WO2011135265A1

WO2011135265A1 - Interphase system and homopolar rotating machine

Info

Publication number: WO2011135265A1
Application number: PCT/FR2011/050971
Authority: WO
Inventors: François BERNOT; Alix Bernot
Original assignee: Federal Mogul Sintertech
Priority date: 2010-04-28
Filing date: 2011-04-28
Publication date: 2011-11-03
Also published as: FR2959621A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an interphase system for setting two consecutive phases (d4) of a homopolar rotating machine, which comprises at least one interphase part (f1) having at least one pair of raised patterns (f2, f3) intended for engaging with complementary raised patterns provided on the phase (d4) in order to perform angular setting of the various parts that make up the phases (d4) of said homopolar rotating machine, as well as the angular setting between the consecutive phases (d4).

Description

INTER-PHASE SYSTEM AND HOMOPOLAR ROTATING MACHINE.

1. State of the prior art

The present invention relates to a rotary electric machine having a homopolar structure comprising a stator and a rotor rotating about the same axis of rotation as the stator, housed in a carcass, at least the stator or the rotor consisting of at least one coil annular electrical form carried by a magnetic annular yoke having at least two poles angularly offset equidistant from one another, these poles being constituted by lugs integral with said annular yoke and folded parallel to said axis.

The structure and operation of an electric machine of this type, such as an electric rotary machine, are described in patents FR00 / 06298 and BR 18083 / FR (inventor François Bernot).

FIG. 1 shows the state of the prior art for this homopolar structure, in an octopole version, with a three-phase claw stator and a superficial magnet rotor. Another version may include a buried magnet rotor. Another version may include a polyphase stator, the phase number being any (greater than or equal to unity). Another version may include an inverted external rotor.

The embodiment of FIG. 1 comprises three identical stators, which will be noted in this document phases when they are complete with their coil (c4, c5 or c6). Said stators are numbered (c1), (c2) and (c3). These slabs are out of phase with each other by an angle of about 30 ° mechanical. In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the angle (c10) is substantially 30 ° and the angle (c11) is substantially 60 °. The angle (c10) corresponds substantially to one third of the electrical angle of the rotating machine, said electric angle being equal to 360 ° (one turn) divided by the number of pairs of poles (four in this octopole case). The angle (c11) is substantially double the angle (c10). These angular offsets may be different, depending on the applications, but these variations are in the state of the prior art known, applied to other structures of rotating machinery in particular. They only serve to optimize the final machine. A two-phase version of said machine would comprise only two stators (c1) and (c2), which would then be shifted by an angle (c10) = 45 ° in the octopole embodiment described in FIG. 1. The rules for calculating the angular offsets between phase or respective stators are part of the state of the prior art.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the stators (c1), (c2) and (c3) have a claw structure, which is characterized by an apparent undulation of the stator coils, noted respectively (c4), (c5) and (c6). ) around the X / Y rotation planes (c12) of each stator. Said undulation can be obtained by twisting of the stator teeth, as proposed by the patent BR 18075 / FR, or by encircling the coils (c4), (c5) and (c6) as proposed in the patent BR 18083 / FR.

In this last clever embodiment, shown in FIG. 2 for a number of poles equal to 28, the stators (c1), (c2) and (c3) are all made in the same way, from two identical pancakes (b1) and (b2), enclosing a coil (b3). Said patties are assembled one on the other, in accordance with the patent BR 18083 / FR, so that their respective teeth (b4) and (b5) are substantially equidistant. The slab (b1) is placed on the slab (b2), as indicated by the arrow (b7). The contact areas (b30) between the wafers (b1) and (b2) must be correctly made in order to avoid undesirable magnetic gaps in the contact zone.

The shape of this contact zone (b30) may not consist of a coplanar plane according to X / Y (c12), but adopt any other form such as a corrugation or even aliasing, which would allow the relative angular setting of said slabs ( b1) and (b2). The cake (b2) is shifted angularly with respect to the slab (b1). Said stall angle (b6) is in the case of the stator of FIG. 2 substantially half of the electric angle of the machine, ie for this polarity of 14 pairs of poles shown in FIG. 12.857 °

It is important to note that the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 consider that each tooth (b4) and (b5) form a complete electrical pole of the machine. We are therefore in the presence in Figure 1 of an assembly of single-phase rotating electrical machines, joined axially around the same rotor (c7). The rotor may be of several types, synchronous, asynchronous or variable reluctance. The various embodiments known to date rotors are part of the state of the prior art, they all fit the presence of a set of claw stators, as described in Figure 1.

We will name in the rest of this document the stators (c1), (c2) and (c3) under the name of "phase", in order to clarify the role, the rotor is common to the three phases .. Throughout the description following, we will consider as forming a complete phase the assembly formed by two slabs (b1) and (b2), enclosing a coil (b3). Figure 3 takes a more synthetic view of this proposition, presenting these two slabs (d1) for (b1), and (d2) for (b2), which are united against each other in the direction (d3), to form a single phase (d4), as described above corresponding to the meeting of two wafers (b1) and (b2), enclosing a coil (b3). It should be noted at this stage the description of the state of the art, the advantage of providing a means for axially maintaining the wafers (b1) and (b2) one on the other, which may consist for example in an elastic clamping washer, mounted at any point on the axis of rotation of the XY plane (c12).

All these descriptions of Figures 1 and 2 are part of the state of the prior art. They include the inverted stator version, where the teeth (b4) and (b5) of the wafers (b1) and (b2) are located on the outer periphery, with a rotor which is located outside the stator.

The state of the prior art clearly shows the interchangeability of the various elements of an electric rotating machine, in particular their relative internal or external position, as shown in FIG. (d4), consisting of two wafers (d1) and (d2) may be located outside a room (e2), to then form a single-phase homopolar rotating machine (e4). The phase (d4) consisting of two wafers (d1) and (d2) can be located inside a room (e3), to then form a single-phase homopolar rotating machine (e5). The axial juxtaposition of these complete machines (e4) or (e5), angularly offset by a suitable angle, as known from the state of the art explained above, forms a polyphase rotating machine.

In this presentation of Figure 4, the parts (d4), (e2) and (e3) can be static or rotating. If a part (d4) is rotating, it must then be fed by rings or any other system (rotating diodes for example).

The combination (d4) static and (e2) with rotating magnets (or wound inductor), corresponds to a machine (e4) forming a so-called synchronous machine.

The phase (d4) is then supplied with alternating current and according to so-called brushless control methods known to those skilled in the art.

The combination (d4) static and (e3) with rotating magnets (or wound inductor), corresponds to a machine (e5) forming a so-called inverted synchronous machine. The phase (d4) is then supplied with alternating current and according to so-called known brushless control methods.

The combination (e3) static and (d4) rotating, corresponds to a machine (e5) forming a claw alternator, called Lundell, widely used in combustion engines.

All other combinations are possible, such as (d4) rotating and (e2) static, or (d4) rotating and (e3) static, or both parts (d4) and (e2) rotating, or both parts ( d4) and (e3) rotating.

These different combinations are widely described in the state of the art, for rotating machines coplanar structure.

The following description of the invention relates to the realization of the phase (d4), which can be inserted in the various configurations, which we have just mentioned. Said phase (d4) can be integrated into a machine rotating, personalized by parts (e2) or (e3). The final configuration of the machine which incorporates said phase (d4) concerns all the following end-use variants of the invention, plus those which are not mentioned which fall within the state of the prior art.

The following list includes non-exhaustively different possible variants of applications of the invention in a rotating electrical machine:

• synchronous machine with magnet or wound rotor,

• asynchronous machine with cage or wound rotor,

· Variable reluctance machine with passive or active rotor (magnet).

The following list includes non-exhaustively different alternative embodiments of the invention to form a rotating electrical machine:

The relative arrangement of the different parts (d4), (e2) and (e3), to form a machine of the type (e4) or (e5), leads to a machine with an external stator or an internal stator, referred to as inverted,

Single-phase, two-phase, three-phase or multiphase machine, obtained by axial stacking of elementary machines (e4) or (e5) correctly phase-shifted relative to each other by an electrical angle substantially equal to an electric lathe (360 ° divided by the number of pairs of poles) divided by the number of phases, said angular phase shift being able to be created at the level of the rotor or the stator,

Polyphase machine, comprising at least one phase, where each electrical phase consists of several elementary machines (e4) or (e5) electrically connected in series or in parallel electrically

• polyphase machine, comprising at least one phase, where the phases (d4) are all angularly aligned and where the interphase phase shift is caused by the rotation as appropriate, either magnets, wound inductors or drivers of the complementary part (e2) or (e3)

Polyphase machine, comprising at least one phase, where the coils (b3) are divided into several distinct windings, themselves coupled from one phase to another in zig-zag, star, or triangle to form a complete polyphase machine

^" The assembly can also form a static transformer, where all parts (d4), (e2) and (e3) are static, form a static phase shifter.

2. Description of the invention

The present invention discloses a particular embodiment of this homopolar rotating machine structure, which involves inter-phase centering fingers, which greatly simplifies assembly. It should be noted that the angular setting between the different phases is very delicate, because a slight difference leads to an asymmetry on the electric currents absorbed at the stator of the complete machine (e4) or (e5). It should be noted that the different phases (d4) must in principle be distant, so as not to mix their magnetic fluxes. An axial separation process is therefore necessary in addition to another angular wedging method.

Note that in the description of the state of the art is mentioned a relative angular wedging method of the wafers (b1) and (b2), by corrugation or aliasing of their relative contact surface (b30).

In the description which follows, the presentation of the invention is supported by figures:

FIG. 5 represents the principle of axial and angular wedging by wedges (f1),

FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of these shims (f1)

FIG. 7 represents a concrete application of shims (f7) and (f8). FIG. 8 completes FIG. 7 under another view.

FIG. 9 completes FIG. 7 by detailing the centering fingers

FIG. 10 shows a concrete application of shims (f1). We have seen in the description of the prior art that the different phases of the stator forming the rotating machine, denoted (d4) in FIG. 3, must be shifted, some by relative to others, of an adequate angle, the calculation of which is part of the state of the prior art explained in advance. This offset can be provided by external pins at each phase (d4), in accordance with patent BR 18083 / FR. This gap can also be realized by the invention described in this document, which has interphases (f1), as described in Figure 5. The inter-phase centering fingers (f1) are located between the phases (d4), to ensure their offset adequate angle.

Figure 5 provides an embodiment of said interphase wedging system. It uses centering fingers (f2) and (f3) arranged in sufficient quantity on each of the faces of (f1). The fingers (f2) are located on one side of (f1), while the fingers (f3) are located on one side of the opposite side of (f1). The amount of fingers is related to the different possible options, such as:

· Accept two-phase and three-phase angular setting for the same part

β accept a different number of polyphase angular wedges

• accept a single angular setting configuration, for a number of electrical phases of the defined machine

It is not mandatory to have as many fingers (f2) and (f3) as the electrical poles of the pieces (d4). In general a pair of fingers (f2), plus a pair of fingers (f3) is sufficient to ensure proper timing. The amount of fingers is within the skill of those skilled in the art, depending on the size of the machine and the quality of axial and radial centering required.

The distribution of the receiving holes and the setting fingers (f2) and

(f3) can be advantageously symmetrical, so the parts (f1) are reversible, which limits the diversity. At each finger (f2) or f (3), must correspond a hole located opposite, either in the phase (d4) or in a physical room additional reception.

The anchoring of the fingers (f2) and (f3) can be ensured in several ways, according to the following non-exhaustive list:

Either on a single physical part (f1), which then ensures the axial separation and the angular setting between the phases (d4), as shown in FIG. 5,

- Or on two physical parts, as shown in Figure 6, where the fingers (f2) and (f3) are respectively placed on two separate parts (f8) and (f7), said part (f8) has fingers (f2) of stalling with respect to the phase (d4a) and the holes (f10) of wedging with respect to (f7), said part (f7) has fingers (f3) of wedging with respect to the phase (d4b) and holes (f4) of wedging with respect to (f8), fingers (f5) providing the connection between the pieces (f7) and (f8) ), they enter the holes (f4) and (f10), note that it is clever to stick these parts (f1) on the phases (d4a) and (d4b), in order to simplify the assembly,

either the fingers (f2) and (f3) are part of the phases (d4), (d4a) and / or (d4b), the said phases also being provided with holes making it possible to receive the said fingers (f2) and (f3) , which also ensure by their shape the axial setting of the phases (d4).

In a particular embodiment, the fingers (f2) and (f3) and the corresponding receiving holes in the phases (d4) may be derived from the overmoulding material of the phases (d4), (d4a) and / or (d4b). In another particular embodiment, the fingers (f2) and (f3) and the corresponding receiving holes in the phases (d4) may be derived from the magnetic material constituting the wafers (b1) or (b2).

In another particular embodiment, shown in FIG. 11, the fingers (f2), (f3) of the part (f1) are replaced by a corrugation or aliasing (f20) carried on the different faces facing the pieces (f1). and (d4). Said corrugation or aliasing (f20), by complementarity of the shapes carried on the parts (f1) and (d4), allows an angular and radial wedging of the parts, without additional accessories. Said undulation or crenellation (f20) can be carried out in one of the angular, axial and / or radial directions, forming a two-dimensional or three-dimensional pattern on the faces of the pieces (f1) and (d4) .

In another particular embodiment, shown in FIG. 12, the fingers (f2) and (f3) of the parts (f8) and (f7) are replaced by a corrugation or aliasing (f21) carried on the different faces facing the parts (f1) and (d4), the fingers (f5) and the holes (f4) of the same parts (f8) and (f7) are replaced by a corrugation or aliasing (f22) carried on the different faces facing the parts ( f7) and (f8). Said undulations or crenellations (f21) and (f22), by a complementarity of the shapes on the parts (f7), (f8) and (d4), allow an angular and radial setting of the phases (d4), without additional accessories. Said undulations or crenellations (f21) and (f22) can be made in one of the angular, axial and / or radial directions, forming a two-dimensional or three-dimensional pattern on the faces of the pieces (f7), (f8) and (d4 ).

Those skilled in the art will be able to adapt the different possible variants described in FIGS. 5 and 6, in particular by choosing from the following non-exhaustive list:

• to interchange the respective positions of the holes and the fingers in the rooms (f1), (f7) or (f8) and in the phases (d4),

To design all or part of the fingers in the form of separate objects of any shape, inserted in the parts (f1), (f7) or (f8),

- Design a symmetrical pattern suitable for corrugations or crenellations (f20), (f21) and (f22), to limit the amount of centering part references (f1), (f7), f8) required.

It should be noted that it is advantageous to use symmetrical angular wedge pieces (fi), (f7) or (f8) which are designed so as to limit the diversity of parts used to constitute a machine.

The radial setting of the phases (d4) is provided by the holding carcass of the machine, said carcass being able to be internal or external to the rotating machine.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show a clever realization (aO) of the angular wedging pieces (f7) and (f8) of FIG. 6. Said pieces (aO) make it possible in a single piece to perform all the required functions. The piece (aO) consists of a ring which receives at least one pair of fingers (a8) and (a9) and at least one group of holes (a5), (a6) and (a7). Said holes (a5), (a6) and (a7) can also be replaced by fingers, according to a previous proposal.

In this embodiment, the centering fingers (f2) and (f3), which enter the phases (d4a) and (d4b) are made by the fingers (a8) and (a9). Said fingers (a8) and (a9) are housed in corresponding orifices arranged in the phases (d4a) and (d4b), preferably in the space left between the teeth (b4) and (b5), they then perform the function relative angular setting of the slabs (b1) and (b2). FIG. 9 shows a possible embodiment of the fingers (f5), described in FIGS. 7 and 8. Said fingers (f5) make it possible to ensure the angular and radial wedging of two identical pieces (aO). As mentioned above, in another embodiment said fingers (f5) may be integral parts (aO), which will then be made by adopting a symmetrical arrangement of holes (a5), (a6), (a7) and fingers (f5 ).

In the case of a two-phase machine, the fingers (f5) serve to match each hole (a6) with a hole (a7) of the corresponding part (aO). In the case of a three-phase machine, the fingers (f5) serve to match each hole (a6) with a hole (a5) of the corresponding part (aO). The duplication of locations (a5) and (a7) on the same part (aO) thus makes it possible to use the same part (aO) for producing two-phase and three-phase machines.

The respective dimensions and positions of the various constituents of the part (aO) are chosen according to the constraints of those skilled in the art. The angles (a1), (a2), (a4), (a15), (a17), (a18), (a19) and (a20) are calculated to maintain in relative rotation the parts (b1) and (b2) constituting a phase (d4a) or (d4b).

The angles (a3) are calculated respectively so that the fingers (a8) and (a9) fill the space left free between the teeth (b4) and (b5) of the phases (d4a) and (d4b) against which they are plated. In another embodiment, said space may be finer.

The angular offset between the groups of teeth (a8) and (a9) is left to the choice of those skilled in the art, who can choose an offset corresponding to the amount of teeth (b4) or (b5) of his choice.

The angles (a21), (a22), (a23), (a24), (a25) and (a26) are calculated so that the angular offsets of the pieces (aO) in the arrangement of FIG. phases (d4a) and (d4b) to be angularly offset by a suitable angle, related to the number of electrical phases of the complete rotating machine, ie single-phase, two-phase, three-phase, or polyphase with a number of phases any electric. The diameters (a11) and (a 16) are calculated so as to allow the parts rotor and carcass annexes to integrate into the rotating machine. The diameter (a27) has no influence on the operation of the machine, it will be left to the free choice of those skilled in the art. The thickness (a10) is defined so as to maintain the piece (aO) in the slabs (b1) and (b2), but without touching the coil (b3) of the phase (d4a) or (d4b). The thicknesses (a12) and (a13) are defined so as to maintain a sufficient distance between the successive phases (d4) forming the rotating machine, so that the electromagnetic interactions have the desired value. In a first embodiment, said electromagnetic interaction can be negligible. In a second embodiment, said electromagnetic interaction can be used to effect a coupling between successive phases (d4a) and (d4b) forming the rotating machine.

In an embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the part (f1) is formed in one piece (a32), equivalent to two pieces (aO) contiguous axially, so that the pairs of fingers (a8) / (a9) on one face and (a30) / (a31) on the opposite face are angularly offset from the appropriate angle (a33), which respects the construction constraints described above.

In a clever realization, the wedging pieces (f1), (aO) or

(a32) are glued prior to assembly completely or partially on the phases (d4), (d4a) and / or (d4b), in order to simplify assembly.

All the elements that have been presented in this invention can be extended to other rotating or static electrical machines, having any number of electrical phases and electromagnetic poles. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but extends to any modification and variation obvious to a person skilled in the art, while remaining within the scope of the protection defined in the appended claims.

It is particularly specified that the present invention can be applied directly to a machine structure of type (e4) (so-called direct, phase (d4) external), or type (e5) (so-called inverted, phase (d4) internal). The passage from the description of this document, which exposes through its figures and explanations essentially the machine structure (e4), to the structure (e5), is obtained by performing a symmetrical radial transformation of the parts constituting the phases (d4 ), especially on the teeth (b4) and (b5), which then become external to the phase. The skilled person will perform this transposition without difficulty.

Claims

1. Inter-phase system for setting two consecutive phases (d4) of a homopolar rotary machine, characterized in that it comprises at least one inter-phase piece (f1; f7, f8; aO; a32) having at least one pair of reliefs (f2, f3; a8, a9) for cooperating with complementary reliefs (f2, f3; a8, a9) presented by the phases (d4) so as to effect the angular setting of the different parts constituting the phases (d4) of said homopolar rotating machine, as well as the angular setting between the consecutive phases (d4).

2. inter-phase system according to claim 1, wherein the reliefs presented by the inter-phase piece (s), f1, f8, f8, aO, a32 are fingers (f2, f3, a8, a9); ) intended to be received in reception holes presented by the phases (d4).

3. Inter-phase system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a single inter-phase piece (f1; a32), this single piece of inter-phase (f1; a32) having two opposite sides, and characterized in that the reliefs (f2, f3; a8, a9) are located on one side and the other of the single inter-phase piece (f1; a32).

4. inter-phase system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises two inter-phase parts (f7, f8, aO).

5. inter-phase system according to claim 4, characterized in that the two inter-phase parts (f7, f8; aO) have at least one finger (f5) and / or at least one hole (f4). providing the connection between the two inter-phase parts (f7, f8, aO).

6. inter-phase system according to claim 3, characterized in that the reliefs (f2, f3) form an integral part of the single inter-phase part (f1).

7. inter-phase system according to claim 3, characterized in that the reliefs (f2, f3; a8, a9) are fingers, distinct from the single interphase piece (f1; a32) and retracted in holes in the single interphase piece (f1; a32).

8. inter-phase system according to claim 5, characterized in that the two inter-phase parts comprise fingers (f5) forming an integral part of the two inter-phase parts (f7, f8; aO), to ensure the angular and radial wedging of the two inter-phase pieces (f7, f8, aO) between them.

9. inter-phase system according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises fingers (f5) distinct from the two inter-phase pieces (f7, f8; aO), and entered into holes ( f4) formed in the two inter-phase pieces (f7, f8; aO) to ensure the angular and radial wedging of the two inter-phase pieces (f7, f8; aO) between them

10. Inter-phase system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the reliefs are fingers (a8, a9) having a shape substantially equal to the space left between two teeth (b4, b5). consecutive phases of a phase (d4).

11. inter-phase system according to claim 9, characterized in that the fingers (f5) and the holes (f4) are integrated into the part (aO), in an adequate quantity, so that the two pieces of inter -phase (aO) are identical to each other.

12. inter-phase system according to claim 1, characterized in that the inter-phase or parts supporting the fingers are each bonded to a phase (d4) prior to their final assembly.

13. Inter-phase system according to claim 4, characterized in that the parts (f7) and (f8) are each bonded to a phase (d4) prior to final assembly.

14. inter-phase system according to claim 4, characterized in that the inter-phase parts (f7, f8) are identical.

15. inter-phase system according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one pair of reliefs forms a corrugated pattern (f20; f21, f22) with an axial, radial or angular repetition form.

16. Homopolar rotating machine comprising at least two consecutive phases and an inter-phase system according to one of claims 1 to 15 to ensure the angular setting between the phases (d4) consecutive.