WO2011120580A1 - High node concentration storage and transportation of sugarcane - Google Patents

High node concentration storage and transportation of sugarcane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011120580A1
WO2011120580A1 PCT/EP2010/054375 EP2010054375W WO2011120580A1 WO 2011120580 A1 WO2011120580 A1 WO 2011120580A1 EP 2010054375 W EP2010054375 W EP 2010054375W WO 2011120580 A1 WO2011120580 A1 WO 2011120580A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
node
cubic meter
stem sections
sugarcane
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2010/054375
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French (fr)
Inventor
Murilo Moreira
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Syngenta Participations AG
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Syngenta Participations AG
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Publication date
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Priority to BR112012024930A priority Critical patent/BR112012024930A2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2010/054375 priority patent/WO2011120580A1/en
Publication of WO2011120580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011120580A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/16—Large containers flexible
    • B65D88/1612—Flexible intermediate bulk containers [FIBC]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
    • A01F25/14—Containers specially adapted for storing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
    • A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
    • A01F25/163—Arrangements in forage silos in tower silos
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
    • A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
    • A01F25/22—Ventilating arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/74—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B65D88/741—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents aerating by ambient air through openings in the wall

Definitions

  • the present technology relates generally to the storage and transportation of sugarcane, and more particularly to the storage and transportation of sugarcane cuttings having a single node.
  • Sugar cane is a commercially important gramineous plant. Sugar cane acreage is increasing, and its uses include the production of sugar, Falernum, molasses, rum, cachaca (the national spirit of Brazil) and ethanol for fuel.
  • the bagasse that remains after sugar cane crushing can be used to provide both heat energy, used in the mill, and electricity, which is typically sold to the consumer electricity grid and as a feedstock for the production of ethanol.
  • a seed of sugar cane is a dry one-seeded fruit or caryopsis formed from a single carpel, the ovary wall (pericarp) being united with the seed-coat (testa).
  • the seeds are ovate, yellowish brown and very small, about 1 mm long.
  • the seed of a sugar cane is not sown or planted, but the cane cuttings (also known as a stem section (or part of a stalk or culm or seedling)) of 40-50 cm in length are placed horizontally in furrows which are generally wide at ground level & deep (40 to 50 cm wide and 30 to 40 cm deep), and then lightly covered with soil.
  • the stem of sugar cane comprises generally several nodes and internodes as in other grasses.
  • the term "node” means the part of the stem of a plant from which a leaf, branch, or aerial root grows; each plant has many nodes. At the position of each node, a bud (or gemma) forms, that can grow to yield the crop.
  • Suitable material for cuttings are pieces of cane cut from 8-14 month old healthy plants, with the older basal buds or buds in the middle to top of the stem germinating stronger and faster. The cuttings are taken from plants which themselves have generally grown from cuttings.
  • the nodes range from 10 to 25 cm apart along the above-ground section of the stem.
  • a broad leaf rises which consists of a sheaf or base and the leaf blade.
  • the sheaf is attached to the stem at the node and at that point entirely surrounds the stem with edges overlapping.
  • the sheath from one node encircles the stem up to the next node above and may overlap the base of the leaf on the next higher node.
  • the leaf blade is very long and narrow, varying in width from 2.5 to 7.5 cm and up to 1.5m or more in length.
  • a bud protected under the leaf sheath.
  • stem sections When stem sections are planted by laying them horizontally and covering with soil a new stem grows from the bud, and roots grow from the base of the new stem. The stem branches below ground so several may rise as a clump from the growth of the bud at a node.
  • mature cane stems are cut into sections, either manually in the furrows or by automation and laid horizontally in furrows. In continental United States cuttings with several nodes are laid while in tropical countries sections with only 2 or 3 nodes are commonly used - since temperatures for growth are more favorable.
  • the cuttings can be prepared either manually or by mechanical means.
  • Manual preparation involves manually cutting the longer cuttings in the furrow into smaller stem sections having on average three buds, and so a stem section could unintentionally have one bud because of the overlap between the cuttings in the furrow.
  • mechanical means are used for preparing the cuttings, the stem sections generally have 2 to 3 buds per stem section and these are then placed in the furrows also with aid of mechanical means.
  • a stand of cane can be harvested several times; after each harvest, the cane sends up new stems, called ratoons. Usually, each successive harvest gives a smaller yield, and eventually the declining yields justify replanting.
  • two to ten harvests may be possible between plantings. After planting, the crop is sprayed with water, fertilizer, and pesticides, such as herbicides and insecticides.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a flexible perforated container in accordance with the present technology.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a perforated container in accordance with the present technology.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a perforated container in the form of a tractor-trailer in accordance with the present technology.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a perforated container in the form of a truck in accordance with the present technology.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a perforated container in the form of a railcar in accordance with the present technology.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a perforated container in the form of a storage silo in accordance with the present technology.
  • the stem section comprising the node in accordance with the present technology is from about 2 to about 12 cm in length. More suitably, it is from about 3 to about 8 cm in length, especially from 3.5 to 4.5 cm in length.
  • the present invention allows cost-effective methods having logistic advantages for a crop, such as sugar cane, through improved handling, storage, and transportation.
  • Sugarcane or sugar cane is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Old World . They have stout, jointed, fibrous stems that are rich in sugar and measure 2 to 6 meters tall. All of the sugarcane species interbreed, and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.
  • species include Saccharum arundinaceum, Saccharum bengalense, Saccharum edule, Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum procerum, Saccharum ravennae, Saccharum robustum, Saccharum sinense, Saccharum spontaneum.
  • the stem section (or 'cutting', or part of the stalk or culm) for planting according to the technology preferably has defined characteristics, such as having at least one node, bud, or gemma, having only one node, bud, or gemma, and/or having a defined length.
  • the stem section has only one node.
  • the term 'bud' also encompasses the node at which a bud is capable of forming, since the bud itself may not have formed at the time of cutting or planting.
  • the stem section to be stored is generally from about 2 to about 20 cm in length, suitably from about 2 to about 12 cm, more suitably from about 3 to about 8 cm, more suitably from about 3.5 to 4.5 cm, and especially about 4 cm in length.
  • the stem section is of a minimum length that the section contains at least one node.
  • the stem section is from about 3 to about 8 cm in length, and comprises only one node.
  • the present technology is suitable for the different types of nodes (e.g. tall root band, contricted root band, conoidal root band and obconoidal root band) and internodes (e.g. cylindrical, tumescent, bobbin-shaped, conoidal, obconoidal and concave-convex).
  • nodes e.g. tall root band, contricted root band, conoidal root band and obconoidal root band
  • internodes e.g. cylindrical, tumescent, bobbin-shaped, conoidal, obconoidal and concave-convex.
  • a stem section containing one node can be obtained by manually cutting the cutting to the desired lengths (for example, with a machete) or by mechanical or automated means.
  • the stem section is prepared by making two cross-sectional cuts through the stem, one above and one below the position of the node at which the bud forms.
  • the sugarcane stem sections can ferment during storage and transportation, which in-turn lowers the germination and shelf-life of the sugarcane stem section for planting.
  • the present technology provides for methods of storage and transportation of high node concentrations of sugarcane stem sections which prevent, control, and/or reduce fermentation of the sugarcane stem sections.
  • the present technology provides for a method of storing and transporting high concentrations of sugarcane stem sections in a container designed to allow for airflow into the container in an amount effective to prevent or reduce fermentation of the sugarcane stem sections within the container.
  • Node concentrations in accordance with the present technology range from about 10,000 to about 50,000 nodes per cubic meter.
  • the node concentrations are from about 10,000 to about 30,000 nodes per cubic meter, from about 10,000 to about 25,000 nodes per cubic meter, from about 12,000 to about 25,000 nodes per cubic meter, from about 12,000 to about 20,000 nodes per cubic meter, from about 15,000 to about 25,000 nodes per cubic meter, and from about 15,000 to about 20,000 nodes per cubic meter.
  • a container in accordance with the present technology may be a rigid or flexible container. The container of the present technology is preferably greater than 1 cubic meter in storage capacity.
  • the container of the present technology is of a design which allows for airflow into the container in an amount effective to prevent or reduce fermentation of the sugarcane stem sections within the container.
  • Airflow into the container is preferably obtained through perforations in the container wall or walls.
  • the perforations for airflow may be present throughout a wall section or may be present in only a portion of a wall section.
  • the perforations for airflow may be present on only one wall section or present on two or more wall sections. Perforations may also be present on either the top or bottom of the container as well.
  • the perforations of the present technology are designed to allow for proper airflow into the container and around the sugarcane stem sections.
  • the perforations are of a design that is small enough to prevent the sugarcane stem sections from falling through the perforations.
  • the perforations are also of a design that is small enough to prevent the stem sections from being forced through the perforations under normal storage and transportation conditions. Also, the perforations are of a design and quantity large enough to allow for airflow into the container in an amount effective to prevent or reduce fermentation of the sugarcane stem sections within the container.
  • sugarcane stem sections in accordance with the present technology range from about 2 to about 20 cm in length, suitably from about 2 to about 12 cm, suitably from about 2 to about 8 cm, more suitably from about 3 to about 8 cm, more suitably from about 3.5 to 4.5 cm, and especially about 4 cm in length.
  • the diameter of sugarcane stem sections in accordance with the present technology range from about 1 to about 5 cm, suitably from about 2 to about 4 cm, more suitably from about 2 to about 3 cm.
  • Individual perforations in accordance with the present technology are preferably less than 2 cm in either width or length, or less than 2 cm in both width and length.
  • Square, rectangular, and quadrilateral perforations in accordance with the present technology range from a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 30 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 6 cm; preferably a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 15 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm; preferably a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 7 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm; preferably a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 5 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm; preferably a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm; preferably a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 5 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 1 cm.
  • Table 1 Additional preferred square, rectangular, and quadrilateral (average length and width) perforation dimensions in accordance with the present technology are shown below in Table 1:
  • the container is a perforated flexible plastic bag with an internal volume from about 1-5 yd 3 (0.76-3.82 m 3 ), more preferably from 1.5-3 yd 3 (1.15-2.29 m 3 ).
  • Flexible plastic bags in this volume range are known as F.I.B.C.'s (Flex Intermediate Bulk Containers).
  • a preferred material for the containers of the present technology is polypropylene.
  • a perforated flexible plastic bag in accordance with the technology is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the container is a perforated rigid container with an internal volume from about 1-5 yd 3 (0.76-3.82 m 3 ), more preferably from 1.5-3 yd 3 (1.15-2.29 m 3 ).
  • a rigid container may be constructed from any suitable rigid material such as a metal for example, steel, aluminum, or tin, wood, or a rigid plastic.
  • a perforated rigid container in accordance with the technology is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the container is a perforated rigid container with an internal volume of from about 5-200 yd 3 (3.82-152 m 3 ), preferably from 35-200 yd 3 (26.8-152 m 3 ), and preferably from 100-200 yd 3 (76.5-152 m 3 ).
  • a rigid container may in the form of, for example, a perforated shipping container, a perforated vehicle trailer, or a perforated rail car.
  • a perforated container in accordance with the technology is shown in FIGS. 3-5.
  • the container is a perforated rigid container with an internal volume of greater than 200 yd 3 (152 m 3 ).
  • a rigid container may be in the form of, for example, a perforated storage container, perforated cargo hold of a ship, or perforated rail car.
  • a perforated container in accordance with the technology is shown in FIGS. 5-6.

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Abstract

Methods and transportation of high node concentrations of sugarcane stem sections which prevent, control, and/or reduce fermentation of the sugarcane stem sections.

Description

High Node Concentration Storage and Transportation of Sugarcane
The present technology relates generally to the storage and transportation of sugarcane, and more particularly to the storage and transportation of sugarcane cuttings having a single node.
Sugar cane is a commercially important gramineous plant. Sugar cane acreage is increasing, and its uses include the production of sugar, Falernum, molasses, rum, cachaca (the national spirit of Brazil) and ethanol for fuel. The bagasse that remains after sugar cane crushing can be used to provide both heat energy, used in the mill, and electricity, which is typically sold to the consumer electricity grid and as a feedstock for the production of ethanol.
A seed of sugar cane is a dry one-seeded fruit or caryopsis formed from a single carpel, the ovary wall (pericarp) being united with the seed-coat (testa). The seeds are ovate, yellowish brown and very small, about 1 mm long. However, for commercial agriculture, the seed of a sugar cane is not sown or planted, but the cane cuttings (also known as a stem section (or part of a stalk or culm or seedling)) of 40-50 cm in length are placed horizontally in furrows which are generally wide at ground level & deep (40 to 50 cm wide and 30 to 40 cm deep), and then lightly covered with soil.
The stem of sugar cane comprises generally several nodes and internodes as in other grasses. The term "node" means the part of the stem of a plant from which a leaf, branch, or aerial root grows; each plant has many nodes. At the position of each node, a bud (or gemma) forms, that can grow to yield the crop. Suitable material for cuttings are pieces of cane cut from 8-14 month old healthy plants, with the older basal buds or buds in the middle to top of the stem germinating stronger and faster. The cuttings are taken from plants which themselves have generally grown from cuttings.
The nodes range from 10 to 25 cm apart along the above-ground section of the stem. At each node a broad leaf rises which consists of a sheaf or base and the leaf blade. The sheaf is attached to the stem at the node and at that point entirely surrounds the stem with edges overlapping. The sheath from one node encircles the stem up to the next node above and may overlap the base of the leaf on the next higher node. The leaf blade is very long and narrow, varying in width from 2.5 to 7.5 cm and up to 1.5m or more in length. Also, at each node along the stem is a bud, protected under the leaf sheath. When stem sections are planted by laying them horizontally and covering with soil a new stem grows from the bud, and roots grow from the base of the new stem. The stem branches below ground so several may rise as a clump from the growth of the bud at a node. In planting sugar cane fields, mature cane stems are cut into sections, either manually in the furrows or by automation and laid horizontally in furrows. In continental United States cuttings with several nodes are laid while in tropical countries sections with only 2 or 3 nodes are commonly used - since temperatures for growth are more favorable.
The cuttings can be prepared either manually or by mechanical means. Manual preparation involves manually cutting the longer cuttings in the furrow into smaller stem sections having on average three buds, and so a stem section could unintentionally have one bud because of the overlap between the cuttings in the furrow. When mechanical means are used for preparing the cuttings, the stem sections generally have 2 to 3 buds per stem section and these are then placed in the furrows also with aid of mechanical means. Once planted, a stand of cane can be harvested several times; after each harvest, the cane sends up new stems, called ratoons. Usually, each successive harvest gives a smaller yield, and eventually the declining yields justify replanting. Depending on agricultural practice, two to ten harvests may be possible between plantings. After planting, the crop is sprayed with water, fertilizer, and pesticides, such as herbicides and insecticides.
These existing agricultural practices with for example, sugar cane, show several disadvantages such as the requirement of workmanship to cut the stem, use of different kinds of bulky machines, many steps and low efficiency. This scenario usually leads to high costs of operation and logistic and undesirable risks for people working in field when cutting the stems. Additionally, one of the greatest disadvantages is that the cutting is cut in a long length of about 40 cm, especially when automated, more specifically about 37 cm, in order to ensure that there will be at least two or three buds (or also known as gemmas) per part of cutting, which requires large areas for processing and incurs higher costs. Further, once cut, the larger stem sections require big areas to stock, bringing further increased costs for the process. Also, the planting of the known stem sections requires a high weight of stem sections per hectare, such as 16-18 ton/ha (by mechanic planting) or 12-16 ton/ha (by conventional planting).
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a flexible perforated container in accordance with the present technology.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a perforated container in accordance with the present technology. FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a perforated container in the form of a tractor-trailer in accordance with the present technology.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a perforated container in the form of a truck in accordance with the present technology.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a perforated container in the form of a railcar in accordance with the present technology.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a perforated container in the form of a storage silo in accordance with the present technology.
Suitably the stem section comprising the node in accordance with the present technology is from about 2 to about 12 cm in length. More suitably, it is from about 3 to about 8 cm in length, especially from 3.5 to 4.5 cm in length.
The present invention, allows cost-effective methods having logistic advantages for a crop, such as sugar cane, through improved handling, storage, and transportation.
Other crops suitable for the present technology include, for example, bamboo.
Sugarcane or sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Old World . They have stout, jointed, fibrous stems that are rich in sugar and measure 2 to 6 meters tall. All of the sugarcane species interbreed, and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.
Specific examples of species include Saccharum arundinaceum, Saccharum bengalense, Saccharum edule, Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum procerum, Saccharum ravennae, Saccharum robustum, Saccharum sinense, Saccharum spontaneum.
The stem section (or 'cutting', or part of the stalk or culm) for planting according to the technology preferably has defined characteristics, such as having at least one node, bud, or gemma, having only one node, bud, or gemma, and/or having a defined length. Suitably the stem section has only one node.
In the context of the present technology, the term 'bud' also encompasses the node at which a bud is capable of forming, since the bud itself may not have formed at the time of cutting or planting. The stem section to be stored is generally from about 2 to about 20 cm in length, suitably from about 2 to about 12 cm, more suitably from about 3 to about 8 cm, more suitably from about 3.5 to 4.5 cm, and especially about 4 cm in length.
The stem section is of a minimum length that the section contains at least one node. Suitably, the stem section is from about 3 to about 8 cm in length, and comprises only one node.
The present technology is suitable for the different types of nodes (e.g. tall root band, contricted root band, conoidal root band and obconoidal root band) and internodes (e.g. cylindrical, tumescent, bobbin-shaped, conoidal, obconoidal and concave-convex).
A stem section containing one node can be obtained by manually cutting the cutting to the desired lengths (for example, with a machete) or by mechanical or automated means. Suitably, the stem section is prepared by making two cross-sectional cuts through the stem, one above and one below the position of the node at which the bud forms.
Storage and transportation of the stem sections in high node concentrations (e.g.
nodes/volume) and in large volumes (e.g. greater than 1 cubic meter) can prove problematic without the proper storage and transportation methods of the present technology. Without the storage and transportation method of the present technology, the sugarcane stem sections can ferment during storage and transportation, which in-turn lowers the germination and shelf-life of the sugarcane stem section for planting. As such, the present technology provides for methods of storage and transportation of high node concentrations of sugarcane stem sections which prevent, control, and/or reduce fermentation of the sugarcane stem sections.
The present technology provides for a method of storing and transporting high concentrations of sugarcane stem sections in a container designed to allow for airflow into the container in an amount effective to prevent or reduce fermentation of the sugarcane stem sections within the container.
Node concentrations in accordance with the present technology range from about 10,000 to about 50,000 nodes per cubic meter. Preferably the node concentrations are from about 10,000 to about 30,000 nodes per cubic meter, from about 10,000 to about 25,000 nodes per cubic meter, from about 12,000 to about 25,000 nodes per cubic meter, from about 12,000 to about 20,000 nodes per cubic meter, from about 15,000 to about 25,000 nodes per cubic meter, and from about 15,000 to about 20,000 nodes per cubic meter. A container in accordance with the present technology may be a rigid or flexible container. The container of the present technology is preferably greater than 1 cubic meter in storage capacity.
The container of the present technology is of a design which allows for airflow into the container in an amount effective to prevent or reduce fermentation of the sugarcane stem sections within the container. Airflow into the container is preferably obtained through perforations in the container wall or walls. The perforations for airflow may be present throughout a wall section or may be present in only a portion of a wall section. The perforations for airflow may be present on only one wall section or present on two or more wall sections. Perforations may also be present on either the top or bottom of the container as well. The perforations of the present technology are designed to allow for proper airflow into the container and around the sugarcane stem sections. The perforations are of a design that is small enough to prevent the sugarcane stem sections from falling through the perforations. The perforations are also of a design that is small enough to prevent the stem sections from being forced through the perforations under normal storage and transportation conditions. Also, the perforations are of a design and quantity large enough to allow for airflow into the container in an amount effective to prevent or reduce fermentation of the sugarcane stem sections within the container.
As discussed above, perforations in accordance with the present technology must be small enough to prevent the loss of the sugarcane stem sections through the perforations. Sugarcane stem sections in accordance with the present technology range from about 2 to about 20 cm in length, suitably from about 2 to about 12 cm, suitably from about 2 to about 8 cm, more suitably from about 3 to about 8 cm, more suitably from about 3.5 to 4.5 cm, and especially about 4 cm in length. The diameter of sugarcane stem sections in accordance with the present technology range from about 1 to about 5 cm, suitably from about 2 to about 4 cm, more suitably from about 2 to about 3 cm. Individual perforations in accordance with the present technology are preferably less than 2 cm in either width or length, or less than 2 cm in both width and length. Square, rectangular, and quadrilateral perforations in accordance with the present technology range from a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 30 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 6 cm; preferably a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 15 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm; preferably a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 7 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm; preferably a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 5 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm; preferably a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm; preferably a length of from about 0.1 cm to about 5 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 1 cm.
Additional preferred square, rectangular, and quadrilateral (average length and width) perforation dimensions in accordance with the present technology are shown below in Table 1:
Width (cm)
0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 5.5 6
0.1 0.1x0.1 0.1x0.25 0.1x0.5 0.1x0.75 0.1x1 0.1x1.5 0.1x2 0.1x2.5 0.1x3 0.1x3.5 0.1x4 0.1x5 0.1x5.5 0.1x6
0.25 0.25x0.1 0.25x0.25 0.25x0.5 0.25x0.75 0.25x1 0.25x1.5 0.25x2 0.25x2.5 0.25x3 0.25x3.5 0.25x4:0.25x5 0.25x5.5 0.25x6
0.5 0.5x0.1 0.5x0.25 0.5x0.5 0.5x0.75 0.5x1 0.5x1.5 0.5x2 0.5x2.5 0.5x3 0.5x3.5 0.5x4 0.5x5 0.5x5.5 0.5x6
0.75 0.75x0.1 0.75x0.25 0.75x0.5 0.75x0.75 0.75x1 0.75x1.5 0.75 x 2 0.75x2.5 0.75x3 0.75x3.5 0.75x4:0.75x5 0.75x5.5 0.75x6
1 1x0.1 1x0.25 1x0.5 1x0.75 lxl lx 1.5 1x2 1x2.5 1x3 1x3.5 1x4 1x5 1x5.5 1x6
1.5 1.5x0.1 1.5x0.25 1.5x0.5 1.5x0.75 1.5x1 1.5x1.5 1.5x2 1.5x2.5 1.5x3 1.5x3.5 1.5x4 1.5x5 1.5x5.5 1.5x6
2 2x0.1 2x0.25 2x0.5 2x0.75 2x1 2x 1.5 2x2 2x2.5 2x3 2x3.5 2x4 2x5 2x5.5 2x6
2.5 2.5x0.1 2.5x0.25 2.5x0.5 2.5x0.75 2.5x1 2.5x1.5 2.5x2 2.5x2.5 2.5x3 2.5x3.5 2.5x4 2.5x5 2.5x5.5 2.5x6
3 3x0.1 3x0.25 3x0.5 3x0.75 3x1 3x 1.5 3x2 3x2.5 3x3 3x3.5 3x4 3x5 3x5.5 3x6
3.5 3.5x0.1 3.5x0.25 3.5x0.5 3.5x0.75 3.5x1 3.5x1.5 3.5x2 3.5x2.5 3.5x3 3.5x3.5 3.5x4 3.5x5 3.5x5.5 3.5x6
4 4x0.1 4x0.25 4x0.5 4x0.75 4x1 4x 1.5 4x2 4x2.5 4x3 4x3.5 4x4 4x5 4x5.5 4x6
4.5 4.5x0.1 4.5x0.25 4.5x0.5 4.5x0.75 4.5x1 4.5x1.5 4.5x2 4.5x2.5 4.5x3 4.5x3.5 4.5x4 4.5x5 4.5x5.5 4.5x6
5 5x0.1 5x0.25 5x0.5 5x0.75 5x1 5x 1.5 5x2 5x2.5 5x3 5x3.5 5x4 5x5 5x5.5 5x6
6 6x0.1 6x0.25 6x0.5 6x0.75 6x1 6x 1.5 6x2 6x2.5 6x3 6x3.5 6x4 6x5 6x5.5 6x6
6 6x0.1 6x0.25 6x0.5 6x0.75 6x1 6x 1.5 6x2 6x2.5 6x3 6x3.5 6x4 6x5 6x5.5 6x6
6.5 6.5x0.1 6.5x0.25 6.5x0.5 6.5x0.75 6.5x1 6.5x1.5 6.5x2 6.5x2.5 6.5x3 6.5x3.5 6.5x4 6.5x5 6.5x5.5 6.5x6
7 7x0.1 7x0.25 7x0.5 7x0.75 7x1 7x 1.5 7x2 7x2.5 7x3 7x3.5 7x4 7x5 7x5.5 7x6
7.5 7.5x0.1 7.5x0.25 7.5x0.5 7.5x0.75 7.5x1 7.5x1.5 7.5x2 7.5x2.5 7.5x3 7.5x3.5 7.5x4 7.5x5 7.5x5.5 7.5x6
8 8x0.1 8x0.25 8x0.5 8x0.75 8x1 8x 1.5 8x2 8x2.5 8x3 8x3.5 8x4 8x5 8x5.5 8x6
8.5 8.5x0.1 8.5x0.25 8.5x0.5 8.5x0.75 8.5x1 8.5x1.5 8.5x2 8.5x2.5 8.5x3 8.5x3.5 8.5x4 8.5x5 8.5x5.5 8.5x6
9 9x0.1 9x0.25 9x0.5 9x0.75 9x1 9x 1.5 9x2 9x2.5 9x3 9x3.5 9x4 9x5 9x5.5 9x6
9.5 9.5x0.1 9.5x0.25 9.5x0.5 9.5x0.75 9.5x1 9.5x1.5 9.5x2 9.5x2.5 9.5x3 9.5x3.5 9.5x4 9.5x5 9.5x5.5 9.5x6
10 10x0.1 10x0.25 10x0.5 10x0.75 10x1 10x1.5 10x2 10x2.5 10x3 10x3.5 10x4 10x5 10x5.5 10x6
11 11x0.1 11x0.25 11x0.5 11x0.75 llxl 11x1.5 11x2 11x2.5 11x3 11x3.5 11x4 11x5 11x5.5 11x6
12 12x0.1 12x0.25 12x0.5 12x0.75 12x1 12x1.5 12x2 12x2.5 12x3 12x3.5 12x4 12x5 12x5.5 12x6
13 13x0.1 13x0.25 13x0.5 13x0.75 13x1 13x1.5 13x2 13x2.5 13x3 13x3.5 13x4 13x5 13x5.5 13x6
14 14x0.1 14x0.25 14x0.5 14x0.75 14x1 14x1.5 14x2 14x2.5 14x3 14x3.5 14x4 14x5 14x5.5 14x6
15 15x0.1 15x0.25 15x0.5 15x0.75 15x1 15x1.5 15x2 15x2.5 15x3 15x3.5 15x4 15x5 15x5.5 15x6
16 16x0.1 16x0.25 16x0.5 16x0.75 16x1 16x1.5 16x2 16x2.5 16x3 16x3.5 16x4 16x5 16x5.5 16x6
17 17x0.1 17x0.25 17x0.5 17x0.75 17x1 17x1.5 17x2 17x2.5 17x3 17x3.5 17x4 17x5 17x5.5 17x6
18 18x0.1 18x0.25 18x0.5 18x0.75 18x1 18x1.5 18x2 18x2.5 18x3 18x3.5 18x4 18x5 18x5.5 18x6
19 19x0.1 19x0.25 19x0.5 19x0.75 19x1 19x1.5 19x2 19x2.5 19x3 19x3.5 19x4 19x5 19x5.5 19x6
20 20x0.1 20x0.25 20x0.5 20x0.75 20x1 20x1.5 20x2 20x2.5 20x3 20x3.5 20x4 20x5 20x5.5 20x6
21 21x0.1 21x0.25 21x0.5 21x0.75 21x1 21x1.5 21x2 21x2.5 21x3 21x3.5 21x4 21x5 21x5.5 21x6
22 22x0.1 22x0.25 22x0.5 22x0.75 22x1 22x1.5 22x2 22x2.5 22x3 22x3.5 22x4 22x5 22x5.5 22x6
23 23x0.1 23x0.25 23x0.5 23x0.75 23x1 23x1.5 23x2 23x2.5 23x3 23x3.5 23x4 23x5 23x5.5 23x6
24 24x0.1 24x0.25 24x0.5 24x0.75 24x1 24x1.5 24x2 24x2.5 24x3 24x3.5 24x4 24x5 24x5.5 24x6
25 25x0.1 25x0.25 25x0.5 25x0.75 25x1 25x1.5 25x2 25x2.5 25x3 25x3.5 25x4 25x5 25x5.5 25x6
26 26x0.1 26x0.25 26x0.5 26x0.75 26x1 26x1.5 26x2 26x2.5 26x3 26x3.5 26x4 26x5 26x5.5 26x6
27 27x0.1 27x0.25 27x0.5 27x0.75 27x1 27x1.5 27x2 27x2.5 27x3 27x3.5 27x4 27x5 27x5.5 27x6
28 28x0.1 28x0.25 28x0.5 28x0.75 28x1 28x1.5 28x2 28x2.5 28x3 28x3.5 28x4 28x5 28x5.5 28x6
29 29x0.1 29x0.25 29x0.5 29x0.75 29x1 29x1.5 29x2 29x2.5 29x3 29x3.5 29x4 29x5 29x5.5 29x6
30 30x0.1 30x0.25 30x0.5 30x0.75 30x1 30x1.5 30x2 30x2.5 30x3 30x3.5 30x4 30x5 30x5.5 30x6
TABLE 1
Additional preferred circular, oval, and substantially circular perforation dimensions and areas in accordance with the present technology are shown below in Table 2: i Average Diameter (cm) \ Average Area (cm2) :
0.1 0.008
0.2 0.03
0.3 0.07
0.4 0.13
0.5 0.20
0.6 0.28
0.7 0.38
0.8 0.50
0.9 0.64
1 0.79
1.1 0.95
1.2 1.13
1.3 1.33
1.4 1.54
1.5 1.77
1.6 2.01
1.7 2.27
1.8 2.54
1.9 2.84
2 3.14
2.1 3.46
2.2 3.80
2.3 4.15
2.4 4.52
2.5 4.91
2.6 5.31
2.7 5.73
2.8 6.16
2.9 6.61
3 7.07
3.1 7.55
3.2 8.04
3.3 8.55
3.4 9.08
3.5 9.62
3.6 10.18
3.7 10.75
3.8 11.34
3.9 11.95
4 12.57
5 19.63
6 28.27
7 38.48
Table 2 In one embodiment of the technology, the container is a perforated flexible plastic bag with an internal volume from about 1-5 yd3 (0.76-3.82 m3), more preferably from 1.5-3 yd3 (1.15-2.29 m3).
Flexible plastic bags in this volume range are known as F.I.B.C.'s (Flex Intermediate Bulk Containers). A preferred material for the containers of the present technology is polypropylene. By way of non-limiting example, a perforated flexible plastic bag in accordance with the technology is shown in FIG. 1.
In another embodiment of the technology, the container is a perforated rigid container with an internal volume from about 1-5 yd3 (0.76-3.82 m3), more preferably from 1.5-3 yd3 (1.15-2.29 m3). Such a rigid container may be constructed from any suitable rigid material such as a metal for example, steel, aluminum, or tin, wood, or a rigid plastic. By way of non-limiting example, a perforated rigid container in accordance with the technology is shown in FIG. 2.
In another embodiment of the technology, the container is a perforated rigid container with an internal volume of from about 5-200 yd3 (3.82-152 m3), preferably from 35-200 yd3 (26.8-152 m3), and preferably from 100-200 yd3 (76.5-152 m3). Such a rigid container may in the form of, for example, a perforated shipping container, a perforated vehicle trailer, or a perforated rail car. By way of non- limiting example, a perforated container in accordance with the technology is shown in FIGS. 3-5.
In another embodiment of the technology, the container is a perforated rigid container with an internal volume of greater than 200 yd3 (152 m3). Such a rigid container may be in the form of, for example, a perforated storage container, perforated cargo hold of a ship, or perforated rail car. By way of non-limiting example, a perforated container in accordance with the technology is shown in FIGS. 5-6.

Claims

1. A method of transporting high node concentrations of sugarcane stem sections comprising: placing sugarcane stem sections having a single node into a container with an node concentration of from about 10000 to about 50000 nodes per cubic meter, wherein said container comprises two or more sides and wherein at least one side contains perforations to allow airflow in an amount to effective to control, reduce, or substantially prevent, fermentation of said sugarcane stem sections; and transporting said container.
2. A method of storing high node concentrations of sugarcane stem sections comprising: placing sugarcane stem sections having a single node into a container with an node concentration of from about 10000 to about 50000 nodes per cubic meter, wherein said container comprises two or more sides and wherein at least one side contains perforations to allow airflow in an amount to effective to control, reduce, or substantially prevent, fermentation of said sugarcane stem sections.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said stem sections have a length from about 2 cm to about 8 cm.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein said stem sections have an average length between 2 cm to 8 cm.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said container has an internal volume greater than 1 cubic meter.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein said container has an internal volume of from 1 cubic meter to 200 cubic meters.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said container has an internal volume of from 1 cubic meter to 5 cubic meters
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said container has an internal volume of from 1 cubic meter to 3 cubic meters.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said container is a flexible container.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said container sides comprise plastic.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said plastic is polypropylene.
12. The method of claim 4, wherein said node concentration is from about 10,000 to about 30,000 nodes per cubic meter.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said node concentration is from about 10,000 to about 25,000 nodes per cubic meter.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein said node concentration is from about 12,000 to about 25,000 nodes per cubic meter.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said node concentration is from about 15,000 to about 25,000 nodes per cubic meter.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said node concentration is from about 15,000 to about 25,000 nodes per cubic meter.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein said node concentration is from about 15,000 to about 20,000 nodes per cubic meter.
18. The method of claim 4, wherein said perforations have length of from about 0.1 cm to about 5 cm and a width of from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm.
19. The method of claim 4, wherein said perforations are substantially circular and have a diameter of from about 0.1 cm to about 8 cm.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein said diameter is from about 0.1 cm to about 5 cm.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein said diameter is from about 0.1 cm to about 3 cm.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein said diameter is from about 0.1 cm to about 1 cm
PCT/EP2010/054375 2010-03-31 2010-03-31 High node concentration storage and transportation of sugarcane Ceased WO2011120580A1 (en)

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CN106489453A (en) * 2016-10-18 2017-03-15 柳州凡科技有限公司 Agricultural high-efficiency rapid accumulation device
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