WO2011118936A2 - Display apparatus set for three-dimensional image - Google Patents

Display apparatus set for three-dimensional image Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011118936A2
WO2011118936A2 PCT/KR2011/001858 KR2011001858W WO2011118936A2 WO 2011118936 A2 WO2011118936 A2 WO 2011118936A2 KR 2011001858 W KR2011001858 W KR 2011001858W WO 2011118936 A2 WO2011118936 A2 WO 2011118936A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
film
compensation film
polymer base
base film
display apparatus
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2011/001858
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2011118936A3 (en
Inventor
Bong Jin Choi
Yong Hwan Kim
Oh Hyoung Cho
Byoung In Kim
Soon Bum Kwon
Original Assignee
Dongwoo Fine-Chem Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020100025931A external-priority patent/KR101294221B1/en
Priority claimed from KR1020100026214A external-priority patent/KR101330099B1/en
Application filed by Dongwoo Fine-Chem Co., Ltd. filed Critical Dongwoo Fine-Chem Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2011118936A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011118936A2/en
Publication of WO2011118936A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011118936A3/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
    • G02B30/25—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using polarisation techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/337—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using polarisation multiplexing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133631—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with a spatial distribution of the retardation value

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a display apparatus set for implementing three-dimensional image which has advantages for providing thin and light display and is capable of implementing clear three-dimensional image in which the ghost effects are eliminated.
  • three-dimensional images are implemented based on binocular parallax, which is a basic principle to explain why the viewer feels three-dimensional depth at close distance.
  • two different images which are separately captured using at least two cameras for the left and right eye, and the captured images are displayed separately to the left and right eye.
  • the images are then combined in the brain to give the perception of three-dimensional depth.
  • Three-dimensional image technology may or may not use polarized glasses.
  • the technologies using glasses include (1) anaglyph method which uses glasses where the two lenses are different colors, (2) polarization method which uses glasses where the two lenses have different polarized directions, and (3) time-sharing method which uses shutter glasses in synchronization with the refresh rate of the screen.
  • the pattern retarder can include a glass substrate, an alignment film coated on the glass substrate, and a liquid crystal layer coated on the alignment film.
  • the liquid crystal layer is a polymer film which is formed by illuminating light (i.e. ultraviolet light, etc.) to light reactive liquid crystals which are aligned by the alignment film.
  • illuminating light i.e. ultraviolet light, etc.
  • it is unable to apply roll-to-roll process to manufacture the pattern retarder when the glass substrate is used.
  • the present invention is to provide a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image which is capable of implementing clear three-dimensional image with the ghost effects due to the cross talk eliminated.
  • the present invention is also to provide thin and light display apparatus set for three-dimensional image.
  • a display apparatus set for implementing three-dimensional image comprising: an image display having retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film, wherein the retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film is placed on where light that has passed through a polarizer of an upper polarizing plate passes through; and a pair of polarization eyeglasses to receive an image from the image display and to provide three-dimensional image for a viewer; wherein either the image display or the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises a first compensation film that is placed on where light that has passed through the retarder patterns formed on the polymer base film passes through, and wherein a difference between an in-plane retardation of the polymer base film and an in-plane retardation of the first compensation film is not more than 50nm.
  • each of the in-plane retardations of the first compensation film and the polymer base film is not less than 5nm.
  • the display apparatus set of 1, wherein the first compensation film and the polymer base film are independently made of one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyester, cellulose, polycarbonates, acryl, styrene, vinyl chloride, amide, sulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol, vinylidene chloride, vinylbutyral, allylate, polyoxymethylene and epoxy.
  • the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises: the first compensation film; a second compensation film laminated on the first compensation film and configured to convert polarization of light which has passed through the first compensation film into linear polarization; and a polarizer laminated on the second compensation film.
  • the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises: a second compensation configured to convert polarization of light which has emitted from the image display into linear polarization; the first compensation film laminated on the second compensation film; and a polarizer laminated on the first compensation film.
  • the display apparatus set of 9, the first compensation film is to convert polarization of light which has passed through the second compensation film but has not been fully polarized linearly into linear polarization.
  • the present invention includes a pattern retarder formed on a polymer base film.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 8 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 8 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 10 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 10 of the present invention.
  • 60, 61 transmission axis of a polarizer of a pair of polarization eyeglasses
  • the present invention relates to a display apparatus set which have advantages to provide thin and light display and is capable of implementing clear three-dimensional image in which the ghost effects are eliminated, including: an image display having retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film, wherein the retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film is placed on where light that has passed through a polarizer of an upper polarizing plate passes through; and a pair of polarization eyeglasses to receive an image from the image display and to provide three-dimensional image for a viewer; wherein either the image display or the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises a first compensation film that is placed on where light that has passed through the retarder patterns formed on the polymer base film passes through, and wherein a difference between an in-plane retardation of the polymer base film and an in-plane retardation of the first compensation film is not more than 50nm.
  • a display apparatus set for implementing three-dimensional images includes an image display and a pair of polarization eyeglasses.
  • the image display can include a light source (a backlight), a lower polarizing plate, a liquid crystal panel, and an upper polarizing plate where, for example, the image display is a liquid crystal display (LCD).
  • the image display includes a pattern retarder, i.e., retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film. The pattern retarder is placed on where light that has passed through the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate can pass through.
  • the pattern retarder is positioned across the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate from the light source, and it is not required for the pattern retarder to be laminated on the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate. There can be functional layers or films between the pattern retarder and the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate if they are necessary.
  • the pattern retarder can be laminated on one side of the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate.
  • Polymer base film side of the pattern retarder can be bonded to one side of the polarizer (i.e., the polarizer, the polymer base film, and the retarder patterns are laminated in this order), or retarder patterns side of the pattern retarder can be bonded to the one side of the polarizer (the polarizer, the retarder patterns, and the polymer base film are laminated in this order).
  • lights can pass through the polarizer, the polymer base film and the retarder patterns in this sequence, or can pass through the polarizer, the retarder patterns and the polymer base film in this sequence within the image display.
  • the retarder patterns are formed not on a glass substrate but on a polymer base film. It is considered good for the glass substrate to implement a clear three-dimensional image because in-plane retardation is generally not more than 5 nm and axial directions of it are disordered. However, the glass substrate is disadvantageous because it requires more than certain amount of thickness and weight, and it is not possible to apply roll-to-roll process when bonded to the polarizer.
  • the polymer base film has larger in-plane retardation (R0) than that of the glass substrate. Therefore, for example, when the image display is configured so that lights pass through the polarizer, the retarder patterns and the polymer base film in this sequence, the polymer base film converts polarization of the lights which are circularly polarized by the retarder patterns into elliptically polarization.
  • R0 in-plane retardation
  • the in-plane retardation (R0) of the polymer base film is, for example, not less than 5nm. Especially, the in-plane retardation may be between 5 and 300nm, preferably between 5 and 50nm.
  • the first compensation film of the present invention is placed at a position where light which has passed through the pattern retarder (retarder patterns formed on the polymer base film) passes through, and has a role to compensate phase difference modulation due to the polymer base film of the pattern retarder.
  • the first compensation film is disposed across the pattern retarder from the light source, and can be included in either the image display or the pair of polarization eyeglasses.
  • the first compensation film it is not required for the first compensation film to be directly laminated to the pattern retarder (any of retarder patterns side or the polymer base film side) where the first compensation film is included in the image display, so it is possible to include another film or layer between the pattern retarder and the first compensation film.
  • an image display of the display apparatus set of the present invention may include an upper polarizing plate having a polarizer protection film, a polarizer, retarder patterns, and a polymer base film stacked in this sequence from a light source, and a pair of polarization eyeglasses may include a first compensation film that compensates phase difference modulation due to the polymer base film for the left eye and the light eye of a viewer, a second compensation film bonded to the first compensation film and that converts polarization of lights (circularly polarized) which have passed through the first compensation film into linear polarization, and a polarizer which is stacked on the second compensation film.
  • an image display of the display apparatus set of the present invention may include an upper polarizing plate having a polarizer protection film, a polarizer, a polymer base film, and retarder patterns stacked in this sequence from a light source, and a pair of polarization eyeglasses may include a first compensation film that compensates phase difference modulation due to the polymer base film for the left eye and the light eye of a viewer, a second compensation film bonded to the first compensation film and that converts polarization of lights (circularly polarized) which have passed through the first compensation film into linear polarization, and a polarizer which is stacked on the second compensation film.
  • an image display of the display apparatus set of the present invention may include an upper polarizing plate having a polarizer protection film, a polarizer, retarder patterns, a polymer base film, and a first compensation film stacked in this sequence from a light source, and a pair of polarization eyeglasses may include a second compensation film that converts polarization of lights (circularly polarized) which have passed through the first compensation film into linear polarization, and a polarizer which is stacked on the second compensation film.
  • an image display of the display apparatus set of the present invention may include an upper polarizing plate having a polarizer protection film, a polarizer, retarder patterns and a polymer base film stacked in this sequence from a light source, and a pair of polarization eyeglasses may include a second compensation film that converts polarization of lights (circularly polarized) for the left and right eye into linear polarization, a first compensation film bonded to the second compensation film and that converts polarization of light which has passed through the second compensation film but has not been fully polarized linearly into linearly polarization, and a polarizer which is stacked on the first compensation film.
  • the difference between the in-plane retardation (R0) of the polymer base film and the in-plane retardation (R0) of the first compensation film is not more than 50nm, preferably not more than 30nm.
  • the above-mentioned difference range is required to prevent the ghost effects because elliptically polarized lights which are emitted from the image display can be converted into circular polarization lights when the difference between the in-plane retardations is within the above-mentioned range.
  • the in-plane retardation (R0) of the first compensation film is not less than 5nm, especially between 5 and 300nm or between 5 and 50nm, when the difference between in-plane retardations (R0) of the polymer base film and that of the first compensation film is within the above-mentioned range.
  • a slow axis of the first compensation film is orthogonal or perpendicular to a slow axis of the polymer base film.
  • “orthogonal” or “perpendicular” includes not only mathematical, exact perpendicularity (90°) but also substantial perpendicularity in which the same or similar effects compared to the exact perpendicularity can be provided.
  • the range of “orthogonal” or “perpendicular” can be 90 ⁇ 5°.
  • the slow axis of the first compensation film can be 0° or 90° while the slow axis of the polymer base film can be 90° or 0° from an absorption axis or a transmission axis of the polarizer of the upper polarization plate as a reference.
  • the slow axis of the first compensation film can be 45°, and the slow axis of the polymer base film can be -45° from an absorption axis or a transmission axis of the polarizer of the upper polarization plate as a reference.
  • Materials for a first compensation film and a polymer base film are not limited to any specific materials. However, it is desirable to consider transparency, mechanical intensity (or strength), thermal stability, moisture resistance, phase difference uniformity, and isotropy, etc. and select films which are appropriate for display device.
  • the first compensation film and the polymer base film are independently made of one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyester, cellulose, polycarbonates, acryl, styrene, vinyl chloride, amide, sulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol, vinylidene chloride, vinylbutyral, allylate, polyoxymethylene, and epoxy.
  • the first compensation film and the polymer base film are not needed to have any specific thickness. However, it is desirable to determine the thickness between 5 and 100 ⁇ m, desirably between 15 and 60 ⁇ m. It is hard to handle the manufacture process and control the thickness because the mechanical intensity is weak when the thickness is less than 5 ⁇ m, and it is difficult to make the display thin when the thickness is more than 100 ⁇ m.
  • a polarizing plate in the present invention may be one commonly used for three-dimensional display devices such as a three-dimensional liquid crystal display (LCD).
  • the polarizing plate may be configured to include a polarizer, and the polarizer may have polarizer film attached on one side or both side of the polarizer, or a polarizer film may be attached on one side of the polarizer and a compensation film is attached on other side of the polarizer.
  • a polarizer may be one commonly used in the field of the present invention, and is not limited to any specific type.
  • extended polyvinyl alcohol film made by using dichroic compounds, a film on which wire grids are formed, or a film on which carbon nanotubes are formed can be used.
  • an extended polyvinyl alcohol film on which a dichroic dye is absorbed and oriented can be preferably used as a material for the polarizer because it can be easily processed into a film type.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol can be manufactured by saponification of polyvinyl acetate polymer.
  • polyvinyl acetate polymer examples include but not limited to a mono-polymer of vinyl acetate and a co-polymer of vinyl acetate and other monomers which can be copolymerized with vinyl acetate.
  • specific examples of the other monomers may include unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated sulfonic acid, olefin, vinyl ether, acryl amide having ammonium functional group, etc.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol can be modified.
  • polyvinyl formal modified by aldehydes, or polyvinyl acetal can be used.
  • a saponification value of the polyvinyl alcohol can normally be between 80 and 100 mole %, preferably not less than 98 mole %.
  • a degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol can normally be between 1,000 and 10,000, preferably between 1,500 and 5,000.
  • the polarizer protection film may be any kinds of films which can protect the polarizer which is mechanically weak.
  • the attached compensation film can be considered to be a polarizer protection film of present invention as well.
  • the polarizer protection film may be disposed between a polarizer and a pattern retarder (retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film), or be disposed at one or both side of a polarizer of a pair of polarization eyeglasses.
  • the polarizer protection film can be used from one selected from the group consisting of polyester, acryl, polyolefin and norbornene etc.
  • a pattern retarder of the present invention includes two or more distinct regions which are repeatedly arranged (retarder pattern), and each of the distinct regions has different phase or slow axis.
  • Methods to form the retarder pattern may include coating a liquid crystal layer, attaching a film, or removing a part of an alignment film.
  • the pattern retarder of the present invention can be manufactured by forming an alignment film and coating liquid crystals on top of the alignment film.
  • the alignment film may be one commonly used in the field of the present invention and not limited to a specific type of alignment film. However, organic alignment film can be desirably used.
  • the organic alignment film is made from an alignment film composition including acrylate, polyimide, or polyamic acid.
  • Polyamic acid is a polymer obtained by reacting di-amine with dianhydride
  • polyimide is obtained from imidization of polyamic acid. Structures of the polyamic acid and the polyimide are not limited.
  • the viscosity of the alignment film composition is desirably between 8 and 13cP.
  • the amount of the solid materials is desirably between 0.1 and 10 weight %.
  • the alignment film composition is perferably a solution containing solid materials such as acrylate, polyimide or polyamic acid dissolved in a solvent.
  • the type of the solvent is not limited, and specifically, butyl cellosolve, gamma butyrolactone, N-metyl-2-pyrrolidone, or dipropylene glycol methylether, etc. Proper amount of the solvent is needed to form a uniform alignment film considering solubility, viscosity, and surface tension and the like.
  • the alignment film composition can additionally include a cross-linker and a coupling agent to effectively form the alignment film.
  • the alignment film is manufactured by applying alignment film composition on one side of a polymer base film.
  • the applying method is not limited in the present invention and any commonly used methods can be utilized. Examples of the applying method include air knife, gravure, reverse roll, kiss roll, spray, or blade, etc.
  • a drying process can be additionally applied for efficiently applying the alignment film composition.
  • the drying method is not limited and common methods such as hot wind or far-infrared radiation can be used.
  • the drying temperature is normally between 30 and 100°C, and desirably between 50 and 80°C, and drying time is normally between 30 and 600 seconds, and desirably between 120 and 400 seconds.
  • alignment directions are formed on the alignment layer.
  • Methods for forming alignment directions include rubbing, photo-alignment, etc., and are not limited to a specific one.
  • One example to form a patterned alignment layer is to form an alignment direction on the whole surface of the alignment layer and then to form another alignment direction by an exposure process using a photo mask.
  • the patterned alignment layer can be manufactured by a first exposure process using a first photo mask which has a light transmitting region and a light blocking region, and second exposure process using a second photo mask in which a light transmitting region and a light blocking region is reversed.
  • Light for the exposure process is not specifically limited. However, it is desirable to use polarized ultra-violet light, ionized beam with predetermined angle, or radioactive light.
  • a crystal coated layer is formed on the alignment layer on which the alignment directions are formed.
  • the crystal coated layer can be formed by applying crystal coating composition on top of the patterned alignment layer.
  • the crystal coating composition may include a liquid crystal compound which has optical anisotropy and photo-crosslinkability.
  • a reactive liquid crystal monomer RM, Reactive Mesogan
  • RM Reactive Mesogan
  • the reactive liquid crystal monomer is a monomer molecule having liquid crystal phase characteristics which has a polymerizable end group with a mesogen.
  • a cross-linked polymer network with liquid crystal phase maintained can be obtained by polymerization of the reactive liquid crystal monomer.
  • Using the reactive liquid crystal monomers which can be cooled at a clearing point is more suitable to obtain well-aligned, large area domain than using liquid crystal polymers.
  • the large area cross-linked network film is mechanically and thermally stable because it is formed as a solid thin-layer while maintaining characteristics of liquid crystal such as optical anisotropy and dielectric constant, etc.
  • the reactive liquid crystal compound which is diluted with solvent can be used as the crystal coating composition for ensuring efficiency and uniformity of coating.
  • Example of the solvent can be selected one or a mixture of selected two or more from propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), xylene, or chloroform.
  • PGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
  • MEK methyl ethyl ketone
  • xylene xylene
  • the amount of the reactive liquid crystal monomer in the reactive liquid crystal compound is desirably between 15 and 30 weight %. It is hard to implement phase difference when the amount is less than 15 weight %, and it is hard to form a uniform liquid crystal coated layer because the reactive liquid crystal monomer is extracted when the amount is more than 30 weight %.
  • the coating method is not specifically limited. However, pin coating, roller coating, dispensing coating, or gravia coating can be used. It is desirable to determine a type and amount of the solvent according to the coating method.
  • the thickness of the dried liquid crystal coating layer is between 0.01 and 10 ⁇ m.
  • a uniform pattern retarder can be formed when the thickness is within above mentioned range.
  • the solvent is vaporized by drying process.
  • a hot wind or far-infrared radiation can be used for the drying process.
  • the drying temperature is normally between 30 and 100°C, and desirably between 50 and 80°C, and drying time is normally between 30 and 600 seconds, and desirably between 120 and 400 seconds.
  • the drying temperature can be fixed or gradually increased during the drying process.
  • the dried liquid crystal coating layer is photo-crosslinked by ultraviolet light and it completes the pattern retarder.
  • a second compensation film is a commonly used compensation film for a pair of eyeglasses for implementing three-dimensional images.
  • An image display of the present invention may additionally include a hard-coating layer, an anti-glare layer, or a surface treatment layer such as an anti-adhesion layer, a diffusion layer, or an anti-flash layer, etc.
  • the hard-coating layer is included to protect a surface of the image display
  • the anti-glare layer is included to prevent reflection of external lights on the surface of the image display
  • the anti-adhesion layer is included to prevent the protection film from gluing to the adjoining layer.
  • the anti-flash layer is included to prevent decrease of visibility of lights which has passed through the polarizer due to lights reflected from the surface of the image display.
  • the anti-flash layer can be formed by forming micro embossing structure using sand blasting, embossing, or mixing transparent particles, etc.
  • the transparent particles have average size of 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, and include particles made from silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, zinc oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide, or antimony oxide. Also, conducted mineral particles or organic particles which are manufactured with crosslinked or non-crosslinked granular polymer can be used. 2 to 70 parts by weight, desirably 5 to 50 parts by weight of the transparent are included for every 100 part by weight of plastic.
  • the anti-flash layer including the transparent particles can be provided as a protection film itself, or can be coated on top of a protection film.
  • the anti-flash layer can be used as a diffusion layer (a layer that compensates viewing angle) because it diffuses light which has passed through the polarizer.
  • a image display of the display apparatus set according to the present invention is desirably a liquid crystal display for implementing a three-dimensional image.
  • the liquid crystal display can implement the there-dimensional image using a pair of polarization eyeglasses which includes polarizers and compensation films that converts polarization of lights which has passes through the image display into linear polarization for a left eye and a right eye.
  • an upper polarizing plate having an adhesive layer, a polarizer protection film (triacetyl cellulose, TAC), a PVA polarizer, retarder patterns manufactured by a reactive liquid crystal monomer (RM), and a polymer base film stacked in this sequence from a light source is manufactured.
  • a slow axis of the polymer base film is orthogonal to a transmission axis of the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate.
  • Alignment directions of each of the retarders of the retarder patterns are orthogonal to each other, and the alignment directions of each of the retarders are either 45° clockwise direction or 45° counterclockwise direction from the transmission layer of the polarizer.
  • An image display of the present invention is manufactured by substituting the upper polarizing plate for a common upper polarizing plate in an ordinary liquid crystal display.
  • a pair of polarization eyeglasses is manufactured by attaching a first compensation film of the present invention to an outermost layer of an ordinary pair of polarization eyeglasses which includes a polarizer and a second compensation film.
  • a slow axis of the first compensation film is orthogonal to a slow axis of the polymer base film.
  • Table 1 shows whether the ghost effect occurs or not according to in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film.
  • the ghost effects are considerably reduced when the difference between the in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film is not more than 50nm. And the ghost effect is not occurred when the difference between the in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film is not more than 30nm.
  • 10 and 11 denote a transmission axis of an upper polarizing plate
  • 20 and 21 denote a slow axis of retarder patterns
  • 30 and 31 denote a slow axis of a polymer base film
  • 40 and 41 denote a slow axis of a first compensation film
  • 50 and 51 denote a slow axis of a second compensation film
  • 60 and 61 denote a transmission axis of a polarizer of a pair of polarization eyeglasses.
  • the polarization of the image is converted into linear polarization, and the linear polarization is converted into circular polarization when passing through retarder patterns.
  • the circular polarization is converted into elliptical polarization when passing through the polymer base film, and the elliptical polarization is again converted into circular polarization because phase difference modulation is compensated by the first compensation film.
  • the circular polarization is converted into linear polarization when passing through the second compensation film.
  • two linearly polarized lights which are orthogonal to each other are made incident to the left eye and the right eye simultaneously.
  • the linearly polarized light which is parallel to the transmission axis passes through while the linearly polarized light which is orthogonal to the transmission axis is blocked. Therefore, the present invention can implement three-dimensional images without the ghost effect.
  • a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 1 except that a first compensation film is located in an image display.
  • Example 1 Same as Example 1, whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film and a first compensation film shown in Table 1. The result is same as Example 1, and the principle is described in FIG. 4.
  • a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 1 except that stacking sequence of a first compensation film and a second compensation film is reversed.
  • Example 1 Same as Example 1, whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film and a first compensation film shown in Table 1. The result is same as Example 1.
  • FIG. 6 is same as the principle shown in FIG 2 except that elliptical polarization which has passed through a polymer base film keeps its polarization state when passing through the second compensation film, and converted into linear polarization when passing through the first compensation film because phase difference modulation is compensated by the first compensation film.
  • a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 1 except that a slow axis of a polymer base film is 45° clockwise from a transmission layer of the polarizer, and a slow axis of a first compensation film is orthogonal to the slow axis of the first compensation film, that is, 45° counterclockwise from the transmission layer of the polarizer.
  • Table 2 shows whether the ghost effect occurs or not according to in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film.
  • the ghost effect is considerably reduced when the difference between the in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film is not more than 50nm, and the ghost effect is not occurred when the difference between the in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film is not more than 30nm. This is based on the principle shown in FIG. 8.
  • a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 2 except that a slow axis of a polymer base film is 45° clockwise from a transmission layer of the polarizer, and a slow axis of a first compensation film is orthogonal to the slow axis of the first compensation film, that is, 45° counterclockwise from the transmission layer of the polarizer.
  • Example 4 Same as Example 4, whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film and a first compensation film shown in Table 2. The result is same as Example 4, and the principle is described in FIG. 10.
  • a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 3 except that a slow axis of a polymer base film is 45° clockwise from a transmission layer of the polarizer, and a slow axis of a first compensation film is orthogonal to the slow axis of the first compensation film, that is, 45° counterclockwise from the transmission layer of the polarizer.
  • a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 1 except that stacking sequence of a retarder patterns and a polymer base film of an image display is reversed.
  • a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 7 except that stacking sequence of a first compensation film and a second compensation film is reversed.
  • a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 2 except that stacking sequence of retarder patterns and a polymer base film is reversed.
  • Polarization of light emitted from a light source is converted into linear polarization when passing through a polarizer
  • the linear polarization is converted into elliptical polarization when passing through a polymer base film
  • the directions of elliptical polarizations of a left eye image and a right eye image are opposite from each other when passing through retarder patterns
  • the elliptical polarization is converted into circular polarization when passing through a first compensation film because phase difference modulation is compensated by the first compensation film.
  • the circular polarization is converted into linear polarization when passing through the second compensation film in the pair of polarization eyeglasses.
  • a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 1 except that a first compensation film is omitted.
  • Example 10 The principle for the ghost effect in Example 10 is shown in FIG. 20.
  • Light is converted into linear polarization when passing through a polarizer, the linear polarization is converted into circular polarization when passing through retarder patterns, and the directions of circular polarizations of a left eye image and a right eye image are reversed.
  • the circular polarization is converted into elliptical polarization when passing through a polymer base film and made incident to a pair of polarization eyeglasses.
  • the light which is not parallel to the transmission axis of a polarizer of the pair of polarization eyeglasses is not completely blocked. Therefore, a left eye image can be seen by the right eye, and vice-versa. This is called a ghost effect, which deteriorates quality of three-dimensional images.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a display apparatus set which have advantages for providing thin and light display and is capable of implementing clear three-dimensional image in which the ghost effects are eliminated, including: an image display having retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film, wherein light that has passed through a polarizer of an upper polarizing plate is configured to pass through the retarder patterns; and a pair of polarization eyeglasses for receiving an image the image display, and providing three-dimensional image to a viewer from the received image; wherein either the image display or the pair of polarization eyeglasses includes a first compensation film so that lights which have passed through the retarder patterns formed on the polymer base film passes through the first compensation film, and wherein a difference between an in-plane retardation of the polymer base film and an in-plane retardation of the first compensation film is less than 50nm.

Description

DISPLAY APPARATUS SET FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE
The present invention relates to a display apparatus set for implementing three-dimensional image which has advantages for providing thin and light display and is capable of implementing clear three-dimensional image in which the ghost effects are eliminated.
A viewer physiologically and empirically perceives three-dimensional depth when watching a display. In general, three-dimensional images are implemented based on binocular parallax, which is a basic principle to explain why the viewer feels three-dimensional depth at close distance.
Using the binocular parallax, two different images which are separately captured using at least two cameras for the left and right eye, and the captured images are displayed separately to the left and right eye. The images are then combined in the brain to give the perception of three-dimensional depth.
Three-dimensional image technology may or may not use polarized glasses. Examples of the technologies using glasses include (1) anaglyph method which uses glasses where the two lenses are different colors, (2) polarization method which uses glasses where the two lenses have different polarized directions, and (3) time-sharing method which uses shutter glasses in synchronization with the refresh rate of the screen.
Many of the displays use a pattern retarder to implement three-dimensional images. The pattern retarder can include a glass substrate, an alignment film coated on the glass substrate, and a liquid crystal layer coated on the alignment film. The liquid crystal layer is a polymer film which is formed by illuminating light (i.e. ultraviolet light, etc.) to light reactive liquid crystals which are aligned by the alignment film. However, it is unable to apply roll-to-roll process to manufacture the pattern retarder when the glass substrate is used.
There have been attempts to use a polymer base film instead of the glass substrate. However, the polymer base film has larger in-plane retardation than the glass substrate, so there have been problems that lights emitted from the display have elliptical polarization, instead of circular polarization. When the emitted lights are elliptically polarized, polarized lights for the left eye and the right eye are not completely separated, therefore the ghost effect occurs due to the cross talk.
The present invention is to provide a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image which is capable of implementing clear three-dimensional image with the ghost effects due to the cross talk eliminated.
The present invention is also to provide thin and light display apparatus set for three-dimensional image.
1. A display apparatus set for implementing three-dimensional image, comprising: an image display having retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film, wherein the retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film is placed on where light that has passed through a polarizer of an upper polarizing plate passes through; and a pair of polarization eyeglasses to receive an image from the image display and to provide three-dimensional image for a viewer; wherein either the image display or the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises a first compensation film that is placed on where light that has passed through the retarder patterns formed on the polymer base film passes through, and wherein a difference between an in-plane retardation of the polymer base film and an in-plane retardation of the first compensation film is not more than 50nm.
2. The display apparatus set of 1, wherein the image display is configured that light which has passed through the polarizer passes through the polymer base film, and the light which has passed through the polymer base film passes through the retarder patterns.
3. The display apparatus set of 1, wherein the image display is configured that light which has passed through the polarizer passes through the retarder patterns, and the light which has passed through the retarder patterns passes through the polymer base film.
4. The display apparatus set of 1, wherein the difference between the in-plane retardation of the polymer base film and the in-plane retardation of the first compensation film is not more than 30nm.
5. The display apparatus set of 1, wherein a slow axis of the first compensation film is orthogonal to a slow axis of the polymer base film.
6. The display apparatus set of 1, wherein each of the in-plane retardations of the first compensation film and the polymer base film is not less than 5nm.
7. The display apparatus set of 1, wherein the first compensation film and the polymer base film are independently made of one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyester, cellulose, polycarbonates, acryl, styrene, vinyl chloride, amide, sulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol, vinylidene chloride, vinylbutyral, allylate, polyoxymethylene and epoxy.
8. The display apparatus set of 1, wherein the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises: the first compensation film; a second compensation film laminated on the first compensation film and configured to convert polarization of light which has passed through the first compensation film into linear polarization; and a polarizer laminated on the second compensation film.
9. The display apparatus set of 1, wherein the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises: a second compensation configured to convert polarization of light which has emitted from the image display into linear polarization; the first compensation film laminated on the second compensation film; and a polarizer laminated on the first compensation film.
10. The display apparatus set of 9, the first compensation film is to convert polarization of light which has passed through the second compensation film but has not been fully polarized linearly into linear polarization.
According to a display apparatus set of the present invention, it is possible to implement a thin and light image display because the present invention includes a pattern retarder formed on a polymer base film.
Also, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide clear three-dimensional images in which the ghost effects due to the cross talk are eliminated.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view of a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 10 of the present invention; and
FIG. 20 is a diagram for briefly explaining the principle for providing three-dimensional images using a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image according to Example 10 of the present invention.
* REFERENCE SYMBOLS IN THE DRAWINGS
10, 11: transmission axis of a polarizer of an upper polarizing plate
20, 21: slow axis of retarder patterns
30, 31: slow axis of polymer base film
40, 41: slow axis of a first compensation film
50, 51: slow axis of a second compensation film
60, 61: transmission axis of a polarizer of a pair of polarization eyeglasses
The present invention relates to a display apparatus set which have advantages to provide thin and light display and is capable of implementing clear three-dimensional image in which the ghost effects are eliminated, including: an image display having retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film, wherein the retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film is placed on where light that has passed through a polarizer of an upper polarizing plate passes through; and a pair of polarization eyeglasses to receive an image from the image display and to provide three-dimensional image for a viewer; wherein either the image display or the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises a first compensation film that is placed on where light that has passed through the retarder patterns formed on the polymer base film passes through, and wherein a difference between an in-plane retardation of the polymer base film and an in-plane retardation of the first compensation film is not more than 50nm.
Hereinafter, the present invention is described in detail.
A display apparatus set for implementing three-dimensional images includes an image display and a pair of polarization eyeglasses.
The image display can include a light source (a backlight), a lower polarizing plate, a liquid crystal panel, and an upper polarizing plate where, for example, the image display is a liquid crystal display (LCD). The image display includes a pattern retarder, i.e., retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film. The pattern retarder is placed on where light that has passed through the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate can pass through.
Because light which has passes through the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate is configured to pass through the pattern retarder, the pattern retarder is positioned across the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate from the light source, and it is not required for the pattern retarder to be laminated on the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate. There can be functional layers or films between the pattern retarder and the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate if they are necessary.
Of course, it is also possible for the pattern retarder to be laminated on one side of the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate. Polymer base film side of the pattern retarder can be bonded to one side of the polarizer (i.e., the polarizer, the polymer base film, and the retarder patterns are laminated in this order), or retarder patterns side of the pattern retarder can be bonded to the one side of the polarizer (the polarizer, the retarder patterns, and the polymer base film are laminated in this order). In other words, lights can pass through the polarizer, the polymer base film and the retarder patterns in this sequence, or can pass through the polarizer, the retarder patterns and the polymer base film in this sequence within the image display.
In the present invention, the retarder patterns are formed not on a glass substrate but on a polymer base film. It is considered good for the glass substrate to implement a clear three-dimensional image because in-plane retardation is generally not more than 5 nm and axial directions of it are disordered. However, the glass substrate is disadvantageous because it requires more than certain amount of thickness and weight, and it is not possible to apply roll-to-roll process when bonded to the polarizer.
The polymer base film has larger in-plane retardation (R0) than that of the glass substrate. Therefore, for example, when the image display is configured so that lights pass through the polarizer, the retarder patterns and the polymer base film in this sequence, the polymer base film converts polarization of the lights which are circularly polarized by the retarder patterns into elliptically polarization. When elliptically polarized lights are made incident to the pair of polarization eyeglasses, it causes the ghost effects because polarized lights for the left eye and the right eye are not completely separated. The present invention prevents the ghost effect due to a first compensation film which is described below because the elliptically polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light when passing through the first compensation film.
The in-plane retardation (R0) of the polymer base film is, for example, not less than 5nm. Especially, the in-plane retardation may be between 5 and 300nm, preferably between 5 and 50nm.
The first compensation film of the present invention is placed at a position where light which has passed through the pattern retarder (retarder patterns formed on the polymer base film) passes through, and has a role to compensate phase difference modulation due to the polymer base film of the pattern retarder. The first compensation film is disposed across the pattern retarder from the light source, and can be included in either the image display or the pair of polarization eyeglasses.
Also, it is not required for the first compensation film to be directly laminated to the pattern retarder (any of retarder patterns side or the polymer base film side) where the first compensation film is included in the image display, so it is possible to include another film or layer between the pattern retarder and the first compensation film.
For example, an image display of the display apparatus set of the present invention may include an upper polarizing plate having a polarizer protection film, a polarizer, retarder patterns, and a polymer base film stacked in this sequence from a light source, and a pair of polarization eyeglasses may include a first compensation film that compensates phase difference modulation due to the polymer base film for the left eye and the light eye of a viewer, a second compensation film bonded to the first compensation film and that converts polarization of lights (circularly polarized) which have passed through the first compensation film into linear polarization, and a polarizer which is stacked on the second compensation film.
Or, an image display of the display apparatus set of the present invention may include an upper polarizing plate having a polarizer protection film, a polarizer, a polymer base film, and retarder patterns stacked in this sequence from a light source, and a pair of polarization eyeglasses may include a first compensation film that compensates phase difference modulation due to the polymer base film for the left eye and the light eye of a viewer, a second compensation film bonded to the first compensation film and that converts polarization of lights (circularly polarized) which have passed through the first compensation film into linear polarization, and a polarizer which is stacked on the second compensation film.
Or, an image display of the display apparatus set of the present invention may include an upper polarizing plate having a polarizer protection film, a polarizer, retarder patterns, a polymer base film, and a first compensation film stacked in this sequence from a light source, and a pair of polarization eyeglasses may include a second compensation film that converts polarization of lights (circularly polarized) which have passed through the first compensation film into linear polarization, and a polarizer which is stacked on the second compensation film.
Or, an image display of the display apparatus set of the present invention may include an upper polarizing plate having a polarizer protection film, a polarizer, retarder patterns and a polymer base film stacked in this sequence from a light source, and a pair of polarization eyeglasses may include a second compensation film that converts polarization of lights (circularly polarized) for the left and right eye into linear polarization, a first compensation film bonded to the second compensation film and that converts polarization of light which has passed through the second compensation film but has not been fully polarized linearly into linearly polarization, and a polarizer which is stacked on the first compensation film.
The difference between the in-plane retardation (R0) of the polymer base film and the in-plane retardation (R0) of the first compensation film is not more than 50nm, preferably not more than 30nm. The above-mentioned difference range is required to prevent the ghost effects because elliptically polarized lights which are emitted from the image display can be converted into circular polarization lights when the difference between the in-plane retardations is within the above-mentioned range.
Same as the in-plane retardation of the polymer base film, the in-plane retardation (R0) of the first compensation film is not less than 5nm, especially between 5 and 300nm or between 5 and 50nm, when the difference between in-plane retardations (R0) of the polymer base film and that of the first compensation film is within the above-mentioned range.
A slow axis of the first compensation film is orthogonal or perpendicular to a slow axis of the polymer base film. In the present invention, “orthogonal” or “perpendicular” includes not only mathematical, exact perpendicularity (90°) but also substantial perpendicularity in which the same or similar effects compared to the exact perpendicularity can be provided. For example, in the present invention, the range of “orthogonal” or “perpendicular” can be 90±5°.
For example, the slow axis of the first compensation film can be 0° or 90° while the slow axis of the polymer base film can be 90° or 0° from an absorption axis or a transmission axis of the polarizer of the upper polarization plate as a reference. Or, the slow axis of the first compensation film can be 45°, and the slow axis of the polymer base film can be -45° from an absorption axis or a transmission axis of the polarizer of the upper polarization plate as a reference.
Materials for a first compensation film and a polymer base film are not limited to any specific materials. However, it is desirable to consider transparency, mechanical intensity (or strength), thermal stability, moisture resistance, phase difference uniformity, and isotropy, etc. and select films which are appropriate for display device.
The first compensation film and the polymer base film are independently made of one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyester, cellulose, polycarbonates, acryl, styrene, vinyl chloride, amide, sulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol, vinylidene chloride, vinylbutyral, allylate, polyoxymethylene, and epoxy.
The first compensation film and the polymer base film are not needed to have any specific thickness. However, it is desirable to determine the thickness between 5 and 100μm, desirably between 15 and 60μm. It is hard to handle the manufacture process and control the thickness because the mechanical intensity is weak when the thickness is less than 5μm, and it is difficult to make the display thin when the thickness is more than 100μm.
A polarizing plate in the present invention may be one commonly used for three-dimensional display devices such as a three-dimensional liquid crystal display (LCD). For instance, the polarizing plate may be configured to include a polarizer, and the polarizer may have polarizer film attached on one side or both side of the polarizer, or a polarizer film may be attached on one side of the polarizer and a compensation film is attached on other side of the polarizer.
A polarizer may be one commonly used in the field of the present invention, and is not limited to any specific type. For example, extended polyvinyl alcohol film made by using dichroic compounds, a film on which wire grids are formed, or a film on which carbon nanotubes are formed can be used.
Among them, an extended polyvinyl alcohol film on which a dichroic dye is absorbed and oriented can be preferably used as a material for the polarizer because it can be easily processed into a film type. Polyvinyl alcohol can be manufactured by saponification of polyvinyl acetate polymer.
Examples of the polyvinyl acetate polymer include but not limited to a mono-polymer of vinyl acetate and a co-polymer of vinyl acetate and other monomers which can be copolymerized with vinyl acetate. Specific examples of the other monomers may include unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated sulfonic acid, olefin, vinyl ether, acryl amide having ammonium functional group, etc.
The polyvinyl alcohol can be modified. For example, polyvinyl formal modified by aldehydes, or polyvinyl acetal can be used. A saponification value of the polyvinyl alcohol can normally be between 80 and 100 mole %, preferably not less than 98 mole %. A degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol can normally be between 1,000 and 10,000, preferably between 1,500 and 5,000.
The polarizer protection film may be any kinds of films which can protect the polarizer which is mechanically weak. For example, when a compensation film which is attached to a polarizer also protects the polarizer while retarding phase, the attached compensation film can be considered to be a polarizer protection film of present invention as well.
The polarizer protection film may be disposed between a polarizer and a pattern retarder (retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film), or be disposed at one or both side of a polarizer of a pair of polarization eyeglasses. The polarizer protection film can be used from one selected from the group consisting of polyester, acryl, polyolefin and norbornene etc.
A pattern retarder of the present invention includes two or more distinct regions which are repeatedly arranged (retarder pattern), and each of the distinct regions has different phase or slow axis. Methods to form the retarder pattern may include coating a liquid crystal layer, attaching a film, or removing a part of an alignment film.
The pattern retarder of the present invention can be manufactured by forming an alignment film and coating liquid crystals on top of the alignment film. The alignment film may be one commonly used in the field of the present invention and not limited to a specific type of alignment film. However, organic alignment film can be desirably used.
The organic alignment film is made from an alignment film composition including acrylate, polyimide, or polyamic acid. Polyamic acid is a polymer obtained by reacting di-amine with dianhydride, and polyimide is obtained from imidization of polyamic acid. Structures of the polyamic acid and the polyimide are not limited.
It is important for the alignment film composition to maintain proper viscosity. If the viscosity is too high, it is hard to form an alignment film with uniform thickness because the composition does not flow easily when pressure is applied, and if the viscosity is too low, it is hard to control the thickness of the alignment film. The viscosity of the alignment film composition is desirably between 8 and 13cP.
Surface tension, amount of solid materials, and volatility of a solvent are also need to be considered. Especially, it is desirable to consider the thickness of the alignment film, or hardening characteristics when controlling the amount of solid materials, because the amount of solid materials has an effect on the viscosity or surface tension.
When the amount of solid materials is too large, the viscosity gets higher and the alignment film gets thicker. When the amount of solid materials is too small, the proportion of solvent gets higher so the alignment film gets stained when the solvent is dried. The amount of the solid materials is desirably between 0.1 and 10 weight %.
The alignment film composition is perferably a solution containing solid materials such as acrylate, polyimide or polyamic acid dissolved in a solvent. The type of the solvent is not limited, and specifically, butyl cellosolve, gamma butyrolactone, N-metyl-2-pyrrolidone, or dipropylene glycol methylether, etc. Proper amount of the solvent is needed to form a uniform alignment film considering solubility, viscosity, and surface tension and the like.
The alignment film composition can additionally include a cross-linker and a coupling agent to effectively form the alignment film.
The alignment film is manufactured by applying alignment film composition on one side of a polymer base film.
The applying method is not limited in the present invention and any commonly used methods can be utilized. Examples of the applying method include air knife, gravure, reverse roll, kiss roll, spray, or blade, etc.
A drying process can be additionally applied for efficiently applying the alignment film composition.
The drying method is not limited and common methods such as hot wind or far-infrared radiation can be used. The drying temperature is normally between 30 and 100°C, and desirably between 50 and 80°C, and drying time is normally between 30 and 600 seconds, and desirably between 120 and 400 seconds.
Next, alignment directions are formed on the alignment layer. Methods for forming alignment directions include rubbing, photo-alignment, etc., and are not limited to a specific one.
One example to form a patterned alignment layer is to form an alignment direction on the whole surface of the alignment layer and then to form another alignment direction by an exposure process using a photo mask. Or, the patterned alignment layer can be manufactured by a first exposure process using a first photo mask which has a light transmitting region and a light blocking region, and second exposure process using a second photo mask in which a light transmitting region and a light blocking region is reversed.
Light for the exposure process is not specifically limited. However, it is desirable to use polarized ultra-violet light, ionized beam with predetermined angle, or radioactive light.
A crystal coated layer is formed on the alignment layer on which the alignment directions are formed.
The crystal coated layer can be formed by applying crystal coating composition on top of the patterned alignment layer.
The crystal coating composition may include a liquid crystal compound which has optical anisotropy and photo-crosslinkability. For example, a reactive liquid crystal monomer (RM, Reactive Mesogan) can be desirably used.
The reactive liquid crystal monomer is a monomer molecule having liquid crystal phase characteristics which has a polymerizable end group with a mesogen. A cross-linked polymer network with liquid crystal phase maintained can be obtained by polymerization of the reactive liquid crystal monomer. Using the reactive liquid crystal monomers which can be cooled at a clearing point is more suitable to obtain well-aligned, large area domain than using liquid crystal polymers.
The large area cross-linked network film is mechanically and thermally stable because it is formed as a solid thin-layer while maintaining characteristics of liquid crystal such as optical anisotropy and dielectric constant, etc.
The reactive liquid crystal compound which is diluted with solvent can be used as the crystal coating composition for ensuring efficiency and uniformity of coating.
Example of the solvent can be selected one or a mixture of selected two or more from propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), xylene, or chloroform.
The amount of the reactive liquid crystal monomer in the reactive liquid crystal compound is desirably between 15 and 30 weight %. It is hard to implement phase difference when the amount is less than 15 weight %, and it is hard to form a uniform liquid crystal coated layer because the reactive liquid crystal monomer is extracted when the amount is more than 30 weight %.
The coating method is not specifically limited. However, pin coating, roller coating, dispensing coating, or gravia coating can be used. It is desirable to determine a type and amount of the solvent according to the coating method.
The thickness of the dried liquid crystal coating layer is between 0.01 and 10μm. A uniform pattern retarder can be formed when the thickness is within above mentioned range.
The solvent is vaporized by drying process.
A hot wind or far-infrared radiation can be used for the drying process. The drying temperature is normally between 30 and 100°C, and desirably between 50 and 80°C, and drying time is normally between 30 and 600 seconds, and desirably between 120 and 400 seconds. The drying temperature can be fixed or gradually increased during the drying process.
The dried liquid crystal coating layer is photo-crosslinked by ultraviolet light and it completes the pattern retarder.
A second compensation film is a commonly used compensation film for a pair of eyeglasses for implementing three-dimensional images.
An image display of the present invention may additionally include a hard-coating layer, an anti-glare layer, or a surface treatment layer such as an anti-adhesion layer, a diffusion layer, or an anti-flash layer, etc.
The hard-coating layer is included to protect a surface of the image display, the anti-glare layer is included to prevent reflection of external lights on the surface of the image display, and the anti-adhesion layer is included to prevent the protection film from gluing to the adjoining layer. The anti-flash layer is included to prevent decrease of visibility of lights which has passed through the polarizer due to lights reflected from the surface of the image display. The anti-flash layer can be formed by forming micro embossing structure using sand blasting, embossing, or mixing transparent particles, etc.
The transparent particles have average size of 0.5 to 5μm, and include particles made from silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, zinc oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide, or antimony oxide. Also, conducted mineral particles or organic particles which are manufactured with crosslinked or non-crosslinked granular polymer can be used. 2 to 70 parts by weight, desirably 5 to 50 parts by weight of the transparent are included for every 100 part by weight of plastic. The anti-flash layer including the transparent particles can be provided as a protection film itself, or can be coated on top of a protection film. The anti-flash layer can be used as a diffusion layer (a layer that compensates viewing angle) because it diffuses light which has passed through the polarizer.
A image display of the display apparatus set according to the present invention is desirably a liquid crystal display for implementing a three-dimensional image.
The liquid crystal display can implement the there-dimensional image using a pair of polarization eyeglasses which includes polarizers and compensation films that converts polarization of lights which has passes through the image display into linear polarization for a left eye and a right eye.
Hereafter, examples are provided for ease of understanding the present invention. However, the following embodiments are provided only as examples of the present invention and it will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that varying substitutions and modifications may be made to the invention disclosed herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the appended claims.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, an upper polarizing plate having an adhesive layer, a polarizer protection film (triacetyl cellulose, TAC), a PVA polarizer, retarder patterns manufactured by a reactive liquid crystal monomer (RM), and a polymer base film stacked in this sequence from a light source is manufactured. A slow axis of the polymer base film is orthogonal to a transmission axis of the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate. Alignment directions of each of the retarders of the retarder patterns are orthogonal to each other, and the alignment directions of each of the retarders are either 45° clockwise direction or 45° counterclockwise direction from the transmission layer of the polarizer.
An image display of the present invention is manufactured by substituting the upper polarizing plate for a common upper polarizing plate in an ordinary liquid crystal display.
A pair of polarization eyeglasses is manufactured by attaching a first compensation film of the present invention to an outermost layer of an ordinary pair of polarization eyeglasses which includes a polarizer and a second compensation film. A slow axis of the first compensation film is orthogonal to a slow axis of the polymer base film.
Table 1 shows whether the ghost effect occurs or not according to in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film.
Table 1
In-plane retardation of a polymer base film In-plane retardation of a first compensation film
10nm 30nm 60nm 80nm 110nm 150nm 200nm
0nm Ⅹ Ⅹ ○ ○ ◎ ◎ ◎
10nm Ⅹ Ⅹ △ ○ ◎ ◎ ◎
20nm Ⅹ Ⅹ △ △ ○ ◎ ◎
50nm Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅹ ○ ◎ ◎
80nm ○ △ Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅹ ○ ◎
100nm ○ ○ △ Ⅹ Ⅹ △ ◎
110nm ○ ○ △ Ⅹ Ⅹ △ ○
140nm ◎ ◎ ○ ○ Ⅹ Ⅹ ○
150nm ◎ ◎ ○ ○ △ Ⅹ △
200nm ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ○ △ △
◎:severe, ○:normal, △:considerably reduced, Ⅹ:not occurred
As shown in Table 1, the ghost effects are considerably reduced when the difference between the in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film is not more than 50nm. And the ghost effect is not occurred when the difference between the in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film is not more than 30nm.
This is based on the principle shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, 10 and 11 denote a transmission axis of an upper polarizing plate, 20 and 21 denote a slow axis of retarder patterns, 30 and 31 denote a slow axis of a polymer base film, 40 and 41 denote a slow axis of a first compensation film, 50 and 51 denote a slow axis of a second compensation film, and 60 and 61 denote a transmission axis of a polarizer of a pair of polarization eyeglasses.
When an image passes through the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate, the polarization of the image is converted into linear polarization, and the linear polarization is converted into circular polarization when passing through retarder patterns. In this case, the directions of circular polarizations of left eye images and right eye images are opposite to each other. The circular polarization is converted into elliptical polarization when passing through the polymer base film, and the elliptical polarization is again converted into circular polarization because phase difference modulation is compensated by the first compensation film. The circular polarization is converted into linear polarization when passing through the second compensation film. In this case, two linearly polarized lights which are orthogonal to each other are made incident to the left eye and the right eye simultaneously. However, the linearly polarized light which is parallel to the transmission axis passes through while the linearly polarized light which is orthogonal to the transmission axis is blocked. Therefore, the present invention can implement three-dimensional images without the ghost effect.
Example 2
As shown in FIG. 3, a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 1 except that a first compensation film is located in an image display.
Same as Example 1, whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film and a first compensation film shown in Table 1. The result is same as Example 1, and the principle is described in FIG. 4.
Example 3
As shown in FIG. 5, a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 1 except that stacking sequence of a first compensation film and a second compensation film is reversed.
Same as Example 1, whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film and a first compensation film shown in Table 1. The result is same as Example 1.
The principle is shown in FIG. 6. FIG 6 is same as the principle shown in FIG 2 except that elliptical polarization which has passed through a polymer base film keeps its polarization state when passing through the second compensation film, and converted into linear polarization when passing through the first compensation film because phase difference modulation is compensated by the first compensation film.
Example 4
As shown in FIG. 7, a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 1 except that a slow axis of a polymer base film is 45° clockwise from a transmission layer of the polarizer, and a slow axis of a first compensation film is orthogonal to the slow axis of the first compensation film, that is, 45° counterclockwise from the transmission layer of the polarizer.
Table 2 shows whether the ghost effect occurs or not according to in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film.
Table 2
In-plane retardation of a polymer base film In-plane retardation of a first compensation film
10nm 30nm 60nm
0nm Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅹ
10nm Ⅹ Ⅹ △
20nm Ⅹ Ⅹ △
50nm △ Ⅹ Ⅹ
80nm ○ △ Ⅹ
100nm ○ ○ △
○:normal, △:considerably reduced, Ⅹ:not occurred
As shown in Table 2, the ghost effect is considerably reduced when the difference between the in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film is not more than 50nm, and the ghost effect is not occurred when the difference between the in-plane retardations of the polymer base film and the first compensation film is not more than 30nm. This is based on the principle shown in FIG. 8.
Example 5
As shown in FIG 9, a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 2 except that a slow axis of a polymer base film is 45° clockwise from a transmission layer of the polarizer, and a slow axis of a first compensation film is orthogonal to the slow axis of the first compensation film, that is, 45° counterclockwise from the transmission layer of the polarizer.
Same as Example 4, whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film and a first compensation film shown in Table 2. The result is same as Example 4, and the principle is described in FIG. 10.
Example 6
As shown in FIG 11, a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 3 except that a slow axis of a polymer base film is 45° clockwise from a transmission layer of the polarizer, and a slow axis of a first compensation film is orthogonal to the slow axis of the first compensation film, that is, 45° counterclockwise from the transmission layer of the polarizer.
Whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film and a first compensation film shown in Table 2. The result is same as Example 4, and the principle is described in FIG. 12.
Example 7
As shown in FIG. 13, a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 1 except that stacking sequence of a retarder patterns and a polymer base film of an image display is reversed.
Whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film and a first compensation film shown in Table 2. The result is same as Example 4, and the principle is described in FIG. 14.
Example 8
As shown in FIG. 15, a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 7 except that stacking sequence of a first compensation film and a second compensation film is reversed.
Whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film and a first compensation film shown in Table 2. The result is same as Example 4, and the principle is described in FIG. 16.
Example 9
As shown in FIG. 17, a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 2 except that stacking sequence of retarder patterns and a polymer base film is reversed.
Whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film and a first compensation film shown in Table 2. The result is same as Example 4.
The principle is shown in FIG. 18. Polarization of light emitted from a light source is converted into linear polarization when passing through a polarizer, the linear polarization is converted into elliptical polarization when passing through a polymer base film, the directions of elliptical polarizations of a left eye image and a right eye image are opposite from each other when passing through retarder patterns, the elliptical polarization is converted into circular polarization when passing through a first compensation film because phase difference modulation is compensated by the first compensation film. The circular polarization is converted into linear polarization when passing through the second compensation film in the pair of polarization eyeglasses. In this case, two linearly polarized lights which are orthogonal to each other are made incident to the left eye and the right eye simultaneously. However, the linearly polarized light which is parallel to the transmission axis passes through while the linearly polarized light which is orthogonal to the transmission axis is blocked. Therefore, the present invention can implement three-dimensional image without the ghost effect.
Example 10
As shown in FIG 19, a display apparatus set for three-dimensional image is implemented same as Example 1 except that a first compensation film is omitted.
Whether the ghost effect occurs or not is checked with in-plane retardations of a polymer base film of 80nn, 100nm, 110nm, 140nm, 150nm, and 200nm. The ghost effects are occurred in every case in result and the ghost effect went strong with higher in-plane retardations.
The principle for the ghost effect in Example 10 is shown in FIG. 20. Light is converted into linear polarization when passing through a polarizer, the linear polarization is converted into circular polarization when passing through retarder patterns, and the directions of circular polarizations of a left eye image and a right eye image are reversed.
The circular polarization is converted into elliptical polarization when passing through a polymer base film and made incident to a pair of polarization eyeglasses. As a result, the light which is not parallel to the transmission axis of a polarizer of the pair of polarization eyeglasses is not completely blocked. Therefore, a left eye image can be seen by the right eye, and vice-versa. This is called a ghost effect, which deteriorates quality of three-dimensional images.

Claims (10)

  1. A display apparatus set for implementing three-dimensional image, comprising:
    an image display having retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film, wherein the retarder patterns formed on a polymer base film is placed on where light that has passed through a polarizer of an upper polarizing plate passes through; and
    a pair of polarization eyeglasses to receive an image from the image display and to provide three-dimensional image for a viewer;
    wherein either the image display or the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises a first compensation film that is placed on where light that has passed through the retarder patterns formed on the polymer base film passes through, and
    wherein a difference between an in-plane retardation of the polymer base film and an in-plane retardation of the first compensation film is not more than 50nm.
  2. The display apparatus set of claim 1, wherein the image display is configured that light which has passed through the polarizer passes through the polymer base film, and the light which has passed through the polymer base film passes through the retarder patterns.
  3. The display apparatus set of claim 1, wherein the image display is configured that light which has passed through the polarizer passes through the retarder patterns, and the light which has passed through the retarder patterns passes through the polymer base film.
  4. The display apparatus set of claim 1, wherein the difference between the in-plane retardation of the polymer base film and the in-plane retardation of the first compensation film is not more than 30nm.
  5. The display apparatus set of claim 1, wherein a slow axis of the first compensation film is orthogonal to a slow axis of the polymer base film.
  6. The display apparatus set of claim 1, wherein each of the in-plane retardations of the first compensation film and the polymer base film is not less than 5nm.
  7. The display apparatus set of claim 1, wherein the first compensation film and the polymer base film are independently made of one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyester, cellulose, polycarbonates, acryl, styrene, vinyl chloride, amide, sulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol, vinylidene chloride, vinylbutyral, allylate, polyoxymethylene and epoxy.
  8. The display apparatus set of claim 1, wherein the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises:
    the first compensation film;
    a second compensation film laminated on the first compensation film and configured to convert polarization of light which has passed through the first compensation film into linear polarization; and
    a polarizer laminated on the second compensation film.
  9. The display apparatus set of claim 1, wherein the pair of polarization eyeglasses comprises:
    a second compensation configured to convert polarization of light which has emitted from the image display into linear polarization;
    the first compensation film laminated on the second compensation film; and
    a polarizer laminated on the first compensation film.
  10. The display apparatus set of claim 9, the first compensation film is to convert polarization of light which has passed through the second compensation film but has not been fully polarized linearly into linear polarization.
PCT/KR2011/001858 2010-03-23 2011-03-17 Display apparatus set for three-dimensional image WO2011118936A2 (en)

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KR10-2010-0025931 2010-03-23
KR1020100025931A KR101294221B1 (en) 2010-03-23 2010-03-23 Polarizing plate for forming stereoscopic and display apparatus comprising the same
KR1020100026214A KR101330099B1 (en) 2010-03-24 2010-03-24 Display apparatus set for forming stereoscopic
KR10-2010-0026214 2010-03-24

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US20030137626A1 (en) * 2002-01-18 2003-07-24 Marina Khazova Method of making a passive patterned retarder and retarder made by such a method
US20060285026A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2006-12-21 Colorlink, Inc. Stereoscopic Eyewear

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JP3360787B2 (en) * 1996-12-02 2002-12-24 シャープ株式会社 3D display device
KR100449879B1 (en) * 2003-08-18 2004-09-22 주식회사 참비전 Three-dimensional image display apparatus
GB2453751B (en) * 2007-10-17 2012-09-26 Au Optronics Corp Stereoscopic display apparatus
TWI414823B (en) * 2008-09-05 2013-11-11 Au Optronics Corp Three-dimensional display device, fabricating method and contraol method thereof

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US20030137626A1 (en) * 2002-01-18 2003-07-24 Marina Khazova Method of making a passive patterned retarder and retarder made by such a method
US20060285026A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2006-12-21 Colorlink, Inc. Stereoscopic Eyewear

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