WO2011144864A1 - Installation de liaison fond-surface comprenant une structure de guidage de conduite flexible - Google Patents
Installation de liaison fond-surface comprenant une structure de guidage de conduite flexible Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011144864A1 WO2011144864A1 PCT/FR2011/051118 FR2011051118W WO2011144864A1 WO 2011144864 A1 WO2011144864 A1 WO 2011144864A1 FR 2011051118 W FR2011051118 W FR 2011051118W WO 2011144864 A1 WO2011144864 A1 WO 2011144864A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- guide
- drum
- flexible
- pipes
- floating support
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 claims description 30
- 244000261422 Lysimachia clethroides Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
- F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
- F16L1/16—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
- B63B21/507—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers with mooring turrets
- B63B21/508—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers with mooring turrets connected to submerged buoy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B22/02—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
- B63B22/021—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/01—Risers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
- E21B43/0107—Connecting of flow lines to offshore structures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bottom-to-surface connection installation between a plurality of submarine pipes resting at the bottom of the sea and a floating support surface, comprising a hybrid tower consisting of a plu ralality of flexible pipes connected to rigid pipes. risers, or vertical risers, the upper end of said flexible pipes being secured to a drum swiveling freely to the front of the ship or within the ship, usually in the forward third of said vessel.
- the technical field of the invention is more particularly the field of the manufacture and installation of production risers for the underwater extraction of oil, gas or other soluble or fusible material or a suspension of mineral matter from wellhead im merged to a floating support, for the development of production fields installed offshore at sea.
- the main and immediate application of the invention being in the field of oil production.
- the floating support generally comprises anchoring means to remain in position despite the effects of currents, winds and waves. It also generally comprises oil storage and processing means as well as means of unloading to removal tankers, the latter being present at regular intervals to carry out the removal of the production.
- the common name of these floating supports is the Anglo-Saxon term “Floating Production Storage Offloading” (meaning “floating medium of storage, production and unloading") which one uses the abbreviated term "FPSO" in the whole of the following description.
- the floating supports are:
- Floating fixed-cap type carriers are particularly suitable for environments that are not too agitated and have medium-sized swells from a single direction, as encountered in West Africa. We then install the floating support facing this preferred direction of the swell to minimize the effects.
- This type of floating support has the advantage of being able to simply install a very large number of bottom-surface links on an edge of said floating support, or on both sides port and starboard. When conditions are more severe, even extreme, as in
- WO 2009/150142 has proposed a floating support of the fixed heading type, namely a platform of the SPAR type equipped with a disconnectable lower structure to which are connected the upper ends of flexible pipes providing fundamental connections. area.
- an advantageous floating support is then of the reel type in which all the bottom-surface connections must converge towards a reel before joining the actual FPSO, via a rotating joint connection located to the axis of said drum.
- the bottom-surface connection pipes are made by flexible pipes directly connecting the pipes resting on the bottom of the sea to the drum, said flexible pipes being generally organized radially or uniformly distributed all around the axis of said drum .
- a flexible connecting pipe between the upper end of said riser and a floating support on the surface, said flexible connecting pipe taking, if appropriate, by its own weight in the form of a plunging chain curve, it is that is to say, descending widely below the float to then go up to said floating support, which plunging chain allows large displacements of the floating support absorbed by the deformations of the flexible pipe, including the rise or fall of said low point of inflection of the plunging chain. But as soon as the water depth reaches 1000-1500m, even 2000-
- the object of the present invention is to provide a new mode of installation of bottom-surface connection of a floating support equipped with a drum on which flexible pipes are fixed and secured to ensure at least partly the connection of the floating support with pipes resting at the bottom of the sea.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a new type of bottom-surface connection which is both less bulky, more mechanically reliable in terms of resistance over time while being less expensive and easier to produce.
- the present invention provides a bottom-to-surface bonding facility between a plurality of subsea pipes lying at the bottom of the sea and a floating support surface and anchored to the sea floor, comprising:
- a said floating support comprising a drum comprising a cavity within a structure remote from the front of the floating support or integrated in or below the hull of the floating support, preferably said cavity passing through the hull of the support floating over its entire height, said drum further comprising a cylindrical inner portion adapted to remain substantially fixed relative to the seabed within said cavity when said floating support is rotated about the vertical axis ZZ 'of said inner portion or said cavity of the drum, said floating support being anchored to the bottom of the sea by lines fixed at their upper ends to said cylindrical inner part of the drum, and
- said installation being characterized in that it comprises a guiding structure maintained in the subsurface H between said reel and said supporting structure, preferably secured to said bearing structure at the top of said rigid ducts, said guiding structure being able to guide said flexible ducts on the one hand, their upper ends connected to said cylindrical inner portion of the drum and on the other hand, their lower ends connected to the upper ends of said rigid pipes, preferably via gooseneck devices, said structure of guide comprising a plurality of first guide members traversed respectively by said plurality of flexible conduits, such that said flexible conduit comprises at least a first flexible pipe portion in a plunging-chain configuration, comprising an intermediate low point of inflexion between a p art the lower end of said flexible pipe connected to the upper end of a said rigid pipe, and secondly, the point of contact of said flexible pipe at said first guide member through which it passes, and a second flexible pipe portion extending entirely above said point of contact of the flexible pipe with said first guide element, with a chain-like curvature from said guide element through which it passes to said drum
- the guide structure according to the invention makes it possible to create a plurality of plunging chains extending (as regards the center of the pipe) in substantially vertical planes passing through the vertical axis ⁇ 'of said guide structure and preferably, where appropriate, in the same plane as that of said gooseneck devices on the one hand, and on the other hand, to space said plunging chains from each other in a horizontal perpendicular plane so as to create a dihedron of a given minimum angle between two substantially vertically adjacent planes in which the axes of said plunging chains extend.
- Said plunger chains of said first portions of flexible pipe constitute a reserve of flexibility allowing controlled deformations, tolerable of said flexible pipes when they are deformed by the movements of the floating support.
- the guiding structure makes it possible to guarantee that the curvature of said plunger chains at their inflexion low point always remains with a radius of curvature greater than a minimum radius of curvature below which the deformation of the flexible duct would become irreversible and / or damage it.
- the guiding structure according to the invention makes it possible to implement with a reduced overall size, a greater number of flexible pipes without q ue they do not interfere with each other and especially do not collide, in case of movement of said floating support related to the swell, the current and / or the waves. It is understood that the vertical axis ZZ 'of said cylindrical internal structure of the drum and that of said drum cavity coincide.
- said cylindrical internal structure of the drum is articulated in relative rotation inside said cavity relative to said remote structure at the front of the support and / or with respect to the shell of said support floating by means of at least one rolling or friction bearing located above the waterline and / or out of water, preferably a rolling bearing, so as to allow rotation of said floating support about said substantially vertical axis ZZ 'of the drum, without causing rotation of said cylindrical internal structure of the drum.
- said cylindrical internal structure of the drum is a sealed tubular structure, comprising a bottom wall sealingly assembled at the lower end of the tubular side wall of said cylindrical internal structure of the drum and second pipes provide the connection between the upper end of said flexible pipes, at said bottom wall of the inner pivoting structure of the drum and the bridge of the floating support, up through said internal structure of the drum and said cavity, to a connection of type joint with rotating joint secured to said floating support.
- said guide structure preferably comprises at least 4, more preferably 6 to 12 said first distributed guide elements, preferably symmetrically and regularly, of preferably still circularly, at the periphery of said guide structure, and whose axes Z 3 Z 3 'are situated at a distance RI of at least 3 m, preferably 3 to 25 m, from the axis ZiZ of said structure of guide. It is understood that the axis ZiZ of the guide structure and cel ui of the carrier structure are substantially aligned with each other and with the axis ZZ 'of the drum when the installation is at rest.
- said guide structure comprises at least one buoyancy element capable of holding said guide structure above said rigid pipe carrying structure at a depth H of at least 25 m, preferably 50 mm. 250 m from the surface.
- buoyancy element exerts a vertical tension, therefore substantially in the axis of said guide structure when the installation is at rest.
- Said buoyancy element of the guide structure is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to contribute to the operation of said carrier structure and to the tensioning, thus to the stiffening of its connection with the base at the bottom of the sea, but also in that it facilitates the installation of said guide structure and its connection with said carrier structure and rigid pipe during the laying process of the installation.
- said buoyancy element is constituted by at least one can whose tensioning force can be varied by ballasting or deballasting said can.
- said guide structure is connected to said support structure by a link constituting a flexible mechanical articulation between said guide structure and said support structure.
- said guide structure comprises at least a first stage Pi of said first guide elements situated at a depth m and at least a second stage P 2 of second guide elements situated above said first guide elements at a depth H2. less than the depth H1 of said first guide elements and through which said second flexible pipe portions pass, the Z 4 Z 4 'axis of each said second guide element being positioned substantially in the same vertical plane, but at a distance R2 closer to the ZL axis of said guide structure than Z 3 Z 3 'of said first guide member above which said second guide member is located and through which passes the same flexible pipe.
- This configuration with at least 2 distribution stages of said first and second guide elements has the advantage of considerably improving the guiding of said flexible ducts, in particular avoiding the risk of damaging the flexible ducts by jamming the flexible duct, creating curvatures.
- excessive and / or axial compression thereof at a said first or second guide element and especially at said first guide elements a dreaded and dangerous phenomenon especially in case of storm and / or ocean-weather conditions severe.
- this feature aims to protect the integrity of flexible pipes, especially in pressure and prevent their bursting and thus the ruin of the installation and the considerable pollution that could result.
- said guide structure is connected to said drum by at least one connecting and tensioning cable.
- tensioning cable means a tensioned cable whose tension is exerted substantially in the axis of the gutter structure in the absence of any other constraint. It can also be a plurality of cables or a cable combined with a plurality of slings, preferably 3 slings arranged crow's foot, whose attachment points are arranged uniformly about the axis of the guide structure, and whose point of suspension of said bridle is connected to the lower end of said tensioning cable, so that the resulting tension of the cable or slings is substantially exerted in the axis of the guide structure in the absence of other constraints.
- this tensioning cable aims to minimize the deformations of the plunger chains of the flexible pipes by driving the upper end of the tower constituted by the assembly of said carrier structure and said rigid pipes during extreme displacements of the floating support under the effect of the swell, wind and current, thereby forcing said tower to tilt substantially proportional to the displacement of said floating support in horizontal translation relative to the passing vertical by said base.
- the guide structure is embedded at the top of the tower and is therefore in continuity with the top of the tower. More particularly, said tensioning cable is tensioned so that the angle ⁇ between the axis Z 2 Z 2 'of said tensioning cable and the axis ZiZi' of said supporting structure, and preferably said tendon, remains lower than 5 °, said floating support being anchored to the bottom of the sea so that the angle ⁇ of inclination between the axis ⁇ of said supporting structure and preferably of said vertical tendon and the vertical Z 0 Z 0 'passing through said base, remains less than 10 ° when the floating support is hectic by the agitation of the sea and / or the strength of the wind despite its anchorage.
- said tensioning cable passes through said drum, preferably substantially to the axis ZZ 'of said drum, and is then rotated on pulleys integral with said drum and / or the structure of the floating support, preferably the support bridge floating, before being tensioned at its free end by a counterweight moving parallel to the axis ZZ 'of said drum in a guide well inside said drum or respectively inside the shell of said floating support.
- said cable is tensioned by means of a hydraulic tensioner secured to the drum or the bridge of the floating support, said hydraulic tensioner comprising at least one hydraulic jack cooperating with a pulley muffling, the end said tensioning cable being connected to a fixed point integral with the support of said hydraulic cylinder, and a hydraulic unit consisting of accumulators and pumps being able to maintain a given substantially constant pressure in said cylinder for providing a substantially constant given voltage in said tensioning cable.
- This embodiment of the tensioning of the tensioning cable is more complex than the use of a counterweight, but has the advantage of being able to adjust the tensioning in real time by simply changing the pressure setpoint within the accumulators, which can be done with greater speed in the case of severe ocean-meteorological conditions and possibly requiring a fine adjustment of the tensioning of said tensioning cable to minimize the stresses imposed on the flexible pipes.
- said tensioning cable cooperates with a swivel on the path of the cable, preferably inside the drum, so that the lower part of the cable below said swivel remains without torsion when the upper part of said tensioning cable follows the movements in relative rotation of said floating support relative to said inner cylindrical portion of the drum.
- the installation comprises a fastening structure fixed, preferably reversibly, on the underside of the bottom wall, said internal cylindrical portion of the drum, said flexible pipes being moored to said structure of mooring at their said upper ends and said floating support being anchored to the bottom of the sea via anchor lines moored to said mooring structure, preferably a plurality of second connecting lines extending through said drum between the upper ends of said flexible conduits and the bridge of the floating support passing through the bottom wall of the inner cylindrical portion of the drum and back up to a connection, preferably of the rotary joint type, to which said second lines of connection, said connection being secured to the floating support, preferably at the bridge of the support f loating.
- Said mooring structure can be connected and / or disconnected quickly from the drum, said mooring structure preferably has buoyancy elements so as to remain in subsurface when said mooring structure is disconnected from the drum, which is advantageous to achieve in the event of a strong storm and the movements of the floating support would be too large despite the implementation of the installation according to the invention as described above.
- the installation comprises a hybrid multi-riser tower comprising: a) a vertical tendon suspended from at least one submerged submerged float, preferably via a chain or cable, said tendon is attached at its lower end to a base resting at the bottom from the sea and / or sunken to the bottom of the sea, preferably by means of a flexible mechanical joint, and b) a plurality of vertical rigid pipes called "riser", the lower ends of which are connected via junction pipe elements and automatic connectors to the plurality of said pipes lying at the bottom of the sea, and c) a plurality of buoyancy and guide modules supported by said tendon, said buoyancy and guide modules supporting buoyancy elements and guiding said risers in position, preferably regularly and symmetrically distributed around said tendon, said buoyancy and guide modules preferably constituting a plurality of independent structures slidable along said tendon and along said risers, said structure supporting buoyancy elements and guiding said risers into position ion, preferably regularly and symmetrically distributed around said
- buoyancy modules as described in WO 2006/136960 and FR-09 51218 filed February 26, 2009 in the name of the applicant.
- a multiple hybrid tower comprising an anchoring system with a vertical tendon consisting of either a cable or a metal bar, or a pipe stretched at its end superior by a float.
- the lower end of the tendon is attached to a base resting at the bottom.
- Said tendon comprises guiding means distributed over its entire length through which passes a plurality of said risers vertical.
- Said base can be placed simply on the seabed and stay in place by its own weight, or remain anchored by means of batteries or any other device to keep it in place.
- the lower end of the vertical riser is adapted to be connected to the end of a bent sleeve, movable, between a high position and a low position, with respect to said base, to which this cuff is suspended and associated with a return means bringing it back to a high position in the absence of the riser.
- This mobility of the bent sleeve makes it possible to absorb the length variations of the riser under the effects of the temperature and the pressure of the fluid flowing through it.
- a stop device integral with it, comes to rest on the support guide installed at the head of the float and thus maintains the entire riser in suspension.
- connection with the submarine pipe resting on the seabed is generally effected by a pig-shaped or S-shaped pipe portion, said S then being made in a vertical or horizontal plane, the connection with said underwater pipe is generally carried out via an automatic connector.
- the vertical tendon is connected at its lower end to the base by a flexible joint type laminated stopper marketed by the company TECHLAM France or roto-latch ® type , available from OILSTATES USA, known to the man of the art.
- This embodiment comprising a multiplicity of risers maintained by a central structure comprising guide means is advantageous when it is possible to pre-manufacture the entire tower on the ground, before towing it at sea and then once on site. , cabaner for its final establishment. To do this, the technique used is similar to that described in
- WO-2006-136960 and WO-2008-056185 which consists in suspending the upper ends of pipes to a carrier upper structure and in securing a plurality of buoyancy or insulating-buoyancy modules, to the central tendon, by the intermediate of a plurality of structurally integral elements of the tendon and also acting as a guide of the various vertical pipes, thus allowing them to lengthen freely downwards when they are pressurized or / and subjected to a high temperature ( crude oil from wells).
- buoyancy elements are evenly spaced along the length of the vertical tendon, which allows towing the tower at sea, which floats thanks to its elements. buoyancy and distributed throughout its length.
- the present invention also provides a method of towing at sea a tower and setting up an installation according to the invention, characterized in that said tower comprises the following successive steps in which:
- said tower is towed at sea by a laying ship in a horizontal position, said tower floating on the surface thanks to said so-called buoyancy elements distributed along said tower, and
- said guide structure is lowered from the laying ship (11) and connected to the top of said tower, and
- a buoyancy canister is deballed from said guiding structure, then the descent cable is disconnected from said guiding structure, so that by its own buoyancy said guiding structure then remains in a substantially vertical position at above said tower, and
- connection and tensioning cable is installed between the floating support and the guide structure, and said cable is tensioned to maintain said guide structure and said connected tower stiff enough to allow the subsequent laying of said flexible pipes, and
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a melting connection surface) surface according to the invention, connected to an FPSO 1 equipped with a drum 2 cantilevered on the front, the assembly being at rest, in configuration substantially vertical,
- FIG. 1A is a view presenting symmetrical and inverted chain-like curves above and below the
- FIG. 2 is a side view similar to that of Figure 1, wherein the wind and the current have rotated the ship 180 °, the axis ⁇ of the tower 4 is then tilted from ⁇ to the left by relative to the axis Z 0 Z 0 ', vertical passing through the base,
- FIG. 3 is a side view detailing the on-site towing of a tower 4 and then its cabanage and its attachment to a base 8 resting on the bottom of the sea 12,
- FIG. 4 is a side view of the tower of FIG. 3, detailing the position in place from a laying ship 11 of a guide structure
- FIG. 5 is a side view relating to FIG. 4 showing the placement of a FPSO anchored on a cantilevered drum on the front, a tensioning cable 6 connecting the top of said guide structure 5 to the said reel, and detailing the installation of a connecting hose 7,
- FIG. 6 is a side view of an FPSO anchored to a drum inside said FPSO, the flexible pipes 7 passing from their lower end 7-1 'to the top of the tower 4 successively in first guide elements 5b, and then second guide elements 5b 'before reaching the drum 2,
- FIG. 7A is a side view in broken form detailing a first means of ensuring the tensioning of the connecting and tensioning cable 6 with the sum of the tower 4, using a counterweight 23, said counterweight being located in the same structure of the drum,
- FIG. 7B is a variant of FIG. 7A, in which the counterweight 23 is located outside said drum, and inside the FPSO structure,
- - Figure 8 is a second way to ensure the tensioning of the connecting cable 6 with the top of the tower, using a hydraulic tensioner 30 associated with hydraulic accumulators, - Figure 8A details the cable moufflage tensioning device 6 at each of the ends of the strut of the tensioner of FIG. 8,
- FIG. 9A is a vertical cross-sectional view of a guiding structure 5
- FIG. 9B is a top view of a guiding structure of FIG. 9A, comprising 12 guiding elements 5b distributed circularly and regularly on the periphery 5-1 of the guiding structure 5.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of a tower equipped with buoyancy modules and guide 4c ,.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of a floating support of type "FPSO" 1 secured to a drum 2 located cantilevered on the front of said FPSO, said drum being anchored by a plurality of anchor lines lb connected to unrepresented anchors planted in the subsea soil 12
- the reel known to those skilled in the art, is shown in FIGS. 7A-7B and has a central cylindrical portion 2a substantially fixed in rotation relative to the seabed 12, inside a cavity 2d through the shell of the floating support 1. Said central cylindrical portion 2a and the hull cooperate in relative rotation through upper bearing bearings 2al and lower 2a2, the outer parts 2a 'are integral with the shell and / or the bridge 1.
- the vertical axis ZZ ' corresponds to the axis of the cavity 2d and the central cylindrical portion 2a of the drum 2 below.
- the tower 4 comprises a plurality of vertical rigid pipes or steel riser 4a arranged in bundles all around a central tendon 4b connected to said base 8 by a mechanical joint, preferably a hinge with flexible joints 8a.
- Buoyancy elements 4c are distributed along the tower 4 and give the assembly a positive buoyancy, which makes it possible to vertically tension the tower 4, whose axis ZiZi 'may, however, adopt an angular inclination ⁇ with respect to the vertical Z 0 Z 0 'up to a maximum of 10 to 15 ° when the floating support is subjected to extreme movements due to wind, wave or current.
- the value of the angle ⁇ depends on the stiffness of the anchorage lb of the FPSO.
- Each of the rigid pipes 4a is equipped, at the head of a device called "gooseneck" 4-1 ensuring the connection with the end of a flexible pipe 7.
- each of said rigid pipes 4a is equipped in the foot of a bend, in particular a 4-2 bent pipe element at the end of which is installed the male / female part of a connector 9 cooperating with the female / male part of said automatic connector 9 secured to a junction piece 5a also consisting of a pipe element comprising a plurality of curvatures, connecting in a known manner a pipe 3 resting 12.
- the buoyancy elements 4c distributed along the tower 4 giving the whole a positive buoyancy, also makes it possible to carry out the on-site towing and the first phases of installation removal. according to the invention in excellent safety conditions, as will be explained earlier with reference to FIG. 3.
- a guide structure 5 is connected to said top of the tower by a mechanical joint flexible chain type 5a, and the drum 2 by a tensioning cable 6 connected in 5d to said structure 5, for example at the top of a buoyancy can 5c axially integrated with said structu 5 in the alignment ZiZi 'of the tower 4.
- an angular inclination a can be created between the axis Z 2 Z 2 ' of the tensioning cable 6 connected to the drum 2 in surface and the axis ZiZi 'of the tower 4 and substantially corresponding to that of the guide structure 5.
- a plurality of guide elements 5b are distributed circularly, preferably regularly to the periphery 5-1 of said guide structure 5 , each of them receiving, that is to say being traversed by a flexible pipe 7 connecting at its lower end 7- the gooseneck device 4- 1 and at its upper end 7-2 ', the structure of mooring 2c attached to the bottom wall 2c-1 of said cylindrical central portion 2a, which constitutes the inner portion of the drum 2.
- the virtual center line of each of the flexible pipes 7 is located substantially in the same plane as the vertical axial plane of said gooseneck 4-1, which axial plane vertical also comprises the vertical axes Z 3 Z 3 'and Z 4 Z 4 ' of the guide elements 5b and 5b '.
- the goosenecks and flexible pipes 7 are connected to a coupling 2b with a rotating joint on the bridge 1a through second conduits 14 passing through the central cylindrical inner portion 2a of the drum 2 in known manner.
- the guide elements 5b in the number of 12 are arranged regularly, symmetrically and circularly around an axial 5c central canister, said guide elements 5b being supported by radially arranged structure elements 5-2 ensuring the joining of the guide elements 5b with the can 5c on the one hand and on the other hand, by peripheral structure elements 5-1 providing the junction between two successive guide elements 5b at the periphery of the guiding structure 5.
- the flexible ducts 7 adopt curvatures in a geometric configuration of a chain, that is to say, whose radius of curvature increases continuously from its low point to a high point according to a known formula incorporating a hyperbolic Cosinus function.
- Said first portion of flexible pipe 7-1 adopts below the guide element 5b it passes through a so-called plunging chain configuration with a low point 7 ', said plunging chain being composed of the two curves in chain respectively descending Cla and ascending Cla symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis D 0 passing through the low point 7 ', as shown in Figure 1A.
- the curve Clb' the flexible pipe 7-2 reverses, that is to say, continues following a curve in chain Cla substantially symmetrical with the chain portion of curve Cla 'by relative to the vertical axis Z 3 Z 3 'of the guide elements 5b at the point of contact 5b l.
- the curve of the flexible pipe 7 thus undergoes at the point of contact 5b with the guide element 5b, a quasi-inversion of the direction of variation of its curvature.
- the buoyancy of the can 5c By adjusting the buoyancy of the can 5c, which is deballasted by means known but not shown, it increases the stiffness of the tower 4, that is to say the ability of the tower to return to its natural vertical position .
- the buoyancy of the can 5c By increasing the buoyancy of the can 5c, it will increase the tendency of the tower to remain vertical when the FPSO is driven by the swell, the wind and the current, for example to the left as shown in FIG.
- the tension in the cable 6 the tower will have a more pronounced tendency to follow more closely the movements of the FPSO, and thus take a more or less inclined position ⁇ according to the extent of displacement of said FPSO.
- the tensioning of the cable 6 is adjusted so that the angle ⁇ between the axis Z 2 Z 2 'of the tensioning cable 6 and the axis ZiZi' of the tower 4 do not exceed 5 °, the axis ⁇ ⁇ 'of the tower 4 substantially aligned with that of the guide structure not exceeding 5 °.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show the two flexible pipes 7a-7b slide freely in their respective first guide elements 5b (shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) and always naturally retain chain configurations as described above by virtue of the said guide elements 5b with which they are in contact 5b-1, thus guaranteeing a reserve of flexibility linked to an optimal operation of the bottom-surface connection.
- Figures 3, 4 and 5 detailed the various phases of installation on site of the tower.
- the tower is prefabricated horizontally and then towed on site always in a horizontal position; it floats thanks to the set of buoyancy elements 4c distributed along said tower.
- a dead body 13 is installed at the base of the tower and, in known manner, said tower is connected to the base 8 at the level of the flexible mechanical articulation 8a. By its own buoyancy, the tower then naturally remains in a vertical position as shown in FIG.
- An installation vessel 11 then descends the guide structure 5 and connects it with the chain 5a at the top of the tower, as shown in FIG. 4.
- the can 5c is then unpacked, then the descent cable 11a is disconnected.
- the guiding structure 5 then remains in a substantially vertical position, in the same manner as the tower 4.
- the FPSO is then installed and anchored on the spot with anchor lines 1b, such as shown in Figure 5, and then installs the tensioning cable 6 which is pretensioned to a suitable value.
- FIG. 6 shows a variant of the invention installed on an FPSO having an internal drum located in the forward third part of the ship 1.
- the guiding structure advantageously has a first stage of first guide elements 5b located at the level of a first lower guide plane P1 at a depth H1 distributed over a circumference of radius R1 from 5 to 25m, and a second stage of second guide elements 5b 'situated at an upper guide plane P2 situated at a depth H2 between the 2 and the first guide plane Pl.
- Said second guide elements 5b ' are distributed at the periphery of the second stage of the guide structure 5b, with their axes Z 4 Z 4 ' situated in the same vertical plane as the Z axes 3 Z 3 'first guide elements.
- a flexible pipe 7 will pass through the two guide elements 5b 'and 5b disposed in the same plane passing through said axes ⁇ 3 ⁇ 3 ', Z 4 Z 4 ', and the axis ZiZi' of the guide structure 5, so that the chain curves of the various portions 7-1, 7-2a, 7-2b are located substantially in the same vertical plane.
- the flexible pipe portion 7-2a is situated between a first guide element 5b and a second guide element 5b ', while the second portion 7-2b of a second conduit portion 7-2 is located between the second guide element 5b 'and the upper end 7-2' of the flexible pipe 7.
- the guiding structure 5b is installed in the absence of the effects of the swell and the height H2 of the upper stage P2 of the guiding elements 5b 'will be 40 to 200 m and the height H1 of the first stage of first Guiding elements 5b the deepest will be located at a depth Hl of 45 to 250 m.
- FIG. 6A illustrates such jamming, feared mainly at the level of the first plane of guidance Pl. Indeed, such a wedging configuration at the inlet of the guide element locally places the flexible pipe 7 in axial compression at the level 5b-1 of the first guide element 5b, which is detrimental to the integrity of the pipe it is flexible in pressure and may lead to bursting, ruin and considerable polution.
- FIG. 7A a first tensioning mode of the cable 6 is shown in section and broken away with reference to the internal drum of FIG. 6.
- Said cable 6 enters the drum 2, preferably in the axis of the drum, and is guided by a fairlead or rollers 20. It is rotated on a pulley device 21 secured to 22 of the structure of said drum and is connected at its end to a counterweight 23 moving along a vertical axis parallel to the axis ZZ 'in a well guide not shown, integral with said drum.
- This means has the advantage of being very simple and requires only a minimum of maintenance.
- FIG. 7B shows in section a second mode of tensioning of the cable 6 with reference to the internal drum of FIG. 6.
- Said cable 6 enters the drum 2, preferably in the axis of the drum, and is guided by a fairlead or 20. It completely traverses the drum as well as the rotary joint fitting 2b to which the flexible lines 14 are connected, and leaves above the bridge 1a of the FPSO, then is rotated on a pulley device 24a-24b integral with the structure. of bridge the FPSO, then its end is connected to a counterweight 23 moving along the vertical axis parallel to the axis ZZ 'in a guide well 25 integrated in the shell of the FPSO.
- This means also has the advantage of being very simple and requires minimal maintenance.
- a journal or swivel 6b is provided on the course of the cable, preferably inside the drum 2, for example halfway up the drum, so that the 6c lower part of the cable 6 remains substantially fixed in rotation without torsion vis-à-vis the seabed, and the upper portion 6a of said tensioning cable 6 above the swivel 6b follows the movements of the FPSO without causing torsion in the cable, whatever the number of turns made by the ship around its vertical axis ZZ '.
- FIG 8 there is shown a third tensioning mode of the cable 6 based on the use of a hydraulic tensioner 30 integral with the drum 2 or the bridge of the FPSO.
- This type of tensioner known to those skilled in the art consists of a single acting hydraulic jack 30a provided at the bottom and at the top of the cylinder rod pulley pulley 30b, the cable 6 being moufflé in known manner around said pulleys and its end being connected to a fixed point secured to the support of said cylinder.
- a hydraulic unit 30c consisting of accumulators and pumps maintains a substantially constant given pressure in the cylinder 30a, so a given voltage substantially constant in the cable 6, whatever the amount of cable wound or unrolled.
- FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which the buoyancy elements 4c of the tower 4 are constituted by buoyancy and guiding modules 4c, sliding along the vertical tendon 4b and risers 4a, the latter being secured to their somet by a bearing structure 4bl, and symmetrically distributed around the vertical tendon 4b. Said buoyancy and guide modules 4c, also cooperating in sliding with the risers 4a and vertical tendon 4b so as to maintain the risers uniformly and regularly distributed around the vertical tendon 4b.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112012029445-8A BR112012029445B1 (pt) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-05-18 | instalação de ligação fundo-superfície e método de reboque no mar de uma torre |
US13/697,953 US8888412B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-05-18 | Seabed-to-surface linking equipment including a flexible pipe guiding structure |
EP11726880.5A EP2571753B1 (fr) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-05-18 | Installation de liaison fond-surface comprenant une structure de guidage de conduite flexible |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1053909 | 2010-05-20 | ||
FR1053909A FR2960208B1 (fr) | 2010-05-20 | 2010-05-20 | Installation de liaison fond-surface comprenant une structure de guidage de conduite flexible |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011144864A1 true WO2011144864A1 (fr) | 2011-11-24 |
Family
ID=43532981
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2011/051118 WO2011144864A1 (fr) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-05-18 | Installation de liaison fond-surface comprenant une structure de guidage de conduite flexible |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8888412B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2571753B1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112012029445B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2960208B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011144864A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013140090A1 (fr) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-26 | Saipem S.A. | Installation de liaisons fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-risers comprenant des conduites flexibles a flottabilite positive |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015168432A1 (fr) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-05 | Seahorse Equipment Corp | Système de colonne montante articulée en faisceau pour navire d'installation flottante de production, stockage et déchargement |
ES2959505T3 (es) * | 2015-03-13 | 2024-02-26 | Ge Renewable Tech Wind Bv | Procedimiento y dispositivo de manipulación de piezas de turbina eólica |
US9683411B1 (en) | 2016-03-14 | 2017-06-20 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Multiple bore flexible pipe riser systems and methods for deployment thereof |
BR102018076868A2 (pt) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-07-07 | Odebrecht Óleo E Gás S.A. | sistema de guias em uma torre de elevação híbrida, e, torre de elevação híbrida |
Citations (7)
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FR951218A (fr) | 1946-05-16 | 1949-10-19 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Perfectionnements aux systèmes d'alimentation en combustible des moteurs à réaction, turbines à gaz et sources de puissance similaires |
US4470722A (en) * | 1981-12-31 | 1984-09-11 | Exxon Production Research Co. | Marine production riser system and method of installing same |
WO2000049267A1 (fr) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-24 | Bouygues Offshore | Procede et dispositif de liaison fond-surface par conduite sous-marine installee a grande profondeur |
WO2006136960A2 (fr) | 2005-06-18 | 2006-12-28 | Acergy France Sa | Tour de colonne montante hybride et procedes d'installation |
WO2008056185A2 (fr) | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-15 | Acergy France Sa | Tour de colonne montante hybride et ses procédés d'installation associés |
WO2009122098A2 (fr) | 2008-03-21 | 2009-10-08 | Saipem S.A. | Support flottant equipe de touret comprenant des paliers de roulement hors d'eau |
WO2009150142A1 (fr) | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-17 | Technip France | Installation d'extraction d'un fluide d'une masse d'eau et procédé associé |
Family Cites Families (6)
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US4423984A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1984-01-03 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Marine compliant riser system |
FR2588926B1 (fr) * | 1985-10-18 | 1988-08-26 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Dispositif et methode de mise en place et de connexion a distance d'une extremite d'un element allonge a un connecteur |
US5117914A (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-06-02 | Blandford Joseph W | Method and apparatus for production of subsea hydrocarbon formations |
FR2852677B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-18 | 2006-01-06 | Saipem Sa | Dispositif de rechauffage et d'isolation thermique d'au moins une conduite sous-marine |
US7819195B2 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2010-10-26 | Vetco Gray Inc. | External high pressure fluid reservoir for riser tensioner cylinder assembly |
FR2928898B1 (fr) * | 2008-03-21 | 2010-04-16 | Saipem Sa | Support flottant comprenant un touret equipe d'une bouee d'amarrage de conduites de liaison fond/surface deconnectable |
-
2010
- 2010-05-20 FR FR1053909A patent/FR2960208B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-05-18 BR BR112012029445-8A patent/BR112012029445B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2011-05-18 EP EP11726880.5A patent/EP2571753B1/fr active Active
- 2011-05-18 US US13/697,953 patent/US8888412B2/en active Active
- 2011-05-18 WO PCT/FR2011/051118 patent/WO2011144864A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR951218A (fr) | 1946-05-16 | 1949-10-19 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Perfectionnements aux systèmes d'alimentation en combustible des moteurs à réaction, turbines à gaz et sources de puissance similaires |
US4470722A (en) * | 1981-12-31 | 1984-09-11 | Exxon Production Research Co. | Marine production riser system and method of installing same |
WO2000049267A1 (fr) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-24 | Bouygues Offshore | Procede et dispositif de liaison fond-surface par conduite sous-marine installee a grande profondeur |
WO2006136960A2 (fr) | 2005-06-18 | 2006-12-28 | Acergy France Sa | Tour de colonne montante hybride et procedes d'installation |
WO2008056185A2 (fr) | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-15 | Acergy France Sa | Tour de colonne montante hybride et ses procédés d'installation associés |
WO2009122098A2 (fr) | 2008-03-21 | 2009-10-08 | Saipem S.A. | Support flottant equipe de touret comprenant des paliers de roulement hors d'eau |
WO2009150142A1 (fr) | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-17 | Technip France | Installation d'extraction d'un fluide d'une masse d'eau et procédé associé |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013140090A1 (fr) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-26 | Saipem S.A. | Installation de liaisons fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-risers comprenant des conduites flexibles a flottabilite positive |
FR2988424A1 (fr) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-27 | Saipem Sa | Installation de liaisons fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-risers comprenant des conduites flexibles a flottabilite positive |
US9115543B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2015-08-25 | Saipem S.A. | Installation comprising seabed-to-surface connections of the multi-riser hybrid tower type, including positive-buoyancy flexible pipes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8888412B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 |
EP2571753B1 (fr) | 2014-01-08 |
BR112012029445A2 (pt) | 2017-02-21 |
BR112012029445B1 (pt) | 2021-05-11 |
FR2960208A1 (fr) | 2011-11-25 |
FR2960208B1 (fr) | 2012-08-10 |
EP2571753A1 (fr) | 2013-03-27 |
US20130064606A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
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