WO2011127984A1 - Convertisseur électrique modulaire à niveaux multiples avec filtre de diminution des harmoniques et de blocage de la composante continue - Google Patents

Convertisseur électrique modulaire à niveaux multiples avec filtre de diminution des harmoniques et de blocage de la composante continue Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011127984A1
WO2011127984A1 PCT/EP2010/054998 EP2010054998W WO2011127984A1 WO 2011127984 A1 WO2011127984 A1 WO 2011127984A1 EP 2010054998 W EP2010054998 W EP 2010054998W WO 2011127984 A1 WO2011127984 A1 WO 2011127984A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
storage element
elements
terminal
voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/054998
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lennart Harnefors
Stefan Norrga
Anshuman Shukla
Original Assignee
Abb Research Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Research Ltd filed Critical Abb Research Ltd
Priority to PCT/EP2010/054998 priority Critical patent/WO2011127984A1/fr
Publication of WO2011127984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011127984A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters

Definitions

  • the invention is related to a power converter with multi-level voltage output in the form of a device for converting a DC voltage into an AC voltage and vice versa comprising at least one phase leg with a first voltage source and a first passive energy storage element connected in series between a first DC terminal and a first AC terminal and with a second passive energy storage element and a second voltage source connected in series between the first AC terminal and a second DC terminal, where each of the voltage sources comprises at least a first and a second submodule in series-connection, each submodule comprising at least one power electronic switch connected in parallel with at least one capacitor.
  • multi-level converters are known to be used in order to reduce harmonic distortion in the output of voltage source converters.
  • a multilevel converter is a converter where the output voltage - or, in case of a multiphase converter, the voltages - can assume several discrete levels, as can be seen for example in
  • a multi-level converter according to DE10103031 which in addition comprises at least one inductor in each phase leg as well as regulating means to regulate a circulating current flowing through the phase legs, i.e. the current that closes between the phase legs but does not enter the AC grid through the AC terminal. If the circulating-current is controlled, as described in WO 2008/067785, the voltage rating of the power electronic switches of the converter must allow for the extra voltage needed to regulate the circulating currents in the desired manner.
  • These multilevel converters are furthermore normally connected to the AC grid via a transformer. It is in some cases also of interest to remove this transformer.
  • the device for converting a DC voltage into an AC voltage and vice versa as described above comprises according to the invention a passive electronic filter which is arranged between the voltage source and the AC terminal.
  • the passive electronic filter is adjusted to reduce harmonics in a circulating current and to block DC components.
  • the invention is based on the recognition of the fact that the desired manner in which the circulating currents should best be regulated is to reduce the harmonics which occur at specific frequencies in the circulating current, rather than to reduce the circulating currents in general.
  • This is according to the invention furthermore combined with filtering of DC components.
  • What the inventor realized is that at each switching event in the power electronic switches of the converter, harmonics appear in the circulating current causing increased losses. As a worst case, some of the harmonics with distinctively high amplitude in the circulating currents could even lead to system instability.
  • the introduction of additional inductors, as described in WO 2008/067785 A1 helps to obtain a general current limitation in the converter circuit but does nothing to avoid the distinctive harmonics as such.
  • control unit which controls the power semiconductor switches sees and takes into account the most disturbing components of the circulating currents.
  • the requirements on the voltage rating of the power semiconductor switches can thereby be reduced.
  • the parameters of the electronic filter are chosen so that harmonics at twice the fundamental frequency of the AC voltage are reduced, thereby specifically reducing the main disturbing component of the circulating current. This is furthermore combined with DC blocking so that it is possible to connected the converter to an AC grid without a transformer.
  • Fig. 1 shows a converter topology as is known from the art
  • Fig. 2 shows the setup of the voltage sources in the phase legs of the converter of Fig. 1 as known from the art
  • Fig. 3 shows two different embodiments of the submodules in the converter of
  • Fig. 4 shows one phase leg of a converter with a schematically shown
  • Fig. 5 shows an electronic filter according to a first embodiment of the
  • Fig. 6 shows an electronic filter according to a second embodiment of the
  • FIG. 5 shows an electronic filter according to a fifth embodiment of the invention shows an electronic filter according to a sixth embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 8 shows an electronic filter according to an eighth embodiment of the invention.
  • the device for converting a DC voltage into an AC voltage and vice versa can contain either a single phase leg or multiple phase legs, depending on how many phases the AC voltage has.
  • Fig. 1 shows a three-phase converter known in the art.
  • the three phase legs 1 , 2 and 3 of the device of Fig. 1 each comprise two so-called arms in series-connection: a positive, upper arm which is connected to a first DC terminal 4 at a positive voltage level, and a negative, lower arm, which is connected to a second DC terminal 5 at zero or a negative voltage level.
  • Each positive arm comprises a series-connection of an upper voltage source Uvpi and a first passive energy storage element, here in the form of an inductor 9, 1 1 or 13, respectively, and each negative arm comprises a second passive energy storage element, here also in the form of an inductor 10, 12 or 14, respectively, and a lower voltage source Uvni, where i stands for the number of the corresponding phase leg.
  • the midpoint or connection point between the first and second energy storage elements of each phase leg is each connected to an AC terminal 6, 7 or 8,
  • All the phase legs are connected in parallel to each other and to the two DC terminals 4 and 5. By appropriately controlling the voltage sources of the phase legs over time, the AC to DC conversion is made.
  • each voltage source is made up of a series connected string of submodules 15, where at least two submodules 15 are comprised in one such string.
  • the submodules have the form of commutation cells, each cell comprising two valves and a large DC capacitor holding a direct voltage.
  • the main valves are equipped with a power electronic switch 16 with turn-off capability and a free-wheeling diode in anti-parallel connection to the switch.
  • the corresponding submodule can assume one of two switching states, where in state one zero voltage or in state two the capacitor voltage is applied to the output.
  • the converter according to Figs. 1 to 3 is additionally equipped with a passive electronic filter in each phase leg, as is depicted in Fig. 4 for phase leg 1.
  • the filter 18 is shown as a dashed box.
  • the filter includes three terminals a first terminal for being coupled to the first voltage source and first DC terminal 4, a second terminal for being coupled to the second voltage source and the second DC terminal 5 and finally a third terminal connected to the AC terminal 6 of the converter.
  • the first and second passive energy storage elements are being included in the passive filter.
  • a first embodiment of the filter 18 is shown fig. 5.
  • a third passive energy storage element 19 in this first embodiment also in the form of a reactor having an inductance of L p .
  • This third passive energy storage element 19 is thus provided in series with the first and second energy storage elements.
  • a fourth energy storage element 20 having two ends, a first end connected to a junction between the first energy storage element 9 and the third energy storage element 19 and a second end connected to the AC terminal 6.
  • the fourth energy storage element 20 is here a capacitor having a capacitance C v .
  • the filter includes two types of passive energy storage elements, inductive and capacitive energy storage elements.
  • the third energy storage element 19 is of one of the types, here an inductive energy storage element, while the fourth and fifth energy storage elements 20 and 21 are of another type, here capacitive energy storage elements. It can therefore be seen that a filter is provided, which provides filtering in relation to one or more frequencies.
  • the filter realized in fig. 5 has DC blocking capability.
  • One further observation that can be made is that there is a first path provided from the first DC terminal to the AC terminal via the first and the fourth energy storage elements and a second path provided from the second DC terminal to the AC terminal via the second and the fifth energy storage elements. These paths are furthermore symmetrical, which means that the filter elements in them are provided of the same types in the same orders and with the same values in the first and the second paths.
  • Equation (8) can be expressed as a Laplace function with d/dt expressed as s.
  • This system is marginally stable, i.e. its poles are located on the imaginary axis of the s plane.
  • Fig. 6 thus shows a filter according to a second embodiment of the invention having a first 9', second 10', third 19', fourth 20' and fifth 21 ' energy storage element in the same positions as the corresponding elements in the first embodiment.
  • the first, second and third energy storage elements 9', 10', 19' are capacitive, while the fourth and fifth 20' and 21 ' are inductive.
  • Fig. 7 discloses a filter according to a third embodiment having the first 9, second 10, third 19', fourth 20 and fifth 21 energy storage element in the same positions as the corresponding elements in the first embodiment.
  • the first and second elements 9 and 10 are again inductive, while the third 19' is capacitive.
  • the fourth and fifth elements 20, 21 are inductive. These elements are not enough for performing DC blocking. Therefore this third embodiment has a sixth passive energy storage element 22 that is capacitive and at one end connected to both the second ends of the fourth and the fifth energy storage elements 20 and 21 and at a second end connected to the AC terminal 6. This sixth passive energy storage element 22 thus functions as the DC blocking element.
  • the common-mode component u v does not drive any current through the third energy storage element 19, because the potential on each side of this element 19 are affected equally by this component. This allows this element to be removed when the effect of the common-mode component is considered.
  • the branches of the two arms in fig. 8 thus reduce to two identical circuits in parallel and this can be simplified into the equivalent circuit diagram of the common-mode case shown in fig. 9.
  • This circuit in fig. 9 should be tuned to block the third harmonic component. This implies that
  • the filter in fig. 13 Take the filter in fig. 13 as an example.
  • the fourth and fifth energy storage elements 20' and 21 ' with tap changers of a suitably selected number of steps and step sizes.
  • the first and second further energy storage elements 25 and 26 variable, for instance through using capacitor banks, the capacitances of which can be modified in suitably selected steps through circuit breakers and/or switching semiconductors.
  • the second further energy storage element has furthermore been deleted, while the first further energy storage element 26 is adjustable and at a first end connected to a midpoint of the third energy storage element and at a second opposite end connected to the sixth energy storage element 22.
  • the midpoint of the third energy storage element is provided as the junction between the two energy storage elements 19a and 19b resulting from the splitting.
  • This filter functions in the same way as the filter according to the seventh embodiment, but here only one energy storage elements is adjusted.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de conversion d'une tension continue en une tension alternative comprenant un filtre électronique passif (18) ayant des premier et deuxième éléments de stockage d'énergie (9, 10), un troisième élément de stockage d'énergie (19) placé entre les premier et deuxième éléments de stockage d'énergie, un quatrième élément de stockage d'énergie (20) connecté entre une jonction du premier élément de stockage d'énergie et du troisième élément de stockage d'énergie et une borne de courant alternatif et un cinquième élément de stockage d'énergie (21) connecté entre une jonction du deuxième élément de stockage d'énergie et du troisième élément de stockage d'énergie et la borne de courant alternatif. Les éléments de stockage d'énergie sont de deux types différents, à savoir capacitif et inductif, et possèdent des valeurs sélectionnées de manière à assurer une réduction de composantes de fréquence à deux fois la fréquence fondamentale de la tension alternative et au moins un élément capacitif (20, 21) est un élément de blocage de la composante continue destiné à empêcher que les composantes continues n'atteignent la borne à courant alternatif.
PCT/EP2010/054998 2010-04-15 2010-04-15 Convertisseur électrique modulaire à niveaux multiples avec filtre de diminution des harmoniques et de blocage de la composante continue WO2011127984A1 (fr)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2010191C2 (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-01-27 Univ Delft Tech Electrical power converter.
NL2009220C2 (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-01-27 Univ Delft Tech Electrical power converter.
US9231492B2 (en) 2014-01-06 2016-01-05 General Electric Company System and method of power conversion
US9312783B2 (en) 2012-12-18 2016-04-12 General Electric Company Voltage source current controlled multilevel power converter

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995004395A1 (fr) * 1993-08-03 1995-02-09 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Transmision de c.c. a haute tension
DE10103031A1 (de) 2001-01-24 2002-07-25 Rainer Marquardt Stromrichterschaltungen mit verteilten Energiespeichern
GB2397445A (en) * 2003-01-14 2004-07-21 Alstom Power transmission circuits
US20060227582A1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-12 Lixiang Wei Rectifier for reducing current harmonics from unbalanced source
WO2008067785A1 (fr) 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour transformer un courant électrique
WO2009030275A1 (fr) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-12 Abb Technology Ag Convertisseur de source de tension pour transmission de puissance en courant continu haute tension
GB2459764A (en) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-11 Siemens Ag DC power transmission system
WO2009149755A1 (fr) * 2008-06-12 2009-12-17 Abb Technology Ag Appareil de transmission d’énergie électrique

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995004395A1 (fr) * 1993-08-03 1995-02-09 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Transmision de c.c. a haute tension
DE10103031A1 (de) 2001-01-24 2002-07-25 Rainer Marquardt Stromrichterschaltungen mit verteilten Energiespeichern
GB2397445A (en) * 2003-01-14 2004-07-21 Alstom Power transmission circuits
US20060227582A1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-12 Lixiang Wei Rectifier for reducing current harmonics from unbalanced source
WO2008067785A1 (fr) 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour transformer un courant électrique
WO2009030275A1 (fr) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-12 Abb Technology Ag Convertisseur de source de tension pour transmission de puissance en courant continu haute tension
GB2459764A (en) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-11 Siemens Ag DC power transmission system
WO2009149755A1 (fr) * 2008-06-12 2009-12-17 Abb Technology Ag Appareil de transmission d’énergie électrique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ANTONIOS ANTONOPOULOS ET AL: "On dynamics and voltage control of the Modular Multilevel Converter", POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, 2009. EPE '09. 13TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, 8 September 2009 (2009-09-08), pages 1 - 10, XP031541295, ISBN: 978-1-4244-4432-8 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2010191C2 (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-01-27 Univ Delft Tech Electrical power converter.
NL2009220C2 (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-01-27 Univ Delft Tech Electrical power converter.
WO2014017902A3 (fr) * 2012-07-23 2014-07-03 Technische Universiteit Delft Convertisseur de puissance électrique
US9312783B2 (en) 2012-12-18 2016-04-12 General Electric Company Voltage source current controlled multilevel power converter
US9231492B2 (en) 2014-01-06 2016-01-05 General Electric Company System and method of power conversion

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