WO2011124479A1 - Method and arrangement for manipulating domain information stored in a magnetic medium - Google Patents
Method and arrangement for manipulating domain information stored in a magnetic medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011124479A1 WO2011124479A1 PCT/EP2011/054587 EP2011054587W WO2011124479A1 WO 2011124479 A1 WO2011124479 A1 WO 2011124479A1 EP 2011054587 W EP2011054587 W EP 2011054587W WO 2011124479 A1 WO2011124479 A1 WO 2011124479A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- medium
- laser light
- polarized
- domain
- laser beam
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C19/00—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers
- G11C19/02—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements
- G11C19/08—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure
- G11C19/0808—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure using magnetic domain propagation
- G11C19/0841—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure using magnetic domain propagation using electric current
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/10—Plotting field distribution ; Measuring field distribution
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
- G01R33/1284—Spin resolved measurements; Influencing spins during measurements, e.g. in spintronics devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
- G11C11/165—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C11/1675—Writing or programming circuits or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/04—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam
- G11C13/06—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam using magneto-optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B11/00—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B11/10—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field
- G11B11/105—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording by change of magnetisation and a beam of light for reproducing, i.e. magneto-optical, e.g. light-induced thermomagnetic recording, spin magnetisation recording, Kerr or Faraday effect reproducing
- G11B11/10532—Heads
- G11B11/10534—Heads for recording by magnetising, demagnetising or transfer of magnetisation, by radiation, e.g. for thermomagnetic recording
- G11B11/10539—Heads for recording by magnetising, demagnetising or transfer of magnetisation, by radiation, e.g. for thermomagnetic recording using electromagnetic beams, e.g. polarised light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B2005/0002—Special dispositions or recording techniques
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for manipulating domain information stored in a magnetic medium, in which spin-polarized current pulses are passed through the medium
- the invention is particularly applicable to magnetic data storage.
- oppositely magnetized domains represent the information bits "0" and "1".
- the conventional way to write these domains is to use external magnetic fields generated by a magnetic write head locally in the magnetic storage layer of the hard disk.
- Kimel et al. [1, 2, 3, 4] have found and experimentally demonstrated an alternative way of writing domains and remagnetizing a magnetizable medium, which allows faster data writing.
- the method is based on the inverse Faraday effect.
- the conventional Faraday effect is based on a change of linearly polarized light when a magnetized, optically transparent ferro- or ferrimagnetic medium shows through. This change manifests itself primarily in a rotation of the polarization state of the light, which may be superimposed by ellipticity.
- the corresponding effect in reflection on non-transparent materials is called the magneto-optical Kerr effect.
- linearly polarized light consists of two circularly polarized partial waves of equal amplitude, which rotate in the opposite direction.
- the two partial waves sense different refractive indices due to the magnetization of the medium and therefore propagate at different speeds. When leaving the medium, they thus unite to form a linearly polarized wave whose direction of oscillation is rotated in comparison to the incoming wave. If the two partial waves are also attenuated differently, the emerging light is elliptically polarized in addition to the rotation (circular dichroism).
- the basic rule for generating a Kerr or Faraday rotation is: a rotation of light occurs when a non-vanishing magnetization component exists along the propagation direction of the reflected or transmitted light beam in the medium. Consequently, there is no Kerr or Faraday effect on perpendicular illumination of planar magnetized domains. Planar magnetised domains require an oblique light incidence.
- This rule can be deduced from an alternative interpretation of the physical mechanism of the Kerr and Faraday effect, which is based on the Lorentz concept and attributes said effects to a gyrotropic interaction of the light with the magnetization. Accordingly, the illuminating light excites certain electrons of the magnetic medium to oscillating vibrations along the electric field E of the light wave.
- the dipoles thus generated emit a normal-reflected wave with the vibration vector N. Due to the magnetization m of the medium, the vibrating electrons experience a Lorentz force if the cross product mx E is non-zero. The Lorentz force generates a secondary light component K, which is polarized perpendicular to N. Both eventually superimpose to a resulting wave that is rotated or elliptically polarized, depending on whether N and K are in-phase or phase-shifted. Kimmel et al.
- the left- and right-circularly polarized light acts like a magnetic field of opposite direction. Furthermore, the optical excitation generates an ultrafast heating of the magnetic system, which makes it highly sensitive to the magnetic field caused by the circularly-polarized light pulses.
- planar magnetised domains require an oblique incidence, while domains perpendicular to the medium surface can be repolarized at both oblique and vertical incidence.
- the writing takes place in a purely optical way by illuminating the medium with circularly polarized light.
- a method for recording and reproducing information for Bloch line memory [4a] The information is stored as Bloch lines in the domain walls of magnetic thin films.
- the storage process is realized by means of a displacement of a domain wall between a first and a second potential well generated in the thin film.
- Potential wells are heated by means of light pulses, so that a temperature gradient forms with respect to the remaining regions of the thin film, as a result of which the domain expands into the heated region. This is associated with a shift of the originally located at the first potential well
- racetrack memory Another novel concept of magnetic data storage, the so-called “racetrack memory”, has been published by IBM [5, 6], which theoretically allows the conventional hard disks and flash memory used to date to be used
- the racetrack memory should offer considerable advantages in terms of storage density and reading speed.
- a conductor track grid made of a magnetizable medium which consists, for example, of U-shaped partial loops, is produced in the smallest possible space.
- these tracks which have a width of about 50 nm, one can write by means of a write head magnetic domains of opposite polarization, which represent the bit information and which are separated by domain walls. If you send an electric current through the web, it is spin-polarized due to the magnetization of the medium.
- the current interacts with the spin structure of the domain walls and sets them in motion at the same time. In this way, you can push the bit pattern of the trace on a read head and thus read.
- the electrical voltage required to drive the domains through the track is proportional to the length of the track.
- the current density must be correspondingly high in order to set the domain walls in motion.
- a sheet of, for example, the ferromagnetic N i Fe alloy Permalloy having a length of 1 cm has an electrical resistivity of 5 ⁇ 10 "7 Ohm / m and requires a current density of 3 x 10 8 A / cm 2 at a voltage of 15 kV
- the speed of the domain walls has been shown to be up to 1000 times slower than predicted, due to defects in and on the edge of the track, which hold and slow down the walls.
- Racetrack memory profitably, one would have to produce highly-efficient traces in complex deposition and patterning process.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and an arrangement for manipulating domain information stored in a magnetic medium in which spin-polarized electrical current pulses are passed through the medium causing domain wall shifts based on the racetrack memory method in that a reduction in the current density and the electromigration is possible.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that, for the purpose of reducing the current density required for the domain wall displacement, the medium with polarized pulsed laser light makes use of the effect of an interaction between the magneto-optical radian effect and the generation of a torque is illuminated at the spin domain domain, where domains magnetized in the plane of the medium surface are illuminated at an incidence in vertical incidence and domains whose magnetization is oriented perpendicular to the medium surface.
- Another essential feature of the invention is that the wavelength, the pulse duration and the fluence of the pulsed laser light are chosen so that no heat is introduced into the magnetic medium by the laser light, which would lead to a heating of the medium, which exceeds the through electrical current pulses generated heat goes out.
- linearly polarized, elliptically polarized or circularly polarized pulsed laser light can be used.
- a pulsed laser beam with a pulse duration in the picosecond or femtosecond range is used for illumination.
- the wavelength in the range from 400 to 1400 nm, the pulse duration in the range from 10 to 100 femtoseconds and the fluence in the range from 0.1 mJ / cm 2 to 100 mJ / cm 2 are selected for the pulsed laser light.
- the concrete parameters are to be selected within the scope of these ranges in such a way that a heat input into the magnetic medium is avoided.
- the medium may, in addition to utilizing the effect of reversing the medium
- Domain wall displacement required current density can be exploited.
- the polarization direction or the direction of polarization of the laser light can also be changed during illumination.
- the current-carrying magnetic medium can be operated with a current density of ⁇ 10 8 A mm 2 .
- the method is particularly for the magnetic
- the invention also includes an arrangement for manipulating domain information stored in a magnetic medium in which spin-polarized electrical current pulses are passed through the medium causing a domain wall shift.
- This arrangement is characterized by a pulse laser source for illuminating a planar or vertically magnetized domain structure present in the medium with a polarized laser beam.
- a pulse laser source a femtosecond or picosecond laser can be used.
- a device for changing the polarization of the laser beam is advantageously arranged.
- the device for changing the polarization of the laser beam can be any device for changing the polarization of the laser beam.
- Phase shifter which causes an elliptical or circular polarization of the laser light.
- a device for changing the focus of the laser beam can be arranged in the laser beam.
- the laser beam can advantageously be directed onto the surface of the medium by means of a pivotable pulse laser source or by means of a mirror arrangement in a vertical or oblique incidence.
- the arrangement is particularly for the magnetic
- racetrack memories can be made much more effective, since one does not rely on the high-efficiency tracks.
- the invention is based on a reversal of that discovered about 20 years ago
- magneto-optical gradient effect [8].
- the gradient effect can be used to detect changes in the magnetization. It is a magneto-optical
- Birefringence effect occurring in planar-magnetized media when illuminated with linearly polarized light in planar magnetized perpendicular incidence media or obliquely incidence vertically magnetized media.
- the reflected (or transmitted) light is transformed into elliptically polarized light due to the gradient effect.
- Polarizing microscope is therefore the use of a phase shifter (eg a rotatable quarter-wave plate) is required, which is to be placed in front of the analyzer in the beam path.
- the phase shifter With the phase shifter, the elliptical light can be linearized again and thus detected with the aid of the analyzer as light rotation.
- With perpendicular illumination of planar domains neither a Kerr nor Faraday effect is possible (both require an oblique incidence in the case of planar magnetised domains), so that the gradient effect is effective independently of the mentioned effects. It manifests itself in a domain boundary contrast which causes the domain walls to appear in an alternating light-dark contrast, regardless of their actual magnetization rotation (see Fig. 2).
- the contrast is determined by the magnetization directions of the domains immediately adjacent to a domain wall, or more specifically by the change in the magnetization (ie the gradient of the magnetization) across the domain wall.
- the physical cause for this is, as with the Kerr and Faraday effect, the gyrotropic interaction mx E between magnetization in the one Wall adjacent domains and the electric vector E of the light wave. Is in a suitable direction of magnetization of a domain relative to the E vector the
- a planar magnetized domain structure is obliquely illuminated perpendicularly with linearly polarized light or a perpendicularly magnetized domain structure, which may have been - but not necessarily - previously elliptically or circularly polarized by means of a phase shifter. While at vertical incidence the inverse Faraday or Kerr effect can not occur, however, surprisingly, the inverse gradient effect occurs in the present invention. With a suitable direction of rotation of the incident light and with a suitable orientation of the domain walls in accordance with the dielectric law of the gradient effect [9], this causes a change in existing magnetization gradients, which has an effect, in particular, on existing domain walls.
- Fig. 1 the structure of an arrangement for manipulation of in a magnetic
- FIG. 2 a representation of the symmetry of typical domain boundary contrasts of a
- the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 is primarily for reading information. These are present here as domain information stored in a magnetic medium 1.
- the medium 1 has the form of a 40 nm wide band, are passed through the spin-polarized current pulses 6 with a current density of 10 6 A mm 2 .
- a known magnetoresistive read head 7 is arranged, with which the stored domain information is read out.
- the medium has a planar-magnetized domain structure, as shown in Fig. 2.
- the representation shows symmetry of typical domain boundary contrasts of a planar-magnetized thin-film medium caused by the magneto-optical gradient contrast.
- the polarization direction of the vertically incident light is horizontal.
- the domain boundary contrast of the 180 ° walls will revolve, while the oppositely magnetized domains will not show gradient contrast if the domains are magnetized parallel to the direction of polarization.
- the arrangement contains a pulse laser source 2 for illuminating the magnetic medium 1.
- the pulse laser source 2 is a picosecond laser.
- the pus laser source 2 is arranged pivotably over the medium over an angular range 3, so that the laser beam can be directed onto the surface of the medium in a vertical or oblique incidence, depending on the magnetization direction of the respective domains present.
- a first means 4 for changing the polarization of the laser beam is arranged.
- the device 4 is a phase shifter which causes an elliptical or a circular polarization of the laser light.
- a second device 5 is arranged in the laser beam. With this, the focus of the laser beam can be changed.
- the parameters of the laser beam are chosen as follows:
- the laser pulses can be used as well as to read the domain information as well as read:
- the magnetic medium 1 is transported via the magnetoresistive reading head 7 using the above-mentioned spin-polarized current pulses 6 which move the domain walls.
- the laser beam is thereby widened optically with the device 5 so far that the entire width of the magnetic medium 1 is illuminated.
- the laser pulses cause that the domain walls are easily movable and thereby can be moved at relatively low electric current densities.
- the laser beam is focused at a certain point on the magnetic medium 1 and the inverse Faraday or inverse Kerr effect used to selectively generate domains of a particular polarization direction.
- a different incidence of the laser beam must be used to write and read the domain information.
- the polarization state of the laser beam can be adjusted by selecting a linear, elliptical or circular polarization, respectively.
- the device 4 nor the polarization direction of the laser beam can be changed during the lighting.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE112011101243.8T DE112011101243B4 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2011-03-25 | Method and device for manipulating domain information stored in a magnetic medium |
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DE102010003811.3 | 2010-04-09 | ||
DE102010003811A DE102010003811A1 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2010-04-09 | Method and device for manipulating domain information stored in a magnetic medium |
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WO2011124479A1 true WO2011124479A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
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PCT/EP2011/054587 WO2011124479A1 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2011-03-25 | Method and arrangement for manipulating domain information stored in a magnetic medium |
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WO (1) | WO2011124479A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113900411A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-07 | 泉州装备制造研究所 | Laser-based three-dimensional magnetic programming device and method |
CN113900411B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2024-06-07 | 泉州装备制造研究所 | Three-dimensional magnetic programming device and method based on laser |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3542279A1 (en) | 1984-11-30 | 1986-06-05 | Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo | Recording and/or reproducing method for Bloch-line memories |
WO2007136243A1 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2007-11-29 | Stichting Katholieke Universiteit, More Particulary The Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre | Magneto-optical switching device and method for switching a magnetizable medium |
US7315470B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2008-01-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Data storage device and associated method for writing data to, and reading data from an unpatterned magnetic layer |
US20090175110A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-09 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Non-volatile memory element and method of operation therefor |
-
2010
- 2010-04-09 DE DE102010003811A patent/DE102010003811A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2011
- 2011-03-25 DE DE112011101243.8T patent/DE112011101243B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-25 WO PCT/EP2011/054587 patent/WO2011124479A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3542279A1 (en) | 1984-11-30 | 1986-06-05 | Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo | Recording and/or reproducing method for Bloch-line memories |
US7315470B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2008-01-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Data storage device and associated method for writing data to, and reading data from an unpatterned magnetic layer |
WO2007136243A1 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2007-11-29 | Stichting Katholieke Universiteit, More Particulary The Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre | Magneto-optical switching device and method for switching a magnetizable medium |
US20090175110A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-09 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Non-volatile memory element and method of operation therefor |
Non-Patent Citations (8)
Title |
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A. V. KIMEL, A. KIRILYUK, TH. RASING: "Femtosecond opto-magnetism: ultrafast laser manipulation of magnetic materials", LASER & PHOTON. REV., vol. 1, 2007, pages 275, XP002607030, DOI: doi:10.1002/IPOR.200710022 |
C. D. STANCIU, F. HANSTEEN, A. V. KIMEL, A. KIRILYUK, A. TSUKAMOTO, A. ITOH, TH. RASING: "All-Optical Magnetic Recording with Circularly Polarized Light", PHYS. REV. LETT., vol. 99, 2007, pages 047601 |
C. D. STANCIU, F. HANSTEEN, A. V. KIMEL, A. TSUKAMOTO, A. ITOH, A. KIRILYUK, TH. RASING: "Ultrafast Interaction of the Angular Momentum of Photons with Spins in the Metallic Amorphous Alloy GdFeCo", PHYS. REV. LETT., vol. 98, 2007, pages 207401 |
HOHLFELD J ET AL: "Athermal all-optical femtosecond magnetization reversal in GdFeCo", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, AIP, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS, MELVILLE, NY, US, vol. 94, no. 15, 14 April 2009 (2009-04-14), pages 152504 - 152504, XP012120864, ISSN: 0003-6951, DOI: DOI:10.1063/1.3119313 * |
PARKIN: "Magnetic Domain-Wall Racetrack Memory", SCIENCE, vol. 320, 2008, pages 190, XP009137973, DOI: doi:10.1126/science.1145799 |
R. SCHÄFER, A. HUBERT: "A new magnetooptical effect related to non-uniform magnetization on the surface of a ferromagnet", PHYS. STAT. SOL.(A), vol. 118, 1990, pages 271 - 288 |
R. SCHÄFER, C. HAMANN, J. MCCORD, L. SCHULTZ, V. KAMBERSKY: "Magnetooptical gradient effect in exchange-biased thin film: experimental evidence for classical diffraction theory", SUBMITTED TO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYS, 2010 |
ZHANG Y ET AL: "High-density all-optical magnetic recording using a high-NA lens illuminated by circularly polarized pulse lights", PHYSICS LETTERS A, NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING CO., AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 372, no. 41, 6 October 2008 (2008-10-06), pages 6294 - 6297, XP025429681, ISSN: 0375-9601, [retrieved on 20080829], DOI: DOI:10.1016/J.PHYSLETA.2008.08.048 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113900411A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-07 | 泉州装备制造研究所 | Laser-based three-dimensional magnetic programming device and method |
CN113900411B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2024-06-07 | 泉州装备制造研究所 | Three-dimensional magnetic programming device and method based on laser |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112011101243A5 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
DE112011101243B4 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
DE102010003811A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
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