WO2011120415A1 - Parallel device for battery module and controlling method thereof - Google Patents

Parallel device for battery module and controlling method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011120415A1
WO2011120415A1 PCT/CN2011/072227 CN2011072227W WO2011120415A1 WO 2011120415 A1 WO2011120415 A1 WO 2011120415A1 CN 2011072227 W CN2011072227 W CN 2011072227W WO 2011120415 A1 WO2011120415 A1 WO 2011120415A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
switch
battery packs
switches
current
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/072227
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French (fr)
Inventor
Linwang Deng
Yu Zeng
Yaming Deng
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2013501610A priority Critical patent/JP5634593B2/en
Publication of WO2011120415A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011120415A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to a battery module, more particularly, to a parallel device and a controlling method thereof.
  • the electrodes with identical polarity are usually connected directly through wire or metallic channel to form parallel battery packs so as to supply power to external components.
  • a large current shock will occur in the battery packs. If the value of large current shock is larger than the maximum current which the battery pack may bear, a bad effect on the battery and other components in the branch may be generated, and even the battery and other components may be damaged.
  • the present disclosure is directed to solve at least one of the problems existing in the prior art. Accordingly, a parallel device for a battery module and a controlling method thereof are provided.
  • a parallel device for a battery module including a plurality of battery packs comprises: a plurality of switching units, each comprising a first switch and a load which are connected in series, and each connected with a corresponding one of the battery packs in series to form a branch, in which the branches formed by the plurality of switching units and the plurality of battery packs are connected to each other in parallel; and a controlling module connected to the battery module and configured to collect a voltage of each battery pack, to calculate a voltage difference between voltages of any two of the battery packs, to compare the voltage difference with a first voltage reference to obtain a first voltage comparison, and to control at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison.
  • a controlling method of a parallel device for a battery module including a plurality of battery packs comprises a plurality of switching units and a controlling module, each switching unit comprising a first switch and a load which are connected in series, and each switching unit being connected with a corresponding one of the battery packs in series to form a branch, in which the branches formed by the plurality of switching units and the plurality of battery packs are connected to each other in parallel.
  • the controlling method comprises steps of: collecting a voltage of each battery pack and calculating a voltage difference between the voltages of any two of the battery packs; comparing the voltage difference with a first voltage reference to obtain a first voltage comparison; and controlling at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison.
  • the voltages between the battery packs are collected and the first switch is controlled to switch off or switch on according to the voltage comparison, and the voltage difference between the voltages of any two of the battery packs may be decreased or even eliminated, so that the interior current when the battery packs are connected in parallel may be within a permissive current range of the battery packs or may be zero. Therefore, a large current shock to the battery packs may be effectively avoided, thus prolonging the life of the battery packs and improving the reliability of the battery packs.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a parallel device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a parallel device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a controlling method of a parallel device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a controlling method of a parallel device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the parallel device for a battery module in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the battery module may comprise a plurality of battery packs: the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the n th battery pack.
  • the parallel device comprises a plurality of switching units, each comprising a first switch and a load which are connected in series, and each connected with a corresponding one of the battery packs in series to form a branch.
  • the branches formed by the plurality of switching units and the plurality of battery packs are connected to each other in parallel.
  • the x th switching unit may comprise a x th first switch and a x th load connected in series with an x th first switch, and be connected in series with the x th battery pack to form the x th branch, in which 1 ⁇ x ⁇ n.
  • the first branch, the second branch, ... , and the n th branch may be connected in parallel to each other.
  • the first switching unit may comprise a first switch ki and a first load Ri connected in series with the first switch ki, and be connected in series with the first battery pack to form the first branch.
  • the parallel device also comprises a controlling module 1.
  • the controlling module 1 may be configured to collect a voltage of the battery pack of each battery unit, and to calculate a voltage difference U between the collected voltages of any two of the battery packs.
  • the controlling module 1 may be further configured to collect a current of each battery pack.
  • the controlling module 1 may be configured to compare the voltage difference U between the voltages of any two of the battery packs with a first voltage reference Ul to obtain a first voltage comparison, and to control at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison.
  • the controlling module 1 is configured to control the at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs to switch off. If all the voltage differences U are less than the first voltage reference Ul, the controlling module 1 may be configured to control the first switches ki, k 2 , ... , k n to switch on.
  • the voltage difference Ul between the voltages of any two of the battery packs are collected before the battery packs are connected in parallel, and the first switches ki, k 2 , k n are switched on to balance the voltage only when the voltage difference U between the voltages of any two of the battery packs is safe for the battery packs. Therefore, the current shock due to the direct parallel connection of the battery packs may be avoided, thus avoiding damages to the battery packs.
  • the parallel device may further comprise a plurality of second switches k rl , k r2 , ... , k m .
  • the x th second switch k rx may be connected in parallel to the x th switching unit, in which 1 ⁇ x ⁇ n.
  • the control module controls the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the controlling module controls the at least one of the second switches to switch off if the voltage difference U is greater than the first voltage reference Ul .
  • the load Ri, R 2 , R n may be identical with each other.
  • the voltage difference value may be the absolute value of the voltage difference between any two of the battery packs.
  • the maximum current which the battery pack may bear is I 0
  • the resistance value of the loads Ri, R 2 , ..., R n is R.
  • Ul ⁇ Io*2R Ul ⁇ Io*2R.
  • the resistance values of the loads may be different and may be larger than 1 ohm.
  • the first switches ki, k 3 ⁇ 4 k n may be controlled to switch on.
  • the first switches and the second switches corresponding to the first and second battery packs may be controlled to switch off, then the battery pack at the highest voltage may be controlled to discharge or the battery pack at the lowest voltage may be controlled to charge until the voltage difference U between the first battery pack and the second battery pack is in the range of [0, Ul).
  • the first switches ki, k 3 ⁇ 4 k n may be controlled to switch on in sequence.
  • the time interval for switching on the first switches ki, k 2 , ..., k n is t, that is, when one of the first switches is switched on, another first switch may be switched on after a lapse of the time interval of t, and still another first switch may be switched on after a lapse of the time interval of t, until all the first switches are switched on.
  • the time interval t may be about 0.3-0.4 S, particularly, about 0.35 S.
  • the controlling module 1 may be further configured to collect a current of any one of the battery packs, to compare the collected current with a current reference I to obtain a current comparison, and to control the first and second switches corresponding to the any one of the battery packs based on the current comparison I, if the voltage difference U is smaller than the first voltage reference Ul .
  • the controlling module controls the first switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch on and the second switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch off if the current is greater than the current reference I.
  • the controlling module controls the first switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch off and the second switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch on if the current is smaller than the current reference I.
  • the switching unit in the parallel device may be configured to balance the voltage difference of the voltages between any two of the battery packs so as to decrease or eliminate the voltage difference.
  • the parallel device when the parallel device is put into use, if the switching units are still kept in the parallel device, the load in the switching units may waste unnecessary power. Therefore, after the voltage difference U between the voltages of every two battery packs is balanced to some extent or eliminated, all the second switches may be controlled to switch on. Meanwhile, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, after switching on the second switch, the first switch corresponding to the second switch may be switched off.
  • the second switches k r i, k r2 , k m may be controlled to switch on.
  • the first switch may be switched off after a time interval. That is, after switching on the second switch k rx , the first switch kx corresponding to the second switch k rx is switched off after the time interval.
  • the first switches ki, k 2 , ... , k n may be controlled to switch off after a second time interval.
  • the value range of the current reference I may be about [0 A, 0.5 A].
  • the first switch is switched off after a time interval, thus ensuring that the current of the battery packs may not exceed the maximum current I 0 which the battery packs may bear.
  • the value of I may be about 0 A.
  • control module is configured to compare the voltage difference U with a second voltage reference U2 smaller than the first voltage reference Ul to obtain a second voltage comparison, and to control the at least one of the first switches and the at least one of the second switches based on the second voltage comparison, if the voltage difference U is smaller than the first voltage reference Ul .
  • the controlling module controls the at least one of the first switches to switch off and the at least one of the second switches to switch on if the voltage difference U is smaller than the second voltage reference U2; and the controlling module controls the at least one of the first switches to switch on and the at least one of the second switches to switch off if the voltage difference is greater than the second voltage reference U2.
  • the second switches k r i, k r2 , k m may be controlled to switch on.
  • the first switch is switched off after a time interval, that is, after switching on the second switch k rx , the first switch k x corresponding to the second switch k rx is switched off after a time interval, or after switching on all the second switches k r i, k r2 , k m , the first switches ki, k 3 ⁇ 4 k n are controlled to switch off after a time interval.
  • the value range of U2 may be about [0V, 0.5 V].
  • the first switch may be switched off after a time interval, thus ensuring that the current of the battery packs may not exceed the maximum current I 0 which the battery packs may bear.
  • the value of U2 is about OV.
  • the controlling module may comprise a host computer 10 and a plurality of battery management units 11, 12... and In connected to the host computer 10.
  • Each battery management unit is connected with one battery pack in one of the branches.
  • the battery management unit 11 may be connected to the first battery pack; the battery management unit 12 may be connected to the second battery pack; ... ; and the battery management unit In may be connected to the n th battery pack.
  • the plurality of battery management units are configured to collect the voltages and send the voltages to the host computer 10; the host computer 10 is configured to calculate the voltage difference of the any two of the battery packs according to the voltages, to compare the voltage difference with the first voltage reference Ul to obtain the first voltage comparison, and to generate a first voltage signal based on the first voltage comparison; and the plurality of battery management units control the at least one of the first switches and the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the two battery packs based on the first voltage signal.
  • the host computer 10 is further configured to compare the voltage difference with the second voltage reference U2 to obtain the second voltage comparison, and to generate a second voltage signal based on the second voltage comparison; and the plurality of battery management units control the at least one of the first switches and the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the two battery packs based on the second voltage signal.
  • each battery management unit is configured to collect a current of any one of the battery packs corresponding thereto and send the current to the host computer 10; the host computer 10 is configured to compare the current of any one of the battery packs with a current reference to obtain a current comparison, and generate a current control signal based on the current comparison; and the battery management unit is configured to control the first and second switches corresponding thereto.
  • a controlling method of the parallel device for a battery module mentioned above comprises steps of:
  • SI 1 collecting a voltage of each battery pack and calculating a voltage difference U between the voltages of any two of the battery packs;
  • SI 3 if the voltage difference U between the voltages of the any two of the battery packs is no less than the first voltage reference Ul, switching off at least one of the first and second switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs; 514, if the voltage difference U between the voltages of the any two of the battery packs is less than the first voltage reference Ul, further comparing the voltage difference U with the second voltage reference U2;
  • all the second switches may be controlled to switch on in sequence, and after a time interval, the first switches may be controlled to switch off.
  • one of the second switches is switched on and one of the first switches corresponding to the one of the second switches is switched off after a time interval, another second switch is switched on and another first switch corresponding to the another second switch is switched off after the time interval, still another second switch is switched on and still another first switch corresponding to the still another second switch is switched off after the time interval, and the like, until all the second switches are switched on and all the first switches are switched off.
  • a controlling method of the parallel device mentioned above comprises steps of:
  • Step S24 if the collected current is no less than the current reference I
  • all the second switches are controlled to switch on in sequence, and after a time interval, the first switches are controlled to switch off.
  • one of the second switches is switched on and one of the first switches corresponding to the one of the second switches is switched off after a time interval, another second switch is switched on and another first switch corresponding to the another the second switch is switched off after the time interval, still another second switch is switched on and still another first switch corresponding to the still another second switch is switched off after the time interval, and the like, until all the second switches are switched on and all the first switches are switched off.
  • the first switch corresponding to the one battery pack is controlled to switch on and the second switch corresponding to the one battery pack is controlled to switch off.
  • the value difference U between the voltages of any two of the battery packs, or the current of the battery packs may be compared with the voltage reference or the current reference to obtain the voltage comparison or the current comparison respectively, and the voltage comparison and the current comparison serve as an important reference for estimating the balancing degree of the battery packs.
  • the second switch may be switched on and the first switch may be switched off without generating current shock.
  • the values of the voltage reference U2 and the current reference I are 0.
  • the first embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that when the voltage difference between the voltages of any two of the battery packs is less than the second voltage reference U2 at the beginning, the second switch is switched on and the first switch is switched off directly, thus omitting the step of balancing the voltage of the battery packs.
  • the voltages between the battery packs are collected and balanced before the battery packs are connected in parallel, and the voltage difference between the voltages of any two of the battery packs is decreased or even eliminated, so that the interior current when the battery packs are connected in parallel may be within a permissive current range of the battery packs or may be zero. Therefore, a large current shock to the battery packs may be effectively avoided, thus prolonging the life of the battery packs and improving the reliability of the battery packs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A parallel device for a battery module and a controlling method thereof. The battery module includes a plurality of battery packs. The parallel device for the battery module includes: a plurality of switching units each comprising a first switch and a load connected in series and each connected with a corresponding one of battery packs in series to form a branch, wherein the branches formed of the plurality of switching units and the plurality of battery packs are connected to each other in parallel; and a controlling module (1) connected to the battery module and collecting a voltage of each battery pack, in order to calculate a voltage difference between voltages of any two of the battery packs, to compare the voltage difference with a first voltage reference to obtain a first voltage comparison, and to control at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison. The parallel device for the battery module and the controlling method thereof can effectively avoid a big current impact when the battery packs are connected to each other in parallel, thereby prolonging the lives of the battery packs.

Description

PARALLEL DEVICE FOR BATTERY MODULE AND CONTROLLING
METHOD THEREOF
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority to, and benefits of Chinese Patent Application No. 201010139260.9 filed with the State Intellectual Property Office, P. R. C. on March 29, 2010, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD
The present disclosure generally relates to a battery module, more particularly, to a parallel device and a controlling method thereof.
BACKGROUND
In the prior art, when the battery pack in a battery module are connected together in parallel, the electrodes with identical polarity are usually connected directly through wire or metallic channel to form parallel battery packs so as to supply power to external components. However, because of small resistance of the battery pack, when there is a large voltage difference between two battery packs, a large current shock will occur in the battery packs. If the value of large current shock is larger than the maximum current which the battery pack may bear, a bad effect on the battery and other components in the branch may be generated, and even the battery and other components may be damaged.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure is directed to solve at least one of the problems existing in the prior art. Accordingly, a parallel device for a battery module and a controlling method thereof are provided.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a parallel device for a battery module including a plurality of battery packs is provided. The parallel device comprises: a plurality of switching units, each comprising a first switch and a load which are connected in series, and each connected with a corresponding one of the battery packs in series to form a branch, in which the branches formed by the plurality of switching units and the plurality of battery packs are connected to each other in parallel; and a controlling module connected to the battery module and configured to collect a voltage of each battery pack, to calculate a voltage difference between voltages of any two of the battery packs, to compare the voltage difference with a first voltage reference to obtain a first voltage comparison, and to control at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a controlling method of a parallel device for a battery module including a plurality of battery packs is provided. The parallel device comprises a plurality of switching units and a controlling module, each switching unit comprising a first switch and a load which are connected in series, and each switching unit being connected with a corresponding one of the battery packs in series to form a branch, in which the branches formed by the plurality of switching units and the plurality of battery packs are connected to each other in parallel. The controlling method comprises steps of: collecting a voltage of each battery pack and calculating a voltage difference between the voltages of any two of the battery packs; comparing the voltage difference with a first voltage reference to obtain a first voltage comparison; and controlling at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltages between the battery packs are collected and the first switch is controlled to switch off or switch on according to the voltage comparison, and the voltage difference between the voltages of any two of the battery packs may be decreased or even eliminated, so that the interior current when the battery packs are connected in parallel may be within a permissive current range of the battery packs or may be zero. Therefore, a large current shock to the battery packs may be effectively avoided, thus prolonging the life of the battery packs and improving the reliability of the battery packs.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other aspects and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a parallel device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a parallel device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a controlling method of a parallel device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a controlling method of a parallel device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Reference will be made in detail to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments described herein with reference to the accompany drawings are explanatory and illustrative, which are used to generally understand the present disclosure. The embodiments shall not be construed to limit the present disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the parallel device for a battery module in one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to Fig. 1, the battery module may comprise a plurality of battery packs: the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the nth battery pack. The parallel device comprises a plurality of switching units, each comprising a first switch and a load which are connected in series, and each connected with a corresponding one of the battery packs in series to form a branch. The branches formed by the plurality of switching units and the plurality of battery packs are connected to each other in parallel.
Particularly, the xth switching unit may comprise a xth first switch and a xth load connected in series with an xth first switch, and be connected in series with the xth battery pack to form the xth branch, in which 1 < x < n. The first branch, the second branch, ... , and the nth branch may be connected in parallel to each other. For example, the first switching unit may comprise a first switch ki and a first load Ri connected in series with the first switch ki, and be connected in series with the first battery pack to form the first branch.
The parallel device also comprises a controlling module 1. The controlling module 1 may be configured to collect a voltage of the battery pack of each battery unit, and to calculate a voltage difference U between the collected voltages of any two of the battery packs. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the controlling module 1 may be further configured to collect a current of each battery pack. The controlling module 1 may be configured to compare the voltage difference U between the voltages of any two of the battery packs with a first voltage reference Ul to obtain a first voltage comparison, and to control at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison.
For example, if the voltage difference U between the voltages of the any two of the battery packs is greater than the first voltage reference Ul, the controlling module 1 is configured to control the at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs to switch off. If all the voltage differences U are less than the first voltage reference Ul, the controlling module 1 may be configured to control the first switches ki, k2, ... , knto switch on. The voltage difference Ul between the voltages of any two of the battery packs are collected before the battery packs are connected in parallel, and the first switches ki, k2, kn are switched on to balance the voltage only when the voltage difference U between the voltages of any two of the battery packs is safe for the battery packs. Therefore, the current shock due to the direct parallel connection of the battery packs may be avoided, thus avoiding damages to the battery packs.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the parallel device may further comprise a plurality of second switches krl, kr2, ... , km. The xth second switch krx may be connected in parallel to the xth switching unit, in which 1 < x < n. The control module controls the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the controlling module controls the at least one of the second switches to switch off if the voltage difference U is greater than the first voltage reference Ul .
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the load Ri, R2, Rn may be identical with each other. The voltage difference value may be the absolute value of the voltage difference between any two of the battery packs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the maximum current which the battery pack may bear is I0, and the resistance value of the loads Ri, R2, ..., Rn is R. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, Ul<Io*2R.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the resistance values of the loads may be different and may be larger than 1 ohm. When all the voltage differences U are less than Ul and no less than zero, the first switches ki, k¾ kn may be controlled to switch on. For example, when the voltage difference U between the first battery pack and the second battery pack is no less than the first voltage reference Ul, the first switches and the second switches corresponding to the first and second battery packs may be controlled to switch off, then the battery pack at the highest voltage may be controlled to discharge or the battery pack at the lowest voltage may be controlled to charge until the voltage difference U between the first battery pack and the second battery pack is in the range of [0, Ul). In this way, the current in the battery packs may not exceed the maximum current I0 which the battery packs may bear, that is, the current shock may not occur. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first switches ki, k¾ kn may be controlled to switch on in sequence. The time interval for switching on the first switches ki, k2, ..., kn is t, that is, when one of the first switches is switched on, another first switch may be switched on after a lapse of the time interval of t, and still another first switch may be switched on after a lapse of the time interval of t, until all the first switches are switched on. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the time interval t may be about 0.3-0.4 S, particularly, about 0.35 S.
The controlling module 1 may be further configured to collect a current of any one of the battery packs, to compare the collected current with a current reference I to obtain a current comparison, and to control the first and second switches corresponding to the any one of the battery packs based on the current comparison I, if the voltage difference U is smaller than the first voltage reference Ul . The controlling module controls the first switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch on and the second switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch off if the current is greater than the current reference I. And the controlling module controls the first switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch off and the second switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch on if the current is smaller than the current reference I.
The switching unit in the parallel device may be configured to balance the voltage difference of the voltages between any two of the battery packs so as to decrease or eliminate the voltage difference. However, when the parallel device is put into use, if the switching units are still kept in the parallel device, the load in the switching units may waste unnecessary power. Therefore, after the voltage difference U between the voltages of every two battery packs is balanced to some extent or eliminated, all the second switches may be controlled to switch on. Meanwhile, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, after switching on the second switch, the first switch corresponding to the second switch may be switched off.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when all the first switches are switched on and all the currents are less than the current reference I and no less than zero, the second switches kri, kr2, km may be controlled to switch on. After switching on the second switch, the first switch may be switched off after a time interval. That is, after switching on the second switch krx, the first switch kx corresponding to the second switch krx is switched off after the time interval. Alternatively, after switching on all the second switches krl, kr2, ..., km, the first switches ki, k2, ... , kn may be controlled to switch off after a second time interval. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the value range of the current reference I may be about [0 A, 0.5 A]. When the current of each battery pack is in a range of about 0 A to about 0.5 A, after switching on the second switch, the first switch is switched off after a time interval, thus ensuring that the current of the battery packs may not exceed the maximum current I0 which the battery packs may bear. Particularly, the value of I may be about 0 A.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the control module is configured to compare the voltage difference U with a second voltage reference U2 smaller than the first voltage reference Ul to obtain a second voltage comparison, and to control the at least one of the first switches and the at least one of the second switches based on the second voltage comparison, if the voltage difference U is smaller than the first voltage reference Ul . The controlling module controls the at least one of the first switches to switch off and the at least one of the second switches to switch on if the voltage difference U is smaller than the second voltage reference U2; and the controlling module controls the at least one of the first switches to switch on and the at least one of the second switches to switch off if the voltage difference is greater than the second voltage reference U2.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, when all the first switches are switched on and all the voltage differences U are less than the voltage reference U2 and no less than zero, the second switches kri, kr2, km may be controlled to switch on. After switching on the second switch, the first switch is switched off after a time interval, that is, after switching on the second switch krx, the first switch kx corresponding to the second switch krx is switched off after a time interval, or after switching on all the second switches kri, kr2, km, the first switches ki, k¾ kn are controlled to switch off after a time interval. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the value range of U2 may be about [0V, 0.5 V]. When the voltage difference between the voltages of any two of the battery packs is no less than 0 and not greater than U2, after switching on the second switch, the first switch may be switched off after a time interval, thus ensuring that the current of the battery packs may not exceed the maximum current I0 which the battery packs may bear. Particularly, the value of U2 is about OV.
Referring to Fig. 2, in another embodiment of the present disclosure, the controlling module may comprise a host computer 10 and a plurality of battery management units 11, 12... and In connected to the host computer 10. Each battery management unit is connected with one battery pack in one of the branches. As shown in Fig. 2, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the battery management unit 11 may be connected to the first battery pack; the battery management unit 12 may be connected to the second battery pack; ... ; and the battery management unit In may be connected to the nth battery pack.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of battery management units are configured to collect the voltages and send the voltages to the host computer 10; the host computer 10 is configured to calculate the voltage difference of the any two of the battery packs according to the voltages, to compare the voltage difference with the first voltage reference Ul to obtain the first voltage comparison, and to generate a first voltage signal based on the first voltage comparison; and the plurality of battery management units control the at least one of the first switches and the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the two battery packs based on the first voltage signal. In a further embodiment, the host computer 10 is further configured to compare the voltage difference with the second voltage reference U2 to obtain the second voltage comparison, and to generate a second voltage signal based on the second voltage comparison; and the plurality of battery management units control the at least one of the first switches and the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the two battery packs based on the second voltage signal.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, each battery management unit is configured to collect a current of any one of the battery packs corresponding thereto and send the current to the host computer 10; the host computer 10 is configured to compare the current of any one of the battery packs with a current reference to obtain a current comparison, and generate a current control signal based on the current comparison; and the battery management unit is configured to control the first and second switches corresponding thereto.
In a first embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Fig. 3, a controlling method of the parallel device for a battery module mentioned above is provided. The controlling method comprises steps of:
SI 1, collecting a voltage of each battery pack and calculating a voltage difference U between the voltages of any two of the battery packs;
SI 2, comparing the voltage difference U with the first voltage reference Ul;
SI 3, if the voltage difference U between the voltages of the any two of the battery packs is no less than the first voltage reference Ul, switching off at least one of the first and second switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs; 514, if the voltage difference U between the voltages of the any two of the battery packs is less than the first voltage reference Ul, further comparing the voltage difference U with the second voltage reference U2;
515, if the voltage difference U between the voltages of the any two of the battery packs is less than the second voltage reference U2, switching off the at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs and switching on the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs; and
516, if the voltage difference U between the voltages of the any two of the battery packs is greater than the second voltage reference U2, switching on the at least one of the first switches and switching off the at least one of the second switches.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, all the second switches may be controlled to switch on in sequence, and after a time interval, the first switches may be controlled to switch off. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, one of the second switches is switched on and one of the first switches corresponding to the one of the second switches is switched off after a time interval, another second switch is switched on and another first switch corresponding to the another second switch is switched off after the time interval, still another second switch is switched on and still another first switch corresponding to the still another second switch is switched off after the time interval, and the like, until all the second switches are switched on and all the first switches are switched off.
In a second embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Fig. 4, a controlling method of the parallel device mentioned above is provided. The controlling method comprises steps of:
521, collecting a voltage of each battery pack and calculating a voltage difference U between the voltages of any two of the battery packs;
522, comparing the voltage difference U with the first voltage reference Ul ;
S23, if the voltage difference U between the voltages of the any two of the battery packs is no less than the first voltage reference Ul, switching off at least one of the first and second switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs;
S24, if the voltage difference U between the voltages of the any two of the battery packs is less than the first voltage reference Ul, switching on the at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs and switching off the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs; 525, collecting a current of any one of the battery packs;
526, comparing the current of the any one of the battery packs with a current reference I, and returning to Step S24, if the collected current is no less than the current reference I; and
527, switching on the second switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs and switching off the first switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs, if the collected current is less than the current reference I.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, all the second switches are controlled to switch on in sequence, and after a time interval, the first switches are controlled to switch off. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, one of the second switches is switched on and one of the first switches corresponding to the one of the second switches is switched off after a time interval, another second switch is switched on and another first switch corresponding to the another the second switch is switched off after the time interval, still another second switch is switched on and still another first switch corresponding to the still another second switch is switched off after the time interval, and the like, until all the second switches are switched on and all the first switches are switched off.
When the current of one battery pack is greater than or equal to the current reference I, the first switch corresponding to the one battery pack is controlled to switch on and the second switch corresponding to the one battery pack is controlled to switch off.
In the above embodiments, when switching on the first switch, switching off the second switch and balancing the voltage of the battery packs, the value difference U between the voltages of any two of the battery packs, or the current of the battery packs may be compared with the voltage reference or the current reference to obtain the voltage comparison or the current comparison respectively, and the voltage comparison and the current comparison serve as an important reference for estimating the balancing degree of the battery packs. When all the voltage differences U between the voltages of any two of the battery packs are less than the second voltage reference U2 or the current of each battery pack is less than the current reference I, the second switch may be switched on and the first switch may be switched off without generating current shock. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the values of the voltage reference U2 and the current reference I are 0. The first embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that when the voltage difference between the voltages of any two of the battery packs is less than the second voltage reference U2 at the beginning, the second switch is switched on and the first switch is switched off directly, thus omitting the step of balancing the voltage of the battery packs.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltages between the battery packs are collected and balanced before the battery packs are connected in parallel, and the voltage difference between the voltages of any two of the battery packs is decreased or even eliminated, so that the interior current when the battery packs are connected in parallel may be within a permissive current range of the battery packs or may be zero. Therefore, a large current shock to the battery packs may be effectively avoided, thus prolonging the life of the battery packs and improving the reliability of the battery packs.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept. It is understood, therefore, that this disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A parallel device for a battery module including a plurality of battery packs, comprising: a plurality of switching units, each comprising a first switch and a load which are connected in series, and each connected with a corresponding one of the battery packs in series to form a branch, in which the branches formed by the plurality of switching units and the plurality of battery packs are connected to each other in parallel; and
a controlling module connected to the battery module and configured to collect a voltage of each battery pack, to calculate a voltage difference between voltages of any two of the battery packs, to compare the voltage difference with a first voltage reference to obtain a first voltage comparison, and to control at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison.
2. The parallel device of claim 1, wherein the controlling module controls the at least one of the first switches to switch off if the voltage difference is greater than the first voltage reference.
3. The parallel device of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of second switches, each connected with a corresponding one of the plurality of switching units in parallel, and
wherein the control module controls the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison.
4. The parallel device of claim 3, wherein the controlling module controls the at least one of the second switches to switch off if the voltage difference is greater than the first voltage reference.
5. The parallel device of claim 4, wherein the control module is configured to compare the voltage difference with a second voltage reference smaller than the first voltage reference to obtain a second voltage comparison, and to control the at least one of the first switches and the at least one of the second switches based on the second voltage comparison, if the voltage difference is smaller than the first voltage reference.
6. The parallel device of claim 5, wherein the controlling module controls the at least one of the first switches to switch off and the at least one of the second switches to switch on if the voltage difference is smaller than the second voltage reference; and
wherein the controlling module controls the at least one of the first switches to switch on and the at least one of the second switches to switch off if the voltage difference is greater than the second voltage reference.
7. The parallel device of claim 5, wherein the controlling module is configured to collect a current of any one of the battery packs, to compare the current with a current reference to obtain a current comparison, and to control the first and second switches corresponding to the any one of the battery packs based on the current comparison, if the voltage difference is smaller than the first voltage reference.
8. The parallel device of claim 7, wherein the controlling module controls the first switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch on and the second switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch off if the current is greater than the current reference; and
wherein the controlling module controls the first switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch off and the second switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs to switch on if the current is smaller than the current reference.
9. The parallel device of claim 3, wherein the controlling module further comprises:
a host computer; and
a plurality of battery management units connected to the host computer and each connected with one of the branches.
10. The parallel device of claim 9, wherein the plurality of battery management units are configured to collect the voltages and send the voltages to the host computer;
wherein the host computer is configured to calculate the voltage difference of the any two of the battery packs according to the voltages, to compare the voltage difference with the first voltage reference to obtain the first voltage comparison, and to generate a first voltage signal based on the first voltage comparison; and
wherein the plurality of battery management units control the at least one of the first switches and the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the two battery packs based on the first voltage signal.
11. The parallel device of claim 10, wherein the host computer is further configured to compare the voltage difference with the second voltage reference to obtain the second voltage comparison, and to generate a second voltage signal based on the second voltage comparison; and wherein the plurality of battery management units control the at least one of the first switches and the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the two battery packs based on the second voltage signal.
12. The parallel device of claim 10, wherein each battery management unit is configured to collect a current of any one of the battery packs corresponding thereto and send the current to the host computer;
wherein the host computer is configured to compare the current of any one of the battery packs with a current reference to obtain a current comparison, and generate a current control signal based on the current comparison; and
wherein the battery management unit is configured to control the first and second switches corresponding thereto.
13. A controlling method of a parallel device for a battery module including a plurality of battery packs, comprising a plurality of switching units and a controlling module, each switching unit comprising a first switch and a load which are connected in series, and each switching unit being connected with a corresponding one of the battery packs in series to form a branch, in which the branches formed by the plurality of switching units and the plurality of battery packs are connected to each other in parallel, the controlling method comprising steps of:
collecting a voltage of each battery pack and calculating a voltage difference between the voltages of any two of the battery packs;
comparing the voltage difference with a first voltage reference to obtain a first voltage comparison; and
controlling at least one of the first switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison.
14. The controlling method of claim 13, wherein the at least one of the first switches is controlled to switch off if the voltage difference is greater than the first voltage reference.
15. The controlling method of claim 14, wherein the parallel device further comprises a plurality of second switches each connected with a corresponding one of the plurality of switching units in parallel, and
the method further comprises controlling the at least one of the second switches corresponding to the any two of the battery packs based on the first voltage comparison.
16. The controlling method of claim 15, wherein the at least one of the second switches is controlled to switch off if the voltage difference is greater than the first voltage reference.
17. The controlling method of claim 16, further comprising: if the voltage difference is smaller than the first voltage reference, comparing the voltage difference with a second voltage reference smaller than the first voltage reference to obtain a second voltage comparison; and controlling the at least one of the first switches and the at least one of the second switches based on the second voltage comparison.
18. The controlling method of claim 17, wherein the at least one of the first switches is controlled to switch off and the at least one of the second switches is controlled to switch on if the voltage difference is smaller than the second voltage reference; and
wherein the at least one of the first switches is controlled to switch on and the at least one of the second switches is controlled to switch off if the voltage difference is greater than the second voltage reference.
19. The controlling method of claim 16, further comprising: if the voltage difference is smaller than the first voltage reference, collecting a current of any one of the battery packs, comparing the current with a current reference to obtain a current comparison, and controlling the first and second switches corresponding to the any one of the battery packs based on the current comparison.
20. The controlling method of claim 19, wherein the first switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs is controlled to switch on and the second switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs is controlled to switch off if the current is greater than the current reference; and
wherein the first switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs is controlled to switch off and the second switch corresponding to the any one of the battery packs is controlled to switch on if the current is smaller than the current reference.
PCT/CN2011/072227 2010-03-29 2011-03-28 Parallel device for battery module and controlling method thereof Ceased WO2011120415A1 (en)

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