WO2011127534A1 - Electronic feedback control - Google Patents
Electronic feedback control Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011127534A1 WO2011127534A1 PCT/AU2011/000428 AU2011000428W WO2011127534A1 WO 2011127534 A1 WO2011127534 A1 WO 2011127534A1 AU 2011000428 W AU2011000428 W AU 2011000428W WO 2011127534 A1 WO2011127534 A1 WO 2011127534A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
- G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
- G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
- G05B23/0259—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the response to fault detection
- G05B23/0286—Modifications to the monitored process, e.g. stopping operation or adapting control
- G05B23/0291—Switching into safety or degraded mode, e.g. protection and supervision after failure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
Abstract
The present invention relates to electronic feedback control for an electrical system. In one aspect there is provided an electrical processing device for performing feedback control for an electrical system, wherein the electrical processing device is configured perform steps of: (a) receiving a parameter value from the electrical system indicative of a parameter of the electrical system; (b) comparing the parameter value to a reference value to generate an error polarity indicative of a polarity of an error between the parameter value and reference value; and (c) causing generation of a switched-mode signal in accordance with the error polarity, wherein the pulse width modulation signal is provided as feedback to control the operation of the electrical system.
Description
ELECTRONIC FEEDBACK CONTROL
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electronic feedback control for an electrical system.
Description of the Background Art
The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that the prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates.
Presently, feedback control is used in the areas of electronics to handle real and non-ideal operating circumstances. In particular, in power electronics, one approach is to use a conventional analogue feedback loop to attain the desired output parameter accuracy and transient response. In order to stabilise the feedback loop, a PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) compensator can be used for tuning the feedback control for the specific system dynamics. Current approaches use a direct translation of the analogue loop to the digital domain via a discrete time domain analysis. This translation usually requires significant computational requirements, long development and tuning times.
Problems arise when the feedback control system . is required to process long quantization words and multiple bits, in complex multiply and accumulate operations. The resulting control word is generally translated to the pulse width command in the Pulse Width Modulator (PWM). This complexity is further compounded when using multiple feedback loops where a separate PID compensator and consequent tuning is typically required for each loop as well as a word long multiple loop arbitrator to determine the dominant loop.
In addition, the use of complex feedback control units, such as PID compensators, in low cost commercial power electronic devices is considered overly complex, particularly when the cost of the electronic device significantly increases with the inclusion of such
components.
Thus, there is a need for a feedback control system and/or method for performing feedback control, which overcomes, at least alleviates one or more disadvantages of existing arrangements, or provides an alternative to existing arrangements.
Summary of the Present Invention
In a first broad aspect there is provided a method for performing feedback control for an electrical system, wherein the method includes, an electrical processing device, steps of: (a) receiving a parameter value from the electrical system indicative of a parameter of the electrical system;
(b) comparing the parameter value to a reference value to generate an error polarity indicative of a polarity of an error between the parameter value and reference value; and
(c) causing generation of a switched-mode signal in accordance with the error polarity, wherein the switched-mode signal is provided as feedback to control the operation of the electrical system.
In one form, the method includes repetitiously performing steps (a), (b) and (c) during the operation of the electrical system.
In another form, the method includes: X
adjusting, in accordance with the error polarity, a count value of a counter register; and
causing the generation of the switched-mode signal in accordance with the count value.
In one embodiment, the counter is a bidirectional counter which receives a clock signal from a clock, wherein the method includes the counter adjusting the counter value in accordance with the clock signal and the error polarity. . .
In another embodiment, in the event that the counter value is increased as a result of the
error polarity, the method includes causing an increase in a uuiy uyuic vi me swn icu- mode signal.
In an optional form, the counter value is incremented by a value of 1.
In another optional form, in the event that the counter value is decreased as a result of the error polarity, the method includes causing a reduction in a duty cycle of the switched- mode signal. In an optional embodiment, the counter value is decremented by a value of 1 .
In another optional embodiment, the error polarity is a single bit indicative of the polarity of the error between the output and reference values. Optionally, method includes:
comparing a plurality of parameter values, indicative of a respective plurality of parameters of the electrical system, to a respective plurality of reference values of the ^ electrical system to generate a plurality of error polarities each indicative of a polarity of the error between the respective parameter value and reference value;
adjusting, in accordance with the plurality of error polarities, the generation of the switched-mode signal generated by the pulse width modulator.
In one form, the method includes:
determining, based upon the plurality of error pluralities, an error polarity of a dominant parameter from the plurality of parameters of the electrical system; and
adjusting, in accordance with the error polarity of the dominant parameter, the generation of the switched-mode signal.
In another form, the method includes performing a Boolean operation upon the plurality of error pluralities to determine the error polarity of the dominant parameter.
In one embodiment, the Boolean operation is one of:
an AND operation; and
ri NAND operation. In another embodiment, the electrical processing device is in electrical communication with a pulse width modulation unit, wherein the method includes providing the counter value to the pulse width modulation unit to cause the pulse width modulation unit to generate the switched-mode signal in the form of a pulse width modulation signal, wherein the pulse width modulation unit adjusts the pulse width modulation signal accordingly.
In an optional form, the electrical processing device is a microprocessor.
In a second broad aspect there is provided an electrical processing device for performing feedback control for an electrical system, wherein the electrical processing device is configured perform steps of:
(a) receiving a parameter value from the electrical system indicative of a parameter of the electrical system;
(b) comparing the parameter value to a reference value to generate an error polarity indicative of a polarity of an error between the parameter value and reference value; and (c) causing generation of a switched-mode signal in accordance with the error polarity, wherein the pulse width modulation signal is provided as feedback to control the operation of the electrical system.
In one form, the electrical processing device is configured to repetitiously performing steps (a), (b) and (c) during the operation of the electrical system.
In another form, the electrical processing device is configured to:
adjust, in accordance with the error polarity, a count value of a counter register; and cause the generation of the switched-mode signal in accordance with the count value.
In one embodiment, the counter is a bidirectional counter wnicn receives a CIOCK signal from a clock, wherein the electrical processing device is configured to adjust the counter value of the counter value in accordance with the clock signal and the error polarity. In another embodiment, in the event that the counter value is increased as a result of the error polarity, the electrical processing device causes an increase in a duty cycle of the switched-mode signal.
In an optional form, the counter value is incremented by a value of 1.
In another optional form, in the event that the counter value is decreased as a result of the error polarity, the electrical processing device causes a reduction in a duty cycle of the switched-mode signal. ' In an optional embodiment, the counter value is decremented by a value of 1.
In another optional embodiment, the error polarity is a single bit indicative of the polarity of the error between the output and reference values. Optionally, the electrical processing device is in electrical communication with a pulse width modulation unit, wherein the electrical processing device is configured to set a pulse width modulation control register to the counter value to control the pulse width modulation unit, wherein in response, the pulse width modulation generates the switched- mode signal in the form of a pulse modulation signal, wherein the pulse modulation signal modulator adjusts the pulse width modulation signal accordingly.
In one form, the electrical processing device is configured to:
compare a plurality of parameter values, indicative of a respective plurality of parameters of the electrical system, to a respective plurality of reference values of the electrical system to generate a plurality of error polarities each indicative of a polarity of the error between the respective output value and reference value; and
adjust, in accordance with the plurality of error polarities, tne generation oi me switched-mode signal..
In another form, the electrical processing device is configured to:
determine, based upon the plurality of error pluralities, an error polarity of a dominant parameter from the plurality of parameters of the electrical system;
adjust, in accordance with the error polarity of the dominant parameter, the generation of the switched-mode signal. In one embodiment, the electrical processing device is configured to perform a Boolean operation upon the plurality of error pluralities to determine the error polarity of the dominant parameter.
In another embodiment, the Boolean operation is one of:
an AND operation; and
a NAND operation.
In an optional form, the electrical processing device is a microprocessor. In another broad aspect there is provided a solar maximum power point tracking battery charger including the electrical processing device according to the second broad aspect.
In another broad aspect there is provided a solar maximum power point tracking battery charger for one or more photovoltaic cells, wherein the solar maximum power point tracking battery charger includes an electrical processing device according to the second broad aspect, wherein the electrical system is the one or more photovoltaic cells, and wherein the plurality of parameter values includes at least two of:
an input voltage value indicative of an input voltage parameter of the one or more photovoltaic cells;
an output voltage value indicative of an output voltage parameter of the one or more photovoltaic cells; and
an output current value indicative of an output current parameter oi me one or more photovoltaic cells.
It will be appreciated that any of the forms, aspects, or examples can be implemented individually or in combination.
Brief Description of the Drawings
An example of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: -
Figure 1A is a flow diagram of an example method/process that can be utilised to embody or give effect to a particular embodiment;
Figure I B is a functional block diagram of an example system that can be utilised to embody or give effect to a particular embodiment;
Figure 2 is a functional block diagram of an example system that can be utilised to embody or give effect to a particular embodiment; Figure 3 is a functional block diagram of another example system that can be utilised to embody or give effect to a particular embodiment; and
Figure 4 is a functional block diagram of an example of a microprocessor. Detailed Description Including Best Mode
An example of a method/process for performing feedback control for an electrical system using an electrical processing device will now be described in relation to Figure 1 A.
In particular, at step 1 10, the method 100 includes receiving a parameter value from the electrical system 210 indicative of a parameter of the electrical system. At step 120, the method includes comparing the parameter value to a reference value to generate an error
polariry indicative of a polarity of an error between the parameter vaiue ana rererence value. At step 130, the method 100 includes causing generation of a switched-mode signal in accordance with the error polarity, wherein the switched-mode signal is provided as feedback to control the operation of the electrical system 210.
Preferably, as shown by dotted line in Figure 1 A, the method 100 is repetitiously performed whilst the electrical system is operational.
In the examples described below, the switched-mode signal can be generated in the form of a pulse width modulation signal.
Referring to Figure I B shows an example of the process of Figure 1A, in a multi-loop environment. The process of Figure I B includes obtaining an error polarity 165a, 165b, 165c for each parameter, determining a dominant loop 175, and obtaining a new pulse width value 193, where the new plant operating point is controlled accordingly via the switched-mode signal 199, in the form of the pulse width modulation signal, generated by the switched-mode converter 195.
The multiple feedback loop process of Figure I B can be used to implement a fully automatic maximum power point tracker solar battery charger that sets and controls the output and input parameters (output voltage, output current and input photovoltaic panel voltage) in a basic 8 bit, 1 MHz, 8 Kb RAM, microcontroller. It will be appreciated that this process can decrease the computational requirements for the real time control of circuit parameters such as input and output voltages, currents, impedances, and power in power converters and chargers.
The process of Figures 1 A and I B can be implemented by a single feedback loop as shown in Figure 2 or multiple feedback loops as shown- in Figure 3. In particular, a complex PID computation is replaced by a bi-directional counter 190. Accordingly, this approach uses the single bit data 165 which thus eliminates the need to
simulate and compute the PID compensator in the digital aomain ana simpiiiies tne dominant loop determination, while providing a robust real time control of non linear systems. In the multi-loop system as shown in Figure 3, each comparator 240a, 240b, 240c produces a single bit 185a, 185b, 185c as opposed to a multi-bit error word. Each single bit 185 can represent an error polarity rather than an actual error value (i.e. positive or negative error). Therefore, it will be appreciated that this may reduce substantially the amount of data processing required. Each polarity bit 165a, 165b, 165c resulting from comparing each actual plant output parameter 155a, 155b, 155c (analogue to digital converter output) to the desired reference 230a, 230b, 230c is subject to a simple AND Boolean (logic) operation 170. The output of the AND gate 170 is again a single bit 175 which extracts the dominant feedback loop in the multi-loop system. This can then eliminate the need for implementing several PIDs, processing, and multi-bit output loop arbitration.
The system polarity bit 175 can then be used to determine the counter direction, A low frequency clock signal 185 generated by a low frequency clock 180, typically l KHz to lO Hz and a decade lower than the main converter switching frequency, is being counted by the counter 190. The clock 180 defines the integration speed and therefore the loop dynamics. In the current example, a fixed clock 180 is used but in general different clock speeds can also be used for each loop or polarity, resulting in improved performance. The counter output 193, a multi-bit word, is directly setting the pulse width (i.e. duty cycle) which in turns produces a nonlinear output plant parameter. Controlled parameters can be either directly or inversely proportional to the controlling parameter (such as pulse width) and can be referred to as directly or inversely controlled parameters.
According to one particular example, when all directly controlled parameters are below and inversely controlled parameters are above their respective reference levels then all comparators' outputs 225a, 225b, 225c are set HIGH (1), such that the AND operator 170 (loop arbitrator) output is also set HIGH (1). This value results in an increase in the counting direction of the counter 190, which counts the low frequency clock signal 185
(positive integration) and the counter's output multi-bit wora i yj typically δ ro 10 mi) IS increased by 1 increasing the controlling parameter (generally pulse width of the pulse width modulation signal 199).
This process continues, increasing the pulse width of the pulse width modulation signal 199, until any of the controlled plant parameters 155a, 155b, 155c exceeds or falls below (depending on its relation to the pulse width as set by the comparator input polarity) the reference 230a, 230b, 230c, which thereby results in that comparator's output change from HIGH (1) to LOW(0), wherein the change results in producing a transition to LOW (0) on the AND output 175.
The above parameter becomes the dominant loop parameter and the LOW(0) on the AND operator output 175 changes the low frequency clock counter's counting direction. Thus, the integration becomes negative and the counter's output 193, and the pulse width of the pulse width modulation signal 199 (i.e. duty cycle), starts decreasing until that particular parameter 155a, 155b, 155c, or any of the other plant parameters, cross their respective threshold. .
In a solar maximum power point tracking battery charger example, assuming an insolation (sun light intensity) drop can initially result in. an input voltage drop below the programmed level (which is typically needed to keep the photovoltaic panel at the calculated maximum power point) so the panel voltage comparator becomes 1 and the dominant loop (via the AND operator) for as long as the situation continues, reducing (this is a case of inversely controlled parameter) the converter's pulse width (i.e. duty cycle) until the panel voltage increases above the panel reference by 1 least significant bit of the input voltage AID converter hen the integration polarity (counting direction) reverses, keeping the input voltage within a narrow regulation boundary.
If the insolation increases to the point where another controlled parameter, such as the output current, is exceeded, then the output current comparator is set to 0 becoming the dominant loop (via the AND operation) and the output current starts being regulated and in
- Π - control of the pulse width in a process similar as befoic
direction changes when the output current is 1 LSB (least significant bit) below the programmed value because of the direct relationship between the output current and pulse width as defined by the converter nature and implemented by the output current comparator polarity.
The above process can allow for the dominant controlled parameter, whichever it is at that particular moment, to be regulated and stabilised, after an initial transient, to within a narrow ripple value dictated by the interaction of plant dynamics and the clock's frequency.
Notably, bypassing the main AND comparator 170 results in single loop operation. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that dynamic enabling or disabling loops with pre AND gating of any parameter comparator or changing feedback dynamics via clock frequency modification can also be implemented.
It will also be appreciated that in a quasi-equilibrium situation, where all parameters are quasi-static, the error polarity bit can alternate between both polarities resulting in a stable ripple around the desired output parameter value. Upon any disturbance, the polarity bit assumes a monotonous value that makes the bidirectional counter change direction such as to compensate for the deviation.
If at any moment there is a change in dominant loop, which results from a different comparator output being set, then a seamless and gradual pulse width change starts taking . place due to the counter, and therefore the pulse width does not generally experience any discontinuities.
For the multi-loop operation shown in Figure 3, the loop arbitration is a simple AND operation. This produces a value that can be directly fed , in the pulse width control of the Pulse Width Modulator 195.
Accordingly, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the analogue output system parameters ι οο, 155a, 155b, 155c, representing the various parameters to be controlled, are digitised 225 225a, 225b, 225c and compared to an internally generated reference 230, 230a, 230b, 230c. The resulting polarity error signals which are single bits 165a, 165b, 165c, from the multiple loops are digitally ANDed to produce a single dominant control signal, which is also a single bit 175 that is then fed to a bidirectional counter 190 which directly controls the pulse width of the pulse width modulation signal 199.
Accordingly, it would be appreciated that the simple counter serves the dual function of an error integrator and translator for the pulse width microprocessor register.
Thus, it will be appreciated that in a wide range of applications where a transient response is not critical, such as but not limited to, battery chargers and photovoltaic converters, and low cost and high reliability are typically required; the present application can provide numerous advantages. For example, in the multi-loop feedback as shown in Figure 3 this system has eliminated the need for multiple complex PID devices, loop arbitration and pulse width computation, whilst maintaining a low static tracking error in non-linear systems. Furthermore, the use of the single bit comparison decreases the computational requirements by almost two orders of magnitude and enables full software implementation of the real time multi-loop feedback control and pulse width modulators on basic microcontrollers instead of high performance microcontrollers or digital signal processors. According to one particular example, the system described herein uses system clock frequencies in the order of l Hz resulting in lower power consumption, significant for solar and portable applications, as well as lower cost and reduced electromagnetic compatibility problems. In this particular example, the bi-directional counter 190 can provide an indication of the error being positive or negative. Thus, the polarity of the integration is detected and the
clock within the bi-directional counter can act as a countei .
bit is counted, a multi-bit word is still generated.
As described above, according to one particular example, the main inputs to the counter 190 can be single bits (polarity) and low frequency clock signal 185. However, the output 193 is, according to particular example, a ten bit word which sets the required pulse width resolution of the pulse width signal 199. It will be appreciated that software clamps to the counter input may also be implemented to limit the upper and lower limits for the pulse width.
It would further be appreciated that the counter for this system can be easily re-set as it can be turned oft and off as required. Furthermore, the bi-directional counter 190 can include a pre-set function which brings down the duty cycle to the next level. Thus, re-calculation is not required if the counter is turned off in an emergency. Further still, in the multi loop implementation as there is a single integrator, the process can change from loop to loop easily in transition. Additionally, there is just one control system signal and only one counter for the whole system, thus making the system less complex.
It will thus be appreciated that the present described system and method can be used for power electronics, and can provide multi-loop feedback control with reduced computational requirements. It will be appreciated that whilst the examples shown utilise an AND gate in a multi-loop system, it is also possible to rearrange the system such that other Boolean gates are used, such as NAND gate or the like in order to achieve the same outcome.
It will be appreciated that the process can be performed using any electronic processing device such as a microprocessor, microchip processor, logic gate configuration, firmware optionally associated with implementing logic such as .an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate
Array), or any other electronic device, system or arrangement eauauic m yc- uwuimg feedback control for an electrical system. Referring to Figure 4 there is shown a block diagram representing the architecture of a microprocessor 400. In particular, the microprocessor 400 can include one or more processors 410, memory 420, one or more inputs 430 (such as one or more input registers), one or more outputs 440 (such as one or more output registers), in data communication via a data , bus 450. It will also be appreciated that a compute program may be stored in the memory 420 of the microcontroller to perform the above described method. It will be appreciated that many modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
In the context of this specification, the word "comprising" means "including principally but not necessarily solely" or "having" or "including", and not "consisting only of. Variations of the word "comprising", such as "comprise" and "comprises" have correspondingly varied meanings.
Claims
1. A method for performing feedback control for an electrical system, wherein the method includes, an electrical processing device, steps of:
(a) receiving a parameter value from the electrical system indicative of a parameter of the electrical system;
(b) comparing the parameter value to a reference value to generate an error polarity indicative of a polarity of an error between the parameter value and reference value; and
(c) causing generation of a switched-mode signal in accordance with the error polarity, wherein the switched-mode signal is provided as feedback to control the operation of the electrical system.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method includes repetitiously performing steps (a), (b) and (c) during the operation of the electrical system.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method includes:
adjusting, in accordance with the error polarity, a count value of a counter register; and
causing the generation of the switched-mode signal in accordance with the count value.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the counter is a bidirectional counter which receives a clock signal from a clock, wherein the method includes the counter adjusting the counter value in accordance with the clock signal and the error polarity.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the event that the counter value is increased as a result of the error polarity, the method includes causing an increase in a duty cycle of the switched-mode signal.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the counter value is incremented by a value of 1.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the event that the counter value is decreased as a result of the error polarity, the method includes causing a reduction in a duty cycle of the switched-mode signal.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the counter value is decremented by a value of 1. .
9. The method according to any one of claims ] to 8, wherein the error polarity is a single bit indicative of the polarity of the error between the output and reference values.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein method includes:
comparing a plurality of parameter values, indicative of a respective plurality of parameters of the electrical system, to a respective plurality of reference values of the electrical system to generate a plurality of error polarities each indicative of a polarity of the error between the respective parameter value and reference value;
adjusting, in accordance with the plurality of error polarities, the generation of the switched-mode signal generated by the pulse width modulator.
1 1 . The method according to claim 10, wherein the method includes:
determining, based upon the plurality of error pluralities, an error polarity of a dominant parameter from the plurality of parameters of the electrical system; and
adjusting, in accordance with the error polarity of the dominant parameter, the generation of the switched-mode signal.
12. The method according to claim 1 1 , wherein the method includes performing a Boolean operation upon the plurality of error pluralities to determine the error polarity of the dominant parameter.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the Boolean operation is one of:
an AND operation; and a NAND operation.
14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the electrical processing device is in electrical communication with a pulse width modulation unit, wherein the method includes providing the counter value to the pulse width modulation unit to cause the pulse width modulation unit to generate the switched-mode signal in the form of a pulse width modulation signal, wherein the pulse width modulation unit adjusts the pulse width modulation signal accordingly.
15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the electrical processing device is a microprocessor. ·
16. An electrical processing device for performing feedback control for an electrical system, wherein the electrical processing device is configured perform steps of:
(a) receiving a parameter value from the electrical system indicative of a parameter of the electrical system;
(b) comparing the parameter value to a reference value to generate an error polarity indicative of a polarity of an error between the parameter value and reference value; and
(c) causing generation of a switched-mode signal in accordance with the error polarity, wherein the pulse width modulation signal is provided as feedback to control the operation of the electrical system.
17. The electrical processing device according to claim 16, wherein the electrical processing device is configured to repetitiously performing steps (a), .(b) and (c) during the operation of the electrical system.
18. The electrical processing device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the electrical processing device is configured to:
adjust, in accordance with the error polarity, a count value of a counter register; and cause the generation of the switched-mode signal in accordance with the count value.
19. The electrical processing device according to claim 18, wherein the counter is a bidirectional counter which receives a clock signal from a clock, wherein the electrical processing device is configured to adjust the counter value of the counter value in accordance with the clock signal and the error polarity.
20. The electrical processing device according to claim 19, wherein in the event that the counter value is increased as a result of the error pojarity, the electrical processing device causes an increase in a duty cycle of the switched-mode signal.
21 . The electrical processing device according to claim 20, wherein the counter value is incremented by a value of 1 .
22. The electrical processing device according to claim 19, wherein in the event that the counter value is decreased as a result of the error polarity, the electrical processing device causes a reduction in a duty cycle of the switched-mode signal.
23. The electrical processing device according to claim 22, wherein the counter value is decremented by a value of 1.
24. The electrical processing device according to any one of claims 16 to 23, wherein the error polarity is a single bit indicative of the polarity of the error between the output and reference values.
25. The electric processing device according to any one of claims 16 to 24, wherein the electrical processing device is in electrical communication with a pulse width modulation unit, wherein the electrical processing device is configured to set a pulse width modulation control register to the counter value to control the pulse width modulation unit, wherein in response, the pulse width modulation generates the switched-mode signal in the form of a pulse modulation signal, wherein the pulse modulation signal modulator adjusts the pulse width modulation signal accordingly.
26. The electrical processing device according to any one of claims 16 to 25, wherein the electrical processing device is configured to:
compare a plurality of parameter values, indicative of a respective plurality of parameters of the electrical system, to a respective plurality of reference values of the electrical system to generate a plurality of error polarities each indicative of a polarity of the error between the respective output value and reference value; and
adjust, in accordance with the plurality of error polarities, the generation of the switched-mode signal. ·
27. The electrical processing device according to claim 26, wherein the electrical processing device is configured to:
determine, based upon the plurality of error pluralities, an error polarity of a dominant parameter from the plurality of parameters of the electrical system;
adjust, in accordance with the error polarity of the dominant parameter, the generation of the switched-mode signal.
28. The electrical processing device according to claim 27, wherein the electrical processing device is configured to perform a Boolean operation upon the plurality of error pluralities to determine the error polarity of the dominant parameter.
29. The electrical processing device according to claim 28, wherein the Boolean operation is one of:
an AND operation; and
a NAND operation.
30. The electrical processing device according to any one of claims 16 to 29, wherein the electrical processing device is a microprocessor. ·
31. A solar maximum power point tracking battery charger including the electrical processing device according to any one of claims 16 to 30.
32. A solar maximum power point tracking battery charger for one or more photovoltaic cells, wherein the solar maximum power point tracking battery charger includes an electrical processing device according to any one of claims 26 to 29, wherein the electrical system is the one or more photovoltaic cells, and wherein the plurality of parameter values includes at least two of:
an input voltage value indicative of an input voltage parameter of the one or more photovoltaic cells;
an output voltage value indicative of an output voltage parameter of the one or more photovoltaic cells; and
an output current value indicative of an output current parameter of the one or more photovoltaic cells.
33. A method for performing feedback control for an electrical system, substantially hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
34. An electrical processing device for performing feedback control for an electrical system, substantially hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
35. A solar maximum power point tracking battery charger for one or more photovoltaic cells, substantially hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2010901565 | 2010-04-13 | ||
| AU2010901565A AU2010901565A0 (en) | 2010-04-13 | A method and system for performing feedback control |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011127534A1 true WO2011127534A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
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ID=44798179
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2011/000428 WO2011127534A1 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2011-04-13 | Electronic feedback control |
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| Country | Link |
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| WO (1) | WO2011127534A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104579156A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-29 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | PID inhibition device of bipolar type photovoltaic array system |
| CN104590044A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-05-06 | 安徽贵博新能科技有限公司 | Alternating current charging safety monitoring device for electric vehicle |
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| CN201234224Y (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2009-05-06 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Solar charger |
| US7548047B1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2009-06-16 | Marvell International Ltd. | Pulse width modulated buck voltage regulator with stable feedback control loop |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7548047B1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2009-06-16 | Marvell International Ltd. | Pulse width modulated buck voltage regulator with stable feedback control loop |
| CN201234224Y (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2009-05-06 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Solar charger |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104579156A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-29 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | PID inhibition device of bipolar type photovoltaic array system |
| CN104590044A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-05-06 | 安徽贵博新能科技有限公司 | Alternating current charging safety monitoring device for electric vehicle |
| CN104590044B (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽贵博新能科技有限公司 | Alternating current charging safety monitoring device for electric vehicle |
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