container is moved in the direction of the outlet end. In exemplary embodiments, the large diameter opening corresponds generally to the minimum internal diameter of the body defined by the inner radial extent of the concertina sections.

In exemplary embodiments, the outlet is off set from the central longitudinal axis of the body. In exemplary embodiments, the body is generally circular in plan view along the central longitudinal axis.

In exemplary embodiments, the body is of blow moulded construction. In exemplary embodiments, the end cap is a separate item of injection moulded construction.

In exemplary embodiments, the closed end includes a recess or other formation configured for locating an auxiliary device intended to apply a load to the closed end in order to collapse the container along the central longitudinal axis.

In exemplary embodiments, the outlet end includes a recess or other formation configured for locating the lower end of the container correctly on a seating configured for receiving the container and having a complimentary recess or other formation to ensure correct alignment of the container on the seating. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of dispensing a frozen or semi frozen confection or dessert such as ice cream, the method including the steps of pre-packing the frozen dessert in a bulk container at a remote location, wherein the container comprises a body having a central longitudinal axis, first and second ends, and an outlet at the first end, wherein the body is configured for coaxial collapse along said central longitudinal axis of the body in the direction of the outlet, in order to express product from the container, and wherein the second end comprises a large diameter opening for receiving a product filling device and an end cap configured to provide a closure for the large diameter opening and so define a closed end of the container after the container has been at least partially filled with product through the large diameter opening, and wherein the diameter of the outlet is smaller than the diameter of the large diameter opening

the method including the steps of at least partially filling the body of the container with multiple portions of product at a filling location using a product filling device having an outlet located through the large diameter opening of the container, removing the product filling device, and applying the end cap to the large diameter opening to provide a closed end to the container opposite the outlet end, the method further including the step of applying pressure to the closed end of the container at a dispensing location to express at least one portion of product from the outlet of the container. In exemplary embodiments, the at least partially filled container is shipped to a dispensing location remote from the filling location after the end cap has been fitted to the large diameter opening.

58. The method according to claim 56 or claim 57 wherein the at least partially filled container is mounted in a dispensing machine, wherein the container is stored at a temperature of -18 °C or colder whilst inside the dispensing machine in order to prevent degradation of the product in the container.

59. The method according to claim 58 wherein the dispensing machine is used to carry out a dispensing operation at the dispensing location, to dispense a portion of product from the container on demand, whereby a portion of product is extruded from the container by the application of pressure to the container, so that the product is discharged through the outlet of the container. Other aspects and features of the invention will be apparent from the claims and the following description of exemplary embodiments, made by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a bulk container for storing and dispensing product; Figure 2 is schematic view from the rear of the bulk container in Figure 1 ;

Figure 3 is schematic view from beneath the bulk container in Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the region B in Figure 2;

Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the region A in Figure 1 ;

Figure 6 is a schematic view from the front of a dispensing apparatus loaded with the bulk container of Figure 1 ;

Figure 7 is similar to Figure 6 but shows the dispensing apparatus without the container; Figure 8 is a schematic perspective view from the rear of the dispensing apparatus in Figures 6 and 7, showing the container of Figure 1 in place;

Figure 9 is similar to Figure 8 but shows the apparatus without the container;

Figure 10 is a schematic perspective view of a valve assembly for use with the apparatus of Figures 6 to 9;

Figure 11 is an enlarged view of the region A in Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a front view of the valve assembly of Figure 11 ;

Figure 13 is a side view of the pinched profile of the nozzle shown in Figure 10;

Figure 14 is a plan view of the pinched nozzle shown in Figure 13;

Figure 15 shows plan and side views of the valve assembly of Figure 11 in a closed state, but without a nozzle in place;

Figure 16 shows plan and side views of the valve assembly of Figure 11 in an open state without a nozzle in place;

Figure 17 is a schematic perspective view of a dispensing machine having a refrigerated housing which incorporates the apparatus of Figures 6 to 9.

Figure 18 is a schematic side view of a modified plunger arrangement with detection switches; Figure 19 is a schematic side view of a dispensing machine having a drop down enclosure for the dispensing nozzle;

Figure 20 is similar to Figure 19 but shows enclosure in an operative position around the dispensing nozzle;

Figure 21 is a schematic perspective view of a bulk container for storing and dispensing product;

Figure 22 is schematic cross-sectional of the container in Figure 21 ;

Figure 23 is an enlarged view of portion A in Figure 22; Figure 24 is similar to Figure 22 and shows the container prior to assembly with the nozzle cap and end cap removed;

Figure 25 is an enlarged view of the region B in Figure 24;

Figure 26 is similar to Figure 21 and shows the container with the end cap removed;

Figure 27 is a schematic perspective view of a modified end cap for the container of Figure 21, having non-return formations;

Figure 28 is an enlarged view of the region C in Figure 27;

Figure 29 is similar to Figure 22 and shows the modified end cap attached to the container, and further wherein a nozzle is fitted to the outlet of the container;

Figure 30 is an enlarged view of the region D in Figure 29;

Figure 31 is a schematic cross-section showing the container of Figure 23 after filling with product and with a nozzle attached to the outlet, wherein a plunger is arranged to collapse the container;

Figure 32 shows the container and plunger arrangement of Figure 31 with the container in a fully collapsed state;

Figure 33 is an enlarged view of the region E in Figure 32;

Figure 34 shows an alternative arrangement wherein bulk product is provided in a deformable bag having a closed upper end and a nozzle attached to its lover end, with a plunger arranged to deform the bag and extrude product through the nozzle;

Figure 35 shows the bag and plunger arrangement of Figure 34 with the bag in a fully collapsed state; and

Figure 36 is an enlarged view of the region F in Figure 35.

Referring to Figures 1 to 3, a bulk container for use in the extrusion of frozen confection, such as ice cream and sorbet, is indicated at 10. The container 10 has a body 12 of generally cylindrical form. The body 12 is generally circular in plan view (see Figure 3) and defines a central longitudinal axis (not shown).

The container 10 has an outlet 14 at one end 16 of the body 12. The opposite end 18 of the body 12 is closed. The container 10 is intended to be filled with product through the outlet 14. Once filled, the outlet 14 is the only place from which product may be expressed or accessed from the container 10, without breaking into the body 12.

In this embodiment, the outlet 14 is off set from the central longitudinal axis of the container 10. As will be apparent below, the off set position of the outlet 14 has advantageous benefit when locating the container 10 in an apparatus for dispensing product from the container 10. The outlet 14 defines a neck 20 configured for connection to a closure cap or dispensing nozzle (not shown) through which product from the container 10 may be dispensed. In this embodiment, the neck includes a threaded formation, for threaded interconnection with a cap (not shown) to provide a closure for the container. In use, a selectively accessible aperture is formed in the centre of the cap, so that a dispensing nozzle can arranged to extend through the cap. The cap is then threaded on to the neck of container, in order to hold the nozzle in communication with the outlet of the container, with the dispensing end of the nozzle remote from the container. The opposite end of the nozzle has a shoulder or flange (e.g. see item 39 in Figure 13), which is clamped between the cap and the neck 20 of the container 10.

The lower end 16 of the container 10 includes a locating formation 22, which in this embodiment is provided diametrically opposite the outlet 14, at a position offset from the central longitudinal axis of the container 10. In this embodiment, the locating formation takes the form of a projection on the lower end 16 of the container, which is intended to seat in a correspondingly formed recess in the apparatus into which the container is intended to be loaded for a dispensing operation, as will be described below.

The container 10 is intended to be at least partially pre-filled with ice cream or other frozen confection (e.g. at a remote packing location, for storage and transportation under freezing conditions to a dispensing location), and then located in a dispensing apparatus configured to apply pressure to the container 10 and so express product from the outlet 14.

To that end, the container 10 is of collapsible form, to enable the internal volume of the container 10 to be reduced in order to express product from the outlet 14. More particularly, the body 12 is configured for coaxial collapse along the central longitudinal axis of the body 12 in the direction of the outlet 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the body 12 is of a generally concertina-like form, defining a plurality of concertina sections 24, which are configured to collapse when the closed end 18 of the container 10 is moved in the direction of the outlet 14 as product is expressed from the outlet 14 of the container 10.

The upper end 18 of the container 10 may include a recess or other locating formation for locating a plunger (not shown) intended to engage the end 18 of the container 10, for compressing the container 10 along the central longitudinal axis, as will be described in more detail below.

In exemplary embodiments, the container 10 is of blow-moulded construction. The side walls may be of self-supporting construction, wherein the container 10 maintains the configuration shown in Figure 1 prior to filling or compression. In exemplary embodiments, the container is blow moulded and then compressed and held in a compressed state, prior to filling (e.g. in order reduce shipping volumes). In other embodiments, the container may have a normally collapsed state, prior to filling.

An example of an apparatus for dispensing product from a bulk container is indicated generally at 30 in Figures 6 to 9, and is described with reference to its exemplary use with the bulk container 10 of Figures 1 to 5.

The apparatus 30 includes a seating 32 for supporting the container 10 with its outlet 14 lowermost. The outlet 14 extends through the seating 32. Although not shown, the seating 32 may include a locating formation of predefined form and position, for complimentary engagement with the locating formation 22 on the lower end 16 of the container 10. This ensures that the container 10 is correctly located in the seating 32. A switch or other device may be provided to detect when the container 10 has been correctly fitted.

The seating 32 is configured so that the offset outlet 14 is presented at a front of the apparatus 30, rather than at a central location on the seating 32 (as would be the case if the outlet 14 was concentric with the central longitudinal axis of the container 10). This provides for easier access to the outlet 14 (and any associated dispensing nozzle) for an operator when filling cups or cones or the like with product dispensed from the container 10. It also enables the depth of the apparatus (from front to back) to be reduced. As can be seen in Figure 6, a dispensing nozzle 34 has been arranged in communication with the outlet 14, in this embodiment by threaded interconnection between a cap 36 and the neck 20 of the container 10, wherein a shoulder or flange on the nozzle 34 is clamped between the cap 36 and the neck 20 of the container, in order to hold the nozzle 34 in place. The dispensing nozzle 34 has a dispensing end 38 remote from the container 10 and through which product is expressed, in use. In this embodiment, the dispensing nozzle 34 has a main bore portion 35 of tapered construction (reducing diameter in the direction of the dispensing end 38).

In this embodiment, the main bore portion 35 is of a relatively soft, deformable configuration, to enable it to be pinched or otherwise compressed to close, as will be described below. The dispensing nozzle 34 may be an injection moulded component.

The apparatus 30 includes a dispensing mechanism indicated generally at 40 for compressing the container 10 (when the container 10 is correctly received on the seating 32), so as to express product from the container 10. The dispensing mechanism 40 includes a plunger 42 arranged for reciprocating movement relative to the seating 32, up and down as viewed in Figure 6. The plunger 42 is intended to engage the upper end 18 of the container 10. The arrangement is such that the axis of movement of the plunger 42 is concentric with the central longitudinal axis of the container 10 when the container 10 is correctly received on the seating 32. In this embodiment, the plunger 42 is of generally the same diameter as the body 12 of the container 10. In this embodiment, the upper end 18 of the container 10 includes a concavity (see Figure 8) for locating a convex region 44 provided on the under side of the plunger 42, for ensuring concentric engagement between the plunger 42 and the container 10 (and concentric collapse of the container 10, in use).

In this embodiment, movement of the plunger 42 is controlled by a lead screw arrangement. More particularly, the dispensing mechanism 40 includes a single rotatable lead screw 46, which is arranged vertically with respect to the seating 32, so as to be parallel with the central longitudinal axis of a container 10 correctly located on the seating.

The dispensing mechanism 40 includes a drive motor 48, which is arranged to cause rotation the lead screw 46. A rigid arm or cantilever 50 is coupled to the lead screw 46, whereby rotation of the lead screw causes the arm 50 to move upwards or downwards, dependent upon the direction of rotation of the lead screw 46. The plunger 42 is carried on an underside of the rigid arm 50, so as to be movable therewith in response to operation of the motor 48.

The lead screw 46 is located between a pair of guide rails 52 extending parallel to the lead screw 46. The guide rails extend through the rigid arm 50 and serve to prevent or reduce twisting effects that might occur during loading of the container 10. As can be seen in Figure 6, the lead screw 46 is located behind the container 10 with respect to the front of the apparatus 30. Moreover, it can be seen that the lead screw 46 is located to the side of the longitudinal axis of the container, but within the effective width of the container 10 on the seating 32, thereby minimising the width of the apparatus 30 (i.e. from one side to the other side).

In this embodiment, the motor 48 has a longitudinal axis arranged perpendicular to lead screw 46 (best seen in see Figure 6). The motor 48 may have a higher voltage applied when the plunger 42 is being moved in a return/upward direction, e.g. to minimise the time required during changeover of containers 10.

In other embodiments (not shown), the dispensing mechanism 40 may include an actuator (e.g. a linear actuator) having an output which is arranged to move from a first position to second position (e.g. from a retracted position to an extended position) for driving the plunger 42 in a container deforming direction. For example, the lead screw and guide rail arrangement may be replaced by a linear actuator arranged above the plunger 42, with an output arranged to drive the plunger 42 against the container 10, e.g. in a generally downward direction, for deforming and collapsing the container 10 in the direction of the seating 32. The axis of movement of the output pay be concentric with the axis of movement of the plunger and/or the desired axis of collapse of the container.

Figures 10 to 12, 15 and 16 show a valve assembly 60 intended to be provided beneath the seating 32, for selectively closing the nozzle 34 of a container 10 correctly mounted on the apparatus 30.

The valve assembly 60 includes an actuator 62 in communication with a drive member 64 arranged to reciprocate along an axis which is arranged perpendicular to the lead screw 46, in use. Movement of the drive member 64 controls movement of a pair of jaws 66, to open or close in scissor-like manner dependent upon the direction of movement of the drive member 64.

In their closed position, the jaws 66 are arranged for pinching shut the bore portion 35 of the dispensing nozzle 35, in order to prevent the express of product through the nozzle 34. The opposing engagement surfaces 68 of the jaws 66 include notches 70, which are configured to cooperate with one another to form a recess 72 (see Figure 15), in order to accommodate the deformed shape of the nozzle 34 when pinched by the jaws 66 and thereby avoid any potential cracking of the nozzle 34 at the extremities of the pinched profile.

The pinched profile of nozzle 34 is shown in Figures 13 and 14. It can be seen that the central region of the bore 35 becomes closed, when compressed together by the engagement surfaces 68 of the jaws 66, so that no product is able to be expressed. However, a bulb 74 formed at the extremities of the compressed region, when viewed in plan (see Figure 14), and the notches 70 in the jaws 66 are shaped to accommodate these bulbs 74, to prevent splitting of the material.

Other valve assemblies may be incorporated for selectively preventing the passage of product from the container, e.g. in communication with the outlet of the container and/or in communication with the discharge nozzle (either by closing the discharge end of the nozzle or by pinching or otherwise closing the main bore of the nozzle).

Figure 17 shows an embodiment of a dispensing machine having a housing 80 which incorporates the apparatus 30, valve assembly 60 and container 10.

The housing 80 is, in effect, a refrigerated cabinet, for keeping the container 10 and product therein at a refrigerated temperature, e.g. -18°C (dependent upon the characteristics and desired state of the product to be dispensed). Only the dispensing end 38 of the nozzle 34 projects from the refrigerated housing 80.

In this embodiment, the housing 80 includes a door 82 in its front face 84, to enable front loading of a container 10 onto the seating 32.

As can be seen, the housing 80 is arranged so that the longitudinal axis of the container 10 is inclined from vertical, and the apparatus 30 is arranged so that the outlet 14 is adjacent the front of the housing 80. This provides easier access to the nozzle for an operator when filling cups or cones or the like with product from the container 10. It also enables the operator to view the discharge end 38 of the nozzle 34 more easily during a dispensing operation.

The housing 80 includes a refrigeration unit (not shown) of any form suitable for maintaining frozen confection, such as ice cream or sorbet, at a desired storage temperature, e.g. -18°C. In this embodiment , the housing 80 has a control panel or user interface 86, by means of which an operator can activate the dispensing mechanism 40. In this embodiment, the user interface 86 includes multiple selection options 88, which are representative of different dispensing operations, e.g. to dispense a small portion, a medium portion, a large portion (indicated by price, size or volume), and/or to provide continuous dispensing via a free serve option. This can be achieved by buttons 89, a dial or a touch screen (not shown), for example.

The apparatus 30 includes a control system 90 for automated dispensing of product from a container 10 loaded in the apparatus 30, e.g. in response to a selection made via the user interface 86. In exemplary embodiments, the control system 90 is programmed to control rotation of the lead screw 46, via the drive motor 48.

In this embodiment, the drive motor 48 has a rotatable output shaft. An encoder (e.g. an optical rotary encoder), indicated generally at 58 in Figure 9 only, is fitted to the output shaft. The encoder 58 enables the number of rotations of the motor output to be monitored. The number of rotations of the motor output equates to a distance of travel of rigid arm 50 or plunger 42. Hence, this may be used to monitor the volume of product dispensed from the container 10. Mounting the encoder on the motor shaft optimises the accuracy of the system. In other embodiments, the encoder may be fitted to the lead screw 46 or any other rotating part between the lead screw and the motor, so that the number of rotations of the encoder can be monitored and equated with movement of the plunger 42 and hence deformation of the container 10. It will be understood that a control system of the kind discussed above can also be incorporated into those embodiments having a linear actuator or other actuator for controlling movement of the plunger 42 (e.g. instead of the lead screw drive arrangement described above). For example, the actuator may incorporate a motor drive for driving the actuator output from a retracted position to an extended position (for driving the plunger against the container), e.g. via a mechanical linkage or other mechanism for transferring drive from the motor to the plunger. In exemplary embodiments the motor drive includes a rotatable shaft or other rotary component, and the encoder is arranged for monitoring rotation thereof, to indicate a corresponding movement of the plunger and hence deformation of the container. In other embodiments, the control system may be programmed to the operation of the actuator which is operable to drive the plunger 42, e.g. to control operation of a motor drive for the actuator. The control system 90 may be programmed to retract the plunger 42 automatically to its uppermost position (remote from the upper end of the container 10 and spaced therefrom to enable the container to be removed and replaced), herein after referred to as its 'home' position, after a predefined number of revolutions of the motor output. The control system 90 may be programmed to reset the encoder 58 (i.e. to indicate the number of revolutions of the motor output 56 is 'zero'), each time the plunger 42 is returned to its home position (e.g. when retracted fully to replace a container 10).

It will be understood that each revolution of the motor shaft relates to a downward movement of the plunger 42. Hence, a predefined number of revolutions can be used to indicate a specific portion size of product dispensed from the container 10 via the mechanism 40. This can be converted into volume data, so that the control system 90 will always know what volume of product is left in the container 10. This data may be stored internally or communicated to a remote location, e.g. a central control station. The control system 90 can be programmed to record and transmit a variety of data, such as the time when the container 10 was deemed to be empty or in need of replacement, the volume of product and/or the number of portions (per size) remaining in the container 10, the time delay between the container being deemed to be empty and a new container being loaded into the apparatus 30, the type of portions dispensed per cartridge (size/time/date), the volume dispensed (volume/time/date), etc.

The control system 90 is programmed to close the jaws 66 of the valve mechanism 60 at the end of a portion dispensing operation and to open for a replacement operation (e.g. with automatic closure once the container has been replaced and the door to the housing has been closed).

The control system 90 may be programmed to stop all operations when the door is open(ed).

The control system 90 may be programmed to lock the door 84 and prevent the door from being opened unless the unless plunger 42 is in its home position. An exemplary method of dispensing from the housing 80 is as follows:

Firstly, a suitably filled container 10 is loaded into the apparatus 30, correctly located on the seating 32, and the jaws 66 of the valve assembly 60 are then closed position to prevent egress of product from the nozzle 34 of the container 10.

A user selects a portion dispensing option from the interface 86. This triggers the control system 90 to open the jaws 66 around the nozzle 34 and also rotate the lead screw 46 in order to drive the rigid arm 50 downwards, and apply a load to the upper end of the container 10, via the plunger 42. Continued movement of the plunger 42 causes the container 10 to deform under load (in a direction coaxial with its longitudinal axis) and product is expressed through the nozzle 34, via the outlet 14.

In exemplary embodiments, the control system 90 monitors the number of rotations of the encoder 58 so that only a predefined number of revolutions of the motor output 56 occurs, corresponding to the size of portion selected. The control system 90 then operates the valve assembly 60, whereby the jaws 66 pinch shut the nozzle 34.

If the free-serve option is selected, the lead screw 46 will be rotated until the option is deselected (e.g. by releasing a button on the user interface). The control system 90 monitors the rotation of the encoder 58, in order to assess the volume dispensed, and may activate an auto-cut off after a predefined time period or predefined number of revolutions of the encoder or lead screw, in order to prevent abuse of the free serve option. In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus 30 is configured to detect the point at which product is ready to be expressed from the container 10, i.e. the point at which slack in the container 10 has been taken up by initial movement of the plunger 42.

An example arrangement is shown in Figure 18, wherein a shaft 93, which couples the plunger 42 with the rigid arm 50, is slidably received in a bore 94 on the arm 50. A spring 95 is arranged around the shaft 93 and between the upper side of the plunger 42 and the underside of the rigid arm 50. As the plunger 42 moves downwards, it is brought into contact with the upper end 18 of the container 10 and begins to compress the container 10. The spring 95 is configured to yield when the reaction force from the container 10 reaches a predefined level (e.g. indicative that any slack in the container has been taken up and the product is ready to express from the outlet of the container). As the spring 95 yields, the distance between the plunger 42 and the rigid arm 50 decreases and triggers a detector switch 96.

In exemplary embodiments, each activation of the detector switch 96 generates a signal which the control system uses to denote a datum point for the encoder 58, wherein subsequent revolutions of the encoder 58 are indicative of the container 10 being compressed and product being expressed from the container 10.

In exemplary embodiments, the control system 90 is programmed to hold the plunger 42 in contact with the container 10 (in a state of compression) for a predefined time period (e.g. in the range 10-60 seconds) at the end of each dispensing operation, allowing the user to select a subsequent dispensing option. If a dispensing option is not selected in this time period, the plunger will back off the container 10 to release the pressure. The apparatus 30 may be configured to detect whether the product in the container is too hard to be expressed. Figure 18 shows one arrangement, in which a second detector switch 98 is provided on the rigid arm 50, immediately above the shaft 93. If product is too hard, the spring 95 yields completely and the shaft 93 is caused to rise in the bore 94, wherein a top portion 97 of the shaft 93 then triggers the second detector switch 98. Each activation of the detector switch 98 may generate a signal in response to which the control system rotates the lead screw 46 in an opposite direction, in order to raise the plunger 42 and take pressure off the container 10.

The control system 90 may be programmed to generate a signal once the container 10 is empty or when the estimated number of portions in the container 10 has been reached, so that a replacement container can be fitted with as little down time as possible.

The control system 90 may even be programmed to monitor the volume of product or estimated number of portions remaining in the container 10, and to generate a signal to indicate that the need for a replacement container is imminent.

In each case, the signal related to the empty or imminently empty state of the container may be generated in relation to the relative position of the plunger 42. For example, the control system may be programmed to monitor the distance of travel of the plunger 42, to indicate that the container is (or soon will be) empty. A switch may also be included, which is triggered if the plunger 42 travels beyond a certain position, indicative of an empty or imminently empty container. This switch or any signal related to the empty state of the container may provide an override function for the dispensing mechanism 40, to prevent operation of the plunger 42 when the volume of product in the container is below a predefined level. At this point, the control system 90 may be programmed to return the piston automatically to the uppermost position, ready for an unloading and reloading operation.

The control system 90 may be programmed to record the time elapsed between the last dispensing operation of a first container and the first dispensing operation of a second container.

Signals and data from the control system 90 may be transmitted by a hard wired or wireless link to a central control station or remote manager 92 (e.g. by email, telephone call or MMS to a store manager or other employee tasked with monitoring the operative state of the machine). The data can be formatted and transmitted in which ever electronic format(s) and to which ever location(s) is desired by the control station or remote manager.

In exemplary embodiments, the control system is programmed to evaluate or report the volume of product remaining in the container against a time schedule, in order to determine whether the container has sufficient volume for previously defined 'peak' periods of use in the day. This data can be used to ensure that a suitably-filled replacement container is loaded ahead of known peak periods. The partially dispensed container can be removed and returned to cold storage.

The control system 90 may be programmed to prevent operation of the dispensing mechanism 40 if the temperature within the refrigerated housing 80 is detected as being above a predefined level. In exemplary embodiments, this auto-shut down function may be time dependent. For example, in the event of a power cut, the temperature within the housing may drop below a predefined level but be restored to a desired level after a short period of time (since power cuts in most industrial countries are commonly dealt with in a short time period), in which case the product in the container is unlikely to be adversely affected in the interim period. However, where the loss of temperature is due to a mechanical fault, for example, the loss of temperature is unlikely to be restored until the fault is attended to. If the fault occurs out of normal working hours, the time period for repairing the fault may be significant, in which case the integrity of the product in the container is more likely to be adversely affected. Exemplary embodiments of the invention may incorporate an enclosure for keeping the discharge end 38 of the nozzle 34 in a cold or refrigerated state, e.g. to prevent degradation of the product inside the discharge nozzle. An example is shown in Figures 19 and 20, wherein the housing 80 includes a cover 81 for the discharge end 38 of the nozzle 34. As can be seen, the upper portion of the discharge nozzle 34 (which is connected to the outlet of the container 10) extends within a refrigerated area 83 of the dispensing machine, whereas the lower portion of the discharge nozzle 34 (including the discharge end 38) is arranged outside of the refrigerated area 83. The cover 81 is movable (e.g on a hinge) from an open position (see Figure 20) to a closed position (see Figure 21). The cover 81 is configured to define an enclosure 85 for the lower portion of the nozzle 34 in the closed position. In this embodiment, a conduit 87 is provided between the refrigerated area 83 and the enclosure 85 and a door, gate, valve or other closure 91 is movable to selectively open a passageway from the conduit 87 to the refrigerated area 83, in order to allow cold or refrigerated air to surround the lower portion of the nozzle 34 in the enclosure 85.

It may be desirable to use containers of different axial lengths for the same apparatus 30, in which case the control system may be programmed to determine which length of product has been installed (through initial movement of the plunger into a compression state of engagement with the container), in order to determine the volume of product in the container.

Although described with reference to a specific container which is collapsible along a longitudinal axis, other forms of container may be used. For example, exemplary embodiments may include a container which takes the form of a tube and piston arrangement, wherein the tube is at least partially filled with ice cream and loaded onto the seating with a dispensing outlet or nozzle arranged for dispensing product from the tube, and wherein a piston is slidable within the tube, so as to move downwards in response to movement of a suitably configured plunger on the apparatus 30, so as to force product to be expressed through the outlet or nozzle. In this case, the container would not necessarily be collapsible. The encoder readings correspond to movements of the piston within the tube and so portion control can be established.

In other embodiments, the container may take the form of a flexible bag of product, which can be deformed by movement of a plunger on the apparatus. It may be desirable to mount the bag within a guide, such as a tube or other receptacle, in order to constrain deformation of the bag in a desired direction during movement of the plunger, in order to establish portion control via the encoder readings.

Although described with respect to an encoder controlled dispensing operation which is linked directly to the compression of the container, it may be desirable to control one or more dispensing operations by time elapsed during activation of the motor or lead screw or plunger, or during compression of the container. A time -dependent operation may be desirable when the container is full or nearly empty, if, for a particular product or container configuration, it is observed that the accuracy of the portion control via the encoder method is variable at these limits, for example. The control system may be programmed to monitor changes in rate of dispensing from the container, in order to monitor differences in portion control using the encoder method.

In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing operation of the dispensing apparatus is dependent upon a payment made to the dispensing machine, e.g. by a token, coin or bank note receiver on the machine or by a credit card reader on the machine.

A further embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 21 to 36. Referring to Figures 21 to 26, a bulk container for use in the extrusion of frozen or semi frozen confection, such as ice cream or sorbet, is indicated at 100. The container 100 has a body 102 of generally cylindrical form. The body 102 is generally circular in plan view and defines a central longitudinal axis (not shown).

The container 100 has an outlet 104 at one end 106 of the body 102. In this embodiment, the outlet 104 is off set from the central longitudinal axis of the container 100. The off set position of the outlet 104 has advantageous benefit when locating the container 100 in an apparatus for dispensing product from the container 100, e.g. of the kind described herein.

The outlet 104 defines a neck 120 configured for connection to a closure cap 110 or dispensing nozzle (not shown) through which product from the container 100 may be dispensed. In this embodiment, the neck 120 includes a threaded formation 112, for threaded interconnection with the closure cap 110 to provide a closure for the container 100.

The lower end 106 of the container 100 includes a locating formation 122, which in this embodiment is provided diametrically opposite the outlet 104, at a position offset from the central longitudinal axis of the container 100. The locating formation 122 takes the form of a projection on the lower end 106 of the container, which is intended to seat in a correspondingly formed recess in the apparatus into which the container is intended to be loaded for a dispensing operation (not shown), e.g. of the kind described herein. The upper end 108 of the body 102 defines a large diameter opening 114 (greater in diameter than the outlet 104). The container 100 may be filled with product through the opening 114, rather than through the outlet 104. A separate end cap 116 is provided as a closure for the opening 114 (see Figure 22). A seal may be provided between the end cap 116 and the periphery of the opening 114, after the container has been charged with product. This may be provided by one or more of an interference fit, heat seal, bayonet fit, screw fit, cir-clip fit, slide fit with tape closure, etc. As can be seen in Figure 23, the end cap 116 is arranged in a snap-fit relationship over an outwardly extending rim 118 of the opening 114 in this embodiment. A modified end cap 116 is shown in Figure 27, which includes additional snap-lock tabs 119 (see Figure 28) for preventing removal (i.e. non-return) of the end cap 116 after fitting into the opening 114 at the upper end 108 of the container 100. As can be seen from Figures 29 and 30, the tabs 119 are arranged to engage a shoulder 121 inside the container and prevent removal of the end cap 116 from the opening 114.

The container 100 is of collapsible form, to enable the internal volume of the container 100 to be reduced in order to express product from the outlet 104. More particularly, the body 102 is configured for coaxial collapse along the central longitudinal axis of the body 102 in the direction of the outlet 104.

In the illustrated embodiment, the body 102 has a periphery of generally concertina-like form, defining a plurality of concertina sections 124, which are configured to collapse, e.g. if the end 108 of the container 100 is moved in the direction of the outlet 104 and product is expressed from the outlet 104 of the container 100.

The large diameter opening 114 is concentric with the longitudinal axis of the body 102. In this embodiment, the opening 114 corresponding generally in diameter to the minimum internal diameter of the body as defined by the inner radial extent of the concertina sections 124, indicated generally at X in Figure 22. In an exemplary method of use, the container 100 is at least partially filled, via the opening 114, with multiple portions of product to be dispensed, and the end cap fitted to close the product within the container 100, whereby the outlet 104 is the only place from which product may be expressed or accessed from the container 100, without breaking into the body 102.

The container 100 may be at least partially filled (e.g. at a remote packing location, for storage and transportation under freezing conditions to a dispensing location), and then located in a dispensing apparatus configured to apply pressure to the container 100 and so express product from the outlet 104 at a dispensing location, e.g. using a plunger, e.g. of the kind described herein.

In the embodiment of Figure 31, an inner portion 126 of the plunger 128 is configured to match the upper profile of the end cap 116. Moreover, a radially outer portion 130 of the plunger 128 has a depth which is configured in such a way as to ensure that when the container 100 is in a fully collapsed state (as in Figure 32), all of the convolutions 124 of the container periphery are accommodated by the plunger 128 (see Figure 33).

In exemplary embodiments, the container 100 is of blow-moulded construction. The container may also be of self-supporting construction, e.g. wherein the container 100 maintains the configuration shown in Figure 21 prior to filling or compression. In exemplary embodiments, the container 100 is blow moulded and then compressed and held in a compressed state, prior to filling (e.g. in order reduce shipping volumes). In other embodiments, the container 100 may have a normally collapsed state, prior to filling. The container 100 may be produced from plastics material such as low density polyethylene.

The container 100 may be filled with product through the upper end (i.e. through the large diameter opening 114), rather than through the outlet 104. Hence, the empty container 100, when not fitted with the end cap 116, defines a wide entrance, allowing a product extrusion device (e.g. a tube or pipe - not shown) to be positioned inside the container (towards the outlet at the bottom of the container) for charging the container 100 with product. The outlet of the extrusion device may be of similar diameter to the opening 114, permitting a continuous extrusion of frozen product in a solid "rod" that will settle firstly at the bottom of the container and then, by the product weight above and the force of extrusion, be forced outwards to fill the convolutions 124, thus reducing the likelihood of air bubbles or voids within the product inside the container 100 (which might otherwise adversely affect the accuracy of portion control that can be achieved through automated dispensing from the container).

The majority, if not all, of the air left in the container body 102, after charging with product and fitting of the end cap 116, will be at the upper end 108. Hence, in a preferred usage of the container, e.g. in a dispensing apparatus of the kind described herein, the air will be at the top of the container 100, when the container 100 is fitted into the dispensing apparatus. This is preferable to conventional systems which use outlet-filled containers, wherein the air content is more likely to be dispersed within the body of product in the container.

In order to account for the air which might be present in the upper end of the container, the dispensing plunger may be programmed to cease dispensing once the plunger enters a zone of possible air content, e.g. in the final 5% of the product in the container 100. Once the extent (e.g. in a longitudinal direction) of this zone been determined, the product fill can be increased by the product packer to ensure that the required amount of "dispensable" product is packed inside the container 100, to meet the desired number of portions to be dispensed.

Small "air escape" holes (not shown) may be placed within the end cap 116 to allow air at the top of the filled container to escape as the container is pressurised by the dispensing plunger. These holes should be small enough for air to exit the container but too small to allow egress of the viscous product from the container 100.

The container 100 can be easily cleaned and reused, e.g. after removal of the end cap. This is not the case with a conventional 'closed end' container of the same shape and dimensions.

In an exemplary method of filling, the container 100 is held in its final required filled configuration during filling (e.g. by means of a holding device configured to support each convolution 124 in a preferred extended state). The holding device (not shown) may be a self- standing movable unit into which an operator loads the empty container 100 for filling and then removes the filled container after fitting the end cap 116. Alternatively, the holding device may be part of the filling apparatus itself.

Operation of the extrusion device can be manual, semi-automatic or fully automatic. For manual operation, the outlet of the extrusion device will be raised until the volume of product in the container extends up from the lower end of the container to a predefined level inside the container before the extrusion device is transferred to a new empty container. For semi automatic filling, there may be two filling stations; only one filling at a time with automatic switchover of product feed when one container is full. An empty container will be placed onto a support table or the like which then lifts up to allow the outlet of the extrusion device to enter the open end of the container. The support table may be lifted pneumatically so that support table stops rising when the filling tube reaches the bottom of the container, whilst retaining back-pressure on the pneumatic lifter. When product flow is diverted to the container, the pressure of extrusion may be sufficient to lower the table, e.g. using a pressure release valve in the pneumatic supply line. This pressure of extrusion and pneumatic release may be calibrated to ensure horizontal movement of the product inside the container, for filling into the convolutions 124 as well as the main body of the container 100.

Figure 34 shows an alternative dispensing arrangement wherein multiple portions of product to be expressed are held in a deformable bag 132 or other such flexible receptacle having an end cap 116, wherein the plunger 128 can be controlled to push the end cap 116 towards the outlet and thereby collapse the bag 132 and express product through the outlet (shown with a dispensing nozzle 134 fitted thereto). Again, the plunger 128 may be configured to match the outer profile of end cap 116 and has a radially outer region 132 configured to accommodate any folded sections 136 of the bag 132 that arise during deformation of the bag 132 by the plunger (see Figures 35 and 36).

Although described and illustrated as a two-part container consisting of a body and a separate end cap, the end cap may be permanently or semi permanently connected to the main body, e.g. via a hinged connection to the main body, and may be movable from an open position in which the large diameter opening is readily accessible to a closed position in which the end cap provides a closure for the large diameter opening.

Claims

1. A container for dispensing frozen confection or dessert, the container comprising a body closed at one end and having an outlet at the opposite end, wherein the body is configured for coaxial collapse along a central longitudinal axis of the body in the direction of the outlet, in order to express product from the container, and wherein the outlet is off set from the central longitudinal axis of the body.

2. A container according to claim 1 wherein the body is generally circular in plan view along the central longitudinal axis.

3. A container according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the body is of a generally concertina-like form, defining a plurality of concertina sections configured to collapse when the closed end is moved in the direction of the opposite end.

4. A container according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the body is of blow moulded construction.

5. A container according to any of claims 1 to 4 wherein the closed end includes a recess of other formation configured for locating an auxiliary device intended to apply a load to the closed end in order to collapse the container along the central longitudinal axis.

6. A container according to any of claims 1 to 4 wherein the outlet end includes a recess or other formation configured for locating the lower end of the container correctly on a seating configured for receiving the container and having a complimentary recess or other formation to ensure correct alignment of the container on the seating.

7. A container according to any of claims 1 to 6 wherein the outlet defines a neck portion configured for attachment to a nozzle through which product is intended to be expressed.

8. Apparatus for dispensing frozen confection or dessert such as ice cream and sorbet from a bulk container, the apparatus including:

wherein the container has a body configured for coaxial collapse along a central longitudinal axis of the body in the direction of the outlet, in order to express product from the container, and the outlet is off set from the central longitudinal axis of the body; and

wherein the apparatus has a front, rear and two sides and wherein the outlet is presented generally at the front of the apparatus.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the axis of movement of the plunger is concentric with said central longitudinal axis of the body.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the apparatus includes a rotatable lead screw and rotation of the lead screw in a first direction causes movement of the plunger in a dispensing direction and rotation of the lead screw in a second direction causes movement of the plunger in a return direction, and wherein the lead screw is parallel with the central longitudinal axis of the container.

11. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the lead screw is arranged behind the container, when viewed from the front of the apparatus, for example within the width of the container.

12. Apparatus according to any of claims 8 to 11 wherein a nozzle is connected to the outlet of the container, the nozzle having a dispensing end from which product is dispensed to the consumer.

13. Apparatus according to claim 12, further including a valve assembly in communication with said nozzle, for selectively opening or closing said nozzle.

14. Apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the valve assembly includes a pair of jaws configured to pinch the nozzle in order to prevent egress of product through the nozzle.

15. Apparatus according to any of claims 8 to 14 wherein an upper end of the container includes a recess of other formation configured for correctly locating the plunger in engagement with the container, in order to collapse the container along the central longitudinal axis.

16. Apparatus according to claim 15 wherein the body of the container is of a generally concertina-like form, defining a plurality of concertina sections configured to collapse when the upper end of the container is moved in the direction of the outlet by the plunger.

17. Apparatus according to any of claims 8 to 16 wherein apparatus includes a seating for supporting the lower end of the container, the seating including a recess or other formation to ensure correct alignment of the container on the seating, and wherein the lower end of the container includes a recess or other formation configured for complimentary engagement with the formation on the seating.

18. Apparatus according to any of claims 8 to 17 wherein the container is mounted in a refrigerated housing configured to maintain the container and product therein at a refrigerated temperature of at least -18°C .

19. Apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the housing includes a door in its front face, to enable front loading of a container into the housing.

20. Apparatus according to claim 18 or claim 19 wherein the housing is arranged so that the longitudinal axis of the container is inclined from vertical, with the outlet presented adjacent the front of the housing.

21. A container according to any of claims 1 to 6 wherein the body has a large diameter opening at one end and an end cap configured to provide a closure for the large diameter opening and so define the closed end of the container after product has been filled through the large diameter opening.

22. A container according to claim 22 wherein the container is charged with product and the end cap is provided in a non-return relationship with the large diameter opening.

23. A container according to any of claims 21 or 22 wherein the periphery of the body is of a generally concertina-like form, defining a plurality of concertina sections configured to collapse when the closed end is moved in the direction of the outlet end.

24. A container according to claim 23 wherein the large diameter opening corresponds generally to the minimum internal diameter of the body defined by the inner radial extent of the concertina sections.

25. Apparatus for dispensing frozen or semi frozen confection or dessert such as ice cream and sorbet from a bulk container, the apparatus including:

a dispensing mechanism having a plunger arranged for movement relative to the container, for deforming the container and expressing product through the outlet; and

a control system programmed to control operation of the plunger, for dispensing individual portions of product from the container via the dispensing mechanism;

wherein the container is in accordance with any of claims 1 to 6, having a body configured for coaxial collapse along a central longitudinal axis of the body in the direction of the outlet, in order to express product from the container, and the outlet is off set from the central longitudinal axis of the body; and