WO2011154635A2

WO2011154635A2 - Air conditioning system

Info

Publication number: WO2011154635A2
Application number: PCT/FR2011/051182
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean Noël BEUTOT
Original assignee: Ther Eco
Priority date: 2010-06-09
Filing date: 2011-05-25
Publication date: 2011-12-15
Also published as: WO2011154635A3; FR2961293A1; FR2961293B1

Abstract

The invention relates to an air conditioning system for a building, comprising a first duct (12) that guides the fluid from the outside to the inside, a second duct (14) that guides the fluid from the inside to the outside, at least one first evaporator/condenser device (22) comprising a first part (22a) and a second part (22b) that can operate respectively and alternately in condenser mode and in evaporator mode with a view to modifying the temperature of the fluid. The system comprises a rotary exchanger (20), the first part (22a) being positioned downstream of the rotary exchanger (20) in the first duct (12), and the second part (22b) being positioned downstream of the rotary exchanger (20) and in the second duct (14). In the heating mode of operation the incoming fluid is heated in the first duct (12) and blown toward the inside of the building, and is then extracted and discharged to the outside, the second part (22b) being in evaporator mode to extract heat energy from the extracted fluid and transmit it to the first part (22a), and said first part (22a) being in condenser mode in order to heat the incoming fluid in the first duct (12).

Description

Air conditioning system

The present invention relates to air conditioning systems for ventilation installations in a building.

More particularly, it relates to an air conditioning system intended to be arranged in a building and comprising a flow circuit of a fluid between the outside and inside of the building comprising a first conduit guiding the fluid since the exterior to the interior of the building, a second conduit guiding the fluid from the interior to the exterior of the building, and a set of flaps movable between an open and closed position to modify the flow path of the fluid, at least one first evapo-condenser device comprising a first portion and a second portion respectively operable and alternatively, in condenser mode and evaporator mode and for changing the temperature of the fluid flowing in the flow circuit.

It is known from the prior art air conditioning systems of the type described above, adapted to heat or cool the interior of a building, through reversible evapo-condenser devices that act on the air temperature insufflated with the recovery or rejection of calories on the outside air. The evapo-condenser devices comprise an evaporator and a condenser. In the prior art the evaporator is put directly in contact with the outside air in order to capture the calories. However, as the temperature of the outside air is low, it is necessary to have an evaporator large enough to capture enough heat, otherwise the device recovers few calories.

The object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages and to provide an air conditioning system for improving the energy performance compared to the systems of the prior art.

For this purpose the conditioning system as described above is characterized in that it further comprises a double flow ventilation, comprising a rotary exchanger, the first part of the first evapo-condenser device being disposed downstream of a rotary exchanger and in the first duct, and the second portion being disposed downstream of the rotary exchanger and in the second duct, the system having at least one so-called heating operating mode in which the flow of the fluid in the flow circuit is such that the fluid entering the flow circuit is heated in the first duct, then blown into the building interior, and then extracted and discharged outside the building via the second duct, in which the second part of the first duct Evapo-condenser device is in evaporator mode to extract heat from the extracted fluid in the second conduit and transmit it to the first part of the evaporator device, said first part being in condenser mode to heat the fluid entering the first conduit.

Thanks to these provisions, the heat capture by the evapo-condenser device is performed on the extracted air having a temperature above the temperature of the outside air. Indeed the air extracted from the room, after passing through the rotary exchanger, which has a temperature greater than that of the outside air through the second part of the evapo-condenser device, which can recover some of its calories, and transfer them to the first part of the evapo-condenser device. The system according to the invention then has an improved efficiency, that is to say a better COP (coefficient of performance).

Moreover, thanks to this solution, it is no longer necessary to set up a fan for mixing the outside air near the part of the evapo-condenser device of the prior art which recovered the calories on the air. outside. This results in a reduction of the power absorbed for its operation and a reduction in the size of the machine.

According to other characteristics:

the system further comprises a so-called defrosting mode of operation, in which the first part and the second part of the first evapo-condenser device reverse their operating mode so that the part in evaporator mode goes into condenser mode, and in which the positions of the flaps are modified so as to create a second flow circuit of the fluid, in which the fluid extracted from the room is exclusively oriented towards the interior of the building to minimize temperature changes.

the system further comprises a second evaporator device comprising a first portion disposed in the first duct downstream of the rotary exchanger, and a second portion disposed in the second duct, the first portion and the second portion of the second evaporation device. condenser respectively operable and alternatively, in condenser mode and evaporator mode and for changing the temperature of the fluid flowing in the circuit.

the second and the first evapo-condenser devices are alternately defrosted when the system is in defrosting mode so that, during the defrosting of one of the first and second evapo-condenser devices, the extracted fluid is blown at the interior of the building is substantially maintained in temperature by the other of the first and second evaporator-condensers device.

- The system further comprises four flaps are arranged in the flow circuit in the following manner: a first flap is disposed in the first duct, a second flap disposed in the second duct of the circuit, a third and a fourth flaps allow to connecting the first and second ducts, the third flap is disposed downstream of the first flap and upstream of the first parts of the evapo-condenser devices with respect to the circulation of the fluid in the first duct, and upstream of the second flap, relative to the circulation of the fluid in the second duct, the fourth flap is disposed upstream of the first flap with respect to the circulation of the fluid in the first duct, and upstream of the second portion of the first evapo-condenser device, and downstream of the second flap, with respect to the circulation of the fluid in the second duct.

The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, made on the basis of the accompanying drawings in which :

FIG. 1 represents a detailed view of the system according to the invention, FIG. 2 represents a schematic view of the system in heating mode,

FIG. 3 represents a schematic view of the system in defrost mode of a first evapo-condenser,

FIG. 4 represents a schematic view of the system in defrost mode of a second evaporator-condenser.

The present invention relates to a system 10 for air conditioning for tertiary buildings, collective dwellings, or industrial buildings classified "BBC" (low energy building) or other, that is to say a building whose consumption energy required for heating is improved compared to standard dwellings.

The packaging system 10 according to the invention proposes a heating and air-conditioning installation whose energy consumption for its maintenance is improved compared to the existing systems, thus enabling it to have a more efficient energy balance, thanks to the use of the extracted air which will be described in more detail in the following description.

Figure 1 illustrates a side view of the air conditioning system 10 according to the invention disposed within a building. The system 10 comprises two conduits 12, 14 arranged substantially parallel, and forming a fluid flow circuit, in this case air. Each duct 12, 14 extends between an outer end 12a, 14a opening on the outside of the building and an inner end 12b, 14b opening inside the building. It is thus possible to create an air circuit in which the air circulates as follows: the fresh air AN enters the first duct 12 by the outer end 12a, then the air is blown AS to the interior of the building, after being treated in heating or cooling, then the exhaust air, used in the room, is extracted AE thereof by the second duct 14, circulating from the inner end 14b towards the end 14a outside, where it is rejected AR outside the building.

The system 10 comprises, in each duct 12, 14, a fan 16, 18 adapted to blow the air in a determined direction. A rotary exchanger 20 is disposed transversely to the two ducts 12, 14 so as to allow the exchange of heat between them. Thanks to the rotary exchanger 20, it is possible to recover the heat or freshness contained in the air evacuated from the building, and to supply it to the incoming air. It avoids wasting energy for heating or cooling.

The rotary exchanger 20 comprises a wheel made of a material storing and diffusing the heat. The wheel rotates between the two ducts 12, 14 of the ventilation circuit. When the hot air extracted from the room passes through a wheel sector, it transfers its thermal energy. After rotation, the same sector is crossed by new cold air that recovers stored energy. It is thus possible to heat the fresh air that will be blown inside the building, in heating mode in winter.

The rotary exchanger 20 may also allow cooling of the air, when the conditioning system 10 is programmed to cool the interior of the building. In cooling mode, the rotary heat exchanger works in reverse.

The operation of a rotary exchanger 20 is known to those skilled in the art, and for reasons of simplification, it is shown schematically by a simple rectangle in the accompanying figures.

The conditioning system 10 further comprises, according to a first embodiment, a set of flaps V1, V2, V3, V4, an evapo-condenser device 22 and a compressor 23 associated with a refrigeration circuit not shown, and forming a thermodynamic assembly, or heat pump, known to those skilled in the art. The evaporator device 22 comprises a first part 22a operating in one of the condenser mode or the evaporator mode and a second part 22b operating in the other mode among the condenser mode and the evaporator mode. The first part 22a of the first device 22 is disposed in the first conduit 12, in which the fluid, which is fresh air, is oriented from the outside to the inside of the building, downstream of the rotary exchanger and the second part 22b is situated downstream of the rotary exchanger in the second conduit 14, in which the fluid, forming the extracted air, is oriented from the inside to the outside of the building,

When the conditioning system is set to heat the interior of the building, the first portion 22a of the first device 22 is in condenser mode, in which it restores heat to the air passing through the first duct 12 and surrounding the first portion. 22a. The second part 22b is then in evaporator mode, and is arranged in the second duct 14, in which circulates the air extracted by the fan 18. The second part 22b takes calories from the extracted air that comes into contact with it. The extracted air that comes from inside the building and which has passed through the wheel 20 is then hotter than the outside air. The second part 22b recovers the calories from the extracted air, and the recovered energy is then transmitted to the first part 22a in condenser mode.

Thanks to these provisions, the energy performance of the conditioning system is improved over existing systems, since the second part 22b of the first device 22 forming evapo-capacitor is in contact with an extract air AE at a temperature higher than the temperature of outside air and can thus capture more heat than an evaporator in contact with the outside air.

When the second part 22b is in evaporator mode, a layer of frost may appear on said part 22b after having worked for a certain time. However, thanks to the present invention, the evaporator 22b frost less often because the extracted air which feeds it is hotter than the outside air. When frost appears, it is then necessary to perform a defrost to maintain the device 22 evapo-condenser and avoid overconsumption of energy to fulfill its function. The defrosting step will be described in more detail later.

When the conditioning system 10 is set to cool the interior of the building, the first portion 22a is in evaporator mode and the second portion 22b is in condenser mode. The fresh air arriving at the first part is at a substantially higher temperature and the first part takes calories from this fresh air and transfers the energy to the second part 22b. In operation conditioning, no frost appears on the first part 22a. According to a preferred embodiment, illustrated in the figures, the conditioning system 10 comprises two heat pumps consisting in particular of two evapo-condenser devices 22, 24 and two compressors 23, 25 associated, so that when one of the two devices 22, 24 is in defrost mode, the other can transmit air at the desired temperature to the interior of the building. Thanks to these provisions, it is possible to limit the intake of too cold air when it is desired to heat the interior of the building.

In the illustrated embodiment, the first portion 24a of the second device is disposed in the first conduit 12 downstream of the rotary exchanger 20 and the second portion 24b is disposed on the outside air, as is known for heat of the prior art.

In the illustrated embodiment, the system 10 comprises four flaps V1, V2, V3, V4 forming a device for regulating the passage of air in the circuit formed by the two ducts 12, 14. The flaps V1, V2, V3 , V4 are arranged in the following manner: a first flap V1 is disposed in the first duct 12, a second flap V2 is disposed in the second duct 14 of the circuit, a third V3 and a fourth flap V4 make it possible to connect the first flap and the second conduit 14.

The third flap V3 is disposed downstream of the first flap V1 and upstream of the first parts 22a, 24a of the evaporator-cooled devices 22, 24 with respect to the circulation of the fluid in the first duct 12, and upstream of the second flap V2. relative to the circulation of the fluid in the second duct 14. The fourth flap V4 is disposed upstream of the first flap V1 with respect to the flow of fluid in the first duct 12, and upstream of the second portion 22b of the first device 22 evaporator, and downstream of the second flap V2, with respect to the circulation of the fluid in the second duct 14.

The air conditioning system 10 according to the invention operates as follows.

When the system 10 is to heat the interior of the building, for example when the outside temperature is low or negative, the first parts 22a, 24a of the devices 22, 24, the evapo-condensers, disposed in the first duct 12 are in condenser mode, as can be seen in Figure 2 attached. Fresh air enters the first duct 12, is preheated by passing through the rotary exchanger 20, then is brought to the desired temperature via the two condensers, before being blown inside the building.

Simultaneously, in the second duct 14, air from the interior of the building is extracted so as to ensure a renewal and thus the quality of the air inside the building. The extracted air circulates in the second duct 14, through the appropriate fan 18, passes through the rotary exchanger 20 so as to transmit a portion of its calories to the incoming air. Then it passes through the evaporator 22b before being rejected outside the building. As the air passes through the evaporator, the evaporator 22b draws a quantity of energy, as previously described for the first embodiment, and the stored energy is then sent to the condenser 22a to heat the incoming air.

As indicated for the first embodiment, the extracted air being at a temperature always higher than the outside temperature, the stored energy will always be greater than on the outside air. Thus, the recovery of the extracted air makes it possible to reduce the consumption of energy necessary for reheating the supply air.

In this "heating" operating mode, the flaps are controlled in the following manner: the first and second flaps V1, V2 are open, and the third and fourth flaps V3, V4 are closed so as to create a circuit delimited by the two ducts 12, 14.

When operating in "heating" mode, frost may appear on the evaporators at low outside temperatures. It is therefore necessary to provide a periodic defrosting phase, that is to say to eliminate the accumulation of frost, by changing the operating mode of the system 10, and to control it in defrost mode.

The purpose of this mode is to defrost the evaporators. This mode will be activated relative to the outdoor temperature for a relatively short time. The defrosting of the evaporators is carried out in an alternative manner, so that at least one evaporation-condenser device 22, 24 can heat the air blown inside the building, avoiding the intake of cold air, which would cause discomfort for the users of the room.

Figures 3 and 4 respectively show schematic views of the system 10 in defrost mode of the first and second evaporator, after the system 10 has been in heating mode, illustrated in Figure 2.

In Figure 2, the second portion 22b of the first device 22 is in evaporator mode. It must therefore defrost if necessary.

For this, as shown in FIG. 3, the second part 22b of the first evapo-condenser device 22 is brought into the condenser mode. Therefore the first part 22a of the first device 22 is brought into evaporator mode. In order to quickly defrost the second portion 22b of the first device 22, it is necessary to eliminate the flow of air arriving thereon. The fan 18 disposed in the second conduit 14 is thus stopped. The fourth flap V4 is therefore in the closed position.

The third flap V3 is thus open to allow the passage of the extracted air to the first duct 12, from which it will be blown towards the interior of the building.

The first and second flaps V1, V2 are in the closed position so as to prevent the cold outside air from being blown inside the building, and so as to prevent the extracted air from being rejected outside the building. building.

After defrosting the first evapo-condenser device 22, the first part 22a again functions as a condenser and the second part 22b operates again as an evaporator.

Simultaneously with the defrosting step of the second part 22b of the first device 22, the operating mode of the second evapo-condenser device 24 is not modified so as to heat the incoming or recycled air, via the first part 24a of the second device 24.

When the defrosting step of the first device 22 is complete, the defrosting step of the second device 24 evapo-condenser can then begin. During this step, the system 10 functions as can be seen in FIG. 4. The first part 24a of the second device 24 evapo- condenser is put in evaporator mode, and the second part 24b to defrost, goes from the evaporator mode to the condenser mode.

As previously indicated during the defrosting step of the first device 22, the air extracted from the interior of the building is recycled in the first duct 12 and then blown inside the building. For this purpose the third flap V3 is in the open position.

The first and second flaps V1, V2 are in the closed position so that the cold outside air can not be blown inside the building. Indeed in defrost mode, the first portion 24a of the second device 24 is in evaporator mode and cools the air passing through and the first portion 22a of the first device 22 heats the air passing therethrough. The first two parts 22a, 24a being adjacent, in the first duct 12, it is possible to pass the air extracted from the inside, and to prevent the outside air to circulate, because the latter would cool inside the building.

The fourth flap V4 is in the open position to supply with fresh air, the evaporator 24b with the fan 18 to allow the transfer of calories on the first portion 22a to avoid creating discomfort in the room.

The defrosting steps of the first and second evaporator devices 22, 24 are performed one after the other, as a function of the icing time recorded.

According to an alternative embodiment, the packaging system 10 comprises control means, or a PLC, adapted to manage and control the operation of the system 10. The control means act on the opening and closing of the flaps, and on the operating mode of the devices 22, 24 evapo-condenser.

Claims

claims

Air conditioning system intended to be arranged in a building and comprising:

a fluid flow circuit between the exterior and the interior of the building comprising a first duct (12) guiding the fluid from the outside to the inside of the building, a second duct (14) guiding the fluid from the inside to the outside of the building, and a set of flaps (V1, V2, V3, V4) movable between an open and closed position to modify the fluid flow circuit,

at least one first evapo-condenser device (22) comprising a first portion (22a) and a second portion (22b) operable respectively and alternatively in condenser and evaporator mode and for modifying the fluid temperature; flowing in the flow circuit, characterized in that it further comprises

a double flow ventilation, comprising a rotary exchanger (20), the first part (22a) of the first evapo-condenser device (22) being arranged downstream of a rotary exchanger (20) and in the first duct (12), and the second portion (22b) being disposed downstream of the rotary exchanger (20) and in the second duct (14),

the system (10) having at least one so-called heating operating mode in which the flow of fluid in the flow circuit is such that the fluid entering the flow circuit is heated in the first conduit (12), then blown to the interior of the building, then extracted and discharged outside the building through the second conduit (14), wherein the second portion (22b) of the first evaporator-condenser device is in evaporator mode to extract calories of the extracted fluid in the second conduit and transmit them to the first portion (22a) of the evapo-condenser device, said first portion (22a) being in condenser mode for heating the fluid entering the first conduit (12). Air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that it furthermore has a deicing operation mode, in which the first part (22a) and the second part (22b) of the first device (22) evapo -condenser invert their operating mode so that the part (22a, 22b) in evaporator mode goes into condenser mode, and in which the positions of the flaps (V1, V2, V3, V4) are modified so as to create a second circuit of fluid flow, in which the fluid extracted from the workpiece is oriented exclusively towards the interior of the building in order to minimize the temperature changes therein.

An air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims further comprising a second evaporator device (24) comprising a first portion (24a) disposed in the first conduit (12) downstream of the rotary exchanger (20) , and a second portion (24b) disposed in the second conduit, the first portion and the second portion of the second evaporator device (24) operable respectively and alternatively, in condenser and evaporator mode and for modifying the temperature of the fluid flowing in the circuit.

Air conditioning system according to claims 2 and 3, wherein the second (24) and the first (22) evaporator devices are alternately defrosted when the system (10) is in defrost mode so that when defrosting one of the first and second evapo-condenser devices (24), the extracted fluid blown inside the building is substantially maintained in temperature by the other of the first and second evapo devices (24) -condenseurs.

Air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the four flaps (V1, V2, V3, V4) are arranged in the flow circuit as follows: a first flap (V1) is disposed in the first duct (12),

a second flap (V2) disposed in the second duct (14) of the circuit,

- A third and a fourth (V3, V4) flaps are used to connect the first and the second duct (12, 14).

Air conditioning system according to the preceding claim, wherein the third flap (V3) is disposed downstream of the first flap (V1) and upstream of the first parts (22a, 24a) of the evapo-condenser devices (22, 24). relative to the flow of fluid in the first conduit (12), and upstream of the second flap (V2), with respect to the flow of fluid in the second conduit (14).

Air conditioning system according to one of claims 5 and 6, wherein the fourth flap (V4) is disposed upstream of the first flap (V1) with respect to the flow of fluid in the first duct (12), and upstream of the second portion (22b) of the first evapo-condenser device (22), and downstream of the second flap (V2), with respect to the circulation of the fluid in the second duct (14).