WO2011145913A1 - Device for cooling the bottom of recently molded plastic bottles - Google Patents

Device for cooling the bottom of recently molded plastic bottles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011145913A1
WO2011145913A1 PCT/MX2010/000045 MX2010000045W WO2011145913A1 WO 2011145913 A1 WO2011145913 A1 WO 2011145913A1 MX 2010000045 W MX2010000045 W MX 2010000045W WO 2011145913 A1 WO2011145913 A1 WO 2011145913A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
equipment
bottles
water
bottle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2010/000045
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fernando CORTÉS BOTELLO
Original Assignee
Cortes Botello Fernando
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cortes Botello Fernando filed Critical Cortes Botello Fernando
Priority to PCT/MX2010/000045 priority Critical patent/WO2011145913A1/en
Priority to MX2012013557A priority patent/MX348519B/en
Publication of WO2011145913A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011145913A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/16—Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/16—Cooling
    • B29C2035/1616—Cooling using liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
    • B29C49/6604—Thermal conditioning of the blown article
    • B29C2049/6606—Cooling the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
    • B29C49/6604—Thermal conditioning of the blown article
    • B29C2049/6606—Cooling the article
    • B29C2049/6676—Cooling the article the medium being oriented towards special areas of the blown article
    • B29C2049/6692—Bottom area

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the equipment for cooling freshly molded plastic bottles, and in particular, it relates to equipment in which the cooling is carried out by spraying water from the outside of the petaloid-shaped area at the bottom of the bottle , in order to control the crystallization of the material in said area, immediately at the exit of the molding equipment.
  • Proper cooling of molded articles is a very critical aspect of the blow molding process because it affects the quality of the article and impacts the entire duration of the injection cycle. This becomes more critical in applications where semi-crystalline resins are used, such as injection molding of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) articles.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • conventional molding systems after injection the resin remains in the space of the mold cavity, which is it makes it cool by means of the circulation of cooling fluid through its walls, to cool for a sufficient period of time to prevent the formation of crystalline portions and allow the molded article to solidify before being ejected.
  • the second effect is that the preform will be too soft and then it can be deformed during the following handling stages; another critical area of a preform is the finished neck portion that in many cases has a thicker wall and therefore retains more heat than the other portions; this neck portion needs aggressive post-molding cooling to prevent its crystallization; aggressive cooling tends to make the neck solid enough to withstand subsequent manipulations.
  • the petaloid bottom has a complex structure that allows it to remain stable and resist internal pressure.
  • the distribution of the wall thickness for example of a conventional 1.5 liter bottle, is such that in its central part it is thicker than in the leg portion and the valley portion, being more than 2mm.
  • the central part of the bottom is required to be thick, since if it is thin, it lacks sufficient mechanical strength for its handling and induces the capricious rupture of the bottom due to the high temperatures and pressures after filling the bottle.
  • the blowing time was set to more than 4 seconds to cool the central part for blow molding to a certain temperature.
  • a characteristic temperature curve in this process shows that in favor of preventing deformation of the central part and cooling it below the glass transition point, the blowing time should be more than 4 seconds.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,592,719 (Bellehache et al, 1986) describes an injection molding method for manufacturing PET preforms where the preforms are removed from the injection cores by a first mobile device comprising vacuum holding devices. the preforms and also comprise air absorption cooling (convection) on the outer surface of the preform. A second cooling device is used in conjunction with a second mobile device for additional cooling of the interior of the preforms also by air absorption.
  • the problems with this alternative are that it offers less cooling efficiency, less uniformity, longer time Cooling and high deformation potential of the preform.
  • the Iizuka patent describes a molding method and an apparatus for cooling pressure resistant synthetic resin bottles, having a petaloid type bottom, where the complete production cycle takes no more than 3 seconds, after which the bottle is ejected from the mold; the temperature of the bottom portion does not increase to more than 70 ° C, which supplements the capacity of cooling of the mold towards the bottom portion. This prevents irregular deformation of the central part, making the bottom portion acquire resistance to high pressure and mechanics to prevent breakage.
  • the apparatus includes a preform template with a mold face with a projection in its central part of height similar to the height of the central part of a bottom mold of the bottle, a nozzle for launching a jet of cooling air in that central bottom part while the template keeps the bottle in position, and a nozzle capable of being introduced into the bottle to blow air over the upper surface of the bottom portion.
  • blowing machines with a device that includes a nozzle or tube to send a continuous stream of water from the cooling system of the molds that touches the bottom of the bottle in order to cool it, this device is known as a fogger mainly installed on Sidel machines.
  • blowing machines are constituted by a tube that varies in its length that has perforations to everything length of the tube that launches water jets in different directions and heights and that are constantly varying so that the results are not maintained and do not reach the 30 minutes that the companies have as their objective.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic drawing of a preferred embodiment of the equipment of the invention, which best illustrates the three main sections of the equipment: dry section, wet section and base, and shows the arrangement of its parts.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic elevation drawing of the preferred embodiment of the equipment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of the preferred embodiment of the equipment of the invention in side perspective where other components of the invention are shown as well as its configuration.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the manifold with spray nozzles, relative to a bottle, in the wet section of the equipment.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the air blades of the equipment of the invention, relative to a bottle, in the dry section.
  • the present invention relates to an equipment for cooling the petaloid base of freshly manufactured PET bottles, by means of a spray of directed cooling water and subsequent drying by means of air currents; said equipment is located immediately at the exit of a bottle blowing machine and takes advantage of the conveyor that removes the bottles of said equipment.
  • the equipment is adaptable to various cooling requirements, allowing its use with different bottle molding equipment.
  • the equipment has means to adjust the cooling and drying elements which are mounted on a metal frame which in turn is supported by a system that can be mechanical or pneumatic and has devices that allow heights determined by differences in the heights of the bottles;
  • This system allows quick height adjustment to offer a optimum cooling of the base of the bottles, allowing to adjust, among other parameters, the distance between the spray nozzles of cooling water and the bottom of the bottles and it is also possible to take advantage of the available services of the existing molding installation , such as cooling water or compressed air from the recovery or waste line that the blowing machine no longer uses, that is, discards.
  • the cooling and drying process is automatic and starts by detecting, by means of a photosensor, the presence of the first PET bottle from the molding equipment on the conveyor, this photosensor sends a signal to open the solenoid valves that allow water to pass through a pressure regulating valve to supply the water regulated in the range of 20 to 30 psi and temperature may vary within the range from 9 or pressure and 13 ° C .
  • the cooling water from an external water cooler is fed to a heat exchanger installed inside the equipment tank and from there it is fed to a manifold or manifold, that is, a tube that is located along a first section of the team denominated "wet section" and that is located directly below and aligned with the transport line of the bottles, with a plurality of nozzles aligned and distributed equidistant by its length, preferably at a distance of 6 cms. among them, which direct a fan of cooling water to the base of the bottles.
  • a manifold or manifold that is, a tube that is located along a first section of the team denominated "wet section" and that is located directly below and aligned with the transport line of the bottles, with a plurality of nozzles aligned and distributed equidistant by its length, preferably at a distance of 6 cms. among them, which direct a fan of cooling water to the base of the bottles.
  • This manifold allows to distribute the water and maintain the regulated pressure so that it passes through the connections of 45 ° nozzles that direct the water in relation to the manifold to prevent the water from wetting the body of the PET bottle above the height of start of the label; (There is the alternative of using 0 ° to 180 ° connections to direct the water fan to the inlet or outlet of the bottle as required by some customer's equipment), the spray nozzles, selected from thousands existing in the market by the projected rectangular area formed by the width and openness of the fan, the expense, form a fan of cooling water, and together, they form a strip of water of a width of 2.5 centimeters so that the bottles get wet in shape continue the petaloid bottom of the bottle including the injection point of the preform to cause thermal shock at the bottom of the PET bottle and to increase your resistance and thus increase the stress test time; once the water has had contact with the bottom of the bottle, it drains, it is collected in the tank of the wet section of the equipment and it is recirculated.
  • the loss of water in the process is limited to the drops of water that remain stuck in the bottles after the water removal process, and the evaporation loss considered negligible.
  • the manifold is suspended in a metal frame which is supported by a system that has devices that allow you to adjust certain heights of the manifold to the bottom of the bottle allowing you to adjust the height of the water fan and the air blades with respect to the different heights of the bottles
  • the air blades are mounted on skates that allow the blades to be adjusted to the diameter of the bottles depending on their size.
  • the PET bottle bottom cooler, object of the present invention is an automatic system for spraying a cooling liquid, cold water, to the center of the petaloid bottom of the bottle at the exit of the machine. blown, in order to modify the molecular structure of the plastic and produce an improvement in the properties of impact resistance.
  • the equipment of the invention (100) as shown in Figure 1 is a compact device designed to be placed at the exit of a production machine for PET plastic bottles (not illustrated here), just below the bottle conveyor newly manufactured, being composed of three main areas:
  • a "wet section” (101), where the bottom of the freshly molded bottles is cooled by means of a spray of water;
  • a "dry section” (102), where by means of a pneumatic system for the handling and control of air, either compressed, recovery or waste of the blowing machine, where the water that adheres to the air is removed bottle in the cooling process;
  • the equipment includes electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic elements for its operation, and for being in constant contact with water, the materials of the Most of its components are stainless steel, polypropylene, bronze and Teflon.
  • the electrical system of the equipment includes a control panel (105), with switches (106) associated to the power lines for the operation of a motor of a centrifugal motor pump (107), a solenoid solenoid valve for compressed air control (108) , a photocell or photosensor (110), a stopwatch or timer (not shown).
  • a control panel 105
  • switches 106 associated to the power lines for the operation of a motor of a centrifugal motor pump (107), a solenoid solenoid valve for compressed air control (108) , a photocell or photosensor (110), a stopwatch or timer (not shown).
  • control for the lifting system 111
  • control for the pump (112) and the control for compressed air 113.
  • the hydraulic system is composed of a plurality of valves preferably of the type of ball valves (114), for the control of the water passage, a pressure regulating valve (115) of 3-44 pounds per square inch for the control of the expense of pressure water, pressure gauges (116) and (117), a solenoid solenoid valve for water control (109), manifold or manifold (118) with spray nozzles (119), a level control (120), a centrifugal motor pump (107) and pipe.
  • a plurality of valves preferably of the type of ball valves (114), for the control of the water passage, a pressure regulating valve (115) of 3-44 pounds per square inch for the control of the expense of pressure water, pressure gauges (116) and (117), a solenoid solenoid valve for water control (109), manifold or manifold (118) with spray nozzles (119), a level control (120), a centrifugal motor pump (107) and pipe.
  • FIG 1 shows schematically said hydraulic system, starting in a heat exchanger (121), with an inlet (122) and an outlet (123) of cooling water from an external source, to condition the cooling water of the equipment of the invention at a temperature in the range of 9 to 13 ° C said cooling water, once conditioned in the heat exchanger cooler (121), as shown in Figure 2, passes through a ball valve (114) towards the pressure regulating valve (115) with two pressure gauges (116) and (117) that measure the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure, to measure the pressure in pounds per square inch at the inlet and outlet of the pressure regulating valve (115), these pressure gauges preferably have a rear connection, made of stainless steel and with the cover flooded in glycerin.
  • the water passes through the solenoid solenoid valve (109) which allows or prevents the passage of water as required by the presence or absence of the bottle (124) in the wet section of the equipment (101), as shown in Figure 1, the entrance to the equipment of a first bottle of a plurality from the molding equipment, by the photosensor (110).
  • the manifold or manifold (118) is preferably made of stainless steel and includes a support as a frame (125) of stainless steel mounted on a lifting system (126) with devices with certain heights that allows height adjustments of the water fan ( 127), as shown in Figure 4, produced by the plurality of nozzles as required by the different heights of the containers.
  • Figures 1 and 3 schematically illustrate the location of the manifold (118) in the wet section (101) of the equipment (100), in a line coinciding with the trajectory of the conveyor of the newly manufactured bottles in the molding equipment.
  • Figure 4 shows in greater detail that the outlet of the nozzles (119) forms an angle of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal which is the manifold (118) in the flow direction of the cooling water. This inclination allows to maintain a fan of cooling water (127) directed to the base of the bottles suspended on the manifold (118), preventing the water from wetting the bottles above a height determined by the outlet pressure of the water through the nozzles (119).
  • a plurality of threaded outputs or "copies” (129) are shown, which are placed in line, keeping an equidistant relationship between them for the assembly of 45 ° positioning connections preferably manufactured in stainless steel, to direct and control the water and prevent the water from going perpendicular to the manifold (118) vertically upwards in the direction of the bottles suspended, causing wetting of unwanted places, for example, the walls of the bottle above the bottom line of label.
  • preferably between 10 and 15 of these outputs are sufficient to achieve the desired cooling in the bases of the bottles.
  • the use of 0 or -180 ° connections is used for when some equipment does not allow the use of spikes at 45 °, the orientation degrees of the fan are measured with respect to the horizontal.
  • the pneumatic system for handling and controlling compressed air starts when the photocell or photosensor (110) in Figure 1 detects the presence of the first bottle of a series of bottles that are being transported from the output of the molding equipment , and emits a signal to a solenoid solenoid valve (108) that controls the passage of air to air blades (130), as shown in Figure 5, located in the dry section (102) of the equipment of the invention (100 ) and which are preferably made of stainless steel.
  • two pairs of blades (130) are placed, facing each other, on each side of the bottle (124) equidistant between the transit space of the bottles (124) being transported through the team (100);
  • These blades (130) are mounted on skates (131) that allow their approach or removal of the diameter of the bottle which slide on a metal frame (125) which is supported by a lifting system (126) that has devices that allow to have heights determined by what they are placed at an inclination such, with respect to the horizontal of the bottle, that the blades (130) form an inclined air curtain that will emit an air line and that together with others in stepped form , they will form a curtain for the drops of water deposited on the surface of the bottle (124) in the wet section (101), such that when the drops come into contact with the air curtain they move down until they reach the Bottom of the bottle (124) and then detach from it.
  • the photosensor (110) detects the absence of bottles and sends a signal to a timer (not shown) integrated to the PLC (132) of the equipment, which is the electronic part where the programming of the functions and sequence of operation of the equipment is done and where a sufficient time count is initiated for the last bottle to pass through all the spray nozzles of the equipment and finish its cooling process and dried

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the controlled cooling of the petaloid bottom of recently molded PET bottles, where the area is cooled by spraying cooling water at the center of the petaloid bottom from a series of nozzles on a head located under the conveyor belt exiting the bottle molding device, the bottles hanging from their necks as they move through a first so-called wet section of the device, followed by the removal of water by means of an air curtain in a second so-called dry section. The device comprises bottle detection elements that start/stop the operation of fluid control solenoid valves (cooling water and air) and a means for recirculating cooling water and a means for changing the position of the cooling and drying elements to suit the conditions of the series of bottles at the molding device exit.

Description

EQUIPO ENFRIADOR DE FONDO DE BOTELLAS PLÁSTICAS RECIÉN  NEWLY PLASTIC BOTTLE BACKGROUND COOLING EQUIPMENT
MOLDEADAS  MOLDED
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se relaciona con los equipos para el enfriamiento de botellas plásticas recién moldeadas, y en particular, se refiere a un equipo en que el enfriamiento se realiza por rociado con agua del exterior de la zona de forma petaloide en el fondo de la botella, a fin de controlar la cristalización del material en dicha zona, inmediatamente a la salida del equipo de moldeo. ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN The present invention relates to the equipment for cooling freshly molded plastic bottles, and in particular, it relates to equipment in which the cooling is carried out by spraying water from the outside of the petaloid-shaped area at the bottom of the bottle , in order to control the crystallization of the material in said area, immediately at the exit of the molding equipment. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El enfriamiento apropiado de los artículos moldeados es un aspecto muy crítico del proceso de moldeo por soplado debido a que afecta la calidad del artículo e impacta en la duración completa del ciclo de inyección. Esto se hace mas crítico en aplicaciones donde se usan resinas semicristalinas , tales como el moldeo por inyección de artículos de polietilén tereftalato (PET) . En los sistemas de moldeo convencionales, después de la inyección la resina permanece en el espacio de la cavidad del molde, que se hace enfriar por medio de la circulación de fluido enfriador por sus paredes, para enfriar por un periodo de tiempo suficiente para impedir la formación de porciones cristalinas y permitir que el articulo moldeado solidifique antes de ser expulsado. Proper cooling of molded articles is a very critical aspect of the blow molding process because it affects the quality of the article and impacts the entire duration of the injection cycle. This becomes more critical in applications where semi-crystalline resins are used, such as injection molding of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) articles. In conventional molding systems, after injection the resin remains in the space of the mold cavity, which is it makes it cool by means of the circulation of cooling fluid through its walls, to cool for a sufficient period of time to prevent the formation of crystalline portions and allow the molded article to solidify before being ejected.
En la patente de los Estados Unidos No. 6,957,954 (Neter et al, ) se describe que cuando una preforma se expulsa rápidamente de un molde para reducir la duración del ciclo del proceso de inyección, ocurren típicamente dos efectos: El primero es que la preforma no se enfría uniformemente, y en la mayoría de las ocasiones, la porción de fondo se cristaliza; la cantidad de calor acumulada en las paredes de la preforma durante el proceso de inyección se mantendrá lo suficientemente alta como para inducir la cristalinidad post-moldeo del área de entrada del molde, que es un punto muy crítico debido a que el enfriamiento de dicha porción no es suficientemente efectivo y porque la resina en el espacio de la cavidad de molde aún está en contacto con la varilla de la boquilla de inyección; si esta área de una preforma permanece cristalina por encima de una cierta medida y profundidad, disminuirá la calidad del producto moldeado. El segundo efecto es qüe la preforma será demasiado suave y entonces puede ser deformada durante las siguientes etapas de manejo; otra área crítica de una preforma es la porción de cuello terminada que en muchos casos tiene una pared más gruesa y por tanto retiene más calor que las otras porciones; esta porción de cuello necesita un enfriamiento post-moldeo agresivo para impedir su cristalización; el enfriamiento agresivo tiende a hacer que el cuello sea suficientemente sólido para soportar las manipulaciones posteriores. In US Patent No. 6,957,954 (Neter et al,) it is described that when a preform is rapidly ejected from a mold to reduce the duration of the injection process cycle, two effects typically occur: The first is that the preform it does not cool evenly, and in most cases, the bottom portion crystallizes; the amount of heat accumulated in the walls of the preform during the injection process will remain high enough to induce post-molding crystallinity of the mold inlet area, which is a very critical point because the cooling of said portion it is not effective enough and because the resin in the mold cavity space is still in contact with the injection nozzle rod; if this area of a preform remains crystalline above a certain extent and depth, the quality of the molded product will decrease. The second effect is that the preform will be too soft and then it can be deformed during the following handling stages; another critical area of a preform is the finished neck portion that in many cases has a thicker wall and therefore retains more heat than the other portions; this neck portion needs aggressive post-molding cooling to prevent its crystallization; aggressive cooling tends to make the neck solid enough to withstand subsequent manipulations.
En el campo de la industria de los contenedores y en especial del de botellas, entre las botellas de PET estiradas biaxialmente, han sido cada vez más ampliamente usadas aquellas con fondo de forma petaloide, que se componen de un solo cuerpo de botella que tiene una función de auto estabilidad, en lugar de aquellas del arte previo compuestas por un cuerpo con fondo circular. In the field of the container industry and especially the bottle industry, among the biaxially stretched PET bottles, those with a petaloid-shaped bottom, which are made up of a single bottle body that has a single bottle body, have become increasingly widely used. function of self stability, instead of those of the prior art composed of a body with circular bottom.
El fondo tipo petaloide tiene una estructura compleja que le permite mantenerse estable y resistir la presión interna. La distribución del espesor de pared, por ejemplo de una botella convencional de 1.5 litros, es tal que en su parte central es más gruesa que en la porción de pierna y la porción de valle, siendo de más de 2mm. La parte central del fondo se requiere que sea grueso, ya que si es delgado, carece de la resistencia mecánica suficiente para su manejo e induce la ruptura caprichosa del fondo debido a las altas temperaturas y presiones posteriores al llenado de la botella. Para impedir la deformación de la parte central, en el pasado, el tiempo de soplado se establecía en más de 4 segundos para enfriar la parte central para un moldeo por soplado a una cierta temperatura. Una curva característica de temperatura en este proceso muestra que en favor de impedir la deformación de la parte central y enfriarla por debajo del punto de transición de vidrio, el tiempo de soplado debe ser de más de 4 segundos. The petaloid bottom has a complex structure that allows it to remain stable and resist internal pressure. The distribution of the wall thickness, for example of a conventional 1.5 liter bottle, is such that in its central part it is thicker than in the leg portion and the valley portion, being more than 2mm. The central part of the bottom is required to be thick, since if it is thin, it lacks sufficient mechanical strength for its handling and induces the capricious rupture of the bottom due to the high temperatures and pressures after filling the bottle. To prevent deformation of the central part, in the past, the blowing time was set to more than 4 seconds to cool the central part for blow molding to a certain temperature. A characteristic temperature curve in this process shows that in favor of preventing deformation of the central part and cooling it below the glass transition point, the blowing time should be more than 4 seconds.
Iizuka et al, describen en la patente de los Estados Unidos No. 5,851,478 que para incrementar la productividad se ha presentado una serie de ideas tales como el incremento de la capacidad de enfriamiento del molde de soplado o hacer una pared de molde más delgada, afectando con ello al agente de enfriamiento en la cara del molde. Iizuka et al, describe in US Patent No. 5,851,478 that to increase productivity a series of ideas have been presented such as increasing the cooling capacity of the blow mold or making a thinner mold wall, affecting thereby the cooling agent on the face of the mold.
Se han propuesto diversas alternativas para mejorar la eficiencia de enfriamiento en sistemas de moldeo por inyección de PET, si bien no han resultado en mejoras significativas en la calidad de los artículos formados o en una reducción sustancial de la duración del ciclo. Por ejemplo, la patente de los Estados Unidos No. 4,382,905 (Valyi, 1983) describe un método de moldeo donde una preforma moldeada se transfiere a un primer molde de templado y luego a una segunda etapa de templado para una etapa de enfriamiento final; ambos moldes de templado son similares al moldeo por inyección y tienen medios internos para el enfriamiento de sus paredes que tienen contacto con la forma durante el proceso de enfriamiento. Valyi no describe la provisión de dispositivos de enfriamiento localizados en los medios de transferencia de las formas desde el área de moldeo o dispositivos de enfriamiento adicional que circulen un fluido enfriador dentro del parisón. Various alternatives have been proposed to improve the cooling efficiency in PET injection molding systems, although they have not resulted in significant improvements in the quality of the formed articles or in a substantial reduction in the cycle time. For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,382,905 (Valyi, 1983) describes a molding method where a molded preform is transferred to a first mold of tempering and then to a second tempering stage for a final cooling stage; Both tempering molds are similar to injection molding and have internal means for cooling their walls that have contact with the shape during the cooling process. Valyi does not describe the provision of cooling devices located in the means for transferring the forms from the molding area or additional cooling devices that circulate a cooling fluid within the parison.
La patente de los Estados Unidos No. 4,592,719 (Bellehache et al, 1986) describe un método de moldeo por inyección para fabricar preformas de PET donde las preformas se remueven de los núcleos de inyección por un primer dispositivo móvil que comprende dispositivos de vacio para sostener las preformas y comprenden también enfriamiento por absorción de aire (convección) sobre la superficie exterior de la preforma. Se emplea un segundo dispositivo de enfriamiento en conjunción con un segundo dispositivo móvil para un enfriamiento adicional del interior de las preformas también por absorción de aire. Los problemas con esta alternativa son que ofrece una menor eficiencia de enfriamiento, menos uniformidad, mayor tiempo de enfriamiento y un alto potencial de deformación de la preforma. U.S. Patent No. 4,592,719 (Bellehache et al, 1986) describes an injection molding method for manufacturing PET preforms where the preforms are removed from the injection cores by a first mobile device comprising vacuum holding devices. the preforms and also comprise air absorption cooling (convection) on the outer surface of the preform. A second cooling device is used in conjunction with a second mobile device for additional cooling of the interior of the preforms also by air absorption. The problems with this alternative are that it offers less cooling efficiency, less uniformity, longer time Cooling and high deformation potential of the preform.
En la patente de los Estados Unidos No. 5,114,327 (Williamson et al, 1992) se describe un aparato para el rápido enfriamiento para una máquina de moldeo por inyección, donde las piezas moldeadas, tales como preformas de PET, son recibidas después de su expulsión de la máquina de moldeo, siendo transportadas desde la máquina de moldeo hasta una posición adyacente donde se acopla un cabezal de enfriamiento en donde un liquido de enfriamiento tal como CO2 se dirige hacia las superficies de cada pieza; el cabezal se acopla y sella al receptor de las piezas para inhibir el escape del liquido de enfriamiento a la atmósfera, reduciendo asi el costo, el impacto ambiental, etc . In US Pat. No. 5,114,327 (Williamson et al, 1992) an apparatus for rapid cooling for an injection molding machine is described, where molded parts, such as PET preforms, are received after their expulsion. of the molding machine, being transported from the molding machine to an adjacent position where a cooling head is coupled where a cooling liquid such as CO 2 is directed towards the surfaces of each piece; The head is coupled and sealed to the receiver of the parts to inhibit the escape of the cooling liquid into the atmosphere, thus reducing cost, environmental impact, etc.
La patente de Iizuka, antes mencionada, describe un método de moldeo y un aparato para el enfriamiento de botellas de resina sintética resistentes a la presión, teniendo un fondo de tipo petaloide, en donde el ciclo completo de producción toma no más de 3 segundos, después de los cuales la botella es expulsada del molde; la temperatura de la porción de fondo no se incrementa a más de 70 °C con lo que se suplementa la capacidad de enfriamiento del molde hacia la porción de fondo. Con ello, se impide la deformación irregular de la parte central, logrando que la porción de fondo adquiera resistencia a la alta presión y mecánica para evitar el rompimiento. El aparato incluye una plantilla de preforma con una cara de molde con una proyección en su parte central de altura similar a la altura de la parte central de un molde de fondo de la botella, una boquilla para lanzar un chorro de aire de enfriamiento en esa parte central de fondo mientras la plantilla mantiene la botella en posición, y una boquilla capaz de introducirse en la botella para soplar aire sobre la superficie superior de la porción de fondo. The Iizuka patent, mentioned above, describes a molding method and an apparatus for cooling pressure resistant synthetic resin bottles, having a petaloid type bottom, where the complete production cycle takes no more than 3 seconds, after which the bottle is ejected from the mold; the temperature of the bottom portion does not increase to more than 70 ° C, which supplements the capacity of cooling of the mold towards the bottom portion. This prevents irregular deformation of the central part, making the bottom portion acquire resistance to high pressure and mechanics to prevent breakage. The apparatus includes a preform template with a mold face with a projection in its central part of height similar to the height of the central part of a bottom mold of the bottle, a nozzle for launching a jet of cooling air in that central bottom part while the template keeps the bottle in position, and a nozzle capable of being introduced into the bottle to blow air over the upper surface of the bottom portion.
En las diferentes plantas de soplado de botella se tienen máquinas de soplado con un dispositivo que incluye una boquilla o tubo para enviar un chorro de agua continuo proveniente del sistema de agua de enfriamiento de los moldes que toca el fondo de la botella con la finalidad de enfriarlo, a este dispositivo se le conoce como brumizador principalmente al instalado en las máquinas Sidel. In the different bottle blowing plants there are blowing machines with a device that includes a nozzle or tube to send a continuous stream of water from the cooling system of the molds that touches the bottom of the bottle in order to cool it, this device is known as a fogger mainly installed on Sidel machines.
El personal técnico de las plantas de soplado ha desarrollado variaciones de este dispositivo en máquinas de soplado, estos dispositivos están constituidos por un tubo que varía en su longitud que tiene perforaciones a todo lo largo del tubo que lanza chorros de agua en diferentes direcciones y alturas y que están variando constantemente por lo que los resultados no se mantienen y no alcanzan los 30 minutos que tienen las compañías como objetivo. The technical personnel of the blowing plants have developed variations of this device in blowing machines, these devices are constituted by a tube that varies in its length that has perforations to everything length of the tube that launches water jets in different directions and heights and that are constantly varying so that the results are not maintained and do not reach the 30 minutes that the companies have as their objective.
OBJETIVOS DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
Sin embargo las ideas propuestas a la fecha no enfrían eficientemente el fondo de una botella, en especial la parte central de un fondo tipo petaloide y, por lo tanto, el costo del producto final se ve incrementado. Por ello, es un objeto de la presente invención, proveer de un equipo para mejorar la resistencia a la presión y al impacto del fondo petaloide de una botella soplada de PET. However, the ideas proposed to date do not efficiently cool the bottom of a bottle, especially the central part of a petaloid type fund and, therefore, the cost of the final product is increased. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide equipment to improve the pressure and impact resistance of the petaloid bottom of a blown PET bottle.
Es otro objeto de la presente invención, proveer un equipo para mejorar el enfriamiento del fondo petaloide de una botella de PET, mediante aspersión de agua fría. Es aún otro objeto de la presente invención, proveer un equipo para mejorar la resistencia a la presión y al impacto del fondo de una botella de PET, mediante el enfriamiento por aspersión con agua fría inmediatamente a la salida de la máquina de soplado de botella. Estos y otros objetos serán evidentes a partir de la descripción que sigue y sus figuras acompañantes, que pretenden ser ilustrativas de la modalidad preferida de la invención . It is another object of the present invention, to provide equipment to improve the cooling of the petaloid bottom of a PET bottle, by means of cold water spray. It is yet another object of the present invention, to provide equipment to improve the resistance to pressure and the impact of the bottom of a PET bottle, by cooling by spraying with cold water immediately at the exit of the bottle blowing machine. These and other objects will be apparent from the description that follows and their accompanying figures, which are intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La Figura 1 es un dibujo esquemático de una modalidad preferida del equipo de la invención, que ilustra de mejor manera las tres principales secciones del equipo: sección seca, sección húmeda y base, y muestra la disposición de sus partes. Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a preferred embodiment of the equipment of the invention, which best illustrates the three main sections of the equipment: dry section, wet section and base, and shows the arrangement of its parts.
La Figura 2 es un dibujo esquemático en elevación de la modalidad preferida del equipo de la invención. Figure 2 is a schematic elevation drawing of the preferred embodiment of the equipment of the invention.
La Figura 3 es un dibujo esquemático de la modalidad preferida del equipo de la invención en perspectiva lateral en donde se muestran otros componentes de la invención asi como su configuración. Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of the preferred embodiment of the equipment of the invention in side perspective where other components of the invention are shown as well as its configuration.
La Figura 4 es un diagrama esquemático del múltiple con las boquillas de aspersión, respecto a una botella, en la sección húmeda del equipo. La Figura 5 es un diagrama esquemático de las cuchillas de aire del equipo de la invención, respecto a una botella, en la sección seca. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the manifold with spray nozzles, relative to a bottle, in the wet section of the equipment. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the air blades of the equipment of the invention, relative to a bottle, in the dry section.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un equipo para el enfriamiento de la base petaloide de botellas de PET recién fabricadas, por medio de un roció de agua de enfriamiento direccionada y posterior secado por medio de corrientes de aire; dicho equipo se localiza inmediatamente a la salida de una máquina de soplado de las botellas y aprovecha el transportador que retira a las botellas de dicho equipo. The present invention relates to an equipment for cooling the petaloid base of freshly manufactured PET bottles, by means of a spray of directed cooling water and subsequent drying by means of air currents; said equipment is located immediately at the exit of a bottle blowing machine and takes advantage of the conveyor that removes the bottles of said equipment.
El equipo es adaptable a diversos requerimientos de enfriamiento, permitiendo su uso con diferentes equipos de moldeo de botellas. The equipment is adaptable to various cooling requirements, allowing its use with different bottle molding equipment.
El equipo cuenta con medios para ajustar los elementos de enfriamiento y secado los cuales se encuentran montados en un bastidor metálico que a su vez esta soportado por un sistema que puede ser mecánico o neumático y que tiene dispositivos que permiten tener alturas determinadas por las diferencias de las alturas de las botellas; este sistema permite el ajuste rápido de altura para ofrecer un enfriamiento óptimo de la base de las botellas, permitiendo ajustar, entre otros parámetros, la distancia entre las boquillas de roció de agua de enfriamiento y el fondo de las botellas y se tiene la posibilidad también de aprovechar los servicios disponibles de la instalación de moldeo existente, tal como el agua de enfriamiento o el aire comprimido de la linea de recuperación o desecho que la máquina de soplado ya no utiliza, es decir, desecha. Una vez realizados los ajustes, el proceso de enfriamiento y secado es automático y se inicia al detectar por medio de un fotosensor, la presencia de la primera botella de PET proveniente del equipo de moldeo en el transportador, este fotosensor envía una señal para abrir las válvulas solenoides que permiten el paso del agua a través de una válvula reguladora de presión para suministrar el agua con presión regulada en el rango de 20 a 30 libras por pulgada cuadrada y temperatura que puede variar dentro del rango de entre 9o y 13°C. The equipment has means to adjust the cooling and drying elements which are mounted on a metal frame which in turn is supported by a system that can be mechanical or pneumatic and has devices that allow heights determined by differences in the heights of the bottles; This system allows quick height adjustment to offer a optimum cooling of the base of the bottles, allowing to adjust, among other parameters, the distance between the spray nozzles of cooling water and the bottom of the bottles and it is also possible to take advantage of the available services of the existing molding installation , such as cooling water or compressed air from the recovery or waste line that the blowing machine no longer uses, that is, discards. Once the adjustments have been made, the cooling and drying process is automatic and starts by detecting, by means of a photosensor, the presence of the first PET bottle from the molding equipment on the conveyor, this photosensor sends a signal to open the solenoid valves that allow water to pass through a pressure regulating valve to supply the water regulated in the range of 20 to 30 psi and temperature may vary within the range from 9 or pressure and 13 ° C .
El agua de enfriamiento proveniente de un enfriador de agua externo, se alimenta a un intercambiador de calor instalado en el interior del tanque del equipo y de ahí se alimenta a un manifold o múltiple, esto es, un tubo que se localiza a lo largo de una primera sección del equipo denominada "sección húmeda" y que se ubica directamente debajo y alineado con la linea de transporte de las botellas, con una pluralidad de boquillas alineadas y distribuidas equidistantemente por su longitud, preferentemente a una distancia de 6 cms. entre ellas, que dirigen un abanico de agua de enfriamiento a la base de las botellas . The cooling water from an external water cooler is fed to a heat exchanger installed inside the equipment tank and from there it is fed to a manifold or manifold, that is, a tube that is located along a first section of the team denominated "wet section" and that is located directly below and aligned with the transport line of the bottles, with a plurality of nozzles aligned and distributed equidistant by its length, preferably at a distance of 6 cms. among them, which direct a fan of cooling water to the base of the bottles.
Este manifold permite distribuir el agua y mantener la presión regulada para que pase a través de las conexiones de 45° boquillas que dirigen el agua en respecto al manifold para evitar que el agua moje el cuerpo de la botella de PET por encima de la altura de inicio de la etiqueta; (existe la alternativa de usar conexiones de 0° a 180° para dirigir el abanico de agua a la entrada o salida de la botella según lo requiera el equipo de algún cliente) , las boquillas de aspersión, seleccionadas entre miles existentes en el mercado por el área rectangular proyectada formada por el ancho y lo abierto del abanico, el gasto, forman un abanico agua de enfriamiento, y en conjunto, forman una franja de agua de un ancho de 2.5 centímetros para que al paso de las botellas se moje en forma continua el fondo petaloide de la botella incluyendo el punto de inyección de la preforma para provocar el choque térmico en el fondo de la botella de PET y para incrementar su resistencia y de esta manera aumentar el tiempo de la prueba de stress; una vez que el agua ha tenido contacto con el fondo de la botella, escurre, se colecta en el tanque de la sección húmeda del equipo y se recircula. La pérdida de agua en el proceso se limita a las gotas de agua que se quedan pegadas en las botellas después del proceso de eliminación de agua, y la pérdida por evaporación considerada despreciable. El manifold está suspendido en un bastidor metálico el cual esta soportado por un sistema que tiene dispositivos que permiten ajustar alturas determinadas del manifold al fondo de la botella permitiendo ajustar la altura del abanico del agua y las cuchillas de aire respecto a las diferentes alturas de las botellas. Las cuchillas de aire están montadas en unos patines que permiten ajustar las cuchillas al diámetro de las botellas dependiendo de su tamaño . DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN This manifold allows to distribute the water and maintain the regulated pressure so that it passes through the connections of 45 ° nozzles that direct the water in relation to the manifold to prevent the water from wetting the body of the PET bottle above the height of start of the label; (There is the alternative of using 0 ° to 180 ° connections to direct the water fan to the inlet or outlet of the bottle as required by some customer's equipment), the spray nozzles, selected from thousands existing in the market by the projected rectangular area formed by the width and openness of the fan, the expense, form a fan of cooling water, and together, they form a strip of water of a width of 2.5 centimeters so that the bottles get wet in shape continue the petaloid bottom of the bottle including the injection point of the preform to cause thermal shock at the bottom of the PET bottle and to increase your resistance and thus increase the stress test time; once the water has had contact with the bottom of the bottle, it drains, it is collected in the tank of the wet section of the equipment and it is recirculated. The loss of water in the process is limited to the drops of water that remain stuck in the bottles after the water removal process, and the evaporation loss considered negligible. The manifold is suspended in a metal frame which is supported by a system that has devices that allow you to adjust certain heights of the manifold to the bottom of the bottle allowing you to adjust the height of the water fan and the air blades with respect to the different heights of the bottles The air blades are mounted on skates that allow the blades to be adjusted to the diameter of the bottles depending on their size. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El equipo enfriador de fondo de botellas de PET, objeto de la presente invención es un sistema automático para rociar un liquido de enfriamiento, agua fría, al centro del fondo petaloide de la botella a la salida de la máquina de soplado, con el propósito de modificar la estructura molecular del plástico y producir una mejora en las propiedades de resistencia al impacto. The PET bottle bottom cooler, object of the present invention is an automatic system for spraying a cooling liquid, cold water, to the center of the petaloid bottom of the bottle at the exit of the machine. blown, in order to modify the molecular structure of the plastic and produce an improvement in the properties of impact resistance.
El equipo de la invención (100) según se muestra en la Figura 1, es un equipo compacto diseñado para colocarse a la salida de una máquina de producción de botellas plásticas tipo PET (no ilustrada aquí), justo por debajo del transportador de las botellas recién fabricadas, siendo compuesto por tres zonas principales:  The equipment of the invention (100) as shown in Figure 1, is a compact device designed to be placed at the exit of a production machine for PET plastic bottles (not illustrated here), just below the bottle conveyor newly manufactured, being composed of three main areas:
1. Una "sección húmeda" (101), donde el fondo de las botellas recién moldeadas es enfriado por medio de un rocío de agua;  1. A "wet section" (101), where the bottom of the freshly molded bottles is cooled by means of a spray of water;
2. Una "sección seca" (102), donde por medio de un sistema neumático para el manejo y control de aire, ya sea comprimido, de recuperación o desecho de la máquina de soplado, donde se elimina el agua que se adhiere a la botella en el proceso de enfriamiento;  2. A "dry section" (102), where by means of a pneumatic system for the handling and control of air, either compressed, recovery or waste of the blowing machine, where the water that adheres to the air is removed bottle in the cooling process;
3. Una base (103) que conforma un tanque (104) para la contención de elementos funcionales del equipo.  3. A base (103) that forms a tank (104) for the containment of functional elements of the equipment.
El equipo incluye elementos eléctricos, mecánicos, hidráulicos, y neumáticos para su operación, y por estar en contacto constante con el agua, los materiales de la mayoría de sus componentes son acero inoxidable, polipropileno, bronce y teflón. The equipment includes electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic elements for its operation, and for being in constant contact with water, the materials of the Most of its components are stainless steel, polypropylene, bronze and Teflon.
Para una mejor comprensión de los elementos característicos del equipo de la invención, la descripción que sigue y las figuras acompañantes, se refieren a una modalidad preferida del equipo. For a better understanding of the characteristic elements of the equipment of the invention, the description that follows and the accompanying figures refer to a preferred embodiment of the equipment.
El sistema eléctrico del equipo incluye un tablero de control (105), con interruptores (106) asociados a las líneas de alimentación para la operación de un motor de una motobomba centrífuga (107), un electroválvula solenoide para control del aire comprimido ( 108 ) , una fotocelda o fotosensor (110), un cronómetro o timer (no mostrado). Además del control para el sistema de elevación (111), control para la bomba (112) y el control para aire comprimido (113). The electrical system of the equipment includes a control panel (105), with switches (106) associated to the power lines for the operation of a motor of a centrifugal motor pump (107), a solenoid solenoid valve for compressed air control (108) , a photocell or photosensor (110), a stopwatch or timer (not shown). In addition to the control for the lifting system (111), control for the pump (112) and the control for compressed air (113).
El sistema hidráulico está integrado por una pluralidad de válvulas preferentemente del tipo de válvulas de esfera (114), para el control del paso de agua, una válvula reguladora de presión (115) de 3 - 44 libras por pulgada cuadrada para el control del gasto de agua por presión, manómetros (116) y (117) , una electroválvula solenoide para el control del agua (109), manifold o múltiple (118) con boquillas de rocío (119), un control de nivel (120), una motobomba centrífuga (107) y tubería. The hydraulic system is composed of a plurality of valves preferably of the type of ball valves (114), for the control of the water passage, a pressure regulating valve (115) of 3-44 pounds per square inch for the control of the expense of pressure water, pressure gauges (116) and (117), a solenoid solenoid valve for water control (109), manifold or manifold (118) with spray nozzles (119), a level control (120), a centrifugal motor pump (107) and pipe.
En la Figura 1 se muestra esquemáticamente dicho sistema hidráulico, iniciando en un intercambiador de calor (121), con una entrada (122) y una salida (123) de agua de enfriamiento proveniente de una fuente externa, para acondicionar el agua de enfriamiento del equipo de la invención a una temperatura en el rango de 9 a 13 °C dicha agua de enfriamiento, una vez acondicionada en el enfriador intercambiador de calor (121), como se muestra en la Figura 2, pasa a través de una válvula de esfera (114) hacia la válvula reguladora de presión (115) con dos manómetros (116) y (117) que miden la presión de entrada y la presión de salida , para medir la presión en libras por pulgada cuadrada a la entrada y la salida de la válvula reguladora de presión (115), estos manómetros preferentemente tienen conexión posterior, fabricados en acero inoxidable y con la carátula inundada en glicerina. Figure 1 shows schematically said hydraulic system, starting in a heat exchanger (121), with an inlet (122) and an outlet (123) of cooling water from an external source, to condition the cooling water of the equipment of the invention at a temperature in the range of 9 to 13 ° C said cooling water, once conditioned in the heat exchanger cooler (121), as shown in Figure 2, passes through a ball valve (114) towards the pressure regulating valve (115) with two pressure gauges (116) and (117) that measure the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure, to measure the pressure in pounds per square inch at the inlet and outlet of the pressure regulating valve (115), these pressure gauges preferably have a rear connection, made of stainless steel and with the cover flooded in glycerin.
Posteriormente el agua pasa por la electroválvula solenoide (109) la que permite o impide el paso de agua según se demande por la presencia o ausencia de la botella (124) en la sección húmeda del equipo (101), como se muestra en la Figura 1, siendo detectada la entrada al equipo de una primer botella de una pluralidad proveniente del equipo de moldeo, por el fotosensor (110) . Subsequently, the water passes through the solenoid solenoid valve (109) which allows or prevents the passage of water as required by the presence or absence of the bottle (124) in the wet section of the equipment (101), as shown in Figure 1, the entrance to the equipment of a first bottle of a plurality from the molding equipment, by the photosensor (110).
En caso de ingreso de una botella en el equipo, se permite el paso del agua a través de la electroválvula solenoide (109) para alimentar al manifold (118) y permitir la salida del agua a través de cada boquilla (119) en el mismo. El manifold o múltiple (118) es fabricado preferentemente en acero inoxidable e incluye un soporte como bastidor (125) de acero inoxidable montado sobre un sistema de elevación (126) con dispositivos con alturas determinadas que permite realizar ajustes de altura del abanico del agua (127), como se muestra en la Figura 4, producido por la pluralidad de boquillas según se requiera por las diferentes alturas de los envases. In the event that a bottle enters the equipment, water is allowed to pass through the solenoid solenoid valve (109) to feed the manifold (118) and allow the water to flow through each nozzle (119) in it. . The manifold or manifold (118) is preferably made of stainless steel and includes a support as a frame (125) of stainless steel mounted on a lifting system (126) with devices with certain heights that allows height adjustments of the water fan ( 127), as shown in Figure 4, produced by the plurality of nozzles as required by the different heights of the containers.
Las figuras 1 y 3 ilustran esquemáticamente la ubicación del múltiple (118) en la sección húmeda (101) del equipo (100), en una linea coincidente con la trayectoria del transportador de las botellas recién fabricadas en el equipo de moldeo. En la figura 4 se muestra con mayor detalle que la salida de las boquillas (119) forma un ángulo de 45° con respecto a la horizontal que es el múltiple (118) en la dirección de flujo del agua de enfriamiento. Esta inclinación permite mantener un abanico de agua (127) de enfriamiento dirigido a la base de las botellas suspendidas sobre el múltiple (118), evitando que el agua moje a las botellas por encima de una altura determinada por la presión de salida del agua por las boquillas (119) . Figures 1 and 3 schematically illustrate the location of the manifold (118) in the wet section (101) of the equipment (100), in a line coinciding with the trajectory of the conveyor of the newly manufactured bottles in the molding equipment. Figure 4 shows in greater detail that the outlet of the nozzles (119) forms an angle of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal which is the manifold (118) in the flow direction of the cooling water. This inclination allows to maintain a fan of cooling water (127) directed to the base of the bottles suspended on the manifold (118), preventing the water from wetting the bottles above a height determined by the outlet pressure of the water through the nozzles (119).
En la figura 4, también se puede apreciar que una vez que el agua es rociada en forma de abanico (127) y se produce la transferencia de calor a las gotas de agua por contacto con la superficie del fondo de la botella (124), el agua escurre y pasa a través de una malla de acero inoxidable (128), que evita que caigan botellas y partículas de plástico y objetos grandes al tanque de agua (104, como se aprecia en la Figura 1, en donde la motobomba (107) por medio de un interruptor (112) permite recircular el agua de enfriamiento al intercambiador (121) . In Figure 4, it can also be seen that once the water is sprayed in the form of a fan (127) and heat transfer occurs to the water droplets by contact with the bottom surface of the bottle (124), the water drains and passes through a stainless steel mesh (128), which prevents plastic bottles and particles and large objects from falling into the water tank (104, as shown in Figure 1, where the motor pump (107 ) by means of a switch (112) allows recirculating the cooling water to the exchanger (121).
De acuerdo a la ilustración en la Figura 4, se muestra una pluralidad de salidas roscadas o "copies" (129), las cuales son colocadas en línea, guardando una relación equidistante entre ellas para el montaje de conexiones con posicionamiento de 45° fabricadas preferentemente en acero inoxidable, para dirigir y controlar el agua y evitar que el agua se dirija en forma perpendicular al múltiple (118) verticalmente hacia arriba en la dirección de las botellas suspendidas, provocando el mojado de lugares no deseados, por ejemplo, las paredes de la botella por encima de la linea inferior de etiqueta. En una aplicación convencional, preferentemente entre 10 y 15 de estas salidas son suficientes para lograr el enfriamiento deseado en las bases de las botellas. Se tiene como alternativa el uso conexiones de 0o -180° para cuando algún equipo no permite el uso de espreas a 45° los grados de orientación del abanico se miden respecto a la horizontal. According to the illustration in Figure 4, a plurality of threaded outputs or "copies" (129) are shown, which are placed in line, keeping an equidistant relationship between them for the assembly of 45 ° positioning connections preferably manufactured in stainless steel, to direct and control the water and prevent the water from going perpendicular to the manifold (118) vertically upwards in the direction of the bottles suspended, causing wetting of unwanted places, for example, the walls of the bottle above the bottom line of label. In a conventional application, preferably between 10 and 15 of these outputs are sufficient to achieve the desired cooling in the bases of the bottles. As an alternative, the use of 0 or -180 ° connections is used for when some equipment does not allow the use of spikes at 45 °, the orientation degrees of the fan are measured with respect to the horizontal.
Estas salidas permiten el montaje en ellas de boquillas de aspersión (119), como las ilustradas en la Figura 4, fabricadas preferentemente en acero inoxidable, y diseñadas especialmente para enviar el agua espreada con un ángulo de abanico suficiente, respecto a la horizontal que seria el manifold (118), tal que el agua sea espreada en forma plana con la finalidad de mantener una linea continua de agua y otro ángulo transversal para mantener esa linea de agua con un gasto preferentemente de entre 1.0 y 1.4 galones por minuto y entre 10 y 20 libras de presión por boquilla, para el manejo de agua espreada que es dirigida al fondo petaloide de la botella de PET en el área del punto de inyección de lo que era la preforma y que tiene una temperatura o diferencial de temperatura de alrededor de 23 °C, respecto al cuerpo provocando un choque térmico con agua fría en área del punto de inyección para incrementar su resistencia y de esta manera aumentar el tiempo de la prueba de stress. Lo anterior puede apreciarse en el diagrama esquemático de la Figura 4, donde una serie de botellas (124) se desplazan a lo largo de la sección húmeda (101) del equipo de la invención, gracias a un transportador (no mostrado) que transporta a las botellas (124) colgantes y aseguradas por el cuello, de manera que el fondo queda expuesto a la acción del abanico de roció (127) de agua fria proveniente de las boquillas (119) del múltiple (118) . These outlets allow the mounting of spray nozzles (119), such as those illustrated in Figure 4, preferably made of stainless steel, and specially designed to send the spilled water with a sufficient fan angle, relative to the horizontal that would be the manifold (118), such that the water is spilled flat in order to maintain a continuous water line and another transverse angle to maintain that water line with an expense preferably between 1.0 and 1.4 gallons per minute and between 10 and 20 pounds of pressure per nozzle, for the handling of spilled water that is directed to the petaloid bottom of the PET bottle in the area of the injection point of what the preform was and that has a temperature or temperature differential of about 23 ° C, with respect to the body causing a thermal shock with cold water in the area of the injection point to increase its resistance and thus increase the stress test time. The above can be seen in the schematic diagram of Figure 4, where a series of bottles (124) travel along the wet section (101) of the equipment of the invention, thanks to a conveyor (not shown) that transports the bottles (124) hanging and secured by the neck, so that the bottom is exposed to the action of the spray fan (127) of cold water coming from the nozzles (119) of the manifold (118).
El sistema neumático para el manejo y control de aire comprimido, se inicia cuando la fotocelda o fotosensor (110) en la Figura 1, detecta la presencia de la primera botella de una serie de botellas que están siendo transportadas desde la salida del equipo de moldeo, y emite una señal a una electroválvula solenoide (108) que controla el paso del aire a unas cuchillas de aire (130), como se muestra en la Figura 5, ubicadas en la sección seca (102) del equipo de la invención (100) y que son fabricadas preferentemente en acero inoxidable. Como se ilustra en la Figura 5, se colocan dos pares de cuchillas (130), una frente a otra, a cada lado de la botella (124) de forma equidistante entre el espacio de tránsito de las botellas (124) que están siendo transportadas a través del equipo (100); estas cuchillas (130) están montadas sobre unos patines (131) que permiten su aproximación o retiro del diámetro de la botella los cuales se deslizan sobre de un bastidor metálico (125) el cual es soportado por un sistema de elevación (126) que tiene dispositivos que permiten tener alturas determinadas por lo que se colocan a una inclinación tal, respecto a la horizontal de la botella, que las cuchillas (130) formen una cortina de aire inclinada que emitirá una linea de aire y que junto con otras en forma escalonada, formarán una cortina para las gotas de agua depositadas en la superficie de la botella (124) en la sección húmeda (101), de tal manera que cuando las gotas entran en contacto con la cortina de aire éstas se desplazan hacia abajo hasta llegar al fondo de la botella (124) para después desprenderse de ella. The pneumatic system for handling and controlling compressed air starts when the photocell or photosensor (110) in Figure 1 detects the presence of the first bottle of a series of bottles that are being transported from the output of the molding equipment , and emits a signal to a solenoid solenoid valve (108) that controls the passage of air to air blades (130), as shown in Figure 5, located in the dry section (102) of the equipment of the invention (100 ) and which are preferably made of stainless steel. As illustrated in Figure 5, two pairs of blades (130) are placed, facing each other, on each side of the bottle (124) equidistant between the transit space of the bottles (124) being transported through the team (100); These blades (130) are mounted on skates (131) that allow their approach or removal of the diameter of the bottle which slide on a metal frame (125) which is supported by a lifting system (126) that has devices that allow to have heights determined by what they are placed at an inclination such, with respect to the horizontal of the bottle, that the blades (130) form an inclined air curtain that will emit an air line and that together with others in stepped form , they will form a curtain for the drops of water deposited on the surface of the bottle (124) in the wet section (101), such that when the drops come into contact with the air curtain they move down until they reach the Bottom of the bottle (124) and then detach from it.
En el momento que se interrumpe el paso de botellas provenientes de la máquina de moldeo, el fotosensor (110) detecta la ausencia de botellas y envía una señal a un cronómetro (no mostrado) integrado al PLC (132) del equipo, que es la parte electrónica en donde se hace la programación de las funciones y secuencia de operación del equipo y donde se inicia un conteo de tiempo suficiente para que la última botella pase por todas las boquillas de aspersión del equipo y termine su proceso de enfriamiento y secado . At the moment that the passage of bottles from the molding machine is interrupted, the photosensor (110) detects the absence of bottles and sends a signal to a timer (not shown) integrated to the PLC (132) of the equipment, which is the electronic part where the programming of the functions and sequence of operation of the equipment is done and where a sufficient time count is initiated for the last bottle to pass through all the spray nozzles of the equipment and finish its cooling process and dried
Como se ha mencionado previamente, la descripción y las figuras incluidas ilustran una modalidad preferida del equipo de la invención, mostrando los elementos característicos del mismo, sin embargo será evidente para una persona con conocimientos en el campo técnico, que pueden realizarse alteraciones a dichas ilustraciones para acomodar el equipo a aplicaciones específicas, sin que dichas alteraciones o modificaciones resulten en un equipo más allá del alcance de la presente invención, tales como variaciones en el número, distanciamiento, ángulo o tipo específico de boquilla; substitución de la bomba centrífuga por otro tipo de bomba, etc., por lo que la invención debe entenderse a partir de las reivindicaciones siguientes. As previously mentioned, the description and figures included illustrate a preferred embodiment of the equipment of the invention, showing the characteristic elements thereof, however it will be evident to a person with knowledge in the technical field, that alterations to said illustrations can be made. to accommodate the equipment to specific applications, without such alterations or modifications resulting in equipment beyond the scope of the present invention, such as variations in the number, distance, angle or specific type of nozzle; replacement of the centrifugal pump with another type of pump, etc., so that the invention should be understood from the following claims.
LISTA COMPLETA DE PARTES DEL EQUIPO SEGUN LA DESCRIPCIÓN COMPLETE LIST OF EQUIPMENT PARTS ACCORDING TO THE DESCRIPTION
100 EQUIPO 100 TEAM
101 SECCIÓN HÚMEDA 102 SECCION SECA 101 HUMID SECTION 102 DRY SECTION
103 BASE DE EQUIPO  103 TEAM BASE
104 TANQUE DE AGUA  104 WATER TANK
105 TABLERO DE CONTROL  105 CONTROL BOARD
106 INTERRUPTORES  106 SWITCHES
107 BOMBA  107 PUMP
108 ELECTROVALVULA SOLENOIDE CONTROL DE AIRE COMPRIMIDO  108 SOLENOID ELECTROVALVULA COMPRESSED AIR CONTROL
109 ELECTROVALVULA SOLENOIDE CONTROL DE AGUA  109 WATER CONTROL SOLENOID ELECTROVALVULA
110 FOTOSENSOR  110 PHOTOSENSOR
111 CONTROL DEL SISTEMA DE ELEVACIÓN  111 LIFTING SYSTEM CONTROL
112 CONTROL BOMBA  112 PUMP CONTROL
113 CONTROL AIRE COMPRIMIDO  113 COMPRESSED AIR CONTROL
114 VÁLVULA DE ESFERA  114 SPHERE VALVE
115 VÁLVULA REGULADORA DE PRESIÓN  115 PRESSURE REGULATOR VALVE
116 MANÓMETRO ENTRADA DE AGUA A VÁLVULA REGULADORA DE PRESIÓN  116 WATER INPUT MANOMETER TO PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE
117 MANÓMETRO SALIDA DE AGUA A VÁLVULA REGULADORA DE PRESIÓN  117 WATER OUTLET MANOMETER TO PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE
118 MANIFOLD O MÚLTIPLE  118 MANIFOLD OR MULTIPLE
119 BOQUILLA(S) DE ROCÍO  119 SPRAY NOZZLE (S)
120 CONTROL DE NIVEL  120 LEVEL CONTROL
121 INTERCAMBIADOS. DE CALOR  121 EXCHANGED. HEAT
122 ENTRADA DE AGUA AL INTERCAMBIADOR  122 WATER INPUT TO THE EXCHANGER
123 SALIDA DE AGUA DEL INTERCAMBIADOR BOTELLA(S) 123 EXCHANGER WATER OUTLET BOTTLE (S)
BASTIDOR SISTEMA DE ELEVACIÓN ABANICO MALLA SALIDAS ROSCADAS (COPLES) CUCHILLAS DE AIRE PATINES ENCENDIDO PLC FRAME FRONT LIFTING SYSTEM MESH THREADED OUTPUTS (COPLES) AIR KNIVES SKATES ON PLC

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES Una vez que la invención ha sido descrita, lo que se considera novedoso y por tanto se reclama su propiedad es: CLAIMS Once the invention has been described, what is considered novel and therefore its ownership is claimed is:
1. Un equipo para el enfriamiento del fondo petaloide de botellas de plástico, recién desmoldadas, en especial botellas fabricadas preferentemente de PET, caracterizado porque incluye una primera sección, denominada sección húmeda, en donde el fondo de las botellas que están siendo transportadas colgadas por el cuello desde la salida del equipo de moldeo por un transportador es rociado con agua de enfriamiento, dicha sección húmeda comprende: un fotosensor ubicado al inicio de la sección húmeda del equipo que inicia la acción de un cronómetro que detiene al equipo una vez transcurrido el tiempo de traslado de dicha última botella desde el inicio de la sección húmeda hasta el final de la sección seca del equipo; una válvula solenoide de control de agua de enfriamiento, accionada por el fotosensor, que permite el paso del agua de enfriamiento a través de un múltiple o manifold que presenta una pluralidad de boquillas, donde dicho múltiple está montado en el sistema de soporte bastidor que permite ajustar su altura por medio de un sistema con dispositivos con alturas determinadas por las diferencias de alturas de las botellas al fondo de las botellas cuyo fondo se desea enfriar; y una segunda sección, denominada sección seca, donde cuchillas de aire, que están montadas en el soporte bastidor que permite ajusfar su altura por medio de un sistema con dispositivos que permiten tener alturas determinadas por las diferencias de alturas de las botellas al fondo de las botellas cuyo fondo se desea enfriar, remueven por efecto de una corriente de aire y por la acción de medios mecánicos el agua remanente de las botellas. 1. An equipment for cooling the petaloid bottom of freshly demoulded plastic bottles, especially bottles preferably made of PET, characterized in that it includes a first section, called a wet section, where the bottom of the bottles being transported are hung by the neck from the exit of the molding equipment by a conveyor is sprayed with cooling water, said wet section comprises: a photosensor located at the beginning of the wet section of the equipment that starts the action of a stopwatch that stops the equipment once the transfer time of said last bottle from the beginning of the wet section to the end of the dry section of the equipment; a cooling water control solenoid valve, actuated by the photosensor, which allows the passage of cooling water through a manifold or manifold having a plurality of nozzles, where said manifold is mounted on the support frame system that allows adjust its height by means of a system with devices with heights determined by the differences in bottle heights at the bottom of the bottles whose bottom you want to cool; and a second section, called dry section, where air blades, which are mounted on the frame support that allows to adjust its height by means of a system with devices that allow to have heights determined by the differences of heights of the bottles at the bottom of the Bottles whose bottom is to be cooled, remove the remaining water from the bottles by the effect of an air current and by mechanical means.
2. Un equipo para el enfriamiento del fondo petaloide de botellas de plástico, de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque las boquillas ubicadas en el manifold de la sección húmeda del equipo rocían agua de enfriamiento en forma de abanico dirigido a la superficie exterior del centro de la base petaloide de la produciendo un enfriamiento rápido. 2. An equipment for cooling the petaloid bottom of plastic bottles according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles located in the manifold of the wet section of the equipment spray fan-shaped cooling water directed to the outer surface of the center of the petaloid base of the producing a rapid cooling.
3. Un equipo para el enfriamiento del fondo petaloide de botellas de plástico, de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque la temperatura del agua de enfriamiento es preferentemente de entre 9 y 13°C. 3. Equipment for cooling the petaloid bottom of plastic bottles, according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature of the cooling water is preferably between 9 and 13 ° C.
4. Un equipo para el enfriamiento del fondo petaloide de botellas de plástico, de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque dichas boquillas de roció se encuentran dirigidas en un ángulo respecto de la horizontal tal que moje de manera eficientemente el fondo de la botella, en la dirección de avance de las botellas. 4. An equipment for cooling the petaloid bottom of plastic bottles, according to claim 1, characterized in that said spray nozzles are directed at an angle with respect to the horizontal such that it efficiently wetts the bottom of the bottle, in the direction of advance of the bottles.
5. Un equipo para el enfriamiento del fondo petaloide de botellas de plástico, de conformidad con la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque dichas boquillas envían el agua en un abanico con un ángulo en forma plana tal que se forma una línea de agua continua con un gasto aproximado de entre 1.0 - 1.4 galones por minuto y entre aproximadamente 10 y 20 libras de presión por boquilla. 5. An equipment for cooling the petaloid bottom of plastic bottles, according to claim 4, characterized in that said nozzles send the water in a fan with a flat angle such that a continuous water line is formed with an expense Approximately between 1.0 - 1.4 gallons per minute and between approximately 10 and 20 pounds of pressure per nozzle.
6. Un equipo para el enfriamiento del fondo petaloide de botellas de plástico, de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque dichas boquillas de rocío se encuentran separadas equidistantemente entre ellas, preferentemente a una distancia de 6 cms. 6. Equipment for cooling the petaloid bottom of plastic bottles, according to claim 1, characterized in that said spray nozzles are equidistant apart from each other, preferably at a distance of 6 cm.
7. Un equipo para el enfriamiento del fondo petaloide de botellas de plástico, de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque incluye al menos dos pares cuchillas de aire montadas en el bastidor ubicadas a ambos lados del espacio por el que pasan las botellas, para eliminar el agua adherida a la pared exterior de la botella . 7. An equipment for cooling the petaloid bottom of plastic bottles according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes at least two pairs of air blades mounted on the frame located at both sides of the space through which the bottles pass, to remove the water adhered to the outer wall of the bottle.
8. Un equipo para el enfriamiento del fondo petaloide de botellas de plástico, recién desmoldadas, de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque contiene además un tanque de depósito donde se capta el agua de enfriamiento, una vez que ésta ha enfriado la superficie de la botella, escurre y es colectada, contando además dicho tanque con un control de nivel para su inmediata posterior recirculación al equipo enfriador. 8. Equipment for cooling the petaloid bottom of freshly demoulded plastic bottles according to claim 1, characterized in that it also contains a reservoir tank where the cooling water is collected, once it has cooled the surface of the bottle drains and is collected, said tank also having a level control for immediate subsequent recirculation to the cooling equipment.
PCT/MX2010/000045 2010-05-21 2010-05-21 Device for cooling the bottom of recently molded plastic bottles WO2011145913A1 (en)

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MX2012013557A MX348519B (en) 2010-05-21 2010-05-21 Device for cooling the bottom of recently molded plastic bottles.

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EP2845717A1 (en) * 2013-09-10 2015-03-11 Krones AG Method and apparatus for cooling a bottom
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CN105014932A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-04 佛山市百进一精密机械有限公司 Plastic bottle bottom cooler adjustable in height
CN105014931A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-04 佛山市百进一精密机械有限公司 Plastic bottle bottom cooler with filtering and recycling functions
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CN105014936A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-04 佛山市百进一精密机械有限公司 Control system of plastic bottle bottom cooler
CN105014934A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-04 佛山市百进一精密机械有限公司 Plastic bottle bottom water cooler adopting cold water cooling mode
EP3348377A1 (en) * 2017-01-12 2018-07-18 Sidel Participations Receptacle conveying and cooling apparatus, a method of operating such a receptacle conveying and cooling apparatus and a receptacle treatment machine having such a receptacle conveying and cooling apparatus
US10106281B2 (en) 2017-01-12 2018-10-23 Sidel Participations Receptacle conveying and cooling apparatus, a method of operating such a receptacle conveying and cooling apparatus and a receptacle treatment machine having such a receptacle conveying and cooling apparatus

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