WO2011150830A1 - 获取内容的方法、节点及内容网络 - Google Patents

获取内容的方法、节点及内容网络 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011150830A1
WO2011150830A1 PCT/CN2011/075010 CN2011075010W WO2011150830A1 WO 2011150830 A1 WO2011150830 A1 WO 2011150830A1 CN 2011075010 W CN2011075010 W CN 2011075010W WO 2011150830 A1 WO2011150830 A1 WO 2011150830A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
content
identifier
node
policy
dht
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PCT/CN2011/075010
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
施广宇
王国强
谢海勇
范灵源
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to RU2012142685/08A priority Critical patent/RU2012142685A/ru
Priority to EP11789209A priority patent/EP2530899A4/en
Priority to BR112012025083A priority patent/BR112012025083A2/pt
Publication of WO2011150830A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011150830A1/zh
Priority to US13/652,830 priority patent/US20130041982A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1061Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
    • H04L67/1065Discovery involving distributed pre-established resource-based relationships among peers, e.g. based on distributed hash tables [DHT] 
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/61Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H04L65/612Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for unicast
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1087Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using cross-functional networking aspects
    • H04L67/1089Hierarchical topologies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method, a node, and a content network for acquiring content. Background technique
  • the prior art Internet is a host-based architecture in which any computer connected to the Internet is referred to as a host, and each host has a unique IP (Internet Protocol) address.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method, a node, and a content network for acquiring content.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for obtaining content, where the method includes:
  • Receiving a content request the content request including at least an identifier of the content to be requested;
  • the name resolution system includes a multi-level distributed hash table DHT and a global content parsing structure, and the global content parsing structure supports name aggregation and longest match search.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a node for acquiring content, where the node includes:
  • a content proxy module configured to receive a content request, where the content request includes at least an identifier of the content to be requested; determining whether the content corresponding to the identifier is obtainable locally; if yes, acquiring the content corresponding to the identifier locally; Transmitting the content request to the content acquisition module;
  • a content obtaining module configured to receive the content request sent by the content proxy module, obtain a target node that stores the content corresponding to the identifier according to the identifier search name resolution system, and obtain the identifier corresponding to the identifier from the target node.
  • the name resolution system includes a multi-level distributed hash table DHT and a global content parsing structure, and the global content parsing structure supports name aggregation and longest match search.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a content network, where the network includes a node for acquiring content and a transmission network:
  • the node that obtains the content is configured to receive a content request, where the content request includes at least an identifier of the content to be requested, and determine whether the content corresponding to the identifier is locally obtainable, and if yes, obtain the corresponding identifier of the identifier locally. If the identifier is found, the name resolution system is configured to obtain the target node that stores the content corresponding to the identifier, and the content corresponding to the identifier is obtained from the target node; and the identifier is corresponding to the identifier through the transport network.
  • the content is sent to the client;
  • the name resolution system includes a multi-level distributed hash table DHT and a global content parsing structure, and the global content parsing structure supports name aggregation and longest match search.
  • the content is not stored in a specific node.
  • the client When the client acquires a certain content, the client does not acquire the specific content, but searches the content locally; if there is no local content.
  • the content is found in the DHT, and the content storage location list corresponding to the content identifier is obtained, and the corresponding target node is obtained in the content storage location list to obtain the content.
  • the method described in the embodiment of the present invention avoids network congestion caused when many clients acquire a certain content at the same time; at the same time, the content distribution efficiency is improved; thereby reducing the investment cost caused by upgrading the network device. Waste; avoids network flaws caused by hackers sending large amounts of content requests to the same node, improving network security.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a node distribution structure in a content network according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for acquiring content according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining content according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for acquiring a policy according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a content network having all functions provided in Embodiments 3, 4, and 5 of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a content proxy module according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a content acquisition module according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first name resolution unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a second name resolution unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a content routing unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. detailed description
  • the embodiment of the present invention constructs a network architecture for content awareness, storage, routing, and distribution services, which is called C0NA (Content-Oriented Network Architecture).
  • C0NA Content-Oriented Network Architecture
  • the node on the network architecture is called a C0NA node.
  • a distributed structure of nodes in a content network wherein, a plurality of nodes constitute an AS (Autonomous System); each AS has a multi-level DHT (Distributed Hash Table), and each The DHTs correspond to different levels of basic network facilities, such as DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) device layer, Ethernet switch layer and edge routing layer.
  • AS Autonomous System
  • DHT Distributed Hash Table
  • the nodes corresponding to each level of DHT constitute at least one cooperation area; one cooperation area means that storage resources in one area can work together to form a larger logical storage resource; each cooperation area includes several nodes, which have DHT
  • the node of the index storage function is an index node, and each collaboration area has at least one index node, and the DHT storing the cooperation area is distributed on the index node to form a complete DHT, and the DHT of the collaboration area includes the collaboration area and
  • the next-level DHT corresponds to the analysis record corresponding to the storage contents of all nodes in the collaboration area, including the content name and the location list of the node where the content is located, metadata, signature, and TTL (Time To Live);
  • a global content parsing structure which can be CREX (Content Resolution Exchange Point , Content Resolution Exchange Point)
  • One of the tree or global DHT the resolution record in the CREX tree or the global DHT aggregates the same content, and the CREX tree or the global DHT is stored in the global name resolution no
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for acquiring content. Referring to FIG. 2, the method includes:
  • 201 Receive a content request, where the content request includes at least an identifier of the content to be requested;
  • step 202 Determine whether the content corresponding to the identifier can be obtained locally, if yes, go to step 203, otherwise, go to step 204;
  • the name resolution system includes a multi-level DHT and a global content parsing structure, and the global content parsing structure supports name aggregation and longest match search.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention is not stored in a specific node.
  • the client acquires a certain content, it does not acquire to a specific node, but searches for the content in the local cache; if local If the content is not in the cache, the content storage location list corresponding to the content identifier is found in the DHT, and the corresponding target node is obtained in the content storage location list to obtain the content.
  • the method described in the embodiment of the present invention avoids network congestion caused when many clients acquire a certain content at the same time; at the same time, the content distribution efficiency is improved; thereby reducing the investment cost caused by upgrading the network device. Waste; avoids network flaws caused by hackers sending large amounts of content requests to the same node, improving network security.
  • Embodiment 2 avoids network flaws caused by hackers sending large amounts of content requests to the same node, improving network security.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for acquiring content. Referring to FIG. 3, the method is specifically as follows:
  • the node receives a content request from a user client or other node, and the content request includes at least an identifier of the content that needs to be obtained, and the identifier may be a name, a logo, a code number, and the like of the content.
  • the node is a node in the C0NA, that is, a C0NA node, and the identifier in the request content is described by taking the name of the content as an example, but is not limited thereto.
  • step 302 Determine whether the content corresponding to the name can be obtained locally, if yes, go to step 303, otherwise, go to step 304;
  • step 307 The content corresponding to the name is obtained locally, and step 307 is performed; After receiving the content request, the node obtains the name of the content from the content request, and determines whether the content corresponding to the name is stored in the local cache, that is, whether the content corresponding to the name exists in the cache of the local node according to the name; If yes, the content corresponding to the name is obtained from the cache of the node;
  • the content information table that is being acquired includes the name of the content that the node is acquiring. If the subsequent content request is a repeated request for the same content, the name of the content can be found in the content information table that is being acquired, then Waiting for the previous request to return the content and responding together without having to repeatedly retrieve the content.
  • DDoS Dynamic Denial of Service
  • instant Crowd Flash Crowd
  • the storage of content by this node is divided into permanent storage and cache.
  • the cache of this node can be divided into local cache and collaborative cache.
  • Local caching and collaboration caching are scheduled by a local caching policy derived from a collaborative caching global policy combined with local information.
  • the collaborative cache is to organize the storage capacity of each node in the collaboration area to construct a mutual help distributed cache system to improve the cache hit rate and content distribution efficiency of the entire collaboration area.
  • the name resolution system includes a multi-level DHT and a global content parsing structure, and the global content parsing structure supports name aggregation and longest match search.
  • the current DHT it is found whether there is a parsing record corresponding to the name, wherein the initial state of the current DHT is the local DHT where the node is located, and the subsequent state is the DHT currently being searched. If the parsing record corresponding to the name exists in the current DHT, obtain a content storage location list in the parsing record corresponding to the name, and return a result of the name query, where the result includes a content storage location list corresponding to the name, and may also include data. Signature and other information.
  • the content storage location list may include one or more location information of the content corresponding to the name;
  • the name is searched for in the upper-level DHT in the AS, if the name exists in the upper-level DHT. , the result of the name query is returned, if it does not exist, the DHT search is continued to the next level until the content storage location list in the parsing record corresponding to the name is obtained; at this time, the found content storage location is the content storage location list.
  • the content is in the AS, step 305 is performed;
  • the resolution record corresponding to the name does not exist in the current DHT, and the current DHT is the highest level DHT in the AS, And searching for the AS to which the content corresponding to the identifier belongs from the global content parsing structure, that is, searching for the AS to which the content corresponding to the name belongs in the global content parsing structure, and if not, returning the search failure; if yes, acquiring The AS to which the content corresponding to the name belongs, including the AS ID (identity number), can also obtain the gateway node ID of the AS to which the content belongs. At this time, the found content storage location is the AS to which the content belongs, and the content If it is not in this AS, go to step 306.
  • the content storage location list in the parsing record corresponding to the name is found, and the current TE-SS is acquired (Traffic Engineering-Server Select, traffic engineering-server selection)
  • the policy the target node is selected from the content storage location list according to the current TE-SS policy, and the content corresponding to the name is obtained from the target node according to the current TE-SS policy, and step 307 is performed;
  • the target node and the transmission demand ratio of each target node are selected in the content storage location list, and then dynamically selected according to the TE policy in the current TE-SS policy.
  • the target node obtains the transmission path of the content.
  • the current TE-SS policy is obtained in advance according to user behavior information and dynamic changes of network traffic. This is specifically illustrated in steps 501-505 of Figure 5.
  • step 306 For the case where the content is not in the AS, the content corresponding to the name is obtained from the target node in the AS to which the content corresponding to the name belongs, and step 307 is performed;
  • the content request is forwarded to the AS according to the AS ID of the content corresponding to the name, and the content request may be forwarded to the gateway node of the AS according to the gateway node ID of the AS; and then the target node in the current AS is used by the gateway node.
  • the gateway node After obtaining the content corresponding to the name, obtain the content corresponding to the name directly from the gateway node. If the gateway node does not get the content, then the search fails. If there are multiple gateway nodes in the AS to which the content corresponding to the name belongs, multiple gateway nodes may be selected according to the routing policy to forward the content request to them concurrently.
  • the cross-level name query may directly initiate a search by the node currently processing the request, or may initiate a search through the gateway node.
  • step 304 to the step 306 two methods for finding the target node storing the content corresponding to the name in the name resolution system according to the name and obtaining the content corresponding to the name from the target node are respectively described.
  • One of them is the case where the content to be searched is in the AS, and the other is that the content to be searched is not in the AS and needs to be searched in other AS domains.
  • the most preferred way is to search in the AS according to the identifier. If it is not found, look it up in other ASs. You can also search directly in the AS or directly in all ASs through the name resolution system.
  • the C0NA can be directly transmitted by using Ethernet, and optimized for the characteristics of the Ethernet to solve the scalability problem, so that the C0NA has the highest efficiency for the network.
  • the topology sensing and the transmission path of the bearer network are also controlled, such as BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol)
  • BGP Border Gateway Protocol
  • IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol
  • the local cache resource and the collaborative cache resource are scheduled, including allocating space of the local cache and the collaborative cache, selecting a place where the content copy is placed, and replacing the copy.
  • the content copy refers to the content stored in the cache after the node obtains the required content according to the user client request.
  • the obtaining of the local cache policy includes: obtaining a collaborative cache global policy and local information; generating a local cache policy according to the current collaborative cache global policy combined with the local information.
  • the current collaborative cache global policy is previously obtained by C0NA based on at least one of user behavior information and dynamic changes in network traffic. This is specifically explained in steps 501-503 and 506-507 in Figure 5.
  • 401 Receive a registration request, where the registration request includes at least an identifier of the content and location information of the content, where the node receives the registration request, and the registration request may be from a user client or a node: when the user actively uploads a content , the user's client will issue a registration request to a node; when the user obtains a content through a node, the node will issue a registration request.
  • the identifier in the registration request may be a name, a logo, a code number, and the like of the content.
  • the identifier of the content is described by taking the name of the content as an example, but is not limited thereto.
  • the registration request can also include information such as data signatures.
  • the location information of the content may be the location information of the node, such as the node ID.
  • the location information of the content may be the location of the collaboration area to which the content belongs.
  • the location information of the content may be the gateway ID that needs to pass when the content is obtained or the AS ID to which the content belongs.
  • the initial state of the current DHT is the local DHT where the node is located, that is, the DHT of the collaboration area where the node is located, and the subsequent state is the DHT currently being registered.
  • the DHT of the local collaboration area it is searched whether there is a parsing record corresponding to the name of the content; if there is a parsing record corresponding to the name in the DHT of the collaboration area where the node is located, the content storage location list in the parsing record is updated. , the location information of the node is updated to the content storage location list in the parsing record, and the registration is completed;
  • the parsing record corresponding to the content name is added, that is, the name of the content and the location information of the node are added to the DHT, and 403 is executed.
  • the parsing record includes the name and a corresponding content storage location list, and may also include information such as a data signature.
  • step 403 Determine whether the current DHT is the highest level DHT in the AS, if not, execute step 404; otherwise, perform step 405;
  • the content storage location list in the parsing record is updated, and the location information of the collaboration area where the node that sent the registration request is located is updated to the content storage location list in the parsing record. In, registration is completed;
  • the parsing record of the content is added, and the location information of the collaboration area where the name and the node sending the registration request are located is added to the upper-level DHT, and 403 is repeatedly executed;
  • the node that sends the registration request in this step is the node described in 402.
  • the content storage location list in the parsing record is updated, and the location information of the AS where the node that requests the registration request is sent or the gateway ID that needs to be passed when the content is obtained is updated. To the list of content storage locations in the parsing record, the registration is completed;
  • the parsing record of the content is added, and the name and the location information of the AS where the node that sent the registration request is located or the gateway ID that needs to pass when the content is obtained is added to the global content parsing structure.
  • a structured namespace is used in the global content parsing structure, and has an aggregation characteristic.
  • the names of a batch of content have the same prefix and are published in the same area (such as the same AS)
  • only the name prefix needs to be published in the global content parsing structure - the record is OK.
  • the content " www. huawei. com/pic/pl. jpg,,, , "www. huawei. com/pic/pn. jpg " has the same prefix "www. huawei. com/pic/ ", and saves ⁇ Under the same AS, it can be aggregated into a solution named "ww. huawei.
  • the global content parsing structure in the global content resolution structure. Analysis of records. Aggregation features greatly increase the scalability of the global content parsing structure. At the same time, the global content parsing structure also supports the longest match lookup. For example, in the global content resolution structure, there are two parsing records from different ASs, respectively, "www. huawei. com/" and "www. huawei.com/pic/", then the content "www. huawei. com/pic /pl. jpg" When you are in the corner army, you will find 1 J "www. huawei. com/pic/,,.
  • the location information may be the node ID of the content, the collaboration area ID to which the content belongs, or the gateway ID that needs to be passed when the content is acquired;
  • the location information may be the node ID of the content, the gateway ID that needs to pass when the content is obtained, or the AS ID to which the content belongs.
  • the global navigation device in the C0NA network can derive the TE-SS policy and the collaborative cache global policy of each domain according to the user behavior information and the dynamic change of the network traffic, and push the policy to each node in the domain, and apply to each node.
  • the content routing and copy replacement thereby achieving the goal of optimal network traffic and efficient distribution of content.
  • the global navigation device can be on a node or a separate device. Referring to Figure 5, the specific steps for obtaining the TE-SS policy and the collaborative cache global strategy are as follows:
  • the global navigation device periodically collects the dynamic topology of the bearer network in the collaboration area, and the dynamic topology of the bearer network includes dynamic changes of the network traffic.
  • the routing protocol may be collected through a routing protocol such as 0SPF (0pen Shortest Path First) or IS-IS, or may be distributed in the collaboration area.
  • 0SPF pen Shortest Path First
  • IS-IS International Standards Organization
  • each node in the collaboration area receives the content request sent by the user client, obtains a user request summary of each node in the collaboration area according to the content request, and sends the user request summary to the global navigation device.
  • the content request sent by the user client includes: a name of the content that needs to be obtained.
  • the node summarizes the content request, for example, classifying content requests sent by different user clients, performing traffic statistics on different content requests, and the like, and obtaining a user request summary, where the user request summary includes but is not limited to the name of the content, Information and visits to the collaboration area, etc.
  • step 503 Perform user behavior analysis according to user request summary of each node in the collaboration area, and obtain user behavior information.
  • step 504 When used to obtain the TE-SS policy, perform step 504, and when used to obtain the collaborative cache global policy, perform step 506; Specifically, the global navigation device performs user behavior analysis according to the user request summary of each node in the collaboration area, and obtains user behavior information.
  • User Profile Analysis refers to analyzing the historical access behavior of users, and predicting user's access preferences for specific content based on the user behavior information obtained from the analysis results, and obtaining the user's personal preferences according to the access preferences for specific content. . For example, after analyzing the historical access data of a certain user A and finding that the content that the customer A prefers to access is golf, basketball, and sports news, the personal preference of the user A is sports.
  • Memory Based Collaborative Filtering predicts user's access preferences for specific content by calculating the similarity between users and other users' evaluation of the content.
  • Model-based collaborative filtering first establishes a probability model for the user, and based on the user's historical access data, applies statistical inference and Bayesian learning methods to obtain the parameters corresponding to the user's probability model, and then the user model is based on the parameter pair.
  • Specific content is predicted to obtain user's access preferences for specific content.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the method for analyzing user behavior, and may be collaborative filtering based on memory or collaborative filtering based on model, and does not exclude other methods.
  • the user behavior information and the dynamic change of the network traffic are taken as inputs, and the TE-SS joint optimization method is used to periodically calculate the TE-SS policy (for example, changing the IP route).
  • TE-SS joint optimization is a kind of cooperative cooperative game theory to realize cooperative game between TE and SS. It not only solves the optimal routing problem of network traffic, but also solves the problem of efficient distribution of content.
  • the global performance of the system is optimal.
  • a typical TE-SS joint optimization method is to use NBS (Nash Bargaining Solution) to establish TE-SS COST (Cooperative Server selection and Traffic engineering).
  • COST uses the dual decomposition theory to decompose the initial joint optimization problem into two sub-optimization problems similar to TE and SS and a main optimization problem. The two sub-problems are related to each other through a common dual variable, while the main problem is responsible for continuously updating the associated dual variables, eventually bringing the system closer to the optimal solution.
  • the joint optimization may adopt the COST method, and the other methods are not excluded, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Each node stores the TE-SS policy in the TE-SS policy library, applies the TE-SS policy in subsequent business processes, dynamically optimizes the routing for the service request, and selects the target node in the request.
  • determine the proportion of transmission demand for each target node determine the proportion of transmission demand for each target node.
  • the method calculates the collaborative cache global policy for each domain.
  • the commonly used method of collaborative caching is based on In the statistical forecasting of content popularity, an optimization problem model is established to minimize the network transmission cost.
  • the heuristic algorithm is used to solve this optimization problem, and the near-optimal replica placement and replacement strategy is obtained.
  • the copy placement and replacement strategy of the collaborative cache may adopt the method, and does not exclude other methods.
  • Each node generates a local cache policy based on the collaborative cache global policy and local information to generate local information, and applies the cache policy in subsequent business processes, so that some cache resources contributed by each node in the domain cooperate to form a shared virtual cache pool.
  • Step 501 is the first group, which is responsible for collecting the topology.
  • Steps 502 and 503 are the second group and are responsible for user behavior analysis.
  • Steps 504 and 505 are the third group, which is responsible for the calculation, pushing and application of the TE-SS strategy.
  • Steps 506 and 507 are the fourth group, which is responsible for coordinating the calculation, pushing, and application of the global policy.
  • Each set of steps can be done periodically, such as collecting the topology on a regular basis, or having an event trigger.
  • Each set of steps can be tailored to the deployment needs, such as the fourth or third group can be cut down separately. There is no order between the first group and the second group, and between the third group and the fourth group.
  • step 501 is first performed as an example.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention fully utilizes advanced distributed computing and optimized decomposition theory; and solves the existing based on the network architecture for content perception, storage, routing, and distribution, and utilizes cross-layer joint optimization technologies.
  • the problem faced by the host mode Internet provides a distributed, scalable, and efficient next-generation network centered on content storage/distribution.
  • the content is not stored in a specific node.
  • the client acquires a certain content, it does not acquire to a specific node, but searches for the content in the local cache. If the content is not in the local cache, the content storage location list corresponding to the content identifier is found in the DHT, and the corresponding target node is obtained in the content storage location list to obtain the content.
  • the method described in the embodiment of the present invention avoids network congestion caused when many clients acquire a certain content at the same time; at the same time, the content distribution efficiency is improved; thereby reducing the investment cost caused by upgrading the network device. Waste; avoids network flaws caused by hackers sending large amounts of content requests to the same node, improving network security.
  • the storage capacity of each node in the collaboration area is organized to construct a mutual help distributed cache system, so that the content is not limited to the cache of a single node, and the scalability of the storage is improved; by applying the current collaborative cache global strategy combination
  • the local cache policy generated by the local information schedules the local cache resource and the collaborative cache resource, which improves the cache hit ratio and content distribution efficiency of the entire collaboration area.
  • Embodiment 3 The scalability of the system is greatly improved by the use of a structured namespace with aggregation characteristics.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a node 600 for acquiring content, where the node includes:
  • the content proxy module 601 is configured to receive a content request, where the content request includes at least an identifier of the content to be requested, determine whether the content corresponding to the identifier can be obtained locally, and if yes, obtain the content corresponding to the identifier locally; otherwise, The content obtaining module 602 forwards the content request;
  • the content obtaining module 602 is configured to receive a content request sent by the content proxy module 601, obtain a target node that stores the content corresponding to the identifier according to the identifier search name parsing system, and obtain content corresponding to the identifier from the target node.
  • the name resolution system includes a multi-level DHT and global content parsing structure that supports name aggregation and longest match lookup.
  • the content proxy module 601 specifically includes a request receiving unit 601a, and further includes at least one of a local cache lookup unit 601b and an aggregate content search unit 601c, where:
  • the request receiving unit 601a is configured to receive a content request, where the content request includes at least an identifier of the content to be requested, and send the content request to at least one of the local cache lookup unit 601b and the aggregate content search unit 601c; the local cache lookup unit 601b And receiving the content request sent by the request receiving unit 601a, determining whether the content corresponding to the identifier is stored in the local cache, and if yes, acquiring the content from the local cache; otherwise forwarding the content request to the content obtaining module 602;
  • the aggregate content search unit 601c is configured to receive the content request sent by the request receiving unit 601a, determine whether the content corresponding to the identifier is being obtained locally, and if yes, wait for the local content to obtain the content corresponding to the identifier;
  • the content acquisition module 602 forwards the content request.
  • the content obtaining module 602 specifically includes:
  • the name resolution unit 602a is configured to receive a content request sent by the content proxy module 601, search for a content storage location list corresponding to the identifier according to the DHT, and send the content storage location list to the content routing unit 602b;
  • the content routing unit 602b is configured to receive the content storage location list sent by the name resolution unit 602a, select a target node in the content storage location list according to the current traffic engineering-server selection TE-SS policy, and obtain the corresponding identifier from the target node. content.
  • the name resolution unit 602a specifically includes: a request receiving subunit 602al, configured to receive a content request sent by the content proxy module 601;
  • the sub-unit 602a2 is configured to search for a parsing record corresponding to the identifier in the current DHT, and if yes, obtain a content storage location list in the parsing record corresponding to the identifier; if not, and the current DHT is not in the AS The highest-level DHT is searched in the upper-level DHT in the AS until the content storage location list in the parsing record corresponding to the identifier is obtained;
  • the sending subunit 602a3 is configured to send the content storage location list to the content routing unit 602b.
  • the name resolution unit 602a further includes:
  • the registration sub-unit 602a4 is configured to receive a registration request, where the registration request includes at least an identifier of the content and location information of the content; searching for a resolution record corresponding to the identifier in the current DHT, and if yes, updating the resolution corresponding to the identifier
  • the content in the record is stored in the location list; otherwise, the analysis record of the location information including the identifier and the content is added to the current DHT, and it is determined whether the current DHT is the highest level DHT in the AS, and if not, the location is in the AS.
  • Level 1 DHT registration if yes, register with the global content resolution structure.
  • the content routing unit 602b provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
  • the receiving subunit 602b is configured to receive a content storage location list sent by the name resolution unit 602a, and send the content storage location list to the selection subunit 602b3;
  • the traffic engineering-server selection TE-SS policy acquisition sub-unit 602b2 is configured to acquire a current TE-SS policy, and send the current TE-SS policy to the selecting sub-unit 602b3;
  • the selecting subunit 602b3 is configured to receive the content storage location list sent by the receiving subunit 602b1 and the current TE-SS policy sent by the TE-SS policy obtaining subunit 602b2, and select from the content storage location list according to the current TE-SS policy. a target node, and transmitting information of the target node to the content acquisition subunit 602b4;
  • the content acquisition sub-unit 602b4 is configured to receive the information of the target node sent by the selection sub-unit 602b3, and obtain the content corresponding to the identifier from the target node according to the current TE-SS policy.
  • the content acquisition module 602 is specifically configured to:
  • the AS that belongs to the content corresponding to the identifier is searched from the global content parsing structure, and the target node in the AS is obtained. Identify the corresponding content.
  • the node provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a storage service module 603, configured to obtain a collaborative cache global policy and local information, obtain a local cache policy according to the collaborative cache global policy and local information, and obtain the local cache policy according to the local cache policy.
  • the content is cached.
  • the node provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes an application service module 604, configured to acquire a content request of the user, obtain a user request digest according to the content request, and send the user request digest to the global navigation device 605.
  • the node provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a global navigation device 605, where the global navigation device 605 includes at least one of a collaboration cache controller 605a and a joint optimization controller 605b, where:
  • the collaboration cache controller 605a is configured to obtain a user request summary sent by the application service module 604; obtain user behavior information according to the user request summary; and obtain a collaborative cache global policy according to the user behavior information. Or used to obtain dynamic changes in network traffic; a collaborative cache global policy is obtained according to the dynamic change of the network traffic. Or used to obtain the user request summary and the dynamic change of the network traffic sent by the application service module 604; obtain the user behavior information according to the user request summary; and obtain the collaborative cache global policy according to the user behavior information and the dynamic change of the network traffic.
  • the joint optimization controller 605b is configured to obtain a dynamic change of the network traffic and a user request summary sent by the application service module 604.
  • the user behavior information is obtained according to the user request summary; and the TE-SS is obtained according to the user behavior information and the dynamic change of the network traffic. Strategy.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention fully utilizes advanced distributed computing and optimized decomposition theory; and solves the existing based on the network architecture for content perception, storage, routing, and distribution, and utilizes cross-layer joint optimization technologies.
  • the problem faced by the host mode Internet provides a distributed, scalable, and efficient next-generation network centered on content storage/distribution.
  • the content is not stored in a specific node.
  • the client acquires a certain content, it does not acquire to a specific node, but searches for the content in the local cache. If the content is not in the local cache, the content storage location list corresponding to the content identifier is found in the DHT, and the corresponding target node is obtained in the content storage location list to obtain the content.
  • the method described in the embodiment of the present invention avoids network congestion caused when many clients acquire a certain content at the same time; at the same time, the content distribution efficiency is improved; thereby reducing the investment cost caused by upgrading the network device. Waste; avoids network flaws caused by hackers sending large amounts of content requests to the same node, improving network security.
  • the storage capacity of each node in the collaboration area is organized to construct a mutual help distributed cache system, so that the content is not limited to the cache of a single node, and the scalability of the storage is improved; by applying the current collaborative cache global strategy combination
  • the local cache policy generated by the local information schedules the local cache resource and the collaborative cache resource, which improves the cache hit ratio and content distribution efficiency of the entire collaboration area.
  • the user client can ensure the optimal path. Get content from the optimal node.
  • Embodiment 4 The scalability of the system is greatly improved by the use of a structured namespace with aggregation characteristics.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a content network.
  • the network includes a node 600 for acquiring content and a transmission network 607:
  • the node 600 is configured to receive a content request, where the content request includes at least an identifier of the content to be requested, determine whether the content corresponding to the identifier can be obtained locally, and if yes, obtain the content corresponding to the identifier locally; otherwise,
  • the target name resolution system is configured to obtain a target node that stores the content corresponding to the identifier, and the content corresponding to the identifier is obtained from the target node; and the content corresponding to the identifier is sent to the client through the transmission network 607;
  • the name resolution system includes a multi-level DHT and a global content parsing structure, and the global content parsing structure supports name aggregation and longest match search.
  • the node 600 that obtains the content is used to determine whether the content corresponding to the identifier can be locally obtained. If yes, the content corresponding to the identifier is used to determine whether the content corresponding to the identifier is stored locally. In the cache, if yes, the content is obtained from the local cache; otherwise, it is determined whether the content corresponding to the identifier is being obtained locally, and if yes, the content corresponding to the identifier is obtained after waiting to obtain the content locally.
  • the node 600 for obtaining the content is used to search for the target node that stores the content corresponding to the identifier according to the identifier, and is specifically used to search the content storage location list corresponding to the identifier according to the multi-level DHT, and according to the current TE-SS policy. Select the target node in the content storage location list.
  • the node 600 for obtaining the content is used to search for the content storage location list corresponding to the identifier according to the multi-level DHT, and is specifically used to search for the resolution record corresponding to the identifier in the local DHT. If yes, obtain the corresponding identifier of the identifier. Parsing the content storage location list in the record; if the current DHT does not have the resolution record corresponding to the identifier, and the current DHT is not the highest-level DHT in the local AS, search for the upper DHT in the AS, until Obtain a list of content storage locations in the parsing record corresponding to the identifier.
  • the node 600 for obtaining the content is further configured to receive the registration request, where the registration request includes at least the identifier of the content and the location information of the content; searching for the resolution record corresponding to the identifier in the local DHT, and if yes, updating the identifier
  • the content in the corresponding parsing record is stored in the location list; otherwise, the parsing record including the identifier and the location information of the content is added to the DHT, and it is determined whether the current DHT is the highest DHT in the AS. If not, then Register with the upper level DHT in the AS; if yes, register with the global content resolution structure.
  • the node 600 for acquiring the content is used to obtain the current TE-SS policy when the target node is selected in the content storage location list according to the current TE-SS policy; and the content storage location is obtained according to the current TE-SS policy. Select the target node in the list;
  • the node 600 that obtains the content is used to obtain the content corresponding to the identifier from the target node, specifically, according to the The pre-TE-SS policy obtains the content corresponding to the identifier from the target node.
  • the node 600 for obtaining content is configured to search for a target node that stores the content corresponding to the identifier according to the identifier, and when the content corresponding to the identifier is obtained from the target node, specifically, the identifier is used to search for the identifier from the global content resolution structure.
  • the autonomous domain AS to which the corresponding content belongs obtains the content corresponding to the identifier from the target node in the AS.
  • the node 600 After obtaining the content corresponding to the identifier from the target node, the node 600 is configured to obtain a collaborative cache global policy and local information, and obtain a local cache policy according to the collaborative cache global policy and local information; according to the local cache The policy caches the content.
  • the node 600 for obtaining content is further configured to obtain a content request of the user, obtain a user request summary according to the content request, and send the user request summary to the global navigation device 605.
  • the node 600 for obtaining content provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a global navigation device 605.
  • the global navigation device 605 is configured to obtain a user request summary, obtain user behavior information according to the user request summary, and obtain a collaborative cache global policy according to the user behavior information.
  • the global navigation device 605 is configured to obtain a dynamic change of network traffic; and obtain a collaborative cache global policy according to the dynamic change of the network traffic.
  • the global navigation device 605 is configured to obtain a dynamic change of the user request summary and the network traffic; obtain the user behavior information according to the user request summary; and obtain a collaborative cache global policy according to the user behavior information and the dynamic change of the network traffic.
  • the global navigation device 605 is configured to obtain a dynamic change of the network traffic and a summary of the user request; obtain the user behavior information according to the user request summary; and obtain the TE-SS policy according to the user behavior information and the dynamic change of the network traffic.
  • the global navigation device 605 can be located in the node 600 that retrieves the content or as a standalone device.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention fully utilizes advanced distributed computing and optimized decomposition theory; and solves the existing based on the network architecture for content perception, storage, routing, and distribution, and utilizes cross-layer joint optimization technologies.
  • the problem faced by the host mode Internet provides a distributed, scalable, and efficient next-generation network centered on content storage/distribution.
  • the content is not stored in a specific node.
  • the client acquires a certain content, it does not acquire to a specific node, but searches for the content in the local cache. If the content is not in the local cache, the content storage location list corresponding to the content identifier is found in the DHT, and the corresponding target node is obtained in the content storage location list to obtain the content.
  • the method described in the embodiment of the present invention avoids network congestion caused when many clients acquire a certain content at the same time; at the same time, the content distribution efficiency is improved; thereby reducing the investment cost caused by upgrading the network device. Waste; avoids network flaws caused by hackers sending large amounts of content requests to the same node, improving network security. Since multiple nodes in a collaborative area distribute the DHT of the collaborative area, instead of storing all the DHTs in each node, when the content explodes, the storage pressure of each node is alleviated, and it is distributed and scalable. specialty.
  • the content is not limited to the cache of a single node, and the fifth embodiment
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a detailed content network.
  • the content network includes: a node 600 for obtaining content and a transport network 607.
  • the node 600 that fetches the content transmits the acquired content to the client through the transport network 607.
  • the node 600 for obtaining content includes the following modules and units:
  • the content proxy module 601 specifically includes the following functions:
  • User access management It includes user attachment management and mobility management, and completes user authentication, policy management, and location label assignment. As a bridge between the user and the C0NA network, the user is published/acquired by interaction with other nodes.
  • the Content Agent Module 601 is often deployed at the edge of the network, such as DSLAM devices.
  • the content request includes at least an identifier of the content to be requested; determining whether the content corresponding to the identifier can be obtained locally, and if yes, acquiring the content corresponding to the identifier locally. Otherwise, the name resolution unit 602a is queried for the location of the content. If the content is in other nodes in the AS, the content is obtained by the storage service module 603. If other domains of the content are stored or cached (by the global content resolution structure of the name resolution unit 602a), the boundaries to the domains are The node initiates a content request; after the content is obtained, the content is returned to all content requesters.
  • the content proxy module 601 specifically includes: a local cache lookup unit 601b and an aggregate content lookup unit 601c.
  • the local cache search unit 601b is configured to determine whether the content corresponding to the identifier is stored in the local cache, and if yes, obtain the content from the local cache;
  • the aggregate content search unit 601c is configured to determine whether the content corresponding to the identifier is being obtained locally. If yes, wait for the content to be obtained locally to obtain the content corresponding to the identifier.
  • Aggregate content request By setting the content information table to be obtained, so that subsequent repeated requests for the same content (which can be found in the information table by the content name) do not need to repeatedly acquire the content, and only need to wait for the previous request to return the content and respond. By converging content requests, you can effectively defend against DDoS and Flash Crowd issues.
  • a name resolution unit 602a which is a core unit in the C0NA, and is used to search for a content storage location list corresponding to the identifier according to the DHT. Specifically includes the following features:
  • Maintaining DHT's Key Based Routing mainly includes discovery and status detection of nodes with name resolution, determining whether nodes with name resolution are added to DHT, and synchronizing KBR status. And other functions.
  • C0NA constructs multi-level DHT in each AS or metropolitan area network, corresponding to different levels of basic network facilities, such as DSLAM equipment layer, Ethernet switch layer and edge router layer.
  • Support DHT basic operation Support DHT write, lookup and other functions.
  • DHT peer Peer
  • One-Hop DHT search Considering that the DHT peer (Peer) is composed of relatively stable network devices, it can use One-Hop DHT search.
  • the part of the name parsing unit 602a that supports DHT writing is configured to: receive a registration request, where the registration request includes at least an identifier of the registered content and location information of the registered content; and whether the identifier exists in the current DHT, if yes, Updating the content storage location list corresponding to the identifier, and completing the registration; otherwise, adding the identifier and the location information of the content, and determining whether the current DHT is the highest DHT in the AS, and if not, going to the AS Level 1 DHT registration; if yes, register with the global content resolution structure.
  • the part of the name resolution unit 602a that supports the DHT search is used to: search for the identifier of the content to be requested in the current DHT, and if so, obtain the content storage location list corresponding to the identifier; if not, and the current DHT is not the AS
  • the highest-level DHT in the AS searches for the upper-level DHT in the AS until the content storage location list corresponding to the identifier is obtained. If the identifier does not exist in the current DHT, and the current DHT is the highest-level DHT in the AS. Then, the AS that belongs to the content corresponding to the identifier is searched from the global content parsing structure, and the content storage location list corresponding to the identifier is obtained from the target node in the AS.
  • a structured namespace is used in the global content parsing structure with aggregating properties.
  • the names of a batch of content have the same prefix and are published in the same area (such as the same AS), it is only necessary to use the name prefix to issue a record in the global content resolution structure. For example, content
  • the content routing unit 602b specifically includes the following functions:
  • Logical topology management of nodes Mainly through the automatic discovery of nodes, node fault detection and other functions, complete logical topology management between nodes.
  • Dynamic optimization routing dynamically optimizes the routing of the content layer messages from the upper storage service module 603, selects the target nodes in the request according to the optimization strategy delivered by the global navigation device 605, and determines the transmission requirements of each target node. The ratios are further mapped to the underlying transport network 607 by the transport engine module 606.
  • the content routing unit 602b is configured to select a target node in the content storage location list according to the current traffic engineering-server selection TE-SS policy; and obtain content corresponding to the identifier from the target node.
  • the content routing unit 602b specifically includes: a receiving subunit 602b, configured to receive a content storage location list sent by the name parsing unit 602a, and a traffic engineering-server selection TE-SS policy obtaining subunit 602b2, configured to obtain the current TE-SS a policy; a selection sub-unit 602b3, configured to select a target node from the content storage location list according to the current TE-SS policy; a content acquisition sub-unit 602b4, configured to acquire corresponding content from the target node according to the current TE-SS policy .
  • Transmission and delivery of content The transmission of content between nodes is accomplished through the interface provided by the transport engine module 606.
  • the storage service module 603 specifically includes the following functions:
  • DHT index storage metadata for storing content, including a list of content storage locations, and may also include information such as data signature, TTL, and the like.
  • Content block storage Used for permanent storage and caching of content blocks.
  • the cache can be divided into two categories: local cache and collaborative cache.
  • the local cache is scheduled by the local cache replacement algorithm.
  • the collaboration cache organizes the storage capabilities of the devices in the collaboration area to form a shared virtual cache pool to improve the overall cache hit rate and content distribution efficiency of the collaboration area. It is scheduled by a collaborative cache global policy delivered by a relatively centralized collaborative cache controller in the global navigation device 605 in conjunction with local cache policies obtained from local information.
  • the storage service module is configured to obtain a collaborative cache global policy; obtain a local cache policy according to the collaborative cache global policy and local information; and cache the obtained content according to the local cache policy.
  • Unified storage service interface encapsulates the basic semantics for content storage, hides the details of the storage architecture, and provides a unified content storage service interface for other modules and devices.
  • the application service module 604 specifically includes the following functions:
  • the application service module 604 of each node in the collaboration area receives the content request sent by the user client, and obtains a user request summary according to the content request, where the content request sent by the user client includes: a name of the content to be acquired . Summarizing the content request, for example, classifying the content request sent by different user clients, performing statistics on the amount of access to different content requests, and the like, and obtaining a user request summary, where the user request summary includes but is not limited to the name of the content, The information and the amount of access to the collaboration area, etc., are reported to the global navigation device 605.
  • the global navigation device 605 specifically includes the following functions:
  • the collaboration cache controller 605a is configured to obtain dynamic changes of user behavior information and network traffic; and obtain a collaborative cache global policy according to at least one of the user behavior information and a dynamic change of network traffic. Specifically, it will be in the domain As input, at least one of user behavior information (request for content) and dynamic change of network traffic, applying a collaborative cache method to obtain a collaborative cache global policy for each domain, pushing the policy to the intra-domain node, and applying to the storage
  • the service module 603 cooperates with a part of the cache resources contributed by each node in the domain to form a shared virtual cache pool.
  • the commonly used method of collaborative caching is based on the statistical prediction of content popularity to establish an optimization problem model that minimizes the cost of network transmission.
  • the heuristic algorithm is used to solve this optimization problem, and a near-optimal replica placement and replacement strategy is obtained.
  • the copy placement and replacement strategy of the collaborative cache may adopt the method, and does not exclude other methods.
  • Joint optimization controller 605b used to obtain dynamic changes of user behavior information and network traffic; calculate a TE-SS policy according to the user behavior information and dynamic changes of network traffic. Specifically, it takes as input the user behavior information (request for content) and network traffic in the domain, uses the optimization decomposition theory, periodically calculates the "TE-SS" policy (such as changing the IP route), and then pushes the policy to a node within the domain;
  • TE-SS joint optimization is a kind of cooperative cooperative game theory to realize cooperative game between TE and SS. It not only solves the optimal routing problem of network traffic, but also solves the problem of efficient distribution of content. The global performance of the system is optimal.
  • a typical TE-SS joint optimization method is to use NBS to establish the C0ST of TE-SS.
  • COST uses the dual decomposition theory to decompose the initial joint optimization problem into two sub-optimization problems similar to TE and SS and a main optimization problem.
  • the two sub-problems are related to each other through a common dual variable, while the main problem is responsible for continuously updating the associated dual variables, eventually bringing the system closer to the optimal solution.
  • the joint optimization may adopt the COST method, and the other methods are not excluded. The embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit this.
  • the user behavior analysis is further performed: analyzing the user request summary reported by the application service module 604, and the outputted user behavior information may be fed back to the joint optimization controller and the collaboration cache controller, and may also be used by other applications, for example: recommend. among them:
  • User Profile Analysis refers to analyzing the historical access behavior of users, and predicting user's access preferences for specific content based on the user behavior information obtained from the analysis results, and obtaining the user's personal preferences according to the access preferences for specific content. . For example, after analyzing the historical access data of a certain user A and finding that the content that the customer A prefers to access is golf, basketball, and sports news, the personal preference of the user A is sports.
  • Model Based Collaborative Filtering predicts the user's access preferences for specific content by calculating the similarity between users and other users' evaluation of the content.
  • Model-based collaborative filtering first establishes a probability model for the user, and based on the user's historical access data, applies statistical inference and Bayesian learning methods to obtain the parameters corresponding to the user's probability model, and then the user model The specific content is predicted according to the parameter, and the user's access preference to the specific content is obtained.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the method for analyzing user behavior, and may be collaborative filtering based on memory or collaborative filtering based on model, and does not exclude other methods.
  • the transmission engine module 606 specifically includes the following functions:
  • the transmission control operation of the node 600 that acquires the content is not related to the bearer technology: the retransmission of the message requesting the node 600 that acquires the content, the discarding of the response message to the node 600 that acquires the content, and the request message received by the node 600 that acquires the content
  • the flow control and other work are not related to the bearer technology: the retransmission of the message requesting the node 600 that acquires the content, the discarding of the response message to the node 600 that acquires the content, and the request message received by the node 600 that acquires the content.
  • Adaptation of the node 600 to the transmission network 607 different bearer technologies Completion of adaptation to different bearer technologies such as IP, Ethernets MPLS Fiber or Wireless. The difference between various transmission technologies is hidden, and a unified transmission interface is provided for the node 600 for obtaining content, and the work of fragmentation, reorganization, reordering, etc. from content to transport layer messages or frames is completed.
  • C0NA can be directly transmitted by Ethernet, and optimized for Ethernet characteristics to solve scalability problems, making C0NA the most efficient use of the network.
  • Topology awareness and transmission path control of the bearer network The dynamic detection of the bearer network topology and traffic information is completed by the extension of protocols such as BGP and IS-IS. And through the control of the transmission path of the content sent by the target node, assisting in the joint optimization goal of the TE-SS strategy.
  • the content network provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a transmission network 607, configured to provide a platform for the content network to transmit content.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the form of the transmission network 607, including but not limited to IP, Ethernets (G) MPLS, Fiber, and Wireless.
  • the content proxy module 601, the name parsing unit 602a, the content routing unit 602b, the storage service module 603, the application service module 604, the global navigation device 605, and the transport engine module 606 are independent physical devices, or any combination formed by them. Located on the same physical device, or separate processes on a physical device, or together as a process on a physical device.
  • the global navigation device 605 can be set in the node 600 that acquires content or is set separately for a separate device.
  • the storage service module 603 can be integrated on a physical device, and is responsible for storing at least one of the content block and the DHT index, and forms a pure storage device in the C0NA.
  • a name resolution unit 602£1 and a storage service module 603 can be integrated on a physical device, which is responsible for storing and querying content name resolution entries, and forms a pure name resolution device in C0NA.
  • the above modules and devices can be flexibly combined according to the needs of the operator, and different device configurations are constructed, including: In actual deployment, the modules or devices of the above various forms are allowed to be mixed. This makes the networking more flexible and more scalable. For example, when the business processing capability is insufficient, only the number of integrated service switching devices needs to be increased. If only need Expand the content storage capacity and directly add pure storage devices. When you need to improve the processing power of the name resolution system, you can directly add a pure name resolution device.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention fully utilizes advanced distributed computing and optimized decomposition theory; and solves the existing based on the network architecture for content perception, storage, routing, and distribution, and utilizes cross-layer joint optimization technologies.
  • the problem faced by the host mode Internet provides a distributed, scalable, and efficient next-generation network centered on content storage/distribution.
  • the content is not stored in a specific node.
  • the client acquires a certain content, it does not acquire to a specific node, but searches for the content in the local cache. If the content is not in the local cache, the content storage location list corresponding to the content identifier is found in the DHT, and the corresponding target node is obtained in the content storage location list to obtain the content.
  • the method described in the embodiment of the present invention avoids network congestion caused when many clients acquire a certain content at the same time; at the same time, the content distribution efficiency is improved; thereby reducing the investment cost caused by upgrading the network device. Waste; avoids network flaws caused by hackers sending large amounts of content requests to the same node, improving network security.
  • the storage capacity of each node in the collaboration area is organized to construct a mutual help distributed cache system, so that the content is not limited to the cache of a single node, and the scalability of the storage is improved; by applying the current collaborative cache global strategy combination
  • the local cache policy generated by the local information schedules the local cache resource and the collaborative cache resource, which improves the cache hit ratio and content distribution efficiency of the entire collaboration area.
  • the user client can ensure the optimal path. Get content from the optimal node.
  • the node for obtaining content and the content network provided by the foregoing embodiment are only exemplified by the division of the foregoing functional modules when acquiring content. In actual applications, the functions may be assigned different functions according to needs. After the module is completed, the node that acquires the content and the internal structure of the content network are divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the node for obtaining the content and the content network provided by the foregoing embodiment are the same as the method for obtaining the content. For the specific implementation process, refer to the method embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • All or part of the steps in the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by using software, and the corresponding software program may be stored in A readable storage medium, such as a disc or hard disk.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种获取内容的方法、节点及内容网络,属于通信领域。方法包括:接收内容请求,内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识;判断标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取,如果是,则从本地获取标识对应的内容;否则,根据标识查找名字解析系统得到存放所述标识对应的目标节点,从目标节点中获取标识对应的内容;其中,名字解析系统包括多级DHT和全局内容解析结构,全局内容解析结构支持名字聚合和最长匹配查找。节点包括:内容代理模块和内容获取模块。内容网络包括:获取内容的节点和传输网络。本发明采用分布式方案构建一个CONA平台,通过引入优化策略提高了内容分发效率和网络的安全性、节约了网络投资成本,使网络更适应内容的快速增长。

Description

获取内容的方法、 节点及内容网络 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域, 特别涉及一种获取内容的方法、 节点及内容网络。 背景技术
互联网技术自发明以来已经历了说 40多年的发展历程, 今天的互联网活跃着 Web应用、 多媒体音视频应用、 移动性、 黑客攻击等多种元素。 随着这些元素的持续壮大, 也给互联 网带来了前所未有的挑战。 特别是随着互联网规模不断增加以及高清视频 /图片的日益流 行, 最近几年互联网上传输的数据量出现了飞速增长。 如何高效地从互联网中获取内容成 书
为一个日益关注的主题。
现有技术中的互联网是基于主机的架构, 其中, 与互联网相连的任何一台计算机都称 为主机, 每台主机都有一个唯一的 IP ( Internet Protocol , 互联网协议) 地址。 在获取内 容时, 通过 IP地址选取需要连接的主机, 并通过 IP协议实现与传输内容对应的 IP数据包 的传递。
由于在互联网上传输的内容出现了爆炸式增长,而互联网基于 IP协议进行内容传输时, 很多客户端同时向内容所在主机建立会话以获取内容, 导致内容分发效率低下, 造成源服 务器和网络拥堵; 为了避免上述网络拥堵, 需要不断扩大带宽、 升级网络设备, 这样又增 加了网络的投资成本; 另外, 黑客可以通过向同一主机发出大量内容请求而造成网络瘫痪, 因此目前的网络架构还存在不安全的弊端, 无法适应内容的快速增长。 发明内容
为了使网络适应内容的快速增长, 本发明实施例提供了一种获取内容的方法、 节点及 内容网络。 所述技术方案如下:
一方面, 本发明实施例提供了一种获取内容的方法, 所述方法包括:
接收内容请求, 所述内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识;
判断所述标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取所述标识对应 的内容; 否则,
根据所述标识查找名字解析系统得到存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从所述目 标节点中获取所述标识对应的内容;
其中, 所述名字解析系统包括多级分布式哈希表 DHT和全局内容解析结构, 所述全局 内容解析结构支持名字聚合和最长匹配查找。
另一方面, 本发明实施例提供了一种获取内容的节点, 所述节点包括:
内容代理模块, 用于接收内容请求, 所述内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识; 判 断所述标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取所述标识对应的内容; 否则, 向内容获取模块转发所述内容请求;
内容获取模块, 用于接收所述内容代理模块发送的所述内容请求, 根据所述标识查找 名字解析系统得到存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从所述目标节点中获取所述标识 对应的内容, 其中, 所述名字解析系统包括多级分布式哈希表 DHT和全局内容解析结构, 所述全局内容解析结构支持名字聚合和最长匹配查找。
另一方面, 本发明实施例还提供了一种内容网络, 所述网络包括获取内容的节点和传 输网络:
所述获取内容的节点, 用于接收内容请求, 所述内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标 识; 判断所述标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取所述标识对应 的内容; 否则, 根据所述标识查找名字解析系统得到存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从所述目标节点中获取所述标识对应的内容; 并通过所述传输网络将所述标识对应的内容 发送给客户端;
其中, 所述名字解析系统包括多级分布式哈希表 DHT和全局内容解析结构, 所述全局 内容解析结构支持名字聚合和最长匹配查找。
在本发明实施例的网络架构下, 内容并不是存储在某一个特定节点, 当客户端获取某 一内容时, 不会向某一个特定节点获取, 而是就近在本地查找该内容; 如果本地没有该内 容, 则在 DHT 中查找到内容标识对应的内容存放位置列表, 并在内容存放位置列表中获取 相应的目标节点以得到该内容。 采用本发明实施例所述的方法, 避免了当很多客户端同时 获取某一内容时所造成的网络拥堵; 同时还提高了内容分发效率; 从而减少了对网络设备 进行升级时造成的投资成本的浪费; 避免了黑客向同一节点发出大量内容请求而造成的网 络瘫痪, 提高了网络的安全性。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的 附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例, 对于本 领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的 附图。
图 1是本发明实施例提供的内容网络中节点分布结构示意图;
图 2是本发明实施例一提供的获取内容的方法流程图;
图 3是本发明实施例二提供的获取内容的方法流程图;
图 4是本发明实施例二提供的名称注册方法流程图;
图 5是本发明实施例二提供的策略获取方法流程图;
图 6是为本发明实施例三、 四、 五提供的具有全部功能的内容网络结构示意图; 图 7是本发明实施例三提供的内容代理模块结构示意图;
图 8是本发明实施例三提供的内容获取模块结构示意图;
图 9是本发明实施例三提供的第一种名字解析单元结构示意图;
图 10是本发明实施例三提供的第二种名字解析单元结构示意图;
图 11是本发明实施例三提供的内容路由单元结构示意图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作 进一步地详细描述。
本发明实施例构建了一个对内容感知、 存储、 路由、 分发服务的网络架构, 称为 C0NA ( Content-Oriented Network Architecture , 面向内容的网络架构), 该网络架构上的节 点称为 C0NA节点。
参见图 1, 为内容网络中节点的分布结构; 其中, 多个节点构成一个 AS (Autonomous System, 自治域); 每个 AS内具有多级 DHT (Distributed Hash Table, 分布式哈希表), 每 级 DHT分别对应不同层次的基础网络设施, 例如 DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer,数字用户线路接入复用器)设备层, 以太网交换机层和边缘路由层。每级 DHT 所对应的节点构成至少一个协作区域; 一个协作区域是指一个区域内的存储资源能够协同 工作, 形成一个更大的逻辑的存储资源; 每个协作区域包含若干个节点, 其中具有 DHT 索 引存储功能的节点为索引节点, 每个协作区域中具有至少一个索引节点, 在索引节点上分 布存储所述协作区域的 DHT, 形成一张完整的 DHT, 该协作区域的 DHT包括本协作区域及下 一级 DHT对应协作区域内所有节点存储内容对应的解析记录, 包括内容名称及对应的内容 所在的节点的位置列表、 元数据、 签名和 TTL (Time To Live, 生存时间); 跨 AS则采用全 局内容解析结构, 该全局内容解析结构可以为 CREX (Content Resolution Exchange Point , 内容解析交换点) 树或全局 DHT中的一种, CREX树或全局 DHT中的解析记录对归属同 的内容进行了汇聚, 且该 CREX树或全局 DHT存储在全局名字解析节点中。 实施例一
本发明实施例提供了一种获取内容的方法, 参见图 2, 该方法包括:
201: 接收内容请求, 该内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识;
202: 判断该标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则执行步骤 203, 否则, 执行步骤 204;
203: 从本地获取该标识对应的内容, 流程结束;
204: 根据该标识查找名字解析系统得到存放该标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从目标节 点中获取该标识对应的内容, 流程结束。
其中, 名字解析系统包括多级 DHT和全局内容解析结构, 该全局内容解析结构支持名 字聚合和最长匹配查找。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案, 内容并不是存储在某一个特定节点, 当客户端获取某 一内容时, 不会向某一个特定节点获取, 而是就近在本地缓存中查找该内容; 如果本地缓 存中没有该内容, 则在 DHT 中查找到内容标识对应的内容存放位置列表, 并在内容存放位 置列表中获取相应的目标节点以得到该内容。 采用本发明实施例所述的方法, 避免了当很 多客户端同时获取某一内容时所造成的网络拥堵; 同时还提高了内容分发效率; 从而减少 了对网络设备进行升级时造成的投资成本的浪费; 避免了黑客向同一节点发出大量内容请 求而造成的网络瘫痪, 提高了网络的安全性。 实施例二
本发明实施例提供了一种获取内容的方法, 参见图 3, 该方法流程具体如下:
301: 接收内容请求, 该内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的名称;
具体地, 节点接收来自用户客户端或其它节点的内容请求, 内容请求中至少包括需要 获取的内容的标识, 该标识可以是内容的名称、 标志、 代号等。
本发明实施例中, 节点为 C0NA中的节点, 即 C0NA节点, 请求内容中的标识以内容的 名称为例进行说明, 但并不限定于此。
302: 判断该名称对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则执行步骤 303, 否则, 执行步骤 304;
303: 从本地获取该名称对应的内容, 并执行步骤 307 ; 节点接收到内容请求后, 从内容请求中获取内容的名称, 并判断该名称对应的内容是 否存储在本地的缓存中, 即根据该名称查找本节点的缓存中是否存在该名称对应的内容; 如果存在, 则从本节点的缓存中获取该名称对应的内容;
如果不存在, 则判断本地是否正在获取该名称对应的内容, 即查询本节点的正在获取 内容信息表中是否存在该名称, 如果存在, 则等待本节点获取该内容; 如果不存在, 则执 行步骤 304。
其中, 正在获取内容信息表包含本节点正在获取内容的名称, 如果后续接收到的内容 请求是对同一内容的重复请求, 则能在该正在获取内容信息表中找到该内容的名称, 那么 只需等待前面的请求返回内容后一并响应, 而无需重复获取该内容。 通过对内容请求的汇 聚, 当很多客户端同时向某一节点发送同一内容请求时, 后续的请求不会被重复执行, 可 以有效抵御 DDoS ( Di stributed Denial of Service , 分布式拒绝服务攻击) 和瞬间拥挤 ( Flash Crowd)。
本节点对内容的存储分为永久存储和缓存。 本节点的缓存又可以分为本地缓存和协作 缓存。 本地缓存和协作缓存由协作缓存全局策略结合本地信息得到的本地缓存策略来调度。 其中, 协作缓存是将协作区域内各节点的存储能力组织起来构建一个互助的分布式缓存系 统, 以提高本协作区域整体的缓存命中率和内容分发效率。
304: 根据名字解析系统查找该名称对应的内容存放位置;
其中, 名字解析系统包括多级 DHT和全局内容解析结构, 该全局内容解析结构支持名 字聚合和最长匹配查找。
具体地, 根据该名称在多级 DHT中查找该名称对应的内容存放位置列表;
首先在当前 DHT中查找是否存在该名称对应的解析记录, 其中, 当前 DHT的初始状态 为本节点所在的本地 DHT, 后续状态为当前正在查找的 DHT。 如果当前 DHT中存在该名称对 应的解析记录, 则获取该名称对应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表, 返回名称查询的结 果, 该结果包括该名称对应的内容存放位置列表, 还可以包括数据的签名等信息。 其中, 内容存放位置列表中可能包含一个或多个该名称对应的内容所在的位置信息;
如果当前 DHT中不存在该名称对应的解析记录,且当前 DHT不是本 AS内的最高级 DHT, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT中查找该名称, 如果在上一级 DHT中存在该名称, 则返回名称查 询的结果, 如果不存在, 则继续向上一级 DHT 查找, 直至获取该名称对应的解析记录中的 内容存放位置列表; 此时, 查找到的内容存放位置为内容存放位置列表, 该内容在本 AS内, 执行步骤 305 ;
如果当前 DHT中不存在该名称对应的解析记录, 且当前 DHT是本 AS内的最高级 DHT, 则从全局内容解析结构中查找所述标识对应的内容归属的 AS, 即查找全局内容解析结构中 是否存在该名称对应的内容归属的 AS, 若不存在, 则返回查找失败; 若存在, 则获取该名 称对应的内容归属的 AS, 包括 AS ID ( Identity, 身份标识号码), 还可以同时获取内容归 属的 AS的网关节点 ID; 此时, 查找到的内容存放位置为内容归属的 AS, 该内容不在本 AS 内, 执行步骤 306。
305: 对于该内容在本 AS的情况, 即在本 AS内查找到该名称对应的解析记录中的内容 存放位置列表, 则获取当前的 TE-SS ( Traffic Engineering-Server Select , 流量工程- 服务器选择) 策略, 根据当前的 TE-SS 策略从内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点, 并根据 当前 TE-SS策略从目标节点中获取该名称对应的内容, 并执行步骤 307;
具体地, 根据当前的 TE-SS策略中的 SS策略在内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点及每 个目标节点的传输需求比例, 再根据当前的 TE-SS策略中的 TE策略动态选择从每个目标节 点获取内容的传输路径。
需要说明的是, 该当前 TE-SS策略预先根据用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到。 在图 5中的步骤 501-505中有具体阐述。
306: 对于该内容不在本 AS的情况, 从该名称对应的内容归属的 AS中的目标节点获取 该名称对应的内容, 并执行步骤 307;
具体地, 根据该名称对应的内容归属的 AS ID向该 AS转发内容请求, 也可以根据该 AS 的网关节点 ID向该 AS的网关节点转发内容请求; 然后由网关节点从当前 AS中的目标节点 获取该名称对应的内容后, 直接从网关节点获取该名称对应的内容。 如果网关节点没有获 取到该内容, 则返回查找失败。 如果该名称对应的内容归属的 AS中的网关节点有多个, 可 以根据路由策略选择多个网关节点向它们并发转发内容请求。
上述查询过程中, 跨级的名字查询, 可以由当前处理请求的节点直接发起查找, 也可 以通过网关节点发起查找。
步骤 304至步骤 306中, 分别描述了两种根据名称在名字解析系统中查找得到存放该 名称对应的内容的目标节点, 并从该目标节点中获取该名称对应的内容的方式。 其中一种 是所查找的内容在本 AS内的情况, 另一种是所查找的内容不在本 AS内, 需要在其他 AS域 中查找的情况。 其中, 最优选的方式是可以先根据标识在本 AS内查找, 如果查找不到, 则 在其他 AS中查找; 也可以直接分别在本 AS中查找或者直接通过名字解析系统在所有 AS中 查找。
307: 将获取到的内容发送给所有正在等待该内容的用户客户端或其它节点; 其中,本节点在进行内容发送时,通过对传输层不同承载技术如 IP、以太网(Ethernet )、 MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching,多协议标签交换)、光纤(Fiber)或无线(Wireless ) 的适配和优化, 隐藏各种传输技术的差异而为节点提供统一的传输接口, 完成从内容到传 输层报文或帧之间的分片、 重组、 重定序等工作。 例如, 针对城域网, 可以使 C0NA直接利 用 Ethernet进行传输, 并针对 Ethernet的特点进行优化, 解决扩展性问题, 使 C0NA对网 络的使用效率最高。
进一步地, 当节点发送内容时, 还进行对承载网的拓扑感知和传输路径的控制, 如借 助 BGP ( Border Gateway Protocol , 边界网关协议)、 IS-IS ( Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol , 中间系统到中间系统的路由选择协议) 等协议 的扩展完成对承载网拓扑及流量信息的动态检测, 并根据 TE-SS 策略选定的路径对内容进 行传输控制。
308: 将内容发送给用户客户端或其它节点后, 根据当前的本地缓存策略, 对本地缓存 资源和协作缓存资源进行调度, 流程结束。
具体地, 对本地缓存资源和协作缓存资源进行调度, 包括分配本地缓存和协作缓存的 空间、 选择内容副本放置位置和副本的替换等。 其中内容副本是指在节点根据用户客户端 请求获取了所需要的内容后, 将该内容在缓存中存储的内容。
其中, 本地缓存策略的获取包括: 获取协作缓存全局策略和本地信息; 根据当前的协 作缓存全局策略结合本地信息生成本地缓存策略。 当前协作缓存全局策略预先由 C0NA根据 用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化中的至少一项得到。 在图 5 中的步骤 501-503 和 506-507中有具体阐述。
当用户发布内容, 以及 C0NA节点缓存了内容时,都需要将内容注册到名字解析系统中。 参见图 4, 注册的具体方法如下:
401: 接收注册请求, 该注册请求至少包括内容的标识及所述内容的位置信息; 其中, 节点接收该注册请求, 该注册请求可以来自于用户客户端或节点: 当用户主动 上传某个内容时, 则用户的客户端会向某个节点发出注册请求; 当用户通过某个节点获取 到了某个内容时, 则该节点会发出注册请求。
具体地, 注册请求中的标识可以是内容的名称、 标志、 代号等。 本发明实施例中, 内 容的标识以内容的名称为例进行说明, 但并不限定于此。 注册请求中还可以包括数据签名 等信息。 其中, 向本节点所在协作区域的 DHT注册时, 内容的位置信息可以为本节点的位 置信息, 如节点 ID; 向上一级 DHT注册时, 内容的位置信息可以为该内容归属的协作区域 的位置信息, 如协作区域 ID; 向全局内容解析结构注册时, 内容的位置信息可以为获取该 内容时需要经过的网关 ID或该内容归属的 AS ID。 402: 根据注册请求向当前 DHT注册;
其中, 当前 DHT的初始状态为本节点所在的本地 DHT, 即节点所在协作区域的 DHT, 后 续状态为当前正在注册的 DHT。
具体地, 在本地所在协作区域的 DHT中查找是否存在内容的名称对应的解析记录; 如果在节点所在协作区域的 DHT 中存在该名称对应的解析记录, 则更新该解析记录中 的内容存放位置列表, 即将本节点的位置信息更新到该解析记录中的内容存放位置列表中, 注册完成;
否则增加该内容名称对应的解析记录,即将内容的名称及本节点的位置信息添加到 DHT 中, 并执行 403。
其中, 解析记录中包括该名称及其对应的内容存放位置列表, 还可以包括数据签名等 信息。
403: 判断当前 DHT是否为本 AS内的最高级 DHT, 如果不是, 则执行步骤 404; 否则执 行步骤 405 ;
404: 根据该注册请求向本 AS内的上一级 DHT注册, 并返回步骤 403 ;
如果在该级 DHT 中已经有该内容的解析记录, 则更新该解析记录中的内容存放位置列 表, 即将发送注册请求的节点所在的协作区域的位置信息更新到该解析记录中的内容存放 位置列表中, 注册完成;
否则增加该内容的解析记录, 即将名称及发送注册请求的节点所在的协作区域的位置 信息添加到该上一级 DHT中, 重复执行 403 ;
其中, 本步骤中发送注册请求的节点为 402中所述的节点。
405: 根据该注册请求向全局内容解析结构注册, 流程结束。
如果在全局内容解析结构中已经有该内容的解析记录, 则更新该解析记录中的内容存 放位置列表, 即将发送注册请求的节点所在的 AS的位置信息或获取该内容时需要经过的网 关 ID更新到该解析记录中的内容存放位置列表中, 注册完成;
否则增加该内容的解析记录, 即将名称及发送注册请求的节点所在的 AS的位置信息或 获取该内容时需要经过的网关 ID添加到该全局内容解析结构中。
其中, 全局内容解析结构中采用结构化的名字空间, 具有聚合特性。 当一批内容的名 字具有相同的前缀且发布在同一区域(如相同的 AS ) , 只需要用该名字前缀在全局内容解析 结构中发布——条记录艮卩可。 例如, 内容 " www. huawei. com/pic/pl. jpg,,、 、 "www. huawei. com/pic/pn. jpg "具有相同的前缀 "www. huawei. com/pic/ ", 且存方夂在同一 个 AS 下, 则在全局内容解析结构中可以聚合成一个名字为 "ww. huawei. com/pic/ " 的解 析记录。 聚合特性使得全局内容解析结构的扩展性大大提高。 同时全局内容解析结构还支 持最长匹配查找。 如在全局内容解析结构中有来自不同 AS 的两条解析记录, 分别为 "www. huawei. com/"禾口 "www. huawei. com/pic/", 则内容 "www. huawei. com/pic/pl. jpg" 在角军析时会找至1 J "www. huawei. com/pic/,,。
其中, 本发明实施例不对内容存放位置列表中存放的位置信息进行具体限定, 可以根 据部署方案的不同有多种形式。 例如, 在多级 DHT 中, 该位置信息既可以是存放该内容的 节点 ID, 也可以是该内容归属的协作区域 ID, 还可以是获取该内容时需要经过的网关 ID; 而在全局内容解析结构中, 该位置信息既可以是存放该内容的节点 ID, 也可以是获取该内 容时需要经过的网关 ID,还可以是该内容归属的 AS ID。
另外, 在 C0NA网络中的全局导航设备可以根据用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得 出每个域的 TE-SS 策略和协作缓存全局策略, 并将策略推送到域内各个节点, 应用到各节 点的内容选路和副本替换中, 从而实现网络流量的最优和内容的高效分发的目标。 该全局 导航设备可以位于某一节点, 也可以是单独的设备。 参见图 5, 得到 TE-SS策略和协作缓存 全局策略的具体步骤如下:
501: 获取网络流量的动态变化;
全局导航设备定期搜集协作区域内的承载网动态拓扑, 该承载网动态拓扑包括网络流 量的动态变化;
具体地, 搜集该协作区域内的承载网动态拓扑时, 可以通过路由协议如 0SPF (0pen Shortest Path First , 开放式最短路径优先)或 IS-IS 来搜集, 也可以通过分布在该协作 区域内的各节点搜集该承载网动态拓扑。
502: 获取用户请求摘要;
具体地, 协作区域内的各节点接收用户客户端发送的内容请求, 根据该内容请求得到 协作区域内各个节点的用户请求摘要, 并向全局导航设备发送该用户请求摘要。
其中, 用户客户端发送的内容请求包括: 需要获取的内容的名称。 节点对该内容请求 进行汇总, 例如, 对不同用户客户端发送的内容请求进行分类, 对不同内容请求进行访问 量的统计等, 得到用户请求摘要, 该用户请求摘要包括但不限于内容的名称、 该协作区域 的信息和访问量等。
503:根据协作区域内各个节点的用户请求摘要进行用户行为分析,得到用户行为信息, 当用于得到 TE-SS策略时, 执行步骤 504, 当用于得到协作缓存全局策略时, 执行步骤 506; 具体地, 全局导航设备根据协作区域内各个节点的用户请求摘要进行用户行为分析, 得到用户行为信息。 用户行为分析 (User Profile Analysis ) 是指对用户的历史访问行为进行分析, 并基 于分析结果得到的用户行为信息预测用户对特定内容的访问偏好, 并根据对特定内容的访 问偏好得到用户的个人偏好。 例如, 经过对某一用户 A 的历史访问数据进行分析, 发现客 户 A偏好访问的内容为高尔夫、 篮球及体育新闻, 则用户 A的个人偏好为体育。
常用的预测方法有: 基于记忆的协同过滤 (Memory Based Collaborative Filtering) 和基于模型的协同过滤 (Model Based Collaborative Filtering)。 其中基于记忆的协同 过滤通过计算用户间的相似度以及其他用户对该内容的评价来预测用户对特定内容的访问 偏好。 基于模型的协同过滤首先对用户建立一个概率模型, 并基于用户的历史访问数据, 应用统计推断和贝叶斯学习的方法获得该用户的概率模型所对应的参数, 然后该用户模型 根据该参数对特定内容进行预测, 得到用户对特定内容的访问偏好。
本发明实施例不对用户行为分析的方法进行具体限定, 可以是基于记忆的协同过滤或 基于模型的协同过滤, 也并不排除采用其它的方法。
504: 根据用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到 TE-SS策略;
具体地, 将用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化作为输入, 利用 TE-SS 联合优化方法 定期计算 TE-SS策略 (例如更改 IP路由)。
其中, TE-SS联合优化是一种利益合作博弈理论对 TE和 SS两个最优化问题实现合作博 弈, 既解决了网络流量的最优路由问题, 同时也解决了内容的高效分发问题, 从而获得了 系统性能的全局最优。 一种典型的 TE-SS 联合优化方法就是利用 NBS ( Nash Bargaining Solution,纳什议价解)来建立 TE-SS的 COST (Cooperative Server selection and Traffic engineering,联合优化数学模型)。 COST利用对偶分解理论将初始的联合优化问题分解为两 个类似于 TE和 SS的子优化问题和一个主优化问题。 两个子问题之间通过共同的对偶变量 相互关联, 而主问题则负责不断更新关联的对偶变量, 最终使系统逼近最优解。 本发明实 施例中, 联合优化可以采用 COST方法, 也并不排除采用其它的方法, 本发明实施例对此不 作具体限定。
505 : 将 TE-SS策略推送到域内各节点, 流程结束;
各节点将 TE-SS策略存储在 TE-SS策略库中, 在后续的业务流程中应用该 TE-SS策略, 为业务请求进行动态优化选路, 对请求中的目标节点进行选择, 当选择的目标节点为多 个时, 确定每个目标节点的传输需求比例。
506: 根据用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化中的至少一项得到协作缓存全局策略; 具体地, 将用户行为信息或网络流量的动态变化作为输入, 或将二者同时作为输入, 利用协作缓存的方法计算每个域的协作缓存全局策略。 其中, 常用的协作缓存的方法是基 于对内容流行度的统计预测建立起最小化网络传输代价的优化问题模型, 通过启发式算法 求解这一优化问题, 得到接近最优的副本放置、 替换策略。 本发明实施例中, 协作缓存的 副本放置及替换策略可以采用该方法, 也并不排除采用其它的方法。
507: 将该协作缓存全局策略推送到域内各节点, 流程结束;
各节点根据协作缓存全局策略结合本地信息生成本地信息生成本地缓存策略, 并在后 续的业务流程中应用该缓存策略, 使域内每个节点贡献出来的一部分缓存资源相互协作形 成一个共享的虚拟缓存池。
上述步骤可分为四组: 步骤 501为第一组, 负责收集拓扑。 步骤 502、 503为第二组, 负责用户行为分析。 步骤 504、 505为第三组, 负责 TE-SS策略的计算、 推送和应用。 步骤 506、 507为第四组, 负责协作缓存全局策略的计算、 推送和应用。 每组步骤可以定期进行, 如定期搜集拓扑, 也可以有事件触发。 每组步骤可以根据部署需要进行裁减, 如可以单独 裁减掉第四组或第三组。 第一组与第二组之间, 以及第三组和第四组之间并无先后顺序, 本实施例中以先执行步骤 501为例。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案充分利用了先进的分布式计算、 优化分解理论; 通过构 建对内容感知、 存储、 路由、 分发的网络架构, 利用跨层的联合优化等技术, 解决了现有 基于主机模式的 Internet所面临的问题, 提供了一个基于分布式的, 可扩展性强, 高效率 的以内容存储 /分发为中心的新一代网络。
在本发明实施例的网络架构下, 内容并不是存储在某一个特定节点, 当客户端获取某 一内容时, 不会向某一个特定节点获取, 而是就近在本地缓存中查找该内容; 如果本地缓 存中没有该内容, 则在 DHT 中查找到内容标识对应的内容存放位置列表, 并在内容存放位 置列表中获取相应的目标节点以得到该内容。 采用本发明实施例所述的方法, 避免了当很 多客户端同时获取某一内容时所造成的网络拥堵; 同时还提高了内容分发效率; 从而减少 了对网络设备进行升级时造成的投资成本的浪费; 避免了黑客向同一节点发出大量内容请 求而造成的网络瘫痪, 提高了网络的安全性。
由于一个协作区域内的多个节点分布存储该协作区域的 DHT,而不是每个节点存储所有 的 DHT, 当内容爆炸式增长时, 缓解了每个节点的存储压力, 增加了节点的处理能力, 具有 分布式和可扩展性的特点。
由于将协作区域内各节点的存储能力组织起来构建一个互助的分布式缓存系统, 使获 取内容时不受限于单个节点的缓存, 提高了存储的扩展性; 通过应用当前的协作缓存全局 策略结合本地信息生成的本地缓存策略, 对本地缓存资源和协作缓存资源进行调度, 提高 了本协作区域整体的缓存命中率和内容分发效率。 通过根据当前的 TE-SS策略中的 SS策略在内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点, 再根据 当前的 TE-SS策略中的 TE策略进行动态优化选路, 能够保证用户客户端能够通过最优路径 从最优节点中获取内容。
由于采用具有聚合特性的结构化的名字空间, 使系统的扩展性大大提高。 实施例三
参见图 6, 本发明实施例提供了一种获取内容的节点 600, 该节点包括:
内容代理模块 601, 用于接收内容请求, 该内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识; 判 断该标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取该标识对应的内容; 否 则, 向内容获取模块 602转发该内容请求;
内容获取模块 602, 用于接收内容代理模块 601发送的内容请求, 根据所述标识查找名 字解析系统得到存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从目标节点中获取该标识对应的内 容。 名字解析系统包括多级 DHT和全局内容解析结构, 该全局内容解析结构支持名字聚合 和最长匹配查找。
其中, 参见图 7, 内容代理模块 601具体包括请求接收单元 601a, 还包括本地缓存查 找单元 601b和汇聚内容查找单元 601c中的至少一项, 其中:
请求接收单元 601a, 用于接收内容请求, 该内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识, 并向本地缓存查找单元 601b和汇聚内容查找单元 601c中的至少一项发送该内容请求; 本地缓存查找单元 601b, 用于接收请求接收单元 601a发送的内容请求, 判断标识对应 的内容是否存储在本地缓存中, 如果是, 从本地缓存中获取该内容; 否则向内容获取模块 602转发所述内容请求;
汇聚内容查找单元 601c, 用于接收请求接收单元 601a发送的所述内容请求, 判断本地 是否正在获取该标识对应的内容, 如果是, 则等待本地获取该内容后获取该标识对应的内 容; 否则向内容获取模块 602转发所述内容请求。
具体地, 参见图 8, 内容获取模块 602具体包括:
名字解析单元 602a, 用于接收内容代理模块 601发送的内容请求, 根据 DHT查找该标 识对应的内容存放位置列表, 并向内容路由单元 602b发送该内容存放位置列表;
内容路由单元 602b, 用于接收名字解析单元 602a发送的内容存放位置列表, 根据当前 流量工程 -服务器选择 TE-SS策略在该内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点, 从目标节点中获 取该标识对应的内容。
其中, 参见图 9, 名字解析单元 602a具体包括: 请求接收子单元 602al, 用于接收内容代理模块 601发送的内容请求;
查找子单元 602a2,用于在当前 DHT中查找是否存在该标识对应的解析记录,如果存在, 则获取该标识对应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表; 如果不存在, 且当前 DHT不是本 AS 内的最高级 DHT, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT中查找, 直至获取该标识对应的解析记录中的 内容存放位置列表;
发送子单元 602a3, 用于向内容路由单元 602b发送所述内容存放位置列表。
进一步地, 参见图 10, 名字解析单元 602a还包括:
注册子单元 602a4, 用于接收注册请求, 该注册请求至少包括内容的标识及该内容的位 置信息; 在当前 DHT 中查找是否存在该标识对应的解析记录, 如果存在, 则更新该标识对 应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表; 否则在当前 DHT 中增加包含该标识及内容的位置信 息的解析记录, 并判断当前 DHT是否为本 AS内的最高级 DHT, 如果不是, 则向本 AS内的上 一级 DHT注册; 如果是, 则向全局内容解析结构注册。
参见图 11, 本发明实施例提供的内容路由单元 602b具体包括:
接收子单元 602b l, 用于接收名字解析单元 602a发送的内容存放位置列表, 向选择子 单元 602b3发送该内容存放位置列表;
流量工程 -服务器选择 TE-SS策略获取子单元 602b2, 用于获取当前 TE-SS策略, 并向 选择子单元 602b3发送该当前 TE-SS策略;
选择子单元 602b3, 用于接收由接收子单元 602b 1 发送的内容存放位置列表和 TE-SS 策略获取子单元 602b2发送的当前 TE-SS策略, 根据当前 TE-SS策略从内容存放位置列表 中选择目标节点, 并向内容获取子单元 602b4发送目标节点的信息;
内容获取子单元 602b4, 用于接收选择子单元 602b3发送的目标节点的信息, 根据当前 TE-SS策略从目标节点中获取标识对应的内容。
同时, 内容获取模块 602具体用于:
如果当前 DHT中不存在标识对应的解析记录, 且当前 DHT是本 AS内的最高级 DHT, 则 从全局内容解析结构中查找该标识对应的内容归属的 AS ,从该 AS中的目标节点获取该标识 对应的内容。
进一步地, 本发明实施例提供的节点还包括存储业务模块 603, 用于获取协作缓存全局 策略和本地信息; 根据该协作缓存全局策略和本地信息得到本地缓存策略; 根据该本地缓 存策略对获取到的内容进行缓存。
更进一步地, 本发明实施例提供的节点还包括应用业务模块 604, 用于获取用户的内容 请求, 根据该内容请求得到用户请求摘要, 向全局导航设备 605发送该用户请求摘要。 除了以上模块, 本发明实施例提供的节点还包括全局导航设备 605, 该全局导航设备 605包括协作缓存控制器 605a和联合优化控制器 605b中的至少一项, 其中:
协作缓存控制器 605a, 用于获取应用业务模块 604发送的用户请求摘要; 根据该用户 请求摘要得到用户行为信息; 根据该用户行为信息得到协作缓存全局策略。 或者用于获取 网络流量的动态变化; 根据该网络流量的动态变化得到协作缓存全局策略。 或者用于获取 应用业务模块 604发送的用户请求摘要和网络流量的动态变化; 根据用户请求摘要得到用 户行为信息; 根据该用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到协作缓存全局策略。
联合优化控制器 605b, 用于获取网络流量的动态变化和应用业务模块 604发送的用户 请求摘要; 根据该用户请求摘要得到用户行为信息; 根据该用户行为信息和网络流量的动 态变化得到 TE-SS策略。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案充分利用了先进的分布式计算、 优化分解理论; 通过构 建对内容感知、 存储、 路由、 分发的网络架构, 利用跨层的联合优化等技术, 解决了现有 基于主机模式的 Internet所面临的问题, 提供了一个基于分布式的, 可扩展性强, 高效率 的以内容存储 /分发为中心的新一代网络。
在本发明实施例的网络架构下, 内容并不是存储在某一个特定节点, 当客户端获取某 一内容时, 不会向某一个特定节点获取, 而是就近在本地缓存中查找该内容; 如果本地缓 存中没有该内容, 则在 DHT 中查找到内容标识对应的内容存放位置列表, 并在内容存放位 置列表中获取相应的目标节点以得到该内容。 采用本发明实施例所述的方法, 避免了当很 多客户端同时获取某一内容时所造成的网络拥堵; 同时还提高了内容分发效率; 从而减少 了对网络设备进行升级时造成的投资成本的浪费; 避免了黑客向同一节点发出大量内容请 求而造成的网络瘫痪, 提高了网络的安全性。
由于一个协作区域内的多个节点分布存储该协作区域的 DHT,而不是每个节点存储所有 的 DHT,当内容爆炸式增长时,缓解了每个节点的存储压力,具有分布式和可扩展性的特点。
由于将协作区域内各节点的存储能力组织起来构建一个互助的分布式缓存系统, 使获 取内容时不受限于单个节点的缓存, 提高了存储的扩展性; 通过应用当前的协作缓存全局 策略结合本地信息生成的本地缓存策略, 对本地缓存资源和协作缓存资源进行调度, 提高 了本协作区域整体的缓存命中率和内容分发效率。
通过根据当前的 TE-SS策略中的 SS策略在内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点, 再根据 当前的 TE-SS策略中的 TE策略进行动态优化选路, 能够保证用户客户端能够通过最优路径 从最优节点中获取内容。
由于采用具有聚合特性的结构化的名字空间, 使系统的扩展性大大提高。 实施例四
本发明实施例提供了一种内容网络, 参见图 6, 该网络包括获取内容的节点 600和传输 网络 607 :
获取内容的节点 600, 用于接收内容请求, 该内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识; 判断该标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取该标识对应的内容; 否则, 根据该标识查找名字解析系统得到存放该标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从目标节点 中获取该标识对应的内容; 并通过传输网络 607将该标识对应的内容发送给客户端;
其中, 名字解析系统包括多级 DHT和全局内容解析结构, 该全局内容解析结构支持名 字聚合和最长匹配查找。
具体地, 获取内容的节点 600用于判断该标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果 是, 则从本地获取该标识对应的内容时, 具体用于判断该标识对应的内容是否存储在本地 的缓存中, 如果是, 从本地的缓存中获取该内容; 否则, 判断本地是否正在获取该标识对 应的内容, 如果是, 则等待本地获取该内容后获取该标识对应的内容。
获取内容的节点 600用于根据该标识查找名字解析系统得到存放该标识对应的内容的 目标节点时,具体用于根据多级 DHT查找该标识对应的内容存放位置列表,并根据当前 TE-SS 策略在该内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点。
获取内容的节点 600用于根据多级 DHT查找该标识对应的内容存放位置列表时, 具体 用于在本地所在的 DHT 中查找是否存在该标识对应的解析记录, 如果存在, 则获取该标识 对应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表; 如果当前 DHT 中不存在该标识对应的解析记录, 且当前 DHT不是本自治域 AS内的最高级 DHT, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT中查找, 直至获取 该标识对应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表。
获取内容的节点 600还用于接收注册请求, 该注册请求至少包括内容的标识及该内容 的位置信息; 在本地所在的 DHT 中查找是否存在该标识对应的解析记录, 如果存在, 则更 新该标识对应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表; 否则在该 DHT 中增加包含该标识及该内 容的位置信息的解析记录, 并判断当前 DHT是否为本自治域 AS内的最高级 DHT, 如果不是, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT注册; 如果是, 则向全局内容解析结构注册。
进一步地, 获取内容的节点 600用于根据当前 TE-SS策略在该内容存放位置列表中选 择目标节点时, 具体用于获取当前 TE-SS策略; 根据该当前 TE-SS策略从该内容存放位置 列表中选择目标节点;
获取内容的节点 600用于从目标节点中获取该标识对应的内容时, 具体用于根据该当 前 TE-SS策略从该目标节点中获取该标识对应的内容。
获取内容的节点 600用于根据该标识查找名字解析系统得到存放该标识对应的内容的 目标节点, 从该目标节点中获取该标识对应的内容时, 具体用于从全局内容解析结构中查 找该标识对应的内容归属的自治域 AS, 从该 AS中的目标节点获取该标识对应的内容。
获取内容的节点 600用于从该目标节点中获取该标识对应的内容之后, 还用于获取协 作缓存全局策略和本地信息; 根据该协作缓存全局策略和本地信息得到本地缓存策略; 根 据该本地缓存策略对该内容进行缓存。
另外, 获取内容的节点 600还用于获取用户的内容请求, 根据该内容请求得到用户请 求摘要, 向全局导航设备 605发送该用户请求摘要。
本发明实施例提供的获取内容的节点 600还包括全局导航设备 605。
该全局导航设备 605用于获取用户请求摘要; 根据该用户请求摘要得到用户行为信息; 根据该用户行为信息得到协作缓存全局策略。
或者, 该全局导航设备 605 用于获取网络流量的动态变化; 根据该网络流量的动态变 化得到协作缓存全局策略。
或者该全局导航设备 605 用于获取用户请求摘要和网络流量的动态变化; 根据用户请 求摘要得到用户行为信息; 根据该用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到协作缓存全局 策略。
或者该全局导航设备 605 用于获取网络流量的动态变化和用户请求摘要; 根据该用户 请求摘要得到用户行为信息; 根据该用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到 TE-SS策略。
该全局导航设备 605可以设置于获取内容的节点 600中或为一个独立设备。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案充分利用了先进的分布式计算、 优化分解理论; 通过构 建对内容感知、 存储、 路由、 分发的网络架构, 利用跨层的联合优化等技术, 解决了现有 基于主机模式的 Internet所面临的问题, 提供了一个基于分布式的, 可扩展性强, 高效率 的以内容存储 /分发为中心的新一代网络。
在本发明实施例的网络架构下, 内容并不是存储在某一个特定节点, 当客户端获取某 一内容时, 不会向某一个特定节点获取, 而是就近在本地缓存中查找该内容; 如果本地缓 存中没有该内容, 则在 DHT 中查找到内容标识对应的内容存放位置列表, 并在内容存放位 置列表中获取相应的目标节点以得到该内容。 采用本发明实施例所述的方法, 避免了当很 多客户端同时获取某一内容时所造成的网络拥堵; 同时还提高了内容分发效率; 从而减少 了对网络设备进行升级时造成的投资成本的浪费; 避免了黑客向同一节点发出大量内容请 求而造成的网络瘫痪, 提高了网络的安全性。 由于一个协作区域内的多个节点分布存储该协作区域的 DHT,而不是每个节点存储所有 的 DHT,当内容爆炸式增长时,缓解了每个节点的存储压力,具有分布式和可扩展性的特点。
由于将协作区域内各节点的存储能力组织起来构建一个互助的分布式缓存系统, 使获 取内容时不受限于单个节点的缓存, 实施例五
为了使本发明的实施过程更加清楚, 本发明实施例提供了一个详细的内容网络。 参见 图 6, 该内容网络包括: 获取内容的节点 600和传输网络 607。 该取内容的节点 600通过所 述传输网络 607将获取的内容发送给客户端。
其中, 获取内容的节点 600包括以下模块和单元:
1、 内容代理模块 601, 具体包括以下功能:
用户的接入管理: 包括用户附着管理及移动性的管理, 完成用户的认证、 策略管理、 位置标签的分配等工作。 作为用户和 C0NA网络之间的桥梁, 通过和其它节点的交互为用户 发布 /获取内容。 内容代理模块 601往往部署在网络的边缘, 如 DSLAM设备。
流的管理: 衔接各个功能模块, 形成对一个内容请求的完整处理过程。 用于接收内容 请求, 该内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识; 判断该标识对应的内容是否能够从本地 获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取该标识对应的内容。 否则向名字解析单元 602a查询内容所在 位置。 如果内容在本 AS内的其它节点, 则通过存储业务模块 603获取该内容, 如果存放或 缓存该内容的其它域 (则借助名字解析单元 602a 的全局内容解析结构), 则向这些域中的 边界节点发起内容请求; 获取内容后向所有内容请求者返回该内容。
其中,内容代理模块 601具体包括:本地缓存查找单元 601b和汇聚内容查找单元 601c。 其中,本地缓存查找单元 601b用于判断该标识对应的内容是否存储在本地缓存中,如果是, 从本地缓存中获取该内容; 汇聚内容查找单元 601c用于判断本地是否正在获取该标识对应 的内容, 如果是, 则等待本地获取该内容后获取该标识对应的内容。
汇聚内容请求: 通过设置正在获取内容信息表, 使得后续对同一内容的重复请求 (通 过内容名在该信息表中能够找到) 无需重复获取内容, 只需要等待前面的请求返回内容后 一并响应。 通过对内容请求的汇聚, 可以有效抵御 DDoS和 Flash Crowd的问题。
2、 名字解析单元 602a, 该单元是 C0NA中的核心单元, 用于根据 DHT查找标识对应的 内容存放位置列表。 具体包括以下功能:
支持多种工作模式: 在本协作区域或局域网内采用广播方式, 类似 ARP ( Address
Resolution Protocol , 地址解析协议) 协议; 在 AS或城域网内采用多级 DHT; 而跨 AS则 采用全局内容解析结构。
维护 DHT的基于关键字的路由表 (KBR, Key Based Routing): 主要包括对具有名字解 析功能的节点的发现和状态检测, 判断具有名字解析功能的节点是否添加到 DHT中, 对 KBR 的状态同步等功能。
构建多级 DHT: C0NA在每个 AS内或城域网内, 构建多级 DHT, 分别对应不同层次的基 础网络设施, 例如, DSLAM设备层, 以太网交换机层和边缘路由器层。
支持 DHT基本操作: 支持 DHT的写入、 查找等功能, 考虑到 DHT的对等体 (Peer) 是 由状态相对稳定的网络设备构成, 因此可以采用 1跳 (One-Hop) DHT查找。
其中, 名字解析单元 602a中支持 DHT写入的部分用于: 接收注册请求, 所述注册请求 至少包括注册内容的标识及注册内容的位置信息; 在当前 DHT 中查找是否存在该标识, 如 果存在, 则更新该标识对应的内容存放位置列表, 注册完成; 否则增加该标识及所述内容 的位置信息, 并判断当前 DHT是否为本 AS内的最高级 DHT, 如果不是, 则向本 AS内的上一 级 DHT注册; 如果是, 则向全局内容解析结构注册。
名字解析单元 602a中支持 DHT查找的部分用于: 在当前 DHT中查找是否存在所要请求 内容的标识, 如果存在, 则获取该标识对应的内容存放位置列表; 如果不存在, 且当前 DHT 不是本 AS内的最高级 DHT, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT中查找, 直至获取该标识对应的内容 存放位置列表; 如果当前 DHT中不存在该标识, 且当前 DHT是本 AS内的最高级 DHT, 则从 全局内容解析结构中查找该标识对应的内容归属的 AS,从该 AS中的目标节点获取该标识对 应的内容存放位置列表。
聚合特性和最长匹配查找: 全局内容解析结构中采用结构化的名字空间, 具有聚合特 性。 当一批内容的名字具有相同的前缀且发布在同一区域(如相同的 AS), 只需要用该名字 前 缀 在 全 局 内 容 解 析 结 构 中 发 布 一 条 记 录 即 可 。 例 如 , 内 容
"www. huawei. com/pic/pl. jpg,,、 、 "www. huawei. com/pic/pn. jpg"具有相同的前缀
"www. huawei. com/pic/", 且存放在同一个 AS下, 则在全局内容解析结构中可以聚合成一 个名字为 "ww. huawei. com/pic/" 的解析记录。 聚合特性使得全局内容解析结构的扩展性 大大提高。 同时全局内容解析结构还支持最长匹配查找。 如在全局内容解析结构中有来自 不同 AS 的两条角军析记录, 分另1 J为 "www. huawei. com/"禾口 "www. huawei. com/pic/", 贝 lj内 容 "www. huawei. com/pic/pl. jpg"在角军析时会找至 lj "www. huawei. com/pic/,,。
3、 内容路由单元 602b, 具体包括以下功能:
节点的逻辑拓扑管理: 主要通过节点的自动发现, 节点故障检测等功能, 完成节点之 间的逻辑拓扑管理。 动态优化选路: 为来自上层存储业务模块 603 的内容层消息进行动态优化选路, 根据 全局导航设备 605 下发的优化策略, 对请求中的目标节点进行选择, 确定每个目标节点的 传输需求比例, 并进一步通过传输引擎模块 606将传输需求映射到底层的传输网络 607。具 体地, 内容路由单元 602b用于根据当前流量工程 -服务器选择 TE-SS策略在内容存放位置 列表中选择目标节点; 从目标节点中获取所述标识对应的内容。 其中, 内容路由单元 602b 具体包括: 接收子单元 602b l, 用于接收名字解析单元 602a发送的内容存放位置列表, 流 量工程 -服务器选择 TE-SS策略获取子单元 602b2, 用于获取当前 TE-SS策略; 选择子单元 602b3, 用于根据所述当前 TE-SS策略从内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点; 内容获取子单 元 602b4, 用于根据该当前 TE-SS策略从目标节点中获取对应的内容。
内容的传输与交付: 通过传输引擎模块 606提供的接口, 完成内容在节点之间的传输。
4、 存储业务模块 603, 具体包括以下功能:
DHT索引存储:用于存储内容的元数据,包括内容存放位置列表,还可以包括数据签名, TTL等信息。
内容块存储: 用于内容块的永久存储和缓存。 其中缓存又可以分为两类: 本地缓存和 协作缓存。 本地缓存由本地的缓存替换算法来调度, 协作缓存是将协作区域内设备的存储 能力组织起来相互协作形成一个共享的虚拟缓存池, 以提高本协作区域的整体的缓存命中 率和内容分发效率。 它由全局导航设备 605 中相对集中的协作缓存控制器下发的协作缓存 全局策略结合本地信息得到的本地缓存策略来调度。 具体, 该存储业务模块用于获取协作 缓存全局策略; 根据该协作缓存全局策略和本地信息得到本地缓存策略; 根据该本地缓存 策略对获取到的内容进行缓存。
统一的存储服务接口: 封装了用于内容存储的基本语义, 隐藏了存储架构的细节, 为 其它模块和装置提供统一的内容存储服务接口。
5、 应用业务模块 604, 具体包括以下功能:
产生用户请求摘要: 协作区域内各节点的应用业务模块 604接收用户客户端发送的内 容请求, 根据该内容请求得到用户请求摘要, 其中, 用户客户端发送的内容请求包括: 需 要获取的内容的名称。 对该内容请求进行汇总, 例如, 对不同用户客户端发送的内容请求 进行分类, 对不同内容请求进行访问量的统计等, 得到用户请求摘要, 该用户请求摘要包 括但不限于内容的名称、 该协作区域的信息和访问量等, 并报告给全局导航设备 605。
6、 全局导航设备 605, 具体包括以下功能:
协作缓存控制器 605a: 用于获取用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化; 根据所述用户 行为信息和网络流量的动态变化中的至少一项得到协作缓存全局策略。 具体地, 它将域内 用户行为信息 (对内容的请求) 和网络流量的动态变化中的至少一项作为输入, 应用协作 缓存的方法得出每个域的协作缓存全局策略, 将该策略推送到域内节点, 应用到存储业务 模块 603, 将域内每个节点贡献出来的一部分缓存资源相互协作形成一个共享的虚拟缓存 池。
其中, 常用的协作缓存的方法是基于对内容流行度的统计预测建立起最小化网络传输 代价的优化问题模型, 通过启发式算法求解这一优化问题, 得到接近最优的副本放置、 替 换策略。 本发明实施例中, 协作缓存的副本放置及替换策略可以采用该方法, 也并不排除 采用其它的方法。
联合优化控制器 605b: 用于获取用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化; 根据所述用户 行为信息和网络流量的动态变化计算 TE-SS 策略。 具体地, 它将域内用户行为信息 (对内 容的请求) 和网络流量的动态变化作为输入, 利用优化分解理论, 定期计算 "TE-SS" 的策 略 (例如更改 IP路由), 然后将策略推送给域内的节点;
其中, TE-SS联合优化是一种利益合作博弈理论对 TE和 SS两个最优化问题实现合作博 弈, 既解决了网络流量的最优路由问题, 同时也解决了内容的高效分发问题, 从而获得了 系统性能的全局最优。一种典型的 TE-SS联合优化方法就是利用 NBS来建立 TE-SS的 C0ST。
COST利用对偶分解理论将初始的联合优化问题分解为两个类似于 TE和 SS的子优化问题和 一个主优化问题。 两个子问题之间通过共同的对偶变量相互关联, 而主问题则负责不断更 新关联的对偶变量, 最终使系统逼近最优解。 本发明实施例中, 联合优化可以采用 COST方 法, 也并不排除采用其它的方法, 本发明实施例对此不作具体限定。
具体地, 还包括用户行为分析: 对应用业务模块 604 上报的用户请求摘要进行分析, 输出的用户行为信息可反馈给联合优化控制器和协作缓存控制器, 也可以被其他应用程序 使用, 例如: 推荐。 其中:
用户行为分析 (User Profile Analysis ) 是指对用户的历史访问行为进行分析, 并基 于分析结果得到的用户行为信息预测用户对特定内容的访问偏好, 并根据对特定内容的访 问偏好得到用户的个人偏好。 例如, 经过对某一用户 A 的历史访问数据进行分析, 发现客 户 A偏好访问的内容为高尔夫、 篮球及体育新闻, 则用户 A的个人偏好为体育。
常用的预测方法有: 基于记忆的协同过滤 (Memory Based Collaborative Filtering) 和基于模型的协同过滤 (Model Based Collaborative Filtering)。 其中基于记忆的协同 过滤通过计算用户间的相似度以及其他用户对该内容的评价来预测用户对特定内容的访问 偏好。 基于模型的协同过滤首先对用户建立一个概率模型, 并基于用户的历史访问数据, 应用统计推断和贝叶斯学习的方法获得该用户的概率模型所对应的参数, 然后该用户模型 根据该参数对特定内容进行预测, 得到用户对特定内容的访问偏好。
本发明实施例不对用户行为分析的方法进行具体限定, 可以是基于记忆的协同过滤或 基于模型的协同过滤, 也并不排除采用其它的方法。
7、 传输引擎模块 606, 具体包括以下功能:
获取内容的节点 600与承载技术无关的传输控制工作: 如对获取内容的节点 600请求 消息的重传、 对获取内容的节点 600重复响应消息的丢弃、 对获取内容的节点 600接收到 的请求消息的流量控制等工作。
获取内容的节点 600到传输网络 607不同承载技术的适配:完成对不同承载技术如 IP, Ethernets MPLS Fiber或 Wireless的适配。 隐藏各种传输技术的差异而为获取内容的节 点 600提供统一的传输接口, 完成从内容到传输层报文或帧之间的分片、 重组、 重定序等 工作。
针对特定承载技术的优化: 如在城域网, 可以使 C0NA直接利用 Ethernet进行传输, 并针对 Ethernet的特点进行优化, 解决扩展性问题, 使 C0NA对网络的使用效率最高。
承载网的拓扑感知和传输路径的控制: 借助 BGP, IS-IS等协议的扩展完成对承载网拓 扑及流量信息的动态检测。 并通过对目标节点发送内容的传输路径的控制, 协助完成 TE-SS 策略的联合优化目标。
进一步地, 本发明实施例提供的内容网络还包括传输网络 607, 用于向内容网络提供一 个可以传输内容的平台。 本发明实施例不对传输网络 607 的形式进行具体限定, 包括但不 限于 IP, Ethernets (G) MPLS、 Fiber和 Wireless等。
上述内容代理模块 601、 名字解析单元 602a、 内容路由单元 602b、 存储业务模块 603、 应用业务模块 604、 全局导航设备 605和传输引擎模块 606, 为各自独立的物理设备, 或者 由他们形成的任意组合位于同一物理设备, 或者分别是一台物理设备上的独立进程, 或者 一起做为一台物理设备上的一个进程。
其中, 全局导航设备 605可设置于获取内容的节点 600中或为一个独立设备单独设置。 其中, 在一台物理设备上可以集成存储业务模块 603, 负责内容块和 DHT索引中至少一 项的存储, 在 C0NA中构成一个纯存储设备。
在一台物理设备上可以集成名字解析单元 602£1和存储业务模块 603(仅需要存储索引), 负责内容名字解析条目的存储和查询, 在 C0NA中构成一个纯名字解析设备。
上述模块和装置可以根据运营商的需要, 灵活组合, 构建不同的设备形态, 包括: 在实际部署中, 允许上述各种形态的模块或设备混合组网。 这使得组网更加灵活, 扩 展性更好。 如当业务处理能力不足时只需要增加一体化的业务交换设备的数量。 如只需要 扩展内容存储容量, 可以直接增加纯存储设备。 当需要提高名字解析系统的处理能力时, 可以直接增加纯名字解析设备。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案充分利用了先进的分布式计算、 优化分解理论; 通过构 建对内容感知、 存储、 路由、 分发的网络架构, 利用跨层的联合优化等技术, 解决了现有 基于主机模式的 Internet所面临的问题, 提供了一个基于分布式的, 可扩展性强, 高效率 的以内容存储 /分发为中心的新一代网络。
在本发明实施例的网络架构下, 内容并不是存储在某一个特定节点, 当客户端获取某 一内容时, 不会向某一个特定节点获取, 而是就近在本地缓存中查找该内容; 如果本地缓 存中没有该内容, 则在 DHT 中查找到内容标识对应的内容存放位置列表, 并在内容存放位 置列表中获取相应的目标节点以得到该内容。 采用本发明实施例所述的方法, 避免了当很 多客户端同时获取某一内容时所造成的网络拥堵; 同时还提高了内容分发效率; 从而减少 了对网络设备进行升级时造成的投资成本的浪费; 避免了黑客向同一节点发出大量内容请 求而造成的网络瘫痪, 提高了网络的安全性。
由于一个协作区域内的多个节点分布存储该协作区域的 DHT,而不是每个节点存储所有 的 DHT,当内容爆炸式增长时,缓解了每个节点的存储压力,具有分布式和可扩展性的特点。
由于将协作区域内各节点的存储能力组织起来构建一个互助的分布式缓存系统, 使获 取内容时不受限于单个节点的缓存, 提高了存储的扩展性; 通过应用当前的协作缓存全局 策略结合本地信息生成的本地缓存策略, 对本地缓存资源和协作缓存资源进行调度, 提高 了本协作区域整体的缓存命中率和内容分发效率。
通过根据当前的 TE-SS策略中的 SS策略在内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点, 再根据 当前的 TE-SS策略中的 TE策略进行动态优化选路, 能够保证用户客户端能够通过最优路径 从最优节点中获取内容。
由于采用具有聚合特性的结构化的名字空间, 使系统的扩展性大大提高。 需要说明的是: 上述实施例提供的获取内容的节点及内容网络在获取内容时, 仅以上 述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明, 实际应用中, 可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同 的功能模块完成, 即将获取内容的节点及内容网络的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块, 以 完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。 另外, 上述实施例提供的获取内容的节点及内容网络 与获取内容的方法实施例属于同一构思, 其具体实现过程详见方法实施例, 这里不再赘述。
上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述, 不代表实施例的优劣。
本发明实施例中的全部或部分步骤, 可以利用软件实现, 相应的软件程序可以存储在 可读取的存储介质中, 如光盘或硬盘等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和原则 之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种获取内容的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
接收内容请求, 所述内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识;
判断所述标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取所述标识对应的 内容; 否则,
根据所述标识查找名字解析系统得到存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从所述目标 节点中获取所述标识对应的内容;
其中, 所述名字解析系统包括多级分布式哈希表 DHT和全局内容解析结构, 所述全局内 容解析结构支持名字聚合和最长匹配查找。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述判断所述标识对应的内容是否能够从 本地获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取所述标识对应的内容, 包括:
判断所述标识对应的内容是否存储在本地的缓存中, 如果是, 从本地的缓存中获取所述 内容; 否则,
判断本地是否正在获取所述标识对应的内容, 如果是, 则等待本地获取所述内容后获取 所述标识对应的内容。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据所述标识查找名字解析系统得到 存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点, 包括:
根据多级分布式哈希表 DHT查找所述标识对应的内容存放位置列表, 并根据当前流量工 程 -服务器选择 TE-SS策略在所述内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据多级分布式哈希表 DHT查找所述 标识对应的内容存放位置列表, 包括:
在当前 DHT中查找是否存在所述标识对应的解析记录, 如果存在, 则获取所述标识对应 的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表;
如果不存在, 且当前 DHT不是本自治域 AS内的最高级 DHT, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT 中查找, 直至获取所述标识对应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表。
5、根据权利要求 3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据当前流量工程 -服务器选择 TE-SS 策略在所述内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点, 包括:
获取当前 TE-SS策略;
根据所述当前 TE-SS策略从所述内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点; 所述从所述目标节点中获取所述标识对应的内容, 包括:
根据所述当前 TE-SS策略从所述目标节点中获取所述标识对应的内容。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取当前 TE-SS策略之前, 还包括: 获取用户请求摘要和网络流量的动态变化;
根据所述用户请求摘要得到用户行为信息;
根据所述用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到 TE-SS策略。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据所述标识查找名字解析系统得到 存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从所述目标节点中获取所述标识对应的内容, 包括: 从全局内容解析结构中查找所述标识对应的内容归属的自治域 AS , 从所述 AS中的目标 节点获取所述标识对应的内容。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括:
接收注册请求, 所述注册请求至少包括内容的标识及所述内容的位置信息;
在当前 DHT中查找是否存在所述标识对应的解析记录, 如果存在, 则更新所述标识对应 的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表;
否则在所述 DHT中增加包含所述标识及所述内容的位置信息的解析记录,并判断当前 DHT 是否为本自治域 AS内的最高级 DHT, 如果不是, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT注册, 如果是, 则向全局内容解析结构注册。
9、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述从所述目标节点中获取所述标识对应 的内容之后, 还包括:
获取协作缓存全局策略和本地信息;
根据所述协作缓存全局策略和本地信息得到本地缓存策略;
根据所述本地缓存策略对所述内容进行缓存。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取协作缓存全局策略之前, 还包 括:
获取用户请求摘要;
根据所述用户请求摘要得到用户行为信息;
根据所述用户行为信息得到协作缓存全局策略。
11、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取协作缓存全局策略之前, 还包 根据所述网络流量的动态变化得到协作缓存全局策略。
12、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取协作缓存全局策略之前, 还包 括:
获取用户请求摘要和网络流量的动态变化;
根据所述用户请求摘要得到用户行为信息;
根据所述用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到协作缓存全局策略。
13、 根据权利要求 6或 10或 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取用户请求摘要, 包 括:
获取用户的内容请求, 根据所述内容请求得到用户请求摘要。
14、 一种获取内容的节点, 其特征在于, 所述节点包括:
内容代理模块, 用于接收内容请求, 所述内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识; 判断 所述标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取所述标识对应的内容; 否 贝 |J, 向内容获取模块转发所述内容请求;
内容获取模块, 用于接收所述内容代理模块发送的所述内容请求, 根据所述标识查找名 字解析系统得到存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从所述目标节点中获取所述标识对应 的内容;
其中, 所述名字解析系统包括多级分布式哈希表 DHT和全局内容解析结构, 所述全局内 容解析结构支持名字聚合和最长匹配查找。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述内容代理模块包括:
请求接收单元, 用于接收内容请求, 所述内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识, 并向 本地缓存查找单元发送所述内容请求;
本地缓存查找单元, 用于接收请求接收单元发送的所述内容请求, 判断所述标识对应的 内容是否存储在本地的缓存中, 如果是, 从本地的缓存中获取所述内容; 否则向汇聚内容查 找单元转发所述内容请求;
汇聚内容查找单元, 用于接收本地缓存查找单元发送的所述内容请求, 判断本地是否正 在获取所述标识对应的内容, 如果是, 则等待本地获取所述内容后获取所述标识对应的内容; 如果否, 则向内容获取模块转发所述内容请求。
16、 根据权利要求 14所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述内容获取模块包括:
名字解析单元, 用于接收所述内容代理模块发送的所述内容请求, 根据多级分布式哈希 表 DHT查找所述标识对应的内容存放位置列表, 并向内容路由单元发送所述内容存放位置列 表;
内容路由单元, 用于接收所述名字解析单元发送的所述内容存放位置列表, 根据当前流 量工程 -服务器选择 TE-SS策略在所述内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点,从所述目标节点中 获取所述标识对应的内容。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述名字解析单元包括:
请求接收子单元, 用于接收所述内容代理模块发送的所述内容请求;
查找子单元, 用于在当前 DHT中查找是否存在所述标识对应的解析记录, 如果存在, 则 获取所述标识对应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表; 如果不存在, 且当前 DHT不是本自治 域 AS内的最高级 DHT, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT中查找, 直至获取所述标识对应的解析记 录中的内容存放位置列表;
发送子单元, 用于向内容路由单元发送所述内容存放位置列表。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述名字解析单元还包括:
注册子单元, 用于接收注册请求, 所述注册请求至少包括内容的标识及所述内容的位置 信息; 在当前 DHT中查找是否存在所述标识对应的解析记录, 如果存在, 则更新所述标识对 应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表; 否则在所述 DHT中增加包含所述标识及所述内容的位 置信息的解析记录, 并判断当前 DHT是否为本自治域 AS内的最高级 DHT, 如果不是, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT注册; 如果是, 则向全局内容解析结构注册。
19、 根据权利要求 16所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述内容路由单元包括:
接收子单元, 用于接收所述名字解析单元发送的所述内容存放位置列表, 向所述选择子 单元发送所述内容存放位置列表;
流量工程 -服务器选择 TE-SS策略获取子单元, 用于获取当前 TE-SS策略, 并向选择子单 元发送所述当前 TE-SS策略;
选择子单元, 用于接收所述接收子单元发送的所述内容存放位置列表和所述 TE-SS策略 获取子单元发送的当前 TE-SS策略, 根据所述当前 TE-SS策略从所述内容存放位置列表中选 择目标节点, 并向内容获取子单元发送所述目标节点的信息;
内容获取子单元,用于接收所述选择子单元发送的目标节点的信息,根据所述当前 TE-SS 策略从所述目标节点中获取所述标识对应的内容。
20、根据权利要求 14所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述内容获取模块用于从全局内容解析 结构中查找所述标识对应的内容归属的自治域 AS, 从所述 AS中的目标节点获取所述标识对 应的内容。
21、 根据权利要求 14所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述节点还包括:
存储业务模块, 用于获取协作缓存全局策略和本地信息; 根据所述协作缓存全局策略和 本地信息得到本地缓存策略; 根据所述本地缓存策略对所述内容进行缓存。
22、 根据权利要求 14所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述节点还包括:
应用业务模块, 用于获取用户的内容请求, 根据所述内容请求得到用户请求摘要, 向全 局导航设备发送所述用户请求摘要。
23、 根据权利要求 14所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述节点还包括:
全局导航设备, 所述全局导航设备包括协作缓存控制器, 用于获取应用业务模块发送的 用户请求摘要; 根据所述用户请求摘要得到用户行为信息; 根据所述用户行为信息得到协作 缓存全局策略。
24、 根据权利要求 14所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述节点还包括:
全局导航设备, 所述全局导航设备包括协作缓存控制器, 用于获取网络流量的动态变化; 根据所述网络流量的动态变化得到协作缓存全局策略。
25、 根据权利要求 14所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述节点还包括:
全局导航设备, 所述全局导航设备包括协作缓存控制器, 用于获取应用业务模块发送的 用户请求摘要和网络流量的动态变化; 根据所述用户请求摘要得到用户行为信息; 根据所述 用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到协作缓存全局策略。
26、 根据权利要求 14所述的节点, 其特征在于, 所述节点还包括:
全局导航设备, 所述全局导航设备包括联合优化控制器, 用于获取网络流量的动态变化 和应用业务模块发送的用户请求摘要; 根据所述用户请求摘要得到用户行为信息; 根据所述 用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到 TE-SS策略。
27 种内容网络, 其特征在于, 所述网络包括获取内容的节点和传输网络; 所述获取内容的节点, 用于接收内容请求, 所述内容请求至少包括所要请求内容的标识; 判断所述标识对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取所述标识对应的内容; 否则, 根据所述标识查找名字解析系统得到存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从所述目 标节点中获取所述标识对应的内容; 并通过所述传输网络将所述标识对应的内容发送给客户 其中, 所述名字解析系统包括多级分布式哈希表 DHT和全局内容解析结构, 所述全局内 容解析结构支持名字聚合和最长匹配查找。
28、根据权利要求 27所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点用于判断所述标识 对应的内容是否能够从本地获取, 如果是, 则从本地获取所述标识对应的内容时, 具体用于 判断所述标识对应的内容是否存储在本地的缓存中, 如果是, 从本地的缓存中获取所述内容; 否则, 判断本地是否正在获取所述标识对应的内容, 如果是, 则等待本地获取所述内容后获 取所述标识对应的内容。
29、根据权利要求 27所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点用于根据所述标识 查找名字解析系统得到存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点时, 具体用于根据多级分布式哈 希表 DHT查找所述标识对应的内容存放位置列表,并根据当前流量工程 -服务器选择 TE-SS策 略在所述内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点。
30、根据权利要求 29所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点用于根据多级分布 式哈希表 DHT查找所述标识对应的内容存放位置列表时, 具体用于在当前 DHT中查找是否存 在所述标识对应的解析记录, 如果存在, 则获取所述标识对应的解析记录中的内容存放位置 列表; 如果不存在, 且当前 DHT不是本自治域 AS内的最高级 DHT, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT 中查找, 直至获取所述标识对应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列表。
31、根据权利要求 27所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点还用于接收注册请 求, 所述注册请求至少包括内容的标识及所述内容的位置信息; 在当前 DHT中查找是否存在 所述标识对应的解析记录, 如果存在, 则更新所述标识对应的解析记录中的内容存放位置列 表;否则在所述 DHT中增加包含所述标识及所述内容的位置信息的解析记录,并判断当前 DHT 是否为本自治域 AS内的最高级 DHT, 如果不是, 则向本 AS内的上一级 DHT注册; 如果是, 则向全局内容解析结构注册。
32、根据权利要求 29所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点用于根据当前流量 工程 -服务器选择 TE-SS策略在所述内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点时,具体用于获取当前 TE-SS策略; 根据所述当前 TE-SS策略从所述内容存放位置列表中选择目标节点;
所述获取内容的节点用于从所述目标节点中获取所述标识对应的内容时, 具体用于根据 所述当前 TE-SS策略从所述目标节点中获取所述标识对应的内容。
33、根据权利要求 27所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点用于根据所述标识 查找名字解析系统得到存放所述标识对应的内容的目标节点, 从所述目标节点中获取所述标 识对应的内容时,具体用于从全局内容解析结构中查找所述标识对应的内容归属的自治域 AS , 从所述 AS中的目标节点获取所述标识对应的内容。
34、根据权利要求 27所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点用于从所述目标节 点中获取所述标识对应的内容之后, 还用于获取协作缓存全局策略和本地信息; 根据所述协 作缓存全局策略和本地信息得到本地缓存策略;根据所述本地缓存策略对所述内容进行缓存。
35、根据权利要求 27所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点还用于获取用户的 内容请求, 根据所述内容请求得到用户请求摘要, 向全局导航设备发送所述用户请求摘要。
36、 根据权利要求 27所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点还包括: 全局导航设备, 用于获取用户请求摘要; 根据所述用户请求摘要得到用户行为信息; 根 据所述用户行为信息得到协作缓存全局策略。
37、 根据权利要求 27所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点还包括: 全局导航设备, 用于获取网络流量的动态变化; 根据所述网络流量的动态变化得到协作 缓存全局策略。
38、 根据权利要求 27所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点还包括: 全局导航设备, 用于获取用户请求摘要和网络流量的动态变化; 根据所述用户请求摘要 得到用户行为信息; 根据所述用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到协作缓存全局策略。
39、 根据权利要求 27所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述获取内容的节点还包括: 全局导航设备, 用于获取网络流量的动态变化和用户请求摘要; 根据所述用户请求摘要 得到用户行为信息; 根据所述用户行为信息和网络流量的动态变化得到 TE-SS策略。
40、 根据权利要求 36至 39所述的网络, 其特征在于, 所述全局导航设备设置于所述获 取内容的节点或为一个独立设备。
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