WO2012003366A1 - Systèmes et procédés pour une granularité spatiale ajustable dynamique pour un affichage d'eeg - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés pour une granularité spatiale ajustable dynamique pour un affichage d'eeg Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012003366A1
WO2012003366A1 PCT/US2011/042663 US2011042663W WO2012003366A1 WO 2012003366 A1 WO2012003366 A1 WO 2012003366A1 US 2011042663 W US2011042663 W US 2011042663W WO 2012003366 A1 WO2012003366 A1 WO 2012003366A1
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Prior art keywords
eeg
channels
channel groups
channel
specific feature
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Application number
PCT/US2011/042663
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English (en)
Inventor
Ronald G. Emerson
Catherine A. Schevon
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The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York
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Application filed by The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York filed Critical The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York
Publication of WO2012003366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012003366A1/fr
Priority to US13/728,496 priority Critical patent/US9474462B2/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A61B5/372—Analysis of electroencephalograms
    • A61B5/374—Detecting the frequency distribution of signals, e.g. detecting delta, theta, alpha, beta or gamma waves

Definitions

  • the present application relates to systems and methods for
  • EEG can be interpreted by visually reviewing tracings of the time domain signal recorded from sensors placed on the scalp, inside the cranium, or inside the brain parenchyma. The interpretation can be informed not only by the signals observed, but also by the spatial location and arrangement of the sensors from which the signals are recorded. For example, during intracranial recording, arrays of disk electrodes arranged in an 8 x 8 grid and regularly spaced 1 cm apart can be placed on the brain surface under the dura. The resulting EEG can be viewed as a linear sequence of traces, one per electrode, ordered in a way that corresponds to the physical arrangement of the recording sensors (e.g. by row and column).
  • An EEG sensor array can be arranged in 3 dimensions, including for example sensors penetrating into the brain parenchyma.
  • EEG can be viewed as a 4-dimensional construct with 3 spatial and one temporal axes. The granularity along each axis can vary according to clinical needs and the types of sensors used.
  • One known practice of presenting EEG data in the format of voltage / time plots, essentially one per channel, can be impractical for viewing data from large numbers of sensors in complex physical arrangements. Accordingly, there exists a need for an improved technique for distilling useful clinical information from large numbers of sensors.
  • a method for organizing and displaying EEG data obtained from C EEG channels on a computer system in a user-friendly manner includes placing the C EEG channels into a schematic placement diagram, dividing the C EEG channels, using a processor, into G channel groups, for each of the G channel groups, combining any of the C EEG channels in such G channel group, using a processor, into a single trace, and for each of the G channel groups, displaying the single trace.
  • the method also includes selecting a plurality of the G channel groups for zooming out.
  • the method can include merging the selected plurality of G channel groups into a new single trace.
  • the method also includes selecting one of the G channel groups for zooming in.
  • the method can include dividing the selected G channel group into a plurality of composite channels.
  • the method also includes displaying a montage.
  • the method can include saving settings for later use or sharing.
  • the method also includes computing a specific feature from the C EEG channels.
  • the method can include mapping the specific feature to a current set of the G channel groups. Mapping the specific feature can include summing a number of detections of the specific feature for a predetermined time slice within each G channel group.
  • the method can also include encoding the feature into the EEG display.
  • the specific feature can be a high-frequency oscillation, and the specific feature can be coherence. Encoding the feature into the EEG display can include changing a color of an EEG trace using a color spectrum.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method implemented in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter
  • FIG, 2 is a diagram illustrating further details of the method of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating further details of the method of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the method of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary embodiment of the method of FIG. 3;
  • FIGS. 6A-6C are diagrams illustrating further details of the method of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating further details of the method of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a system in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
  • the EEG view can be dynamically warped in any dimension in a way that is directly controllable and that preserves the fundamental nature of the EEG data.
  • features can be extracted from the raw data and added to the display in a way that places them in their temporo-spatial context.
  • FIG. 1 is diagram showing an exemplary method according to the disclosed subject matter.
  • acquisition of EEG channels occurs.
  • a number, C, of EEG channels of raw EEG data are acquired.
  • OR mapping occurs, and at 104, imaging is performed.
  • the result of the OR mapping 102 and imaging 104 can be combined to create a schematic placement diagram at 106.
  • the EEG channels can be divided into G channel groups.
  • the G channel groups can be determined based on physical layout, and the number of G channel groups can be less than or equal to the number of C EEG channels.
  • channels in each G channel group can be combined into a single trace.
  • the EEG data is displayed as G "combined" traces.
  • FIG. 1 can be software modules running on a computer, a processor, or a network of interconnected processors and/or computers that communicate through TCP, UDP, or any other suitable protocol, for example, as shown in FIG. 8.
  • each module is software implemented and stored in random access memory of a suitable computer, e.g., a workstation computer.
  • the software can be in the form of executable object code, obtained, e.g., by compiling from source code. Source code interpretation is not precluded.
  • Source code can be in the form of sequence-controlled instructions as in Fortran, Pascal or "C," for example.
  • the disclosed subject matter can permit viewing of a large number of recorded signals by combining groups of channels into a single trace in a way that can be user-modifiable and can preserve temporal resolution and frequency content.
  • a 16-channel microgrid can be viewed as a single trace obtained by averaging the signals together.
  • the composite signal appears as an EEG trace, which can be interpreted in the usual manner, and contains the information from each of the individual channels.
  • this channel can be "zoomed in” to show the individual 16 traces, or it can be further combined with other nearby electrodes ("zooming out”).
  • the zoom can operate non-uniformly, with varied degrees of zooming being applied concurrently to different brain areas.
  • a user selects multiple groups on a schematic.
  • the groups are merged and new groups are combined into a single trace.
  • a user selects one group on a schematic.
  • the group is broken up into composite channels or subgroups. Accordingly, the number of traces is increased, performing a "zoom in.”
  • the zooming in or zooming out is a function that can be applied to a specific location or set of traces.
  • the user can display a montage, which will be described in further detail below.
  • the user can save settings for later use or sharing.
  • At 300 at least one specific feature of the C EEG channels of raw data is computed.
  • the feature is mapped to the current set of G channel groups.
  • the feature is encoded into the EEG display of the G traces.
  • the time allotted to review of EEG data can be limited to 30 minutes, preferably less.
  • An expert reviewer can scroll through the recordings at 10-20 times the speed of real time and identify departures from the usual background pattern.
  • this task can become more difficult as the number of channels increases, and for screening purposes, some reviewers can limit the view to 40-50 channels.
  • an implantation with 256 channels distributed uniformly over a large area of neocortex and deep regions can be used.
  • a reviewer can laboriously select channels from the set and create a screening montage. This can cause the reviewer to miss information that resides only on the omitted channels.
  • a user can start with a subset of channels, for example 64 channels, derived from an original set of, for example, 256 channels, by dividing the original set of channels into a subset of spatially contiguous sets, then averaging the channels in each subset to produce a single composite signal corresponding to that set. After inspecting this set carefully for a few pages, the user can elect to reduce the number of traces further by choosing inactive regions to merge adjacent channel sets.
  • spatial resolution can be higher in the areas of interest and lower in the areas that are less active, but instead of eliminating channels in the less active areas, channels can be combined so that no information is lost.
  • a reviewer can change the zoom feature dynamically in response to electrophysiological changes noted on review. For example, the reviewer can detect a seizure and stop the review to take a closer look. The reviewer can then zoom in on the channels active during the seizure, splitting the channel sets apart and increasing the number of traces viewed. To compensate for the larger number of viewed traces in the focus area, grouping can be increased in areas of less interest to reduce the number of traces back to a manageable level. Thus, rather than eliminating channels entirely from view, all of the data can be represented on the screen. Subsequently, the reviewer can return to the previous settings (for example, to a screening montage) and continue with the review process.
  • the reviewer can detect a seizure and stop the review to take a closer look. The reviewer can then zoom in on the channels active during the seizure, splitting the channel sets apart and increasing the number of traces viewed. To compensate for the larger number of viewed traces in the focus area, grouping can be increased in areas of less
  • Channels can be identified, and implicitly located, according to their location within an array.
  • a silastic sheet with embedded electrodes having strip or grid geometry can be used, and a representation of the corresponding arrays with name labels can be used.
  • two 8x8 electrode grids, GA and GB can be placed on different brain areas.
  • the electrodes, or channels, in each grid can be numbered 1-64, with a first row having electrodes 1- 8, a second row having electrodes 9-16, etc.
  • a name for each channel can be derived from the grid name and the channel number in each grid (for example, channel GA15 can represent electrode 15 in grid GA).
  • neuroimaging can be used to map the electrode grids, or grid space, onto physical brain locations.
  • a user can reduce the number of channels in a grid, for example by reducing grid GA to 16 channels.
  • the 8x8 grid GA can be divided into 4x4 sections, for example channels GA1 , GA2, GA8, and GA9 can form a new channel group.
  • the user can perform the channel grouping by selecting the desired grid, in this example grid GA, and selecting the desired level of grouping, or zoom level, for example by operating a slider, drop-down menu, or any other suitable manner of making a selection.
  • the user can select from different levels of grouping for each grid, for example 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 channels per group, or any other suitable number of channels per group.
  • the user can select the groups desired and then select the desired zoom level for the desired groups in the manner described above. If the user wants to change the zoom level of one or more groups to match the zoom level of an existing group, the user can select the one or more groups to be changed, and then select the desired group for matching the zoom level. For example, if a user sets grid GA to have 4 channels per group, and then later examines grid GB, instead of repeating the grouping for grid GB, the user can set the level of grouping of grid GB (and any other additional grids or groups) to match the zoom level of grid GA.
  • FIG. 1 Another aspect of the disclosed subject matter relates to an interactive and user-friendly method for creating montages from EEG data.
  • Montages can be considered fixed entities that are created by editing and rearranging channel lists, and the process can be too laborious and time consuming to perform on the fly. In practice, montages can be rarely created, and if so, by an EEG technologist, not the reviewer.
  • interactive montage modification can be relatively quick, intuitive, and user friendly (for example by selecting groups of channels in a schematic display), and the "montages" can be snapshots of a user's current settings and can be saved and shared.
  • a composite synthetic signal can be created.
  • the synthetic signal can be depicted in a manner that appears similar to a standard EEG trace, representing information recorded from a defined spatial region covered by a plurality of sensors as if from a single large sensor.
  • the composite trace is derived only by signal averaging and then applying screen-based anti-aliasing filters, much of the information available, for example from new types of intracranial sensors, can be lost.
  • the "zoom" feature can refer not only to the spatial arrangement of channels but also to the temporal and frequency-dependent information available in the raw signals.
  • High frequency activity can be much more spatially constrained and lower in amplitude than low frequencies, and thus can be much more likely to be obscured by the averaging process as well as by the typical manner in which EEG signals are rendered onto the screen.
  • signals can be filtered at 1 ⁇ 2 or 1 ⁇ 4 the horizontal screen resolution to avoid the appearance of aliasing of higher frequencies, then rendered onto the screen to appear as a continuous bumpy line.
  • This technique can exclude frequencies higher than the filter cutoff, so they can be inaccessible to the reviewer and not available for clinical decision-making.
  • electrode technology improves, there can be increasing need to include such data in the visual review in a way that is intuitively accessible to the reading physicians or technologists.
  • HFO detection is performed on the C EEG channels of raw EEG data to detect high-frequency oscillations in the data.
  • HFO detections are summed for a predetermined time slice, for example a 100 ms time slice, within each channel group.
  • the HFOs for a given group and time period are displayed, for example by changing the color of the trace using a color spectrum.
  • a black color represents zero detections
  • a bright red color represents more than ten detections.
  • a composite signal can be formed from averaged low frequencies (for example less than 30 Hz) plus the summed high frequencies.
  • a signal recorded by each sensor can be filtered into a set of pre-defined frequency bands and then assigned weights directly related to each band that become a multiplier applied to the signal. The resultant weighted signals can then be averaged together to produce the composite trace.
  • a phase shift that is different for each recorded signal can be applied, or the maximum of the amplitude in high frequency bands can be added instead of averaged.
  • specific feature detectors can be used to identify features of particular significance or that might be relatively difficult to recognize visually, because of, for example, brief duration or limited spatial extent.
  • Such features can include microseizures, ripples and fast ripples, which can be limited spatially to ⁇ 2 mm sq.
  • Detections can be encoded, for example, in the color, thickness or line pattern of the synthetic channel.
  • coherence is computed between pairs of C EEG channel pairs. For example, coherence can be computed using nearest neighbor computation.
  • coherence within each channel group is summed.
  • the total coherence for a given group is displayed by changing the color of the trace using a color spectrum. In an exemplary embodiment, black represents zero coherence, and bright red represents perfect coherence, for example.
  • FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate spatial zooming according to the disclosed subject matter.
  • EEG can equal a voltage measured at granularity in 3D space, determined by the sensor density of the acquisition system, as shown for example in FIG. 6A.
  • the zoom process can reduce that granularity by dividing the original lattice cube of voltages into a set or rectangular solids, as shown for example in FIG. 6B, and combining the voltage values (P) in the points within each rectangular solid to produce a single value, thereby producing a smaller lattice cube consisting of these new values (Q), as shown for example in FIG. 6C.
  • This can be represented by the equation where x, y, and z correspond to the dimensions of the rectangular solid, i.e. the zoom factors in each of the x, y, and z dimensions.
  • Q can be represented by the equation,
  • Temporal zooming can operate in a similar manner, combining a number (i.e. the temporal zoom factor) of consecutively sampled lattice cubes Q, to produce a zoomed lattice cube R, as shown for example in FIG. 7.
  • each value in R would simply be the mean of corresponding values in the consecutive sets Q.
  • other combinatorial functions could be applied to the 4 dimensional rectangular solids (i.e. rectangular solids over time) to produce the equation including, but not limited to coherence measures or unit or multiunit activity.
  • the computer system having architecture 800 can provide functionality as a result of processor(s) 801 executing software embodied in one or more tangible, computer- readable media, such as memory 803.
  • a computer-readable medium can include one or more memory devices, according to particular needs.
  • Memory 803 can read the software from one or more other computer-readable media, such as mass storage device(s) 835 or from one or more other sources via communication interface.
  • the software can cause processor(s) 801 to execute particular processes or particular parts of particular processes described herein, including defining data structures stored in memory 803 and modifying such data structures according to the processes defined by the software.
  • An exemplary input device 833 can be, for example, an EEG sensor to provide EEG data to the input interface 823.
  • An exemplary output device 834 can be, for example, a monitor or other suitable device for providing a graphical display of the output from the output interface 824.
  • the computer system can provide functionality as a result of logic hardwired or otherwise embodied in a circuit, which can operate in place of or together with software to execute particular processes or particular parts of particular processes described herein.
  • Reference to software can encompass logic, and vice versa, where appropriate.
  • Reference to a computer-readable media can encompass a circuit (such as an integrated circuit (IC)) storing software for execution, a circuit embodying logic for execution, or both, where appropriate.
  • the present disclosure encompasses any suitable combination of hardware and software.

Abstract

Un procédé pour organiser et afficher des données d'EEG obtenues à partir de canaux C d'EEG dans un système informatique d'une manière conviviale consiste à placer les canaux C d'EEG dans un diagramme d'emplacement schématique, diviser les canaux C d'EEG, à l'aide d'un processeur, en des groupes de canaux G, pour chacun des groupes de canaux G, combiner l'un quelconque des canaux C d'EEG dans ce groupe de canaux G, à l'aide d'un processeur, en une trace unique, et pour chacun des groupes de canaux G, afficher la trace unique. L'invention concerne également un système pour organiser et afficher des données d'EEG.
PCT/US2011/042663 2010-07-02 2011-06-30 Systèmes et procédés pour une granularité spatiale ajustable dynamique pour un affichage d'eeg WO2012003366A1 (fr)

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US36117110P 2010-07-02 2010-07-02
US61/361,171 2010-07-02

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6353754B1 (en) * 2000-04-24 2002-03-05 Neuropace, Inc. System for the creation of patient specific templates for epileptiform activity detection
US6687525B2 (en) * 2000-06-07 2004-02-03 New York University Method and system for diagnosing and treating thalamocortical dysrhythmia
US20040122335A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2004-06-24 Sackellares James Chris Optimization of multi-dimensional time series processing for seizure warning and prediction
US20090094305A1 (en) * 2003-10-08 2009-04-09 Johnson Mark W System for Displaying Spectral Trends in Complex Signals

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6353754B1 (en) * 2000-04-24 2002-03-05 Neuropace, Inc. System for the creation of patient specific templates for epileptiform activity detection
US6687525B2 (en) * 2000-06-07 2004-02-03 New York University Method and system for diagnosing and treating thalamocortical dysrhythmia
US20040122335A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2004-06-24 Sackellares James Chris Optimization of multi-dimensional time series processing for seizure warning and prediction
US20090094305A1 (en) * 2003-10-08 2009-04-09 Johnson Mark W System for Displaying Spectral Trends in Complex Signals

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