WO2011162721A1 - Procédé et système de réalisation de mesures de tissu - Google Patents

Procédé et système de réalisation de mesures de tissu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011162721A1
WO2011162721A1 PCT/SG2011/000218 SG2011000218W WO2011162721A1 WO 2011162721 A1 WO2011162721 A1 WO 2011162721A1 SG 2011000218 W SG2011000218 W SG 2011000218W WO 2011162721 A1 WO2011162721 A1 WO 2011162721A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
tissue
imaging
detected light
light source
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG2011/000218
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Zhiwei Huang
Original Assignee
National University Of Singapore
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by National University Of Singapore filed Critical National University Of Singapore
Publication of WO2011162721A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011162721A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0071—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by measuring fluorescence emission
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/042—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by a proximal camera, e.g. a CCD camera
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/043—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances for fluorescence imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0638—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements providing two or more wavelengths
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0075—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
    • A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and system for performing tissue measurements.
  • Head and neck cancer is one of the most common malignancies in humans worldwide due to its high incidence rates and mortalities. For instance, in the United States, more than 35,000 new cases of head and neck malignancies were reported in 2009, accounting for approximately 3% of all newly diagnosed cancers. In Singapore, over 2,000 patients between 35-50 years old have been diagnosed with head and neck cancer from 1998 to 2002. Early diagnosis and localization of head and neck cancer with effective treatment is critical to decreasing the mortality rates.
  • WLR white-light reflectance
  • AF imaging which is capable of detecting the changes of endogenous fiuorophores and morphological architectures of tissue, has been developed to significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity of early neoplastic lesions at endoscopy.
  • AF imaging suffers from moderate diagnostic specificities.
  • Optical spectroscopic techniques such as AF spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy, which provide information about tissue optical properties (e.g. absorption and scattering coefficients), morphologic structures, endogenous fiuorophores distribution, blood content (e.g. hemoglobin) and oxygenation associated with neoplastic transformation, have been comprehensively investigated for in vitro or in vivo precancer and cancer diagnosis in various organs with high diagnostic specificity.
  • tissue optical properties e.g. absorption and scattering coefficients
  • morphologic structures e.g. endogenous fiuorophores distribution
  • blood content e.g. hemoglobin
  • oxygenation associated with neoplastic transformation have been comprehensively investigated for in vitro or in vivo precancer and cancer diagnosis in various organs with high diagnostic specificity.
  • a system for performing tissue measurements comprising: an endoscope for providing illumination light and for acquiring detected light from the tissue; and optical means for directing a portion of the detected light to a spectrometer and another portion of the detected light to an image capturing means.
  • the system may further comprise a light source for providing the illumination light.
  • the light source may be configured to provide white light for white-light reflectance (WLR) imaging.
  • WLR white-light reflectance
  • the light source may be configured to provide a selected wavelength of light for autofluorescence (AF) imaging.
  • AF autofluorescence
  • the optical means may comprise a substantially transparent portion and a reflective portion.
  • the reflective portion may be disposed substantially at the centre of the substantially transparent portion.
  • the optical means may be coupled to an actuating means for moving the optical means when directing a portion of the detected light to the spectrometer and another portion of the detected light to the image capturing means.
  • the reflective portion may comprise gold.
  • the substantially transparent portion may comprise quartz.
  • the reflective portion may be about 100 ⁇ in diameter.
  • the light source may comprise one or more band-pass filters for selecting the wavelength of light provided for imaging.
  • a method of performing tissue measurements comprising the steps of: providing illumination light and acquiring detected light from the tissue using an endoscope; and directing, using an optical means, a portion of the detected light to a spectrometer and another portion of the detected light to an image capturing means.
  • the light source may provide the illumination light.
  • the light source may be configured to provide white light for white-light reflectance (WLR) imaging.
  • WLR white-light reflectance
  • the light source may be configured to provide a selected wavelength of light for autofluorescence (AF) imaging.
  • AF autofluorescence
  • the optical means may comprise a substantially transparent portion and a reflective portion.
  • the reflective portion may be disposed substantially at the centre of the substantially transparent portion.
  • the step of directing a portion of the detected light to a spectrometer and another portion of the detected light to an image capturing means comprises moving the optical means using an actuating means.
  • the substantially transparent portion may comprise quartz.
  • the reflective portion may be about 00 Mm in diameter.
  • the method may further comprise the step of selecting the wavelength of light provided for imaging using one or more band-pass filters.
  • a data storage medium having stored thereon computer program code means for instructing a computer system to execute the method of performing tissue measurements as described herein.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic of a system for integrated point-wise spectroscopy and autofluorescence (AF) imaging for in vivo tissue measurements during endoscopy, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2a shows in vivo white-light reflectance (WLR) images and the corresponding diffuse reflectance (DR) spectra of different tissue sites, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • WLR white-light reflectance
  • DR diffuse reflectance
  • Figure 2b shows in vivo tissue AF images and the corresponding point-wise AF spectra of different tissue sites, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3a shows in vivo AF spectral differences of different sites of the cheek, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3b shows different fluorescent intensity distributions across different spots of the same imaged tissue, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4a shows a white light image of a tumor larynx tissue and a fluorescence image of a normal larynx tissue while Figure 4b shows the corresponding point-wise autofluorescence (AF) spectra of the normal and tumor larynx tissues, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • AF point-wise autofluorescence
  • Figure 5a shows a white light image of a tumor nasopharyngeal tissue and a fluorescence image of a normal nasopharyngeal tissue while Figure 5b shows the corresponding point-wise autofluorescence (AF) spectra of the normal and tumor nasopharyngeal tissues, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • AF point-wise autofluorescence
  • Figure 6a shows a white light image of a tumor colonic tissue and a fluorescence image of a normal colonic tissue while Figure 6b shows the corresponding point-wise autofluorescence (AF) spectra of the normal and tumor colonic tissues, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • AF point-wise autofluorescence
  • Figure 7 is a schematic of a computer system for implementing the system for endoscopy in example embodiments.
  • Figure 9 shows principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) classification results of normal and cancerous tissues, obtained using embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows a scatter plot of posterior probability for normal and cancerous tissue using PCA-LDA with "leave-one spectrum out, cross-validation" method, obtained using embodiments of the present invention.
  • PCA-LDA principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis
  • FIG. 1 shows a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, obtained using embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a flow chart illustrating a method of performing tissue measurements, according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for integrated point- wise spectroscopy (autofluorescence / diffuse reflectance) (AF/DR) and AF endoscopic imaging for real-time in vivo tissue measurements during endoscopy.
  • AF/DR autofluorescence / diffuse reflectance
  • the in vivo point-wise AF/DR spectra can be acquired from any specific area (-100 pm in diameter) of the imaged tissue of interest under AF/WLR imaging guidance during endoscopic examination.
  • a unique point spectrum optical design to realize real-time AF imaging and AF / or diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy measurements from a small area of tissue of interest on the AF image.
  • Both the AF image and the point-wise AF/DR spectra can be simultaneously acquired from an oral cavity in vivo within 0.1 s, and significant changes in AF imaging and point-wise AF spectroscopy can be observed in cancerous colonic, head and neck tissues.
  • embodiments of the present invention can facilitate in vivo tissue diagnosis and characterization at endoscopy.
  • the present specification also discloses apparatus for performing the operations of the methods.
  • Such apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or may comprise a general purpose computer or other device selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer.
  • the algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus.
  • Various general purpose machines may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein.
  • the construction of more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps may be appropriate.
  • the structure of a conventional general purpose computer will appear from the description below.
  • the present specification also implicitly discloses a computer program, in that it would be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the individual steps of the method described herein may be put into effect by computer code.
  • the computer program is not intended to be limited to any particular programming language and implementation thereof. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages and coding thereof may be used to implement the teachings of the disclosure contained herein. Moreover, the computer program is not intended to be limited to any particular control flow. There are many other variants of the computer program, which can use different control flows without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
  • the computer readable medium may include storage devices such as magnetic or optical disks, memory chips, or other storage devices suitable for interfacing with a general purpose computer.
  • the computer readable medium may also include a hard-wired medium such as exemplified in the Internet system, or wireless medium such as exemplified in the GSM mobile telephone system.
  • the computer program when loaded and executed on such a general-purpose computer effectively results in an apparatus that implements the steps of the preferred method.
  • the invention may also be implemented as hardware modules. More particular, in the hardware sense, a module is a functional hardware unit designed for use with other components or modules.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic, designated generally as reference numeral 100, of a system for integrated point-wise spectroscopy and autofluorescence (AF) imaging for in vivo tissue measurements during endoscopy, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • the system 100 comprises a dedicated 300 W xenon short arc lamp 102 which is coupled with two customized band-pass (BP) filters 103 (BP1 : 400-700 nm for WL illumination; BP2: 375-440 nm for AF excitation) for AF/DR spectroscopy and imaging, a medical endoscope 104, a sensitive three-chip charge- coupled device (CCD) camera 106 having a red (R) channel (600-700 nm); green (G) channel (500-580 nm), and blue (B) channel (400-480 nm), a spectrograph 108 equipped with a CCD detector, and an optical adaptor 1 10.
  • BP band-pass
  • the optical adaptor 10 facilitates simultaneous in vivo endoscopic imaging and point-wise AF/DR spectral measurements on any specific areas of an imaged tissue of interest.
  • the gold mirror 120 is disposed substantially at the centre of the quartz glass plate 1 18.
  • a filtered blue excitation iight (375-440 nm) is conducted into the endoscope 104 via a flexible fiber-optic Iight guide 124 and shines onto a tissue through the fiber tip 104a of the endoscope 104. Tissue AF emitted from the tissue is collected by the same fiber tip 104a of the endoscope 104.
  • Tissue fluorescence from the endoscope 104 is coupled into the optical adapter 1 10 by passing through a long pass filter 1 1 1 (cut off at 480 nm) for removing the interference of excitation Iight scattered from the tissue, and then is focused onto the quartz glass plate 1 18 which is positioned at the interim imaging plane of lens 1 12 with an orientation of 45° with respect to the incident Iight direction.
  • the tissue fluorescence light passes through the 45° oriented glass plate 1 18 and is focused onto the 3-chip CCD camera 106 through lens 1 14 for fluorescence imaging measurements.
  • tissue fluorescence is reflected from the gold mirror 120 and focused (via lens 1 16) onto a 100 Mm fiber 123 which is connected to the spectrograph 108 (e.g. USB2000 - Ocean Optics Inc, Florida) for fluorescence spectroscopic measurements.
  • the spectrograph 108 e.g. USB2000 - Ocean Optics Inc, Florida
  • automatic motorization of the gold mirror 120 in the optical adaptor 1 10 together with the point-wise spectrograph 108 facilitates rapid movement of the 100 ⁇ dark spot (due to reflection of the gold mirror 120) on the image to any spot of the imaged tissue of interest.
  • embodiments of the present invention can advantageously pinpoint the spectral properties of the specific areas of interest on the imaged tissue quickly.
  • AF imaging and point-wise AF spectroscopy can be simultaneously acquired from the tissue without requiring a fiber-optic probe to pass down the instrument channel of the endoscope as in conventional endoscopic spectral measurements, which prolong endoscopic operation procedures.
  • simultaneous WLR imaging and point-wise DR spectroscopy on the same tissue can be realized by switching the excitation iight filter to the white light illumination mode (BP1 : 400-700 nm) and removing the 480 nm LP filter in the optical adaptor 1 10.
  • a Labview- based software for real-time endoscopic image (WLR/AF) acquisition and point-wise spectral acquisition and processing e.g. wavelength calibration, system spectral response calibration, CCD dark-noise subtraction, signal saturation detection, etc.
  • WLR/AF real-time endoscopic image
  • spectral acquisition and processing e.g. wavelength calibration, system spectral response calibration, CCD dark-noise subtraction, signal saturation detection, etc.
  • Figure 2a shows an example of in vivo WLR images 202/204/206/208 and the corresponding diffuse reflectance (DR) spectra of different tissue sites (i.e., chin 203, buccal mucosa 205, dorsal of the tongue 207, and lower lip 209) simultaneously acquired from a healthy volunteer using the system 100 under the white light illumination mode.
  • tissue sites i.e., chin 203, buccal mucosa 205, dorsal of the tongue 207, and lower lip 209
  • Point-wise DR spectra from different anatomical locations can be acquired within 10ms, and the absorption peaks (e.g. at 420, 540 and 580 nm) attributed to hemoglobin absorptions in the vessels can be clearly identified, with large absorption variations among different tissue locations.
  • In vivo tissue AF images and point-wise AF spectra can also be simultaneously acquired from the head and neck by swapping the excitation filter in the xenon lamp 102 to the blue BP filter (BP2: 375-440 nm).
  • Figure 2b shows an example of in vivo tissue AF images 210/212/214/216 and the corresponding point- wise AF spectra of different tissue sites (i.e., chin 21 1 , buccal mucosa 213, dorsal of the tongue 215, and lower lip 217) simultaneously acquired from a healthy volunteer using the system 100.
  • High quality in vivo tissue AF spectra can be acquired within 0.1 s from the dark spot areas on the AF images.
  • the AF spectra from different anatomical tissue locations vary, revealing the differences in concentrations of endogenous fluorophores among different tissue locations. For instance, the prominent fluorescence peak at 535 nm for flavins is observed in all different tissues, but a much stronger fluorescence at 630 nm for protoporphyrins is found, particularly in the chin and the tongue.
  • the AF images 210/212/214/216 in Figure 2b contain information about endogenous fluorophores distributions in tissue, and provide a higher image contrast as compared to WLR images 202/204/206/208 in Figure 2a.
  • Embodiments of the present invention can reveal the inhomogeneity of endogenous fluorophores distributions in the same tissue.
  • Intensity profile (I) shows the distribution of endogenous fluorophore-flavins (autofluorescehce peaking at 535 nm) in the cheek.
  • Intensity profile (II) shows the distribution of endogenous fluorophore-protoporphyrin (autofluorescence peaking at 630 nm) in the cheek.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide sensitive diagnosis and detection of neoplastic lesions in humans.
  • Figure 4a shows a white light image of a tumor larynx tissue 402 and a fluorescence image of a normal larynx tissue 404.
  • Figure 4b designated generally as reference numeral 406, shows the corresponding point-wise autofluorescence (AF) spectra of the normal and tumor larynx tissues. Significant spectra changes and intensity changes can be observed in tumor larynx tissues.
  • AF point-wise autofluorescence
  • Figure 5a shows a white light image of a tumor nasopharyngeal tissue 502 and a fluorescence image of a normal nasopharyngeal tissue 504.
  • AF point- wise autofluorescence
  • Figure 6a shows a white light image of a tumor colonic tissue 602 and a fluorescence image of a normal colonic tissue 604.
  • Figure 6b designated generally as reference numeral 606, shows the corresponding point-wise autofluorescence (AF) spectra of the normal and tumor colonic tissues.
  • AF point-wise autofluorescence
  • the simultaneous acquisition of endoscopic autofluorescence (AF) image and AF spectrum from specific areas of imaged tissue in vivo can be realized within 0.1 s without introducing an optical fiber catheter through the instrument channel of the endoscope, which may facilitate the rapid, noninvasive, in vivo tissue diagnosis and characterization in clinical settings.
  • AF endoscopic autofluorescence
  • embodiments of the present invention can be readily adapted to study other internal organs in vivo by using different flexible medical endoscopes (e.g., bronchoscope, coionoscope, gastroscope, etc.).
  • the method and system of the example embodiment can be implemented on a computer system 700, schematically shown in Figure 7. It may be implemented as software, such as a computer program being executed within the computer system 700, and instructing the computer system 700 to conduct the method of the example embodiment.
  • the computer system 700 comprises a computer module 702, input modules such as a keyboard 704 and mouse 706 and a plurality of output devices such as a display 708, and printer 710.
  • the computer module 702 is connected to a computer network 712 via a suitable transceiver device 714, to enable access to e.g. the Internet or other network systems such as Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN).
  • LAN Local Area Network
  • WAN Wide Area Network
  • the computer module 702 in the example includes a processor 718, a Random Access Memory (RAM) 720 and a Read Only Memory (ROM) 722.
  • the computer module 702 also includes a number of Input/Output (I/O) interfaces, for example I/O interface 724 to the display 708, and I/O interface 726 to the keyboard 704.
  • I/O Input/Output
  • the components of the computer module 702 typically communicate via an interconnected bus 728 and in a manner known to the person skilled in the relevant art.
  • the application program is typically supplied to the user of the computer system 700 encoded on a data storage medium such as a CD-ROM or flash memory carrier and read utilising a corresponding data storage medium drive of a data storage device 730.
  • the application program is read and controlled in its execution by the processor 718.
  • Intermediate storage of program data maybe accomplished using RAM 720.
  • FIGS 8 to 1 1 show experimental results obtained using embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 shows principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis
  • PCA-LDA classification results of normal and cancerous tissues, obtained using embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows a scatter plot of posterior probability for normal and cancerous tissue using PCA-LDA with "leave-one spectrum out, cross-validation” method, obtained using embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, obtained using embodiments of the present invention. The area under the ROC curve is 0.973 for PCA-LDA diagnostic algorithms.
  • ROC Receiver Operating Characteristic
  • Figure 12 is a flow chart, designated generally as reference numeral 1200, illustrating a method of performing tissue measurements, according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
  • an endoscope is used to provide illumination light and acquire detected light from the tissue.
  • an optical means is used to direct a portion of the detected light to a spectrometer and another portion of the detected light to an image capturing means.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé et un système de réalisation de mesures de tissu. Le système comprend : un endoscope pour la fourniture d'une lumière d'éclairage et pour l'acquisition d'une lumière détectée provenant du tissu ; et des moyens optiques destinés à diriger une partie de la lumière détectée sur un spectromètre et une autre partie de la lumière détectée sur un moyen de capture d'image.
PCT/SG2011/000218 2010-06-25 2011-06-21 Procédé et système de réalisation de mesures de tissu WO2011162721A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SG201004567-2 2010-06-25
SG2010045672A SG177028A1 (en) 2010-06-25 2010-06-25 Method and apparatus relating to fluorescence imaging and point-wise spectroscopy for in vivo tissue measurements at endoscopy

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015102595A1 (de) * 2015-02-24 2016-08-25 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg Optische Beobachtungsanordnung, Kamera, Endoskop oder Exoskop sowie Endoskop- oder Exoskopsystem

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6161035A (en) * 1997-04-30 2000-12-12 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fluorescence diagnostic apparatus
US20050027166A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2005-02-03 Shinya Matsumoto Endoscope system for fluorescent observation
US20050167621A1 (en) * 2000-12-19 2005-08-04 Haishan Zeng Imaging methods for fluorescence and reflectance imaging and spectroscopy and for contemporaneous measurements of electromagnetic radiation with multiple measuring devices

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6161035A (en) * 1997-04-30 2000-12-12 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fluorescence diagnostic apparatus
US20050167621A1 (en) * 2000-12-19 2005-08-04 Haishan Zeng Imaging methods for fluorescence and reflectance imaging and spectroscopy and for contemporaneous measurements of electromagnetic radiation with multiple measuring devices
US20050027166A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2005-02-03 Shinya Matsumoto Endoscope system for fluorescent observation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015102595A1 (de) * 2015-02-24 2016-08-25 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg Optische Beobachtungsanordnung, Kamera, Endoskop oder Exoskop sowie Endoskop- oder Exoskopsystem
DE102015102595B4 (de) * 2015-02-24 2021-01-28 Karl Storz Se & Co. Kg Optische Beobachtungsanordnung, Kamera, Endoskop oder Exoskop sowie Endoskop- oder Exoskopsystem

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