WO2011117453A1

WO2011117453A1 - Use of compounds with a 2-cyclopentenone structure for the inhibition of enzymes of the family of aldo-keto reductases

Info

Publication number: WO2011117453A1
Application number: PCT/ES2011/070201
Authority: WO
Inventors: María Dolores PÉREZ-SALA GOZALO; Beatriz DÍEZ DACAL
Original assignee: Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic)
Priority date: 2010-03-25
Filing date: 2011-03-25
Publication date: 2011-09-29
Also published as: ES2365587B1; ES2365587A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a series of compounds having a 2-cyclopentenone nucleus substituted by alkyl and alkenyl chains that are proven inhibitors of aldo-keto reductase (AKR) enzymes, specifically AKR1 B1 and AKR1 B10. Consequently, the compounds of the invention can be used for the treatment of pathological conditions or diseases involving said enzymes.

Description

Use of compounds with 2-cyclopentenone structure for the inhibition of enzymes of the aido-keto reductases family.

STATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE

Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) constitute a super-ammonium of enzymes that catalyze the oxidoreduction of a wide variety of substrates dependent on NAD (P) (H). Among the enzymes of this family, aldose reductase (AKR1 B1) catalyzes the conversion of glucose to sorbitol and it has been shown that said enzyme plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response, probably through its ability to generate lipid aldehydes with effect proinflammatory [Ramana et al., Circulation 2006, 1 14, 1838-46]. AKR1 B1 also has very important implications in the development of diabetic complications. In situations of hyperglycemia, as in diabetes, there is an increase in the conversion of glucose into sorbitol catalyzed by AKR1 B1. The appearance of diabetic complications has been attributed to an increased generation of sorbitol that can have toxic effects and lead to osmotic stress. On the other hand, the increased flow through this pathway, which is known as the polyol pathway, can lead to imbalances in NADPH or NADH levels and the production of oxidative stress, which can also contribute to the pathogenesis of The complications of diabetes. The connection between diabetic complications and the pathogenic role of AKR has been explored especially in models of neuropathy, nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. In fact, this protein is a key target for the development of drugs that reduce these complications [Oates, Curr. Drug Targets, 2008, 9, 14-36].

Other enzymes in this family, such as AKR1 B10, have implications for the development of tumors or their resistance to anticancer agents. It has been found that the expression of AKR1 B10 is elevated in certain types of tumors, which is why it is currently considered a tumor marker. It has also been shown that the inhibition of AKR1 B10 or the reduction of its expression has an antitumor effect in cellular models [Yan et al., Int. J. Cancer, 2007, 121, 2301-6], so that the search for inhibitors of this enzyme is an active field of investigation.

The range of enzyme inhibitor compounds of the aldoketo reductases family that have been described over time is very wide. Among the available inhibitors of AKR1 B1 are sorbinil, tolrestat and zopolrestat. IC ₅₀ concentrations of these inhibitors are in the micromolar range. For example, sorbinil and tolrestat have IC50 of 3.6 μΜ and 0.4 μΜ, respectively. In the case of AKR1 B10, IC50 of 8 μΜ for Zopolrestat and 100 μΜ for sorbinil have been described. However, despite the large battery of compounds that have been explored as potential inhibitors of these enzymes, to date many of the compounds developed have proved ineffective in clinical trials or have presented multiple adverse effects that have prevented their use in clinic. The compound known as Epalrestat has been used in clinical trials in Japan, apparently with good results in some patient groups. For example, a protective effect against the development of diabetic retinopathy has been documented, although it did not produce improvement once established. It has also shown positive effects in some studies in diabetic neuropathy. It has been proposed that the Ranirestat compound may also have clinical utility in the future, however the available evidence is inconclusive and there is still some controversy regarding the possible use of clinically available inhibitors.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the use of compounds containing cyclopentenone structure to inhibit the activity of enzymes of the aldose reductases family both in vitro and in cells or organisms. In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a compound of formula (I)

where

R and R2 are independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl groups with a carbon number between 1 and 10,

R ₃ is selected from hydrogen or -OH,

represents a link that can be single or double

or its isomers, salts or solvates,

for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of a disease or condition mediated by an aldo-keto reductase.

The term "alkyl" refers, in the present invention, to radicals of hydrocarbon chains, linear or branched, having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 7, and which are attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, / -propyl, n-butyl, tere-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, etc. The alkyl groups may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents such as halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxyl, carbonyl, cyano, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, amine, nitro, mercapto and alkylthio.

The term "alkenyl" refers to hydrocarbon chain radicals containing one or more double carbon-carbon bonds, for example, vinyl, 1-propenyl, allyl, isoprenyl, 2-butenyl, 1, 3-butadienyl etc. The radicals Alkenyls may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents such as halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxyl, cyano, carbonyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, nitro, mercapto and alkylthio.

The active structure of the compounds with cyclopentenone structure is an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl that determines the presence of electrophilic carbons capable of undergoing attacks by nucleophilic groups such as thiols in proteins and giving rise to covalent adducts known as adducts. from Michael.

The compounds of the present invention represented by formula (I) may include isomers, depending on the presence of multiple bonds (eg, Z, E), including optical isomers or enantiomers, depending on the presence of chiral centers. The individual isomers, enantiomers or diastereoisomers and mixtures thereof fall within the scope of the present invention, that is, the term isomer also refers to any mixture of isomers, such as diastereomers, racemic, etc., even their optically isomers. assets or mixtures in different proportions thereof. The individual enantiomers or diastereoisomers, as well as mixtures thereof, can be separated by conventional techniques.

The compounds of the invention may be in crystalline form as free compounds or as solvates. In this sense, the term "solvate", as used herein, includes both pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, that is, solvates of the compound of formula (I) that can be used in the manufacture of a medicament, as pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, which may be useful in the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable solvates or salts. The nature of the pharmaceutically acceptable solvate is not critical as long as it is pharmaceutically acceptable. In a particular embodiment, the solvate is a hydrate. Solvates can be obtained by conventional methods of solvation known by the subject matter experts.

For their application in therapy, the compounds of formula (I), their salts or solvates, will preferably be found in a pharmaceutically acceptable or substantially pure form, that is, having a pharmaceutically acceptable level of purity excluding normal pharmaceutical additives such as diluents and carriers, and not including material considered toxic at normal dosage levels. The purity levels for the active ingredient are preferably greater than 50%, more preferably greater than 70%, and still more preferably greater than 90%. In a preferred embodiment, they are greater than 95% of the compound of formula (I), or of its salts or solvates.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the compound with cyclopentenone structure is a prostaglandin of the PGA1 type, or some of its isomers or derivatives.

Preferably, the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) is selected from the following group:

or its isomers, salts or solvates,

Therefore, the compounds of formula (I) described can be used as inhibitors of aldo-keto reductases in diseases and pathological conditions in which these enzymes are overexpressed, such as inflammatory processes, neuropathies, nephropathies and diabetic retinopathies, tumors or resistance from tumors to treatment with anticancer agents.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for combating diabetic complications.

Another preferred embodiment of this invention is the use of compounds of formula (i) to inhibit aldose reductase in tumor processes in which this enzyme is overexpressed, in addition to being used as therapy. adjuvant to anticancer treatment together with a chemotherapeutic agent.

Since the compounds described herein interact with enzymes at a different site than most of the available inhibitors, the compounds of formula (I) can be used in the preparation of mixed inhibitors that combine various types of structures to increase potency or the specificity of the inhibition.

Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1. Inhibition of AKR1 B1 {aldose reductase, AR) by increasing concentrations of PGA1 in vitro.

Figure 2. Shows the inhibition of AKR1 B1 by various compounds in vitro.

Figure 3. Shows the inhibition of AKR1 B10 in COS7 cells. (A) COS7 cells transfected with an AKR1 B10 expression plasmid (B) COS7 cells transfected with "empty" expression plasmids or with the cDNAs of wild or mutated AKR1 B10 in cysteine 298.

Figure 4. Shows the inhibition of endogenous aldose reductase activity in lung carcinoma cells A549. EXAMPLES

The invention will now be illustrated by tests carried out by the inventors, which shows the specificity and effectiveness of the compounds of formula (I) as inhibitors of AKR enzymes.

Example 1. inhibition of ia AKR1 B1 ín Vitro.

The recombinant AKR1 B1, obtained from the Wako Chemicals, USA, was incubated at a concentration of 5 μΜ in 0.5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0 with 100 μΜ DTT and 1% glycerol, in the presence of vehicle (DMSO ) or PGA1 at the concentrations indicated for 2 h at room temperature in 100 μΙ of final volume. The incubation mixture was then diluted with 900 μΙ of assay buffer and the enzymatic activity was determined as described below (Figure 1).

The recombinant AKR1 B1 was incubated, as described above, in the presence of vehicle or of the indicated compounds at a concentration of 50 μΜ, except fenofibrate and cyclopentenone (CP) which were used at 100 μΜ, and 15-deoxy-PGJ2 (15d -PGJ2) which was used at 10 μΜ, for 2 h at room temperature and then the enzymatic activity was determined (Figure 2).

Example 2. Inhibition of the aidosa keto reductase (AKR1 B10) expressed in COS-7 cells by compounds with cyclopentenone structure of the type of ia PGA1.

COS7 cells are cultured in DMEM medium with 10% (v / v) fetal serum and streptomycin penicillin antibiotics.

The expression plasmid of the AKR1 B10 was obtained from the Origene trading house. The ORF of the AKR1 B10 obtained from this plasmid has been cloned into the plasmid pECFL-KZ-AU5. The resulting construction pECFL-KZ-AU5- AKR1 B10 is an expression vector for mammalian cells of the enzyme AKR1 B10 with an AU5 epitope at its N-terminal end. This vector or the empty vector has been transfected into COS7 cells using the Lipofectamine 2000 reagent following the manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen).

After 24 hours the transfected cells have been incubated in the presence of the compounds with cyclopentenone PGA1 or biotinylated structure (PGA1-B) at 60 μΜ or with vehicle only (DMSO). After 24 hours of treatment the cells have been lysed and the cytosolic fractions (S100) have been obtained by ultracentrifugation at 200,000xg for 30 min.

The aldose reductase activity present in these fractions has been determined by a colorimetric assay using D, L-glyceraldehyde as a substrate. The reagent concentrations in the assay have been: 100 mM Sodium Phosphate Buffer pH 6.8, 200 μΜ NADPH, 10 mM D, L-glyceraldehyde, 50 pg total protein (cytosolic fraction).

After 20 minutes at room temperature, absorption at 340 nm has been measured to monitor the decrease in NADPH concentration, which gives the measure of enzymatic activity.

Under these conditions, PGA1 induces a decrease in aldose reductase activity in these cells of approximately 50% for a 60 μΜ concentration of the compound (Figure 3).

The compound with cyclopentenone structure PGA1 -B, which consists of a molecule of PGA1 to which a biotin molecule has been linked by a spacer, shows an inhibitory effect similar to that of PGA1 (Figure 3).

Example 3. Inhibition of aldose keto-reductase activity in lung carcinoma cells A549 A549 lung carcinoma cells (ref ATCC) are grown in RPMI medium with 10% (v / v) fetal serum and antibiotics gentamicin and penicillin / streptomycin.

These cells express various proteins of the aldose keto-reductases family and possess measurable aldose reductase activity by spectrophotometric assay using NADPH and D, L-glyceraldehyde.

These cells have been incubated in the presence of compounds with a cyclopentenone structure under the following conditions: PGA1 and PGA1 -B at a concentration of 60 μΜ or only with vehicle (DMSO) for 24 hours.

After incubation, the cytosolic cell fractions (S100) were obtained as detailed in Example 1 and the aldose reductase activity present was determined by the spectrophotometric assay described above.

Inhibition of endogenous aldose keto-reductase activity of approximately 50% has been observed after treatment of the cells with 60 μΜ PGA1 and PGA1 -B compared to vehicle treated cells (Figure 4).

Claims

one . Use of a compound of formula (I):

(I)

where

Ri and _R2 are independently alkyl groups or substituted or unsubstituted with carbon numbers from 1 to 10, R3 is selected from hydrogen or -OH alkenyl,

---------- represents a link that can be single or double

or its isomers, salts or solvates,

for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of a disease or condition mediated by an aldo-keto reductase, wherein said disease or condition is selected from inflammatory processes, neuropathies, nephropathies and diabetic retinopathies, tumors or tumor resistance to treatment with anticancer agents.

2. Use according to claim 1 wherein R ₁ is an alkyl or alkenyl chain substituted by a -COOH group at its C terminal.

3. Use according to any of claims 1 or 2 wherein the aldo-keto reductase is selected from AKR1 B1 or AKR1 B10.

4. Use of a compound that is selected from the following group:

or its isomers, salts or solvates, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of a disease or condition mediated by an aldo-keto reductase.

5. Use of a compound of formula (I) according to the preceding claims as an aldo-keto reductases enzyme inhibitor in biological assays.