WO2011160278A1 - 利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺 - Google Patents

利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011160278A1
WO2011160278A1 PCT/CN2010/074157 CN2010074157W WO2011160278A1 WO 2011160278 A1 WO2011160278 A1 WO 2011160278A1 CN 2010074157 W CN2010074157 W CN 2010074157W WO 2011160278 A1 WO2011160278 A1 WO 2011160278A1
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organic
oil palm
fermentation
fertilizer
materials
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PCT/CN2010/074157
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈晓敏
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福建省大德投资发展有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2010/074157 priority Critical patent/WO2011160278A1/zh
Publication of WO2011160278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011160278A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a production process for preparing an organic series fertilizer by using oil palm empty fruit bunches.
  • Oil palm empty fruit bunch (English name empty fruit bunch of oi l palm or Oi l palm empty fruit bunches) refers to the leftovers left after oil palm threshing. In the past, oil palm empty fruit bunches were directly discarded as garbage, not only It pollutes the environment and wastes a lot of materials.
  • the present invention provides a production process for producing an organic series fertilizer by using oil palm empty fruit bunches, which can not only produce oil palm fruit bunches into organic series fertilizers (organic fertilizer, organic Inorganic compound fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers, which turn waste into treasure, and can dispose of a large amount of oil palm empty fruit string waste and sludge, which is conducive to reducing environmental pollution.
  • organic series fertilizers organic fertilizer, organic Inorganic compound fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers, which turn waste into treasure, and can dispose of a large amount of oil palm empty fruit string waste and sludge, which is conducive to reducing environmental pollution.
  • the water is sprayed on the materials to make the water content of the materials reach 55-70%, and the materials are evenly mixed;
  • Organic fertilizer According to the test data of the complete fermentation material in step (3), add little or no inorganic materials containing N and / or P and / or K and / or Ca and / or Mg, so that the technical indicators of the material are achieved.
  • organic-inorganic compound fertilizer According to the test data of the complete fermentation of the step (3), add an appropriate amount of inorganic materials containing N and / or P and / or K and / or Ca and / or Mg, so that the technical indicators of the material The national standard of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer or the demand for the nutrients of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer in the oil palm plantation soil and different varieties of oil palm, and then the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by extrusion granulation;
  • Bio-organic fertilizer Add appropriate amount of microbial inoculant in step (3) Fermented complete material, so that the technical index of the material reaches the national standard of bio-organic fertilizer or reach the soil of various oil palm plantations and the oil palm of different varieties. The demand for organic fertilizer nutrients is then made into bio-organic fertilizer by extrusion granulation.
  • the invention selects excellent fiber fermentation bacteria agent and advanced biochemical treatment technology, the microorganism can rapidly form a dominant flora, and the fermentation time of the organic material is greatly shortened, and the fermentation can be completely fermented in 22-25 days.
  • the production process of the invention fully utilizes the characteristics that the biochar of the compost can evaporate a large amount of water, and not only has low energy consumption, low power consumption, low labor intensity, but also can better control the humidity of the fermentation material and reduce the loss of effective nutrients.
  • the invention utilizes the sludge and sewage generated in the production process of the palm oil plant to be rich in nutrient components, and the oil palm fruit silk has strong adsorption capacity, and fully absorbs a large amount of solid matter in the sludge and sewage to improve composting. Nutrient content.
  • the invention utilizes oil palm fruit silk to continuously spray sewage in the fermentation process, and can greatly reduce the discharge of industrial sewage of the palm oil plant, in particular, can greatly reduce the BOD content in the sewage.
  • the invention uses oil palm empty fruit bunch as raw material, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are combined to form organic series fertilizer suitable for oil palm growth, organic fertilizer prepared by the invention is applied to oil palm, and oil palm is purely Compared with the application of chemical fertilizers, it has the following advantages: 1 can increase the production of oil palm and provide a variety of nutrients needed for oil palm growth.
  • the organic series fertilizer prepared by the invention not only contains a large amount of organic substances, but also contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium elements and various medium and trace elements necessary for the growth and development of oil palm, and the energy source continuously supplies oil palm growth;
  • the organic matter contained in the organic series fertilizer can be decomposed and transformed by microorganisms to release various mineral nutrients for oil palm absorption and utilization, and continuously release carbon dioxide to promote the photosynthesis of oil palm, thereby increasing yield and improving oil palm fruit yield. The effect of oil content.
  • the organic series fertilizer prepared by the invention can improve soil physical properties, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, enhance soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, increase soil organic matter content, and renew soil humus composition, especially to promote oil palm root growth.
  • the organic series fertilizer prepared by the invention is rich in a plurality of nutrient elements, which are the main sources of energy and nutrients of soil microorganisms, and can promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and the activity is remarkably enhanced.
  • the organic series fertilizer prepared by the invention forms various enzyme substances such as humic acid and vitamin in the process of decomposition and transformation, can improve oil palm nutrition, strengthen oil palm metabolism, stimulate oil palm growth, and improve the utilization of nutrients.
  • the insoluble phosphorus and calcium in the soil can be decomposed and converted into phosphorus and calcium compounds which can be absorbed and utilized by oil palm, thereby improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and promoting oil palm. Growing up.
  • the application of the organic series fertilizer prepared by the invention can enhance the resistance of the oil palm, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, reduce the amount of pesticides, improve the self-purification ability of the soil, reduce pollution, and protect the ecological environment.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the production process of the present invention.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a production process for producing an organic series fertilizer using an oil palm empty fruit string, which is characterized in that it comprises the following production steps:
  • the water is sprayed on the materials to make the water content of the materials reach 55-70%, and the materials are evenly mixed.
  • the sludge added as an auxiliary material should be sludge rich in organic matter and having a heavy metal content not exceeding the standard. It is preferably sludge produced during the production and processing of the palm oil plant (also can be pond mud, or other oils).
  • the sludge produced in the processing and processing of the processing plant, or other sludge rich in organic matter and having a heavy metal content not exceeding the standard), the water used for spraying the material in this step and the next step is preferably the production process of the palm oil plant.
  • the sewage produced (of course, it can also be tap water, etc.), which can absorb a large amount of solid matter in the sludge and sewage to increase the nutrient content of the compost.
  • the sewage used for spraying is preferably more solid content at the bottom of the sedimentation tank.
  • the water content of the controlled material is in the period of 55-70%, in order to facilitate the rapid fermentation and decomposing of the material, and the range above or below the water content is not conducive to rapid fermentation, of course, the upper limit of the above water content can also be However, it is necessary to additionally increase the water content of the material to the above range by drying or increasing the number of turning operations, which not only increases the labor cost, but also delays the fermentation speed of the material.
  • the natto natto is added to the mixture of 0. 03-0. 05kg of natto.
  • the nattokinase microbial fermentation fungicide is added. 0. 03-0. 05kg of nattokinase microbial fermentation fungicide.
  • the fiber fermenting agent may also be a commercially available EM fermenting agent or RW fermenting agent or other various existing fiber fermenting agents, and the specific addition amount may be determined according to the instruction manual of the corresponding product, EM fermentation.
  • the amount of the microbial agent or the RW fermenting agent added is generally 1 to 2 kg of the fermenting agent per ton of the mixed material.
  • the water content of the material should be properly controlled, so that the material can reach rapid fermentation and maturity.
  • the number of times of throwing should also be reasonable, and the number of overturning is too much, which not only increases the labor cost, but also accelerates the evaporation of material moisture to a certain extent, thus affecting compost fermentation.
  • the composting fermentation described in this step is preferably carried out by batch fermentation of the materials in a stripping manner, that is, the mixed materials are piled into a strip shape, which is advantageous for the turning operation.
  • the production process of the present invention does not exclude the compost fermentation in the tank mode.
  • the composting fermentation process described in this step is preferably divided into two stages: 10-15 days in the previous stage, during which the spraying water is sprayed once every 2 days. , the water content of each pile of materials is controlled between 55% and 70%, and the material is turned over 1-2 times a day; the next stage is 10-12 days, during which only the turning operation is carried out. If the water content of the material is 45%, the material will be transferred twice a day (usually once in the morning and at night). If the moisture content of the material is 45%, the material will be turned 1-2 times a day. Throw homework.
  • the stacking of materials can be carried out according to the actual production needs, in one of the following two ways: One is to first put the cut and processed oil palm fruit silk into piles, and then to each pile of oil palm fruit silk Adding auxiliary materials and sprayed sewage, combined with the turning operation, the materials are evenly mixed and piled neatly, and then the composting fermentation process is carried out. In another method, various auxiliary materials may be added to the oil palm fruit silk, and the sewage is sprayed. After the mixture is uniformly mixed, the uniformly mixed materials are piled up, and then the compost fermentation process is performed.
  • the changes in compost temperature, moisture and pH should be checked every day.
  • the temperature can be lowered or warmed by turning over to make the fermentation uniform.
  • Spray water when the moisture is too low, turn over when the moisture is too high to promote evaporation of water; adjust the alkali (such as lime) when the pH is too low, and add acidic material (such as superphosphate) when the pH is too high ) make adjustments.
  • the alkali such as lime
  • acidic material such as superphosphate
  • the step (3) fermented material is made into at least one of the following three kinds of fertilizers:
  • Organic fertilizer According to the test data of the complete fermentation material in step (3), add little or no inorganic materials containing N and / or P and / or K and / or Ca and / or Mg, so that the technical indicators of the material are achieved.
  • organic-inorganic compound fertilizer According to the test data of the complete fermentation of the step (3), add an appropriate amount of inorganic materials containing N and / or P and / or K and / or Ca and / or Mg, so that the technical indicators of the material The national standard of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer or the demand for the nutrients of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer in the oil palm plantation soil and different varieties of oil palm, and then the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by extrusion granulation;
  • Bio-organic fertilizer Add appropriate amount of microbial inoculant in step (3) Fermented complete material, so that the technical index of the material reaches the national standard of bio-organic fertilizer or reach the soil of various oil palm plantations and the oil palm of different varieties. The demand for organic fertilizer nutrients is then made into bio-organic fertilizer by extrusion granulation.
  • the organic fertilizer of the present invention is a cylindrical particle having a particle diameter of between 0. 8-lOcm. This is not only conducive to soil absorption, but also is not easy to lose nutrients due to factors such as rain erosion after fertilization.
  • the nutrients of N, P and K in the complete fermentation of the step (3) are relatively low, sometimes according to the needs of the user, it is necessary to add certain inorganic nutrients to meet the growth and development requirements of the oil palm.
  • the specific addition amount should be based on the measured value of the completely fermented material, combined with the different soil conditions of the oil palm plantation and the demand for various nutrients of different oil palm varieties.
  • the above three fertilizers should be selectively applied according to the different soil conditions of the oil palm plantation and the oil palm fertilizer characteristics of different varieties.
  • the organic series fertilizer is prepared as follows:
  • the amount of fiber fermentation bacteria added may be such that the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the added material is 25:1;
  • the water is sprayed on the materials to make the water content of the materials reach 55%, and the materials are evenly mixed;
  • the temperature is controlled at about 60 °C
  • the pH is controlled at 5.9
  • the water content of the final fermented material is 35%.
  • the composting fermentation process is divided into two stages: 10 days in the previous stage, during which the water is sprayed once every 2 days to control the water content of each pile to 55%, and The material is 1-2 times per day. In the latter stage, 12 days, during this fermentation, only the turning operation is carried out. If the water content of the material is 45%, the material is turned twice a day. If the moisture content of the material is 45%, the material is turned over 1-2 times a day.
  • step (3) of the fermented material is made into at least one of the following three types of fertilizer:
  • Organic fertilizer According to the test data of the complete fermentation material in step (3), add little or no inorganic materials containing N and / or P and / or K and / or Ca and / or Mg, so that the technical indicators of the material are achieved
  • the organic standard of the organic fertilizer (the cylindrical granules, the diameter of the particles is 0. 8-10cm), the granules of the granules are granulated. Between)
  • organic-inorganic compound fertilizer According to the test data of the complete fermentation of the step (3), add an appropriate amount of inorganic materials containing N and / or P and / or K and / or Ca and / or Mg, so that the technical indicators of the material National standard for organic-inorganic compound fertilizers or the demand for organic and inorganic compound fertilizer nutrients in soils of various oil palm plantations and oil palms of different varieties, and then organic and inorganic compound fertilizers (cylindrical particles) , the particle diameter is between 0. 8-10cm);
  • Bio-organic fertilizer Add appropriate amount of microbial inoculant in step (3) Fermented complete material, so that the technical index of the material reaches the national standard of bio-organic fertilizer or reach the soil of various oil palm plantations and the oil palm of different varieties.
  • the organic fertilizer is prepared by extrusion granulation (cylindrical particles having a particle diameter of between 0.8 and 10 cm).
  • Example 2 Using the oil palm empty fruit bunch as raw material, the organic series fertilizer is prepared as follows:
  • the water is sprayed on the materials to make the water content of the materials reach 70%, and the materials are evenly mixed;
  • the temperature is controlled at about 75 ° C
  • the pH is controlled at 8.5
  • the water content of the final fermented material is 35%.
  • the composting fermentation process is divided into two stages: 15 days in the previous stage, during which the water is sprayed once every 2 days to control the water content of each pile to 70%, and The material is 1-2 times per day, and the next stage is 10 days. During this fermentation, only the turning operation is carried out. If the water content of the material is 45%, the material is turned over twice a day. If the moisture content of the material is 45%, the material is turned over 1-2 times a day.
  • step (3) fermented material is made into at least one of the following three types of fertilizer:
  • Organic fertilizer According to the test data of the complete fermentation material in step (3), add little or no inorganic materials containing N and / or P and / or K and / or Ca and / or Mg, so that the technical indicators of the material are achieved
  • the organic standard of the organic fertilizer (the cylindrical granules, the diameter of the particles is 0. 8-10cm), the granules of the granules are granulated. Between)
  • organic-inorganic compound fertilizer According to the test data of the complete fermentation of the step (3), add an appropriate amount of inorganic materials containing N and / or P and / or K and / or Ca and / or Mg, so that the technical indicators of the material National standards for organic and inorganic compound fertilizers or soils of various oil palm plantations and oil palm pairs of different varieties
  • the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by extrusion granulation (cylindrical particles having a particle diameter of between 0.8 and 10 cm);
  • Bio-organic fertilizer Add appropriate amount of microbial inoculant in step (3) Fermented complete material, so that the technical index of the material reaches the national standard of bio-organic fertilizer or reach the soil of various oil palm plantations and the oil palm of different varieties.
  • the organic fertilizer is prepared by extrusion granulation (cylindrical particles having a particle diameter of between 0.8 and 10 cm).
  • the organic series fertilizer is prepared as follows:
  • the water is sprayed on the materials to make the water content of the materials reach 65%, and the materials are evenly mixed;
  • the temperature is controlled at around 65 °C
  • the pH is controlled at 6.5
  • the water content of the final fermentation is 30%.
  • the composting fermentation process is divided into two stages: 12 days in the previous stage, during which the water is sprayed once every 2 days to control the water content of each pile to 65%, and The material is 1-2 times per day, and the next stage is 11 days. During this fermentation, only the turning operation is carried out. If the water content of the material is 45%, the material is turned over twice a day. If the moisture content of the material is 45%, the material is turned over 1-2 times a day.
  • step (3) fermented material is made into at least one of the following three types of fertilizer:
  • organic fertilizer according to the test data of the complete fermentation of the step (3), add a small amount or not Adding inorganic materials containing N and / or P and / or K and / or Ca and / or Mg, so that the technical indicators of the materials reach the national standard of organic fertilizers or reach the soil of various oil palm plantations and the oil palm pairs of different varieties
  • the organic fertilizer is produced by extrusion granulation (columnar granules having a particle diameter of between 0.8 and 10 cm);
  • organic-inorganic compound fertilizer According to the test data of the complete fermentation of the step (3), add an appropriate amount of inorganic materials containing N and / or P and / or K and / or Ca and / or Mg, so that the technical indicators of the material National standard for organic-inorganic compound fertilizers or the demand for organic and inorganic compound fertilizer nutrients in soils of various oil palm plantations and oil palms of different varieties, and then organic and inorganic compound fertilizers (cylindrical particles) , the particle diameter is between 0. 8-10cm);
  • Bio-organic fertilizer Add appropriate amount of microbial inoculant in step (3) Fermented complete material, so that the technical index of the material reaches the national standard of bio-organic fertilizer or reach the soil of various oil palm plantations and the oil palm of different varieties.
  • the organic fertilizer is prepared by extrusion granulation (cylindrical particles having a particle diameter of between 0.8 and 10 cm).

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Description

利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺。
背景技术
油棕空果串 （英文名 empty fruit bunch of oi l palm或者 Oi l palm empty fruit bunches ) 是指油棕脱粒后剩下的下脚料， 以往都是将油棕空果串直接当 成垃圾抛弃， 不仅污染环境， 而且浪费大量材料。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术所存在的上述问题， 本发明提供了一种利用油棕空果串 制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺，它不仅能将油棕空果串制作成有机系列肥料（有 机肥料、 有机无机复混肥料及生物有机肥料）， 从而变废为宝， 而且能处理掉大 量的油棕空果串废弃物及污泥， 从而有利于减少环境污染。
本发明技术方案是这样构成的， 一种利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的 生产工艺， 其特征在于： 它包括以下生产步骤：
( 1 ) 切割： 先将油棕空果串切割成油棕果丝；
( 2 ) 添加辅料和喷淋水： 接着对步骤 （1 ) 加工制得的油棕果丝添加辅料 和喷淋水， 添加辅料的顺序为：
①先添加污泥或草炭土， 添加量为： 1重量份的油棕果丝添加 0. 1-1重量份 的污泥或草炭土；
②再添加适量的纤维发酵菌剂和尿素， 纤维发酵菌剂的添加量根据各种纤 维发酵菌剂的实际发酵处理能力而定， 尿素的添加量以能使添加后物料中的碳 氮比达到 25: 1-30： 1为宜；
在添加辅料的过程中或添加完所有辅料后， 对物料喷淋水， 使物料的含水 量达到 55-70%, 并使物料混合均匀；
( 3 ) 堆肥发酵： 之后使添加了辅料、 喷淋过水并混合均匀的物料进行分堆 高温发酵， 发酵期间适时对各堆物料进行喷淋水和翻抛作业， 使各堆物料逐步 发酵完全；
(4 ) 制作有机系列肥料： 最后将步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料制成以下三种 肥料中的至少一种：
①有机肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加少量或者不 添加含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达 到有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对有机肥 料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机肥料；
②有机无机复混肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加适 量含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达到 有机无机复混肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对 有机无机复混肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机无机复混肥料；
③生物有机肥料： 在步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料中添加适量微生物菌剂， 使 物料的技术指标达到生物有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不 同品种的油棕对生物有机肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成生物有机肥 料。
较之现有技术而言， 本发明所提供的利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的 生产工艺具有以下优点：
①发酵时间短。 由于本发明选用优良的纤维发酵菌剂和先进的生化处理技 术， 可使微生物快速形成优势菌群， 大大缩短有机物料的发酵时间， 一般 22-25 天即可完全发酵腐熟。
②能耗低。 本发明生产工艺充分利用堆肥生物热可蒸发大量水分的特性， 不仅耗能低、 省电、 劳动强度小， 而且能较好地控制发酵物料的湿度， 减少有 效营养成分的损失。
③养分含量高。 本发明利用棕油厂生产加工过程中产生的污泥和污水中含 有丰富的营养成分， 以及油棕果丝具有较强的吸附能力， 充分吸收污泥和污水 中大量的固形物质， 以提高堆肥的养分含量。
④污水处理能力强。本发明利用油棕果丝在发酵过程中需不断地喷淋污水， 可以大量减少棕油厂工业污水的排放量，尤其是能大大降低污水中 BOD的含量。
⑤减少环境污染。 不仅可以处理掉棕油厂所有的油棕空果串废弃物和污泥， 而且可以处理大量棕油厂生产加工过程中产生的污水。
此外， 本发明以油棕空果串为原料， 将有机肥料和化学肥料配合制成适合 油棕生长所需的有机系列肥料， 对油棕施用本发明制备的有机系列肥料， 与单 纯对油棕施用化学肥料相比， 具有以下优势： ①能提高油棕的产量和提供油棕生长所需的多种养分。 本发明制备的有机 系列肥料不仅含有大量的有机物质， 而且含有油棕生长发育所必需的氮、 磷、 钾元素及多种中、 微量元素， 能源源不断地供给油棕生长； 本发明制备的有机 系列肥料所含的有机物质经微生物分解转化可释放出各种矿质养分供油棕吸收 利用， 并不断地释放出二氧化碳， 促进油棕的光合作用， 从而达到增产和提高 油棕出果率、 含油量的效果。
②可改良土壤结构， 增强土壤肥力， 促进油棕根系生长， 使油棕产业可持 续发展， 彻底解决已经或即将到来的土壤板结、 酸化和有机质匮乏等现象。 施 用本发明制备的有机系列肥料， 可以改善土壤物理性状， 促进土壤团粒结构形 成， 增强土壤保水、 保肥能力， 提高土壤有机质的含量， 更新土壤腐殖质组成， 尤其是能促进油棕根系生长。
③能提高土壤有益微生物的活性和肥料利用率， 促进油棕不断生长。 长期 使用化学肥料容易在油棕根部周围形成含磷、 钙等不易溶解的有机铬合物 （即 保护膜）， 阻碍根部对养分的吸收。 本发明制备的有机系列肥料富含多种营养元 素， 它们是土壤微生物取得能量和养分的主要来源， 可使土壤中有益的微生物 大量繁殖， 活动显著增强。 本发明制备的有机系列肥料在分解转化过程中会形 成胡敏酸、 维生素等多种酶物质， 能够改善油棕营养、 加强油棕新陈代谢、 刺 激油棕生长、 提高其对养分的利用。 通过多种解磷、 解钾等微生物的作用， 可 以使土壤中难溶的磷、 钙等分解出来， 转化成油棕可吸收利用的磷、 钙化合物， 从而提高肥料的利用率， 促进油棕不断生长。
④可增强油棕的抗逆性， 保护生态环境。 施用本发明制备的有机系列肥料， 可增强油棕的抗逆性， 减轻病虫害的发生， 减少农药用量， 提高土壤自净能力， 减少污染， 保护生态环境。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的生产工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式和实施例对本发明内容进行详细说明：
一. 具体实施方式：
本发明具体实施方式提供了一种利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产 工艺， 其特征在于： 它包括以下生产步骤：
( 1 ) 切割： 先将油棕空果串切割成油棕果丝； 切割获得的油棕果丝的长度 最好应 3cm， 从而增加果丝的表面积， 提高发酵速度， 缩短发酵时间。
( 2 ) 添加辅料和喷淋水： 接着对步骤 （1 ) 加工制得的油棕果丝添加辅料 和喷淋水， 添加辅料的顺序为：
①先添加污泥或草炭土， 添加量为： 1重量份的油棕果丝添加 0. 1-1重量份 的污泥或草炭土；
②再添加适量的纤维发酵菌剂和尿素， 纤维发酵菌剂的添加量根据各种纤 维发酵菌剂的实际发酵处理能力而定， 尿素的添加量以能使添加后物料中的碳 氮比达到 25 : 1-30： 1为宜；
在添加辅料的过程中或添加完所有辅料后， 对物料喷淋水， 使物料的含水 量达到 55-70%, 并使物料混合均匀。
在本步骤中， 作为辅料添加的污泥应为富含有机质且重金属含量不超标的 污泥， 最好为棕油厂生产加工过程中产生的污泥 （也可以是池塘泥， 或者其它 油类加工厂生产加工过程中产生的污泥， 或者其它富含有机质且重金属含量不 超标的污泥）， 本步骤以及下一步骤中用来对物料喷淋的水最好为棕油厂生产加 工过程中产生的污水 （当然也可以是自来水等）， 这样可吸收污泥和污水中的大 量的固形物质以提高堆肥的养分含量。 喷淋所采用的污水以沉淀池底部固形物 含量较多的为佳。 此外， 控制物料的含水量在 55-70%期间， 是为了便于物料的 快速发酵腐熟， 高于或低于上述含水量的范围均不利于快速发酵， 当然超过上 述含水量的上限值也是可以的， 但却需要额外通过晾晒或增加翻抛作业的次数 等方法来使物料的含水量达到上述范围值， 这样就不仅增加了劳动成本， 而且 也延缓了物料发酵的速度。
本步骤中， 所述的纤维发酵菌剂优选为纳豆激酶微生物发酵菌剂， 其添加 量为每吨污泥或草炭土与果丝的混合物料中添加 0. 03-0. 05kg 的纳豆激酶微生 物发酵菌剂， 或者每吨污泥或草炭土与果丝及尿素的混合物料中添加 0. 03-0. 05kg的纳豆激酶微生物发酵菌剂。所述的纤维发酵菌剂也可采用市场上 销售的 EM发酵菌剂或 RW发酵菌剂或其它各种现有的纤维发酵菌剂， 具体添加 量可根据相应产品的使用说明书而定， EM发酵菌剂或 RW发酵菌剂的添加量一般 为每吨混合物料添加 l_2kg的发酵菌剂。
( 3 ) 堆肥发酵： 之后使添加了辅料、 喷淋过水并混合均匀的物料进行分堆 高温发酵， 发酵期间适时对各堆物料进行喷淋水和翻抛作业， 使各堆物料逐步 发酵完全。 本步骤所述的堆肥发酵过程中， 温度最好应控制在 60-75°C之间， pH值应 控制在 5. 5-8. 5之间， 并最好应控制最终发酵完全的物料的含水量 35%, 这样 有利于下一步的挤压造粒。 发酵时间的长短受温度、 翻抛、 水分含量等因素的 影响。 发酵温度应当适宜， 温度过高或过低都不利于堆肥发酵， 发酵过程中应 适当控制物料的含水量， 从而使物料能够达到快速发酵腐熟。 翻抛次数也应当 合理， 翻抛次数过多， 不但增加劳动成本， 在一定程度上也会加快物料水分的 蒸发， 从而影响堆肥发酵。
本步骤所述的堆肥发酵最好是以条垛方式对物料进行分堆发酵， 即将混合 物料堆成条垛形， 这样有利于翻抛作业。 当然， 具体实施时， 本发明的生产工 艺并不排除以槽堆方式进行堆肥发酵。
为了达到较佳的发酵效果， 本步骤所述的堆肥发酵过程最好分为两个阶段: 前一阶段 10-15天， 在此发酵期间， 每隔 2天对各堆物料喷淋水 1次， 使各堆 物料的含水量控制在 55%-70%之间， 且每天对物料进行 1-2次的翻抛作业； 后一 阶段 10-12天， 在此发酵期间， 仅进行翻抛作业， 如果物料的含水量 45%， 则 每天对物料进行 2次 （通常上午和晚上各进行 1次） 的翻抛作业， 如果物料的 含水量 45%, 则每天对物料进行 1-2次的翻抛作业。
在生产过程中， 物料的分堆堆放可根据实际生产需要， 采用下述两种方式 之一： 一种是先将切割加工好的油棕果丝分堆放置， 之后向每堆油棕果丝内添 加辅料和喷淋污水， 并结合翻抛作业使物料混合均匀的同时也堆放整齐， 之后 进行堆肥发酵工艺。 另一种方式， 可先向油棕果丝内添加各种辅料， 并喷淋污 水， 混合均匀之后， 将混合均匀的物料分堆放置， 之后进行堆肥发酵工艺。
在堆肥发酵过程中， 每天需检测堆肥温度、 水分和 pH值的变化， 当温度过 高或过低时， 可通过翻抛降温或升温， 使发酵均匀充分。 当水分过低时喷淋水， 水分过高时进行翻堆以促进水分蒸发； 当 pH值过低时加碱（如石灰）进行调节， 当 pH值过高时加酸性物料 （如过磷酸钙） 进行调节。 通过翻堆不仅可以为物料 提供足够的氧气， 加快物料好氧发酵的进程， 而且可促进物料热量散发， 此外， 还能同时带走水分， 起到降温、 调节水分和混匀物料等作用。
在堆肥发酵的前段时期， 通过多次喷淋污水， 一方面有利于菌种的快速繁 殖和加快物料的腐熟进度； 另一方面可以有效地吸附污水中的固形物质， 减少 物料的碳氮比， 提高物料的营养成分， 降低生产成本， 同时还能降低棕油厂污 水的处理成本。 (4 ) 制作有机系列肥料： 最后将步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料制成以下三种 肥料中的至少一种：
①有机肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加少量或者不 添加含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达 到有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对有机肥 料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机肥料；
②有机无机复混肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加适 量含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达到 有机无机复混肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对 有机无机复混肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机无机复混肥料；
③生物有机肥料： 在步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料中添加适量微生物菌剂， 使 物料的技术指标达到生物有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不 同品种的油棕对生物有机肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成生物有机肥 料。
本步骤通过挤压造粒制成的有机系列肥料为圆柱状颗粒， 颗粒直径在 0. 8-lOcm之间。 这样不仅有利于土壤吸收， 而且在施肥后不易因雨水冲刷等因 素而造成营养成分的流失。
由于步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料中 N、 P和 K的养分相对较低， 有时候根据 用户的需要， 需添加一定的无机养分才能满足油棕的生长发育需求。 具体添加 量应以发酵完全的物料检测值为基数， 结合油棕园不同的土壤状况和不同的油 棕品种对各种养分的需求而定。 在施肥时， 应根据油棕园不同的土壤状况和不 同品种的油棕需肥特性， 选择性地施用上述三种肥料。
二. 实施例：
实施例 1
以油棕空果串为原料， 按下述步骤制作有机系列肥料：
( 1 ) 切割： 先将油棕空果串切割成长度 3cm油棕果丝；
( 2 ) 添加辅料和喷淋水： 接着对步骤 （1 ) 加工制得的油棕果丝添加辅料 和喷淋水， 添加辅料的顺序为：
①先添加污泥或草炭土， 添加量为： 1重量份的油棕果丝添加 0. 1重量份的 污泥或草炭土；
②再添加适量的纤维发酵菌剂和尿素， 纤维发酵菌剂的添加量根据各种纤 维发酵菌剂的实际发酵处理能力而定， 尿素的添加量以能使添加后物料中的碳 氮比达到 25 : 1为宜；
在添加辅料的过程中或添加完所有辅料后， 对物料喷淋水， 使物料的含水 量达到 55%, 并使物料混合均匀；
( 3 ) 堆肥发酵： 之后使添加了辅料、 喷淋过水并混合均匀的物料进行分堆 高温发酵， 发酵期间适时对各堆物料进行喷淋水和翻抛作业， 使各堆物料逐步 发酵完全；
堆肥发酵过程中， 温度控制在 60 °C左右， pH值控制在 5. 5， 最终发酵完全 的物料的含水量 35%。
所述的堆肥发酵过程分为两个阶段： 前一阶段 10天， 在此发酵期间， 每隔 2天对各堆物料喷淋水 1次， 使各堆物料的含水量控制在 55%, 且每天对物料进 行 1-2次的翻抛作业； 后一阶段 12天， 在此发酵期间， 仅进行翻抛作业， 如果 物料的含水量 45%， 则每天对物料进行 2次的翻抛作业， 如果物料的含水量 45%, 则每天对物料进行 1-2次的翻抛作业。
( 4 ) 制作有机系列肥料： 最后将步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料制成以下三种 肥料中的至少一种：
①有机肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加少量或者不 添加含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达 到有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对有机肥 料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机肥料 （圆柱状颗粒， 颗粒直径在 0. 8-10cm之间）；
②有机无机复混肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加适 量含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达到 有机无机复混肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对 有机无机复混肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机无机复混肥料 （圆 柱状颗粒， 颗粒直径在 0. 8-10cm之间）；
③生物有机肥料： 在步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料中添加适量微生物菌剂， 使 物料的技术指标达到生物有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不 同品种的油棕对生物有机肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成生物有机肥 料 （圆柱状颗粒， 颗粒直径在 0. 8-10cm之间）。
实施例 2 以油棕空果串为原料， 按下述步骤制作有机系列肥料：
( 1 ) 切割： 先将油棕空果串切割成长度 3cm油棕果丝；
( 2 ) 添加辅料和喷淋水： 接着对步骤 （1 ) 加工制得的油棕果丝添加辅料 和喷淋水， 添加辅料的顺序为：
①先添加污泥或草炭土， 添加量为： 1重量份的油棕果丝添加 1重量份的污 泥或草炭土；
②再添加适量的纤维发酵菌剂和尿素， 纤维发酵菌剂的添加量根据各种纤 维发酵菌剂的实际发酵处理能力而定， 尿素的添加量以能使添加后物料中的碳 氮比达到 30: 1为宜；
在添加辅料的过程中或添加完所有辅料后， 对物料喷淋水， 使物料的含水 量达到 70%, 并使物料混合均匀；
( 3 ) 堆肥发酵： 之后使添加了辅料、 喷淋过水并混合均匀的物料进行分堆 高温发酵， 发酵期间适时对各堆物料进行喷淋水和翻抛作业， 使各堆物料逐步 发酵完全；
堆肥发酵过程中， 温度控制在 75°C左右， pH值控制在 8. 5， 使最终发酵完 全的物料的含水量 35%。
所述的堆肥发酵过程分为两个阶段： 前一阶段 15天， 在此发酵期间， 每隔 2天对各堆物料喷淋水 1次， 使各堆物料的含水量控制在 70%, 且每天对物料进 行 1-2次的翻抛作业； 后一阶段 10天， 在此发酵期间， 仅进行翻抛作业， 如果 物料的含水量 45%， 则每天对物料进行 2次的翻抛作业， 如果物料的含水量 45%, 则每天对物料进行 1-2次的翻抛作业。
(4 ) 制作有机系列肥料： 最后将步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料制成以下三种 肥料中的至少一种：
①有机肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加少量或者不 添加含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达 到有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对有机肥 料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机肥料 （圆柱状颗粒， 颗粒直径在 0. 8-10cm之间）；
②有机无机复混肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加适 量含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达到 有机无机复混肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对 有机无机复混肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机无机复混肥料 （圆 柱状颗粒， 颗粒直径在 0. 8-10cm之间）；
③生物有机肥料： 在步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料中添加适量微生物菌剂， 使 物料的技术指标达到生物有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不 同品种的油棕对生物有机肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成生物有机肥 料 （圆柱状颗粒， 颗粒直径在 0. 8-10cm之间）。
实施例 3
以油棕空果串为原料， 按下述步骤制作有机系列肥料：
( 1 ) 切割： 先将油棕空果串切割成长度 3cm油棕果丝；
( 2 ) 添加辅料和喷淋水： 接着对步骤 （1 ) 加工制得的油棕果丝添加辅料 和喷淋水， 添加辅料的顺序为：
①先添加污泥或草炭土， 添加量为： 1重量份的油棕果丝添加 0. 5重量份的 污泥或草炭土；
②再添加适量的纤维发酵菌剂和尿素， 纤维发酵菌剂的添加量根据各种纤 维发酵菌剂的实际发酵处理能力而定， 尿素的添加量以能使添加后物料中的碳 氮比达到 28: 1为宜；
在添加辅料的过程中或添加完所有辅料后， 对物料喷淋水， 使物料的含水 量达到 65%, 并使物料混合均匀；
( 3 ) 堆肥发酵： 之后使添加了辅料、 喷淋过水并混合均匀的物料进行分堆 高温发酵， 发酵期间适时对各堆物料进行喷淋水和翻抛作业， 使各堆物料逐步 发酵完全；
堆肥发酵过程中， 温度控制在 65°C左右， pH值控制在 6. 5， 并使最终发酵 完全的物料的含水量 30%。
所述的堆肥发酵过程分为两个阶段： 前一阶段 12天， 在此发酵期间， 每隔 2天对各堆物料喷淋水 1次， 使各堆物料的含水量控制在 65%, 且每天对物料进 行 1-2次的翻抛作业； 后一阶段 11天， 在此发酵期间， 仅进行翻抛作业， 如果 物料的含水量 45%， 则每天对物料进行 2次的翻抛作业， 如果物料的含水量 45%, 则每天对物料进行 1-2次的翻抛作业。
(4 ) 制作有机系列肥料： 最后将步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料制成以下三种 肥料中的至少一种：
①有机肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加少量或者不 添加含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达 到有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对有机肥 料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机肥料 （圆柱状颗粒， 颗粒直径在 0. 8-10cm之间）；
②有机无机复混肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加适 量含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达到 有机无机复混肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对 有机无机复混肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机无机复混肥料 （圆 柱状颗粒， 颗粒直径在 0. 8-10cm之间）；
③生物有机肥料： 在步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料中添加适量微生物菌剂， 使 物料的技术指标达到生物有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不 同品种的油棕对生物有机肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成生物有机肥 料 （圆柱状颗粒， 颗粒直径在 0. 8-10cm之间）。

Claims

1. 一种利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺， 其特征在于： 它包 括以下生产步骤：
( 1 ) 切割： 先将油棕空果串切割成油棕果丝；
( 2 ) 添加辅料和喷淋水： 接着对步骤 （1 ) 加工制得的油棕果丝添加辅料 和喷淋水， 添加辅料的顺序为：
权
①先添加污泥或草炭土， 添加量为： 1重量份的油棕果丝添加 0. 1-1重量份 的污泥或草炭土；
②再添加适量的纤维发酵菌剂和尿素， 纤维发酵菌剂的添加量根据各种纤 维发酵菌剂的实际发酵处理能力而定， 尿素的添加量以能使添加后物料中的碳 氮比达到 25: 1-30： 1为宜；
在添加辅料的过程中或添加完所有辅料后， 书对物料喷淋水， 使物料的含水 量达到 55-70%, 并使物料混合均匀；
( 3 ) 堆肥发酵： 之后使添加了辅料、 喷淋过水并混合均匀的物料进行分堆 高温发酵， 发酵期间适时对各堆物料进行喷淋水和翻抛作业， 使各堆物料逐步 发酵完全；
(4 ) 制作有机系列肥料： 最后将步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料制成以下三种 肥料中的至少一种：
①有机肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加少量或者不 添加含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达 到有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对有机肥 料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机肥料；
②有机无机复混肥料： 根据步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料的检测数据， 添加适 量含 N和 /或 P和 /或 K和 /或 Ca和 /或 Mg的无机物料， 使物料的技术指标达到 有机无机复混肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不同品种的油棕对 有机无机复混肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成有机无机复混肥料；
③生物有机肥料： 在步骤 （3 ) 发酵完全的物料中添加适量微生物菌剂， 使 物料的技术指标达到生物有机肥料的国家标准或达到各油棕种植园的土壤及不 同品种的油棕对生物有机肥料养分的需求， 之后通过挤压造粒制成生物有机肥
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺， 其特征在于： 步骤 （1 ) 切割获得的油棕果丝的长度应 3cm。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺， 其特征在于： 步骤 （4) 通过挤压造粒制成的有机系列肥料为圆柱状颗粒， 颗粒 直径在 0. 8-10cm之间。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺， 其特征在于： 步骤 （2 ) 所述的污泥为富含有机质且重金属含量不超标的污泥。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺， 其特征在于： 步骤 （2) 所述的污泥为棕油厂生产加工过程中产生的污泥， 步骤
(2 ) 和步骤 （3 ) 中用来对物料喷淋的水为棕油厂生产加工过程中产生的污水。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺， 其特征在于： 步骤 （2) 所述的纤维发酵菌剂为纳豆激酶微生物发酵菌剂， 其添 加量为每吨污泥或草炭土与果丝的混合物料中添加 0. 03-0. 05kg 的纳豆激酶微 生物发酵菌剂， 或者每吨污泥或草炭土与果丝及尿素的混合物料中添加 0. 03-0. 05kg的纳豆激酶微生物发酵菌剂。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺， 其特征在于： 在步骤（3 )所述的堆肥发酵过程中， 温度应控制在 60-75°C之间， pH值应控制在 5. 5-8. 5之间， 并应控制最终发酵完全的物料的含水量 35%。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的生产工艺， 其特征在于： 步骤 （3 ) 所述的堆肥发酵是以条垛方式对物料进行分堆发酵。
9. 根据权利要求 1-8中任一项所述的利用油棕空果串制作有机系列肥料的 生产工艺， 其特征在于： 步骤 （3 ) 所述的堆肥发酵过程分为两个阶段： 前一阶 段 10-15天， 在此发酵期间， 每隔 2天对各堆物料喷淋水 1次， 使各堆物料的 含水量控制在 55%-70%之间， 且每天对物料进行 1-2 次的翻抛作业； 后一阶段 10-12天， 在此发酵期间， 仅进行翻抛作业， 如果物料的含水量 45%， 则每天 对物料进行 2次的翻抛作业， 如果物料的含水量 45%, 则每天对物料进行 1-2 次的翻抛作业。
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