WO2011139674A2 - Système de collecte et de distribution d'énergie renouvelable - Google Patents

Système de collecte et de distribution d'énergie renouvelable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011139674A2
WO2011139674A2 PCT/US2011/033902 US2011033902W WO2011139674A2 WO 2011139674 A2 WO2011139674 A2 WO 2011139674A2 US 2011033902 W US2011033902 W US 2011033902W WO 2011139674 A2 WO2011139674 A2 WO 2011139674A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
output
medium voltage
phase
cells
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/033902
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011139674A3 (fr
Inventor
Mark Harshman
Andreas Luczak
Richard A. Thomas
Original Assignee
Siemens Industry, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Industry, Inc. filed Critical Siemens Industry, Inc.
Publication of WO2011139674A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011139674A2/fr
Publication of WO2011139674A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011139674A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an inverting apparatus for converting DC power into AC power. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a system for converting low voltage DC power produced by a renewable energy source such as an array of solar panels to medium voltage AC power.
  • renewable resources such as wind, solar, tidal and geothermic energy sources
  • sources of power have been increasing and evolving in recent years.
  • large scale solar and wind farms are being built to replace power generators that use fossil fuels.
  • technology related to harnessing the power created by the renewable resources and converting the power into usable forms has been increasing and evolving as well.
  • a solar field may cover several acres and contain thousands of solar panels.
  • each solar panel may produce low voltage DC power.
  • the low voltage DC power created by the individual solar panels must be collected, converted to a usable form such as high voltage AC power, and transmitted to clients for use in everyday activities.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary solar power collection and distribution system.
  • Solar power is collected via multiple solar panels 102A, 102B, 102C and 102D. It should be noted that four solar panels are shown by way of example only.
  • a typical solar collection system may include many thousands of solar panels.
  • a solar collection system may include a single solar panel. Any power collected by the solar panels 102A- 102D is passed to a DC bus 104.
  • the power collected and passed to the DC bus 104 is typically a low voltage DC power, generally around 200-800V DC depending on the number of solar panels collecting power.
  • a series of low voltage inverters 108A, 108B and 108C are connected to the DC bus 104 via a series of input switches 106 A, 106B and 106C. It should be noted that while three low voltage inverters are shown in FIG. 1, the actual number may vary depending on the number of solar panels being used.
  • the low voltage inverters 108 A, 108B, and 108C are typically limited in size and power production capabilities. For example, an inverter may be capable of producing 100 kW to 500 kW.
  • the inverters are limited to outputting a single voltage, typically either 480V AC or 690V AC.
  • each low voltage inverter 108A, 108B and 108C passes through an output switch 110A, HOB and HOC respectively, and is combined into a single three phase AC output.
  • the three phase AC output is passed to a distribution transformer 112 where the low voltage signal (e.g., either 480V AC or 690V AC as output by the inverters 108 A, 108B and 108C) is stepped up to a medium voltage signal such as 4.2kV.
  • the medium voltage signal is then passed to a power substation 114 where the medium voltage signal is stepped up to a high voltage signal (e.g., 13.8kV) for transmission to an end user or a utility grid.
  • the embodiments disclose a power collection and distribution system.
  • the power collection and distribution system includes a renewable energy power source configured to produce a low voltage DC power output, a medium voltage inverter operably connected to the renewable energy power source and configured to receive the low voltage DC power output and output a medium voltage AC output, and a power substation comprising a transformer operably connected to the medium voltage inverter and configured to receive the medium voltage AC power output, step-up the medium voltage AC power output to a high voltage power output, and transmit the high voltage AC power output to a utility grid.
  • the embodiments disclose a power collection and distribution system.
  • the power collection and distribution system includes a renewable energy power source configured to produce a low voltage DC power output; a medium voltage inverter operably connected to the renewable energy power source via a DC bus and configured to receive the low voltage DC power output and output a medium voltage AC output, wherein the medium voltage inverter comprises a plurality of power cells, each of the plurality of power cells operably connected to the renewable energy power source and having a single-phase output, the plurality of cells being connected with respective others of the plurality of power cells in each phase output to produce the three-phase AC power output; and a power substation comprising a transformer operably connected to the medium voltage inverter and configured to receive the medium voltage AC power output, step-up the medium voltage AC power output to a high voltage power output, and transmit the high voltage AC power output to a utility grid.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art embodiment of a solar power collection and distribution system
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary solar power collection and distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary inverter for use in the solar power collection and distribution system of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary schematic of a power cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • low voltage refers to a voltage level less than or equal to 1000 volts, or lkV.
  • Medium voltage refers to a voltage level between 1000 volts and 30000 volts.
  • High voltage refers to a voltage level equal to or greater than 30000 volts, or 30kV.
  • a "utility grid” refers to a one or more wires or other transmission media configured to transmit power from one area to another. For example, a utility grid may be positioned between a power plant and a series of buildings, the utility grid transmitting any power generated by the power plant to the buildings for use.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary solar power collection and distribution system that incorporates a limited number of components.
  • Solar power may be collected via multiple solar panels 202 A, 202B, 202C and 202D. It should be noted that four solar panels are shown by way of example only. A typical solar collection system may include many thousands of solar panels. Similarly, a solar collection system may include a single solar panel. Any power collected by the solar panels 202A-202D may be passed to a DC bus 204. The power collected and passed to the DC bus 204 may typically be a low voltage DC power, generally around 200-800V DC depending on the number of solar panels collecting power.
  • a single medium voltage inverter 206 may be connected directly to the DC bus 204.
  • the single medium voltage inverter 206 may be configured to receive the low voltage DC power from the DC bus 204 and convert the low voltage DC power to a medium voltage three phase AC power output such as an output between lOkV and 30kV (e.g., 14kV).
  • the medium voltage three phase AC power output from the medium voltage inverter 206 may pass through an output switch 208 to a power substation 210.
  • the power substation 210 may step up the medium voltage three phase AC power output to a high voltage signal (e.g., up to 1 lOkV or more depending on the capabilities of the transmission grid) for transmission to an end user or a utility grid.
  • the solar power collection and distribution system as shown in FIG. 2 eliminates a number of switches, redundant inverters and the distribution transformer.
  • the output of the medium voltage inverter such that the output voltage matches the distribution voltage, thus also eliminating the power substation.
  • a solar power plant is operably connected to a distribution grid.
  • the PV plant includes 1000 solar panels each outputting 300V.
  • One or more medium voltage inverter are operably connected to the solar panels and receives the 300V from each panel.
  • the one or more medium voltage inverters convert the low voltage input to approximately 14kV.
  • the output of the medium voltage inverters is transmitted to a power substation where several switches and other protection equipment isolates the solar power plant from the grid.
  • the power output form the medium voltage inverters is directly distributed via the grid to one or more customers or other receiving entities.
  • a second solar power plant is operably connected to a distribution grid via a power substation including a high voltage transformer.
  • the PV plant includes 1000 solar panels each outputting 300V.
  • One or more medium voltage inverter are operably connected to the solar panels and receives the 300V from each panel.
  • the one or more medium voltage inverters convert the low voltage input to approximately 14kV.
  • the output of the medium voltage inverters is transmitted to a power substation where several switches and other protection equipment isolates the solar power plant from the grid.
  • the power received from the medium voltage inverters is stepped-up by the high voltage transformer to approximately lOOkV for distribution via the grid to one or more customers or other receiving entities.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary medium voltage inverter as discussed above in regard to FIG. 2.
  • the medium voltage inverter may be an inverter such as that taught by U.S. Patent No. 5,625,545 to Peter W. Hammond, the contents of which is hereby
  • DC bus 204 may supply input DC power to power cells 301 through 309 of medium voltage inverter 206.
  • Multiple power cells 301-309 may be connected to each of phase output lines 310, 311, and 312, which may represent phase A, phase B and phase C, respectively, of a three phase medium voltage output 313.
  • Multiple cells may be connected in parallel on each phase output line, thus making it possible to produce multiple medium- voltage input phases with a plurality of low- voltage power cells, thus resulting in the single medium voltage inverter 206 for use in the solar power collection and distribution system as discussed in regard to FIG. 2.
  • Multiple voltage states per phase are possible. The multiple voltage states per phase may be used to obtain improved current waveforms.
  • Each power cell may be constructed internally to low- voltage standards, for example, each power cell may have a 600-volt rating, despite its inclusion in a medium- voltage apparatus.
  • the individual power cells may be isolated from ground, and other power cells, using insulation suitable for the medium voltage level being used.
  • Other power cell ratings may be used depending on the desired output of the medium voltage inverter 206. For example, to produce a 4.2kV AC output as discussed above for transmission to the power substation 210, each cell may have a 1400-volt rating.
  • phase output line 310 may be connected in parallel with phase A power cells 301, 304, and 307.
  • phase output line 311 may be connected in parallel with phase B power cells 302, 305, and 308.
  • phase output line 312 may be connected in parallel with phase C power cells 303, 306, and 309.
  • the individual ranks of cells feeding phase output lines 310, 311, and 312 may be joined by a WYE connection 315 with a floating neutral.
  • power cells 301 through 309 may impress a sufficient medium-voltage line-to-line voltage on output 313, even though power cells 301 through 309 may be constructed internally of components rated to low-voltage standards.
  • each power cell may be constructed internally to low- voltage standards. For example, each power cell may have a 1400-volt rating, despite its inclusion in a medium- voltage apparatus. In such an
  • the individual power cells may be isolated from ground, and other power cells, using insulation suitable for the medium voltage level being used.
  • an alternative number of power cells per phase output line may be provided. Due to the parallel connection between three of the power cells in each phase output line, such as, for example, power cells 301, 304, and 307 in phase output line 310, by adjusting the volts rating per cell, it may be possible to produce a variable output voltage neutral for each phase. Each power cell may be operated independently of the others. Therefore, it may be possible to provide numerous voltage levels per phase, each of which may have a voltage requirement of up to 4200 VDC. The approximate values of those voltage states include +/-4200 VDC, +/-2800 VDC, +/-1400 VDC and zero VDC. However, it should be noted these values are merely examples and may vary depending on the number of power cells per phase, rating of the individual power cells used, and various other factors.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary schematic of an individual power cell as used in FIG. 3.
  • Power cell 50 may convert DC input power into a filtered DC power output.
  • the rectification be performed by diodes. Rectifying diodes 51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b, and 52c may be activated by the DC input power received from the DC bus 204. Together, the diodes 51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b, 52c form a bridge rectifier.
  • Rectification may produce both a DC current and ripple current.
  • One or more single-phase H-bridge output converters may reflect a ripple current at twice the frequency of output 313.
  • the DC currents of the rectifier may generally match the DC current of the output converter, but the instantaneous ripple currents generally may not match.
  • the capacitors 53a and 53b may be representative of a capacitor bank, the precise values of which may depend upon the power requirements of the load operably connected to the output 313.
  • the DC power may be selectively supplied to output lines 54 and 55 using a pulse width modulation (PWM) method.
  • Pulse-width modulation may be effected using a bridge converter which is composed of semiconductor switches. Such switches are preferred to be power transistors as shown by transistors 56 (Ql), 57 (Q3), 58 (Q2), and 59 (Q4). It may also be preferred that transistors 56 through 59 be either fully ON or fully OFF as they operate, and not significantly modulate pulse amplitude.
  • transistors 56 through 59 may be connected in a single- phase H-bridge configuration. To form the H-bridge configuration, it may be preferred to connect the emitter of transistor 56 (Ql) to the collector of transistor 58 (Q3). Similarly, the emitter of transistor 57 (Q4) may be connected to the collector of transistor 59 (Q4). Transistor pairs 56, 58, i.e., Ql and Q2, and 57, 59, i.e., Q3 and Q4, may each be connected to the DC power supply with the collectors of transistors 56 (Ql) and 57 (Q3) being connected to the positive side and the emitters of transistors 58 (Q2) and 59 (Q4) being connected to the negative side.
  • Overvoltage protection of each of transistors 56 through 59 may be accomplished by use of anti-parallel diodes 60, 61, 62, and 63.
  • the cathode of diodes 60 through 63 may be connected to the collector of transistors 56 through 59, respectively, and the anodes of diodes 60 through 63 may be connected to the emitters of transistors 56 through 59, respectively.
  • Transistors 56 through 59 may be power transistors, such as for example, bipolar transistors or insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Often such transistors include the anti-parallel diodes in one package.
  • Power in the form of pulse-width-modulated pulses, may be delivered to a first phase output line segment 54 by a connection between the emitter of transistor 56 (Ql) and the collector of transistor 58 (Q2). Likewise, power may be delivered to a second phase output line segment 55 by a connection between the emitter of transistor 57 (Q3) and the collector of transistor 59 (Q4).
  • the transistors 56 through 59 may receive controlling signals from local modulation controller 65 through suitable isolation means. Any suitable gating controller may be used. Isolation may be provided by fiber-optic means.
  • the controller 65 may select either of transistor 56 (Ql) or 58 (Q2) to be ON, and either of transistor 57 (Q3) or 59 (Q4) to be ON, which may permit power to pass to a load 68 by way of the first phase output line segment 54 or the second phase output line segment 55, respectively.
  • Fiber-optic modulator control links 66 may be used to electrically isolate all circuits in any one cell from all circuits in any other cell, and to reduce electromagnetic interference effects which may be imposed between local controller 65 and master modulation controller 67.
  • Local modulation controller 65 may receive power from local control power source 64 which may be electrically connected to secondary winding circuit input 69.
  • each cell may have only three possible output voltages at any instant in time. For example, if transistors 56 (Ql) and 59 (Q4) are ON, the output can be +1400 volts between first and second phase output line segments 54 and 55, respectively. If transistors 58 (Q2) and 57 (Q3) are ON, the output between line portions 54 and 55 can be -1400 volts. Finally, if either transistors 56 (Ql) and 57 (Q3), or 58 (Q2) and 59 (Q4) are ON, the output between line segments 54 and 55 can be zero volts.
  • the embodiments herein employ voltage-source topology, where the combination of power cells 50 determine the phase voltage, but the load determines the current. Accordingly, it may be preferred to provide a current path at all times between phase output line segments 54 and 55 because (1) other cells in series with cell 50 may be producing a non-zero voltage across output line segments 54 and 55 when cell 50 is at zero volts, and (2) inductive loads demand a continuous path for current flow. Therefore, the method for controlling the operational state of power cell 50 includes controlling the semiconductor switches, here transistors 56 through 59, such that each power cell 50
  • circuits using greater or fewer than three power cells per phase may be used to satisfy the voltage requirements of the inductive motor load.
  • three power cells are used for each of the three phase output lines.
  • five power cells may be used for each of the three phase output lines.
  • Such an embodiment can have eleven (11) voltage states which may include approximately +/-7000 VDC, +/-5600 VDC, +/-4200 VDC, +/-2800 VDC, +/-1400 VDC and zero VDC.
  • the single medium voltage inverter may be configured to produce a single 13.8kV three phase output, thereby eliminating a need for the power substation. This may be achieved by altering the number of power cells used in each output phase of the medium voltage inverter. Similarly, depending on the capabilities of the power substation, the voltage output by the medium voltage inverter may be altered.
  • solar panels are shown in the above embodiments by way of example only.
  • the ideas taught by the present invention may be expanded to a variety of power sources.
  • any power source capable of producing a DC voltage may be included instead of or in concert with the solar panels as discussed above.
  • a series of wind turbines in combination with a rectifier may replace the solar panels as a source of DC input power.
  • water turbines, geothermic turbines, tidal power stations, and other renewable power sources may be used as power sources for supplying the DC input voltage for the medium voltage inverter.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de collecte de distribution d'énergie qui comprend une source d'alimentation à énergie renouvelable configurée pour produire une puissance de sortie en courant continu (CC) basse tension, un onduleur moyenne tension fonctionnellement connecté à la source d'alimentation à énergie renouvelable et configuré pour recevoir la puissance de sortie CC basse tension et délivrer une sortie en courant alternatif (CA) moyenne tension, et un poste électrique comprenant un transformateur fonctionnellement connecté à l'onduleur moyenne tension et configuré pour recevoir la puissance de sortie CA moyenne tension, élever la tension de la puissance de sortie CA moyenne tension jusqu'à une puissance de sortie haute tension, et envoyer la puissance de sortie CA haute tension à un réseau électrique.
PCT/US2011/033902 2010-04-27 2011-04-26 Système de collecte et de distribution d'énergie renouvelable WO2011139674A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US32842910P 2010-04-27 2010-04-27
US61/328,429 2010-04-27

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WO2011139674A2 true WO2011139674A2 (fr) 2011-11-10
WO2011139674A3 WO2011139674A3 (fr) 2012-07-05

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5625545A (en) 1994-03-01 1997-04-29 Halmar Robicon Group Medium voltage PWM drive and method

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10114075B4 (de) * 2001-03-22 2005-08-18 Semikron Elektronik Gmbh Stromrichterschaltungsanordnung für Generatoren mit dynamisch veränderlicher Leistungsabgabe
US7863766B2 (en) * 2009-06-30 2011-01-04 Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company Power converter for use with wind generator
US7989983B2 (en) * 2009-11-24 2011-08-02 American Superconductor Corporation Power conversion systems

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5625545A (en) 1994-03-01 1997-04-29 Halmar Robicon Group Medium voltage PWM drive and method

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