WO2011162636A1 - Procédé d'enregistrement de signal lumineux, dispositif de mise en œuvre et procédé de balayage d'un objet - Google Patents

Procédé d'enregistrement de signal lumineux, dispositif de mise en œuvre et procédé de balayage d'un objet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011162636A1
WO2011162636A1 PCT/RU2011/000256 RU2011000256W WO2011162636A1 WO 2011162636 A1 WO2011162636 A1 WO 2011162636A1 RU 2011000256 W RU2011000256 W RU 2011000256W WO 2011162636 A1 WO2011162636 A1 WO 2011162636A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
matrix
layers
photosensitive elements
light flux
spectrum
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2011/000256
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Алексей Олегович ФЕДОСЕЕНКО
Денис Николаевич ГЛИНСКИЙ
Original Assignee
Phyedosyeyenko Alyeksyej Olyegovich
Glinskij Dyenis Nikolayevich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Phyedosyeyenko Alyeksyej Olyegovich, Glinskij Dyenis Nikolayevich filed Critical Phyedosyeyenko Alyeksyej Olyegovich
Publication of WO2011162636A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011162636A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
    • G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
    • H04N25/57—Control of the dynamic range
    • H04N25/58—Control of the dynamic range involving two or more exposures
    • H04N25/581—Control of the dynamic range involving two or more exposures acquired simultaneously
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
    • H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to photoelectronic technology, in particular to a technology for recording a light signal, as well as to methods for scanning objects using this technology.
  • the invention can be used, in particular: for scanning any color information media, both for transparency and reflection (for example, film, film, etc.), scanning of any material objects (both for transparency and reflection), including any celestial bodies, as well as cells, particles, molecules, living tissues, for flaw detection of materials and products, for photo, film and video shooting, including observation video for shooting and recording holographic objects, for observing and recording the degree of illumination of material objects and structures based on them.
  • the invention can be used in the following devices: cinema scanners, movie cameras, video cameras, cameras, digital surveillance cameras, motion cameras, night vision cameras, etc., digital binoculars, telescopes, telescopes, electron microscopes, flaw detectors, copiers, parking sensors, medical probes , devices for artificial vision, manual input devices, geodetic recording devices, meteorological recording devices, devices for astronomical and aerial photography, stereo and 3D scanners, sk document flow aners, feedback devices, in object registration systems, devices for monitoring and recording illumination of material structure objects.
  • the purpose of recording a light signal is to determine the intensity of the light flux in various parts of the light spectrum.
  • the prior art method and device for recording light radiation in the regions of the RGB light spectrum see US 6532086 B1, 03/11/2003.
  • the light flux is directed to the surface of the CCD (CCD) TDI matrix of active pixels.
  • the matrix has three regions (RGB), in each of which is light the flux is absorbed in a certain part of the spectrum (in the “red” (R) “green” (G) and “blue” (B)).
  • R red”
  • G green
  • B blue
  • the objective of the claimed invention is the creation of a method and device for recording a light signal that can accurately determine the intensity of the light flux (luminance characteristic) in the visible part of the spectrum and adjacent areas (ultraviolet, infrared).
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for scanning objects using a method and apparatus for registering a light signal, and providing the possibility of obtaining a better digital image.
  • the technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the accuracy of determining the intensity of the light flux in various regions of the spectrum, due to the maximum "absorption" of light-sensitive elements of photons of light falling on the surface of the CCD matrix.
  • the specified technical result is achieved in the method of recording the light signal due to the fact that it includes the decomposition of the light flux into spectrum components, the formation of a coherent polarized light flux from it, the direction of the received flux to the sensor surface in the form of a CCD matrix having at least two layers of photosensitive elements providing the absorption of photons of the light flux by the photosensitive elements of the first with respect to their motion, the matrix layer and / or at least one of its subsequent layers during the breakdown by photons of the previous layers, with the accumulation of photosensitive elements of layers of electric charges, moreover, the decomposed luminous flux is distributed over the matrix surface with the formation of at least two regions, in each of which a part of the spectrum of the decomposed luminous flux is absorbed, and then the light intensity values are determined flow for each part of the spectrum according to the total charge accumulated by photosensitive elements on all layers of the matrix in each of its regions.
  • the matrix equipped with electrodes for parallel charge transfer for its flow from one layer to another and has at least two areas configured to absorption in each part of the spectrum decomposed light flux.
  • each mentioned region of the layer is made in the form of at least one row of active pixels from photosensitive elements.
  • the output elements are installed, and the pixels of each row in the last layer are connected by electrodes of sequential charge transfer, to transfer the accumulated charge from all layers in each row to the output elements.
  • the scan object is moved relative to the light flux.
  • the standard CCD matrix (widely used in various devices) most often is an analog integrated circuit consisting of photosensitive photodiodes and using CCD technology - charge-coupled devices.
  • the CCD matrix consists of polysilicon, separated from the silicon substrate, which, when voltage is applied through polysilicon gates, the electric potentials near the electrodes change. Prior to exposure, usually by applying a certain combination of voltages to the electrodes, all previously formed charges are reset and all elements are brought to an identical state. Further, the combination of voltages on the electrodes creates a potential well in which electrons can be accumulated that are formed in a given pixel of the matrix as a result of exposure to light during exposure. The more intense the light flux during exposure, the more electrons accumulate in the potential well, respectively, the higher the total charge of this pixel.
  • the light flux is directed to the photosensitive surface of the CCD elements, the task of which is to convert the photon energy into an electric charge. In general, this happens as follows.
  • FIG. 1A A preferred embodiment of the matrix of the claimed invention is shown in FIG. 1A and its separate layer in FIG. 1B.
  • the claimed matrix in contrast to the known analogues, contains not one, but at least two photosensitive layers 1 of active pixels 2. Moreover, each of the layers has at least two regions 3, each of which absorbs the decomposed light flux 4 in different parts of the light spectrum.
  • these areas are made in the form of one or more lines.
  • the matrix is equipped with electrodes 5 for parallel charge transfer.
  • the pixels of each row (region) of the matrix are connected by electrodes 6 for sequential charge transfer, in order to "flow" the accumulated charge on all layers in each region to the output elements 7 of the matrix.
  • the preferred architecture of the multilayer pixel 2 in the inventive matrix is shown in Fig. 2.
  • Pixel 2 is a set of photosensitive semiconductor elements 8 placed in a multilayer substrate 9.
  • a lens 10 is installed in front of the first layer (if reflected light is used) and a transparent electrode 11 is separated from the first layer by an insulator 12.
  • Each matrix layer has a generation zone charge carriers 13 and the zone of the potential well 14. Moreover, the layers are separated from each other using transparent or translucent layers 15.
  • the luminous flux is preliminarily decomposed into the components of the spectrum and “Align” with obtaining a coherent polarized light flux (light fluxes across the entire spectrum move parallel to each other).
  • the flow is directed to the surface of the sensor in the form of a CCD array.
  • the luminous flux is distributed over the matrix surface in such a way that at least two regions are formed, in each of which one of the parts of the decomposed spectrum is absorbed, i.e. the light flux with a certain wavelength is absorbed.
  • the formed electrons from all layers “flow” to the last (relative to the movement of the light flux) layer, in which using electrodes 6 of sequential transfer in each row, the charge from all layers moves with the output elements 7 of the matrix.
  • the total charge formed in each region of the matrix on all layers determines the intensity (luminance characteristic) of light radiation in each part of the spectrum (for each wavelength range).
  • the path of the photon and its further “fate” depend on the angle of incidence of the front of the electromagnetic wave, in the plane of which the photons move.
  • the potential of this layer will contribute to the overall picture of the intensity of the incident radiation.
  • Those photons, the angle of incidence in the front of the incident radiation and, accordingly, the axis of polarization, which will be longitudinal, and the angle of incidence on the first layer will be much more than 90 degrees, will be almost completely absorbed by the first layer and will react with it electrons.
  • the wave front of the incident radiation tends to 90 degrees
  • the plane of polarization of the wave front is longitudinal
  • the surface of the matrix material has such a structure (roughness) at which a possible reflection on the outer layer would ensure the capture of photons at an angle of 90 degrees to the elements of the matrix structure.
  • the surface of the matrix has a roughness of the structure, in the limit absolutely black.
  • Fig.3 presents a graph of the characteristic curve (HK) sensitometry.
  • Sensitivity or density in the case of comparison with a film or photo film
  • the exposure value is measured in lux per second and has a logarithmic form for compactness of convenience of assessment and perception of final values.
  • each layer will better accumulate and transfer the energy of interaction between photons and electrons, and the total charge of this interaction will be estimated and fixed.
  • RGB space (figure 4): Red, Green, Blue - red, green, blue. The color is divided into 3 characteristics expressing the content of the primary colors. The model is additive, since these components are summed. This color space is used when displayed on the monitor screen. This means that the model is hardware dependent, on different monitors the same colors will look different. RGB color is used with different accuracy: 8-bit RGB gives 256 colors, 16-bit 65536 (scheme 5-6-5), 24-bit 16777216 (8-8-8). The brackets indicate the bits per channel.
  • CMYK space (Fig. 5): Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key - cyan, magenta, yellow, key (black). This format is used in printers. Saves ink. Unfortunately, you cannot create inks similar to RGB for printing. The thing is that these colors work only "in the light", i.e. through a film-filter or phosphor monitor. Colors are as if cut out by appropriate filters from a continuous spectrum. In print, everything happens exactly the opposite, that is, paper absorbs the entire spectrum except for the color in which it is painted. It is not possible to create paints that are absolutely exactly "opposite" (complementary) to RGB colors, so you have to enter the fourth additional paint - black. Its task is to enhance the absorption of light in dark areas, to make them as black as possible, that is, to increase the tonal range of printing. The four-channel CMYK is heavier than RGB and processed more slowly, taking up more memory.
  • HLS space (Fig. 6): Hue, Lightness, Space - hue, brightness, saturation. A fairly common format, convenient for applying various effects. Unlike the previous two cubic spectra of RGB and CMYK, HLS is conical. The HSB (Hue, Space, Brightness) and HSV (Hue, Space, Value) models, which are also conical, are very similar to it. These patterns are closest to human color perception. In addition, it is most convenient for optical and photometric calculations: the hue corresponds to the wavelength, brightness to the amount of light, saturation to intensity. So this model will be convenient when working with light sources and materials.
  • CIE XYZ space (Fig. 7): Normal color scheme - flat color rendering model.
  • the red color components are elongated along the X axis of the coordinate plane (horizontal), and the green color components are elongated along the Y axis (vertically).
  • each color corresponds to a certain point on the coordinate plane.
  • the spectral purity of colors decreases as you move along the coordinate plane to the left. But this model does not take into account brightness.
  • This model is hardware independent, it supports much more colors than modern devices (scanners, monitors, printers) can distinguish.
  • CIE XYZ is based on the visual capabilities of the so-called "Standard Observer", that is, a hypothetical a viewer whose capabilities have been carefully studied and documented in the course of long-term studies of human vision conducted by the CIE committee.
  • the CIE committee conducted many experiments with a huge number of people, asking them to compare different colors, and then using the combined data of these experiments built the so-called color matching functions and the universal color space in which the range was presented visible colors, characteristic of the average person.
  • the color matching functions are the values of each primary light component that must be present so that a person with average vision can perceive all the colors of the visible spectrum
  • CIE Lab Space (FIG. 8): Advanced XYZ Model.
  • the ultimate goal of the CIE was to develop a repeatable system of color rendering standards for manufacturers of paints, inks, pigments and other dyes. The most important function of these standards is to provide a universal scheme within which color matching can be established. The basis of this scheme is the Standard Observer and the XYZ color space, however, the unbalanced nature of the XYZ space, due to the fact that a person distinguishes the difference between shades of green and yellow much better than between shades of red and purple, made these standards difficult to implement clearly. As a result, CIE developed more uniform color scales - CIE Lab and CIE Luv. Of these two models, the CIE Lab model is more widely used.
  • the well-balanced Lab color space structure is based on the theory that color cannot be both green and red or yellow and blue. Therefore, the same values can be used to describe the red-green and yellow-blue attributes.
  • L denotes luminosity
  • a is the value of the red-green component
  • b is the value of the yellow-blue component.
  • the most limited and accordingly dependent space model is the RGB space model, and since all existing matrices register light emission precisely according to this model, the luminance characteristic L of these matrices is rigidly tied to color characteristics and any change in the luminance range immediately leads to a change in color and vice versa.
  • the range of measured colors and their shades is limited only by the number of steps for recording the color spectrum for a given material and matrix execution.
  • a fundamentally different level of accuracy is achieved when processing color information and, accordingly, the range of measured and recorded color shades is limited only by the mathematical apparatus of the current representation of the CIE Lab space model.
  • the considered method and device for detecting light radiation can be applied when scanning various objects.
  • an object is scanned as follows:
  • the luminous flux is directed to the scanning object and passing through this object to the lumen or reflected from it, the light acquires spectral and brightness characteristics corresponding to the scanned area of the object.
  • the resulting luminous flux is decomposed into spectral components and “aligned”, forming a coherent polarized luminous flux from it.
  • the luminous flux carrying information about the scanned object is sent to the surface of the CCD matrix.
  • FIG. 9 A preferred embodiment of the scanning apparatus of this method is shown in FIG. 9.
  • the device comprises a light source 16 (for example, a feedback LED array), an optical system 17 for normalizing the light flux, a slit mask 18, an optical system 19 (channel, path, prism lens system, slits and gratings) for the decomposition of the light flux, a CCD matrix 20, the design of which is described above, an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) 21 and an information storage device 22.
  • a light source 16 for example, a feedback LED array
  • an optical system 17 for normalizing the light flux
  • a slit mask 18 for normalizing the light flux
  • an optical system 19 channel, path, prism lens system, slits and gratings
  • CCD matrix 20 the design of which is described above
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • the light When scanning an object, the light is emitted by the light source 16 and normalized using an optical system 17, at the exit of which the light is a stream of white light or close to it, whose amplitude (brightness) is aligned over the entire frequency (spectral) range. Further, the luminous flux passes through the slit mask 18, where it is converted into a narrow light beam.
  • a scanning object for example, a film or a plate
  • a scanning object is placed in the center of the slit mask, the plane of which moves perpendicular to the plane of the narrow light flux.
  • the luminous flux enters the photosensitive surface of the CCD of the matrix 20.
  • the object can be scanned line by line, i.e. step by step “flashing” the object with narrow “stripes”.
  • the luminous flux moves along the “width” of the object, at each moment of time, passing through the scanning object (or reflecting from it) and unfolding with the help of an optical system, it forms a light plane on the active matrix that is laid out (unfolded) in the visible (400-700 nm) or a spectrum close to it in width, and along the length of the light flux corresponds to the width of the scanned object.
  • the signal from the CCD matrix is processed using the ADC 21. It accumulated the charge carrying information about the brightness characteristics of the object, summed up at certain intervals and with a given sampling frequency on a set of bands and layers, with information about the spectral characteristics of the object, are converted into the resulting digital code of the image of the scanned object. From the output of the ADC information in the form of a file is fed to the storage device 22.
  • the method of scanning an object using the described technology for recording a light signal allows to obtain a better digital image due to:
  • the claimed method and device for recording a light signal (CCD), as well as a method of scanning objects provide the most accurate determination of the intensity of the light flux in each region of the light spectrum, due to the preliminary decomposition of the flux into spectral components and the use of several photosensitive layers.

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte aux techniques photo-électriques et concerne notamment une technique d'enregistrement de signal lumineux, ainsi que des procédés de balayage d'objets en utilisant une technique donnée. Cette invention peut être utilisée notamment dans divers dispositifs de balayage d'objets. Le procédé d'enregistrement d'un signal lumineux consiste à décomposer le flux lumineux en composantes du spectre, à former à partir de celui-ci un flux lumineux polarisé cohérent, et à orienter le flux obtenu sur la surface d'un capteur consistant en une matrice de dispositifs à couplage de charge. La matrice comprend au moins deux couches d'éléments photosensibles. Les photons du flux lumineux sont absorbés par les éléments photosensibles de la première couche de la matrice, par rapport à leur déplacement, et/ou par les éléments d'au moins une des couches suivantes de la matrice une fois que les photons ont traversé les couches précédentes. Lors de l'absorption des photons, les éléments photosensibles des couches accumulent les charges électriques. Le flux lumineux décomposé est réparti sur la surface de la matrice de manière à former au moins deux zones dans chacune desquelles est absorbée une partie du spectre du flux lumineux décomposé. On détermine ensuite la valeur d'intensité du flux lumineux pour chaque partie du spectre en fonction de la charge globale accumulée par les éléments photosensibles dans toutes les couches de la matrice et dans chacune de ses zones. Le résultat technique consiste en une augmentation de la précision de définition de l'intensité du faisceau lumineux dans les différentes régions du spectre du fait de l'absorption maximale par les éléments photosensibles des photons de la lumière qui heurtent la surface de la matrice de dispositifs à couplage de charge.
PCT/RU2011/000256 2010-06-25 2011-04-20 Procédé d'enregistrement de signal lumineux, dispositif de mise en œuvre et procédé de balayage d'un objet WO2011162636A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2010125945 2010-06-25
RU2010125945/28A RU2431906C1 (ru) 2010-06-25 2010-06-25 Способ регистрации светового сигнала, устройство для его осуществления и способ сканирования объекта

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WO2011162636A1 true WO2011162636A1 (fr) 2011-12-29

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4238760A (en) * 1978-10-06 1980-12-09 Recognition Equipment Incorporated Multi-spectrum photodiode devices
US4613895A (en) * 1977-03-24 1986-09-23 Eastman Kodak Company Color responsive imaging device employing wavelength dependent semiconductor optical absorption
RU2066886C1 (ru) * 1989-10-16 1996-09-20 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт физических проблем им.Ф.В.Лукина Регистр сдвига
US20020058353A1 (en) * 2000-09-25 2002-05-16 Foveon, Inc. Vertical color filter detector group and array

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4613895A (en) * 1977-03-24 1986-09-23 Eastman Kodak Company Color responsive imaging device employing wavelength dependent semiconductor optical absorption
US4238760A (en) * 1978-10-06 1980-12-09 Recognition Equipment Incorporated Multi-spectrum photodiode devices
RU2066886C1 (ru) * 1989-10-16 1996-09-20 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт физических проблем им.Ф.В.Лукина Регистр сдвига
US20020058353A1 (en) * 2000-09-25 2002-05-16 Foveon, Inc. Vertical color filter detector group and array

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