WO2012005859A2 - Système et procédé pour générer et stocker de l'énergie transitoire obtenue par cycle de rankine organique intégré - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour générer et stocker de l'énergie transitoire obtenue par cycle de rankine organique intégré Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012005859A2
WO2012005859A2 PCT/US2011/039692 US2011039692W WO2012005859A2 WO 2012005859 A2 WO2012005859 A2 WO 2012005859A2 US 2011039692 W US2011039692 W US 2011039692W WO 2012005859 A2 WO2012005859 A2 WO 2012005859A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
orc
loop
engine
plant according
turbine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/039692
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2012005859A3 (fr
Inventor
Gabor Ast
Herbert Kopecek
Thomas Johannes Frey
Pierre Sebastien Huck
Original Assignee
General Electric Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Company filed Critical General Electric Company
Priority to EP11727078.5A priority Critical patent/EP2588719A2/fr
Publication of WO2012005859A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012005859A2/fr
Publication of WO2012005859A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012005859A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/004—Accumulation in the liquid branch of the circuit

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants, and more particularly to methods and apparatus for using the thermal mass of the ORC, the working fluid, the oil loop, the water loop and all components, to provide additional transient power.
  • ORC organic Rankine cycle
  • Rankine cycles use a working fluid in a closed cycle to gather heat from a heating source or a hot reservoir by generating a hot gaseous stream that expands through a turbine to generate power.
  • the expanded stream is condensed in a condenser by rejecting the heat to a cold reservoir.
  • the working fluid in a Rankine cycle follows a closed loop and is re-used constantly.
  • Electric grids do not incorporate any intrinsic storage capability. Demand and supply therefore are required to be balanced at every moment. This characteristic requires power plants constantly follow the electric grid load. Since not all types of power plants are able to achieve such tracking, some power plants operate at constant load, and provide a so-called base-load. Power plants that are able to accommodate such fast changing power requirements are called peaking power plants. Peak power is more expensive to generate and is of high value since it ensured the grid stability. Peak power plants therefore provide a technical and economic advantage over base- load power plants.
  • ORC plants are presently either base-load power plants, or strictly follow the heat input from a heat source. Such ORC plants are able to provide only a base load to the electric grid, and thus generate relatively low revenue for the generated electricity.
  • ORC plant with an improved operation strategy that is capable of operating with varying temperatures and pressures to enable the production of transient power.
  • the ORC plant should be capable of generating power corresponding to the demand on an electric grid, thus providing a more economical and profitable power system and helping to stabilize the electric grid.
  • an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant comprises: an internal combustion engine or gas turbine (engine/turbine) cooling fluid loop configured to transfer engine/turbine cooling fluid heat to a low temperature (LT) ORC loop, the engine/turbine cooling loop and the LT ORC loop together configured to generate transient power via at least one LT expander; and a thermal oil loop configured to transfer heat generated via the engine/turbine to a high temperature (HT) ORC loop, the thermal oil loop and the HT ORC loop together configured to generate transient power via at least one HT expander.
  • LT low temperature
  • HT high temperature
  • an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant comprises an internal combustion engine or gas turbine (engine/turbine) cooling fluid loop configured to transfer engine/turbine cooling fluid heat from an engine/turbine to a low temperature (LT) ORC loop working fluid, the engine/turbine cooling loop and the LT ORC loop together configured to generate transient power via at least one LT expander.
  • engine/turbine gas turbine
  • LT low temperature
  • an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant comprises a thermal oil loop configured to transfer heat from an internal combustion engine or gas turbine (engine/turbine) to a high temperature (HT) ORC loop working fluid, the thermal oil loop and the HT ORC loop together configured to generate transient power via at least one HT expander.
  • ORC organic Rankine cycle
  • Figure 1 illustrates an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant according to one embodiment
  • Figure 2 illustrates an organic Rankine cycle plant according to another embodiment
  • Figure 3 illustrates an organic Rankine cycle plant according to yet another embodiment.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant 10 according to one embodiment.
  • the ORC plant 10 comprises a thermal oil loop 12 and an internal combustion engine/gas turbine (engine/turbine) fluid cooling loop 14.
  • the ORC plant comprises a thermal oil loop 12 and an internal combustion engine/gas turbine (engine/turbine) fluid cooling loop 14.
  • the ORC plant comprises a thermal oil loop 12 and an internal combustion engine/gas turbine (engine/turbine) fluid cooling loop 14.
  • HT high temperature
  • LT low temperature
  • the working fluid in each loop is pumped (ideally isentropically) from a low pressure to a high pressure by a corresponding loop pump. Pumping the working fluid from a low pressure to a high pressure requires a power input (for example mechanical or electrical).
  • an engine/turbine 20 generates an exhaust gas 22 at a high temperature (e.g. 450°C) that is received by a heat exchanger 24 that cools the exhaust gas by transferring at least some of its heat to a thermal oil 26 passing through the heat exchanger 24.
  • the heated thermal oil 26 enters an evaporator 28 where it is re-cooled as it transfers heat to the HT ORC loop 16 working fluid to generate a saturated vapor stream 38 that may have a temperature for example, of about 210°C according to one embodiment.
  • Common heat sources for organic Rankine cycles are exhaust gases from combustion systems (power plants or industrial processes), hot liquid or gaseous streams from industrial processes or renewable thermal sources such as geothermal or solar thermal.
  • the resultant HT ORC loop 16 saturated vapor stream 38 expands through a high temperature expander (turbine) 32 that forms part of the HT ORC loop 16 to generate output power. In one embodiment, this expansion is isentropic and the output power is sufficient to produce about 190 KW of electrical output power. The expansion decreases the temperature and pressure of the vapor stream.
  • the resultant vapor stream 40 then enters a condenser 34 where it is cooled to generate a liquid stream 36 by transferring residual heat to the LT ORC 18 working fluid. This liquid stream 36 re-enters a pump 42 to generate the high-pressure HT ORC loop 16 working fluid, and the cycle repeats.
  • the engine/turbine 20 heats a known cooling fluid such as water to a high temperature (e.g. 90°C) that is subsequently received by a pre-heater unit 44 that re-cools the engine/turbine cooling fluid by transferring at least some of its heat to the LT ORC loop 18 working fluid 46 passing through the pre-heater 44.
  • the heated working fluid 48 enters the evaporator 34 where it is further heated via resultant vapor stream 40 to generate a saturated vapor stream 50 that may have a temperature for example, of about 90°C according to one embodiment.
  • Common heat sources for organic Rankine cycles are exhaust gases from combustion systems (power plants or industrial processes), hot liquid or gaseous streams from industrial processes or renewable thermal sources such as geothermal or solar thermal, as stated herein.
  • the resultant LT ORC loop 18 saturated vapor stream 50 expands through a low temperature expander (turbine) 52 that forms part of the LT ORC loop 18 to generate output power. In one embodiment, this expansion is isentropic and is sufficient to produce about 183 KW of electrical output power. The expansion decreases the temperature and pressure of the vapor stream.
  • the resultant vapor stream 54 then enters a condenser 56 (e.g. air blown finned tubes) where it is re- cooled to generate a saturated liquid stream 58.
  • This saturated liquid stream 58 reenters a pump 60 to generate the high-pressure LT ORC loop 18 working fluid, and the cycle repeats.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an organic Rankine cycle plant 70 according to another embodiment.
  • ORC plant 70 operates in similar fashion to ORC plant 10 described herein with reference to Figure 1.
  • ORC plant 70 also comprises a thermal oil storage tank 72 and an engine coolant storage tank 74.
  • Other embodiments may, for example, comprise only one or more thermal oil storage tanks 72 or only one or more engine coolant storage tanks 74.
  • Thermal oil storage tank 72 provides additional thermal storage capacity for thermal oil that is heated via heat exchanger 24 that forms part of the thermal oil loop 12.
  • Engine coolant storage tank 74 provides additional thermal storage capacity for engine coolant that is heated via pre-heater 44 that forms part of the engine cooling loop 14.
  • Thermal oil storage tank 72 and engine coolant storage tank 74 provide for extended transient operation of the corresponding ORC plant by providing increased energy storage capability. This increased energy storage capability allows the ORC plant to respond to increased power grid loading in a fashion similar to that provided via peak load power plants.
  • Harvesting the incentives for peak power can be more easily achieved using the principles described herein by increasing the size and capacity of one or more ORC loops 16, 18 and/or providing one or more additional backup expanders/turbines 82, 84 such as depicted in Figure 3.
  • the additional resources may include one or more thermal oil storage tanks 72, one or more engine coolant storage tanks 74, one or more oversized ORC loops 16, 18, one or more additional expanders 82, 84, or combinations of the foregoing additional resources.
  • Such additional resources are particularly useful in applications where several engines 20 are connected to several ORCs 16, 18 to provide further economical advantages when operating under peak grid loading conditions.
  • the embodiments described herein advantageously provide backup power capability in the case of a grid loss event.
  • the ORCs can immediately provide power for systems during the time periods when engines need to start-up. Such time periods can be, for example, up to about ten minutes for large Jenbacher engines.
  • the thermal energy stored from previous engine operations or from other industrial heat sources can provide the requisite backup power capability using the principles described herein.
  • the embodiments described herein are particularly useful for maintaining operation of an ORC plant, even during short periods of time while the heat source, e.g. internal combustion engine, gas turbine, and the like, is already turned off.
  • the embodiments are also useful to provide additional thermal peak power from a thermo oil loop if required by the ORC plant operation.
  • Embodiments described herein are further particularly useful in island applications, to supply auxiliary power if the power plant is off.
  • Embodiments described herein are capable of providing short time increases and/or decreases of output power if demanded from the grid side when operated according to the principles described herein. Further, the foregoing embodiments can compensate for power fluctuations due to day/night ambient temperature fluctuations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé pour utiliser la masse thermique d'un ORC, le fluide de travail, le circuit d'huile, le circuit de fluide de refroidissement et tous les composants, pour fournir de la puissance transitoire supplémentaire à un réseau électrique. Un préchauffeur transfère de la chaleur du fluide de refroidissement à un fluide de travail d'un circuit ORC à basse température (LT). Un dispositif d'expansion de circuit ORC LT génère de la puissance transitoire pour supporter la stabilisation du réseau électrique. Un échangeur de chaleur transfère la chaleur depuis l'huile thermique à un fluide de travail de circuit ORC haute température (HT). Un dispositif d'expansion de circuit ORC HT génère de la puissance transitoire pour supporter la stabilisation du réseau électrique.
PCT/US2011/039692 2010-06-30 2011-06-09 Système et procédé pour générer et stocker de l'énergie transitoire obtenue par cycle de rankine organique intégré WO2012005859A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11727078.5A EP2588719A2 (fr) 2010-06-30 2011-06-09 Système et procédé pour générer et stocker de l'énergie transitoire obtenue par cycle de rankine organique intégré

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/827,510 US20120000201A1 (en) 2010-06-30 2010-06-30 System and method for generating and storing transient integrated organic rankine cycle energy
US12/827,510 2010-06-30

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WO2012005859A3 WO2012005859A3 (fr) 2014-03-13

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Publication number Publication date
US20120000201A1 (en) 2012-01-05
WO2012005859A3 (fr) 2014-03-13
EP2588719A2 (fr) 2013-05-08

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