WO2011114446A1

WO2011114446A1 - Vehicle drive device

Info

Publication number: WO2011114446A1
Application number: PCT/JP2010/054484
Authority: WO
Inventors: 玲佳根岸; 伸一竹内; 勝也小林; 健貝野; 亮鈴木
Original assignee: トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority date: 2010-03-17
Filing date: 2010-03-17
Publication date: 2011-09-22

Abstract

Disclosed is a vehicle drive device provided with at least one drive power source (1), a constant mesh transmission (3), and a clutch (2) which is disengaged or engaged so as to cut off or allow power transmission from the drive power source (1) to the transmission (3) and configured to shift gears of the transmission (3) in response to a human manipulation. In order to reduce the possibility of giving a driver a feeling of strangeness of deceleration in the process of shifting gears of the transmission (3) while the clutch (2) is disengaged under deceleration of a vehicle, the vehicle drive device is provided with a motor (4) for inputting positive or negative drive power to front wheels (6, 6) without the clutch (2), and an ECU (100) for controlling the output torque of the motor (4). The ECU (100) controls the output torque of the motor (4) such that the vehicle deceleration before the shift of gears is maintained in the process of disengaging the clutch (2) and shifting gears of the transmission (3) under deceleration of the vehicle.

Description

Vehicle drive device

According to the present invention, at least one driving force source (for example, an engine or an electric motor) that generates driving force for traveling, a constantly meshing transmission, and power transmission from the driving force source to the transmission are cut off or The present invention relates to a vehicle drive device that includes a clutch that is disengaged or connected to allow, and that changes the gear position of the transmission in response to a human operation.

For example, Patent Document 1 describes a hybrid vehicle configured to transmit engine driving force and / or motor driving force to driving wheels via a manual transmission.

The manual transmission is generally a constantly meshing transmission with a synchromesh mechanism, and is configured to include a large number of gear stages (a combination of a drive gear and a driven gear). This manual transmission is configured to establish an appropriate gear in response to a driver's shift change operation.

Generally, in a shift change (shift down or shift up), an operation of temporarily disengaging the clutch, an operation of changing the gear stage of the transmission, and an operation of engaging the clutch are continuously performed.

In this type of transmission, the low speed gear stage is heavier than the high speed gear stage. Due to this relationship, for example, during the process of changing the gear stage of the transmission (shifting down or up) during the deceleration of the vehicle speed caused by the accelerator off, the gear inertia of the transmission changes. The deceleration changes compared to before the gear stage change.

For example, when the gear stage change is downshifted, the gear inertia of the transmission increases, so the vehicle deceleration increases, and the driver tends to be drawn. On the other hand, when the gear stage change is shifted up, the gear inertia of the transmission is reduced, so that the deceleration of the vehicle is reduced, and the driver tends to feel popping out.

For example, Patent Document 2 discloses a hybrid car in which an engine is coupled to an electric motor and a generator in a parallel manner and is further connected to a gear shift transmission via a clutch. The engine output shaft rotation speed and the gear shift transmission input shaft rotation speed are synchronized by controlling the engine to generate power and decreasing the engine rotation speed or by operating the electric motor to increase the engine rotation speed. Is described. The gear shift transmission is considered to be the same as the manual transmission described above.

JP-A-11-257117 JP 2006-176098 A

In the conventional example according to Patent Document 1 described above, for example, in the process of changing the gear stage of the transmission (shifting down or up) during deceleration of the vehicle speed due to accelerator off, the deceleration of the vehicle speed is Since it changes compared to before the gear stage change, there is a risk of giving the driver a sense of incongruity of deceleration. There is room for improvement here.

In the conventional example according to Patent Document 2, it is described that the engine rotational speed is controlled to increase or decrease using an electric motor or a generator at the time of a shift change. However, as described above, in the process of performing a shift change while the vehicle speed is being reduced. It does not describe that the deceleration of the vehicle speed changes due to the change of the gear inertia of the transmission.

In view of such circumstances, the present invention cuts off power transmission from the driving force source to the transmission, at least one driving force source that generates driving force for traveling, a constantly meshing transmission, and the transmission. In a vehicle drive device having a clutch that is disengaged or connected to allow, and that changes the gear stage of the transmission in response to a human operation, the gear is changed with the clutch disengaged while the vehicle speed is being reduced. The purpose is to reduce the possibility of giving the driver a sense of incongruity during the process of changing the gear stage of the aircraft.

The present invention includes at least one driving force source that generates a driving force of a vehicle, a constantly meshing transmission, and disconnection or coupling so as to cut off or allow power transmission from the driving force source to the transmission. A vehicle drive device configured to change a gear stage of the transmission in response to a human operation, for inputting positive or negative torque to a wheel without the clutch. An electric motor and a control unit for controlling the output of the electric motor, wherein the control unit changes the gear stage of the transmission in a state in which the clutch is disengaged during deceleration of the vehicle speed. The output of the electric motor is controlled so as to maintain the deceleration of the vehicle speed before the step change.

It should be noted that the process of changing the gear position of the transmission with the clutch disengaged is a period during which a shift change such as downshift or upshift is performed.

Here, in the above configuration, if the gear stage is changed during deceleration of the vehicle speed, the gear inertia of the transmission after the change is increased or decreased with respect to that before the change, and accordingly, the deceleration of the vehicle speed after the change is reduced. It will change compared to before the change.

Therefore, in the above-described configuration, in the process of changing the gear stage during the deceleration of the vehicle speed, a positive torque or a negative torque is generated by the electric motor so as to maintain the deceleration of the vehicle speed before the gear stage change. As a result, in the process of changing the gear stage during deceleration of the vehicle speed, a positive driving force or a negative driving force (rotational resistance) is input to the power transmission path from the transmission to the wheels. Since the change in speed is suppressed, the possibility of giving the driver a sense of incongruity such as a feeling of pulling in the vehicle or a feeling of popping out decreases.

Preferably, in the process of changing the gear stage, the control unit reduces the output torque of the electric motor so as to suppress the deceleration due to the increase of the gear inertia of the transmission before the change or the acceleration due to the decrease of the gear inertia. It can be configured to control.

Here, in the above configuration, when the change of the gear stage is to be shifted down, the change in the vehicle inertia after the change is greater than that before the change as the gear inertia after the change increases compared to before the change. growing.

Therefore, in the above-described configuration, a positive torque can be output by the electric motor so as to cancel the increase in the gear inertia during the shift-down process during deceleration of the vehicle speed. As a result, an increase in the deceleration of the vehicle speed is suppressed in the shift-down process, and the possibility of giving the driver a feeling of pulling in the vehicle is reduced.

On the other hand, when the gear stage change is shifted up, the vehicle inertia after the change becomes smaller than that before the change as the gear inertia after the change is reduced as compared with that before the change.

Therefore, in the above configuration, the negative torque can be output by the electric motor so as to cancel out the reduction of the gear inertia during the shift-up process during deceleration of the vehicle speed. As a result, in the shift-up process, it is possible to suppress a reduction in the vehicle speed, and thus the possibility of giving the driver a feeling of jumping out of the vehicle is reduced.

Preferably, the control unit obtains and stores a deceleration of the vehicle speed immediately before the clutch is disconnected during deceleration of the vehicle speed, and performs the shift in a state where the clutch is disconnected during the deceleration of the vehicle speed. It is possible to obtain a vehicle speed deceleration in the process of changing the gear stage of the machine, and to perform feedback control of the electric motor so as to cancel the deviation between the obtained value and the stored value.

In this configuration, although there is a slight response delay due to feedback control of the motor, it is possible to suppress a change in the deceleration of the vehicle speed during the gear change process during the deceleration of the vehicle speed with a relatively simple process. become.

Preferably, in the vehicle drive device, the output of the transmission is transmitted to a front wheel of the vehicle via a differential, and the installation location of the electric motor is from the output side of the clutch to the input side of the transmission. A power transmission path, a front wheel axle to which vehicle driving force generated by the driving force source is transmitted, a rear wheel axle to which vehicle driving force generated by the driving force source is not transmitted, and an output side of the transmission To any one of the power transmission paths from the differential input side.

Here, after clarifying that the vehicle is a front-wheel drive type, the installation location of the motor is clarified.

Preferably, in the vehicle drive device, the output of the transmission is transmitted to a rear wheel of the vehicle via a differential, and the installation location of the motor is from the output side of the clutch to the input side of the transmission. Power transmission path to the vehicle, a front wheel axle to which the vehicle driving force generated by the driving force source is not transmitted, a rear wheel axle to which the vehicle driving force generated by the driving force source is transmitted, and an output of the transmission One of the power transmission paths from the side to the differential input side.

Here, it is clarified that the vehicle is a rear-wheel drive type, and the installation location of the motor is clarified.

The present invention maintains the deceleration of the vehicle speed before the gear stage change in the process of changing the gear stage of the transmission while the clutch is disconnected during deceleration of the vehicle speed. The possibility of giving a sense of incongruity of deceleration can be reduced.

It is a schematic structure figure showing one embodiment of a vehicle drive device concerning the present invention. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the clutch of FIG. FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram showing a schematic configuration of the transmission of FIG. 1. It is sectional drawing which shows the upper half of the synchromesh mechanism of FIG. It is a top view which shows the action | operation mechanism of the synchromesh mechanism of FIG. It is a top view which shows the shift gate of the shift lever of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the input / output element to ECU of FIG. It is a timing chart regarding accelerator-off and shift-down by the vehicle drive device of this embodiment. It is a timing chart regarding accelerator-off and shift-up by the vehicle drive device of this embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows other embodiment of the vehicle drive device which concerns on this invention.

Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 to FIG. 9 show an embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle drive apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is a front wheel drive (FF) type. The driving force generated by the engine 1 mounted on the vehicle and the positive or negative torque generated by the motor 4 can be transmitted to the left and right front wheels 6 and 6 of the vehicle.

The driving force generated in the engine 1 is input to the transmission 3 via the clutch 2 and is transmitted to the left and right front wheels 6 and 6 via the transmission 3 and the differential 5. The positive or negative torque generated by the motor 4 can be transmitted to the front wheels 6 and 6 even when the clutch 2 is disengaged.

In the illustrated example, the front wheels 6 and 6 are drive wheels, and the

rear wheels

7 and 7 are driven wheels. The driving force of the vehicle generated by the engine 1 and the motor 4 is controlled by an electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as ECU) 100. The ECU 100 corresponds to a control unit described in the claims.

The crankshaft 1a that is the output shaft of the engine 1 is connected to the flywheel 21 (see FIG. 2) of the clutch 2. The rotational speed of the crankshaft 1a (engine rotational speed Ne) is detected by an engine rotational speed sensor 501.

The amount of air taken into the engine 1 is adjusted by an electronically controlled throttle valve 11. The electronically controlled throttle valve 11 has a throttle opening in response to the operation of the accelerator pedal 13 by the driver, and can arbitrarily control the throttle opening independently of the operation of the accelerator pedal 13. It has become.

The amount of depression of the accelerator pedal 13 by the driver (accelerator opening) is detected by an accelerator opening sensor 505. When the driver turns off the accelerator, that is, when the depression amount of the accelerator pedal 13 is made zero, the output of the accelerator opening sensor 505 becomes zero. In this case, generally, in order to prevent engine stall, a throttle valve The opening of 11 is set to the idle opening without being fully closed.

The throttle valve 11 is operated by a throttle motor 12, and the throttle motor 12 is controlled by the ECU 100. As the throttle control operation of the ECU 100, the throttle opening that provides the optimum intake air amount (target intake air amount) according to the operating state of the engine 1, such as the engine speed Ne detected by the engine speed sensor 501 and the accelerator opening, is obtained. The throttle motor 12 is controlled so as to have a degree (target throttle opening). The throttle motor 12 is feedback controlled so that the actual throttle opening detected by the throttle opening sensor 502 matches the target throttle opening. The water temperature (cooling water temperature) of the engine 1 is detected by a water temperature sensor 506.

The clutch 2 is a known dry single-plate friction clutch, and includes a flywheel 21, a clutch disk 22, a pressure plate 23, a diaphragm spring 24, a clutch cover 25, and the like, as shown in FIG. The clutch 2 is disconnected or engaged through the ECU 100 and the clutch operating device 26 in response to the depression operation of the clutch pedal 14 by the driver.

The depression operation state of the clutch pedal 14 is detected by the ECU 100 based on outputs from the clutch upper switch 510 and the clutch lower switch 511. Both switches 510 and 511 are normally-off switches. The clutch upper switch 510 is turned on when the clutch pedal 14 is located in the range from the disengagement start position of the clutch 2 to the depression stop position, and the clutch lower switch 511 is stopped when the clutch pedal 14 is depressed from the complete disengagement position of the clutch 2. Turns on when positioned within the range up to the position.

Therefore, the ECU 100 determines that the clutch pedal 14 is not depressed when the clutch upper switch 510 is off and the clutch lower switch 511 is off, or that the clutch upper switch 510 is on and the clutch lower switch 511 is off. If the clutch pedal 14 is half-clutch operated, and the clutch upper switch 510 is on and the clutch lower switch 511 is on, the clutch pedal 14 is fully disengaged. Judge each one.

The clutch operating device 26 includes a release bearing 261, a release fork 262, a hydraulic clutch actuator 263, and the like. The clutch actuator 263 is, for example, a direct acting cylinder. The hydraulic pressure control circuit 264 controls the supply amount of the hydraulic pressure to the clutch actuator 263, and the supply amount of the hydraulic pressure is controlled by the ECU 100. The clutch actuator 263 can be an electric actuator.

The clutch operating device 26 displaces the pressure plate 23 of the clutch 2 in the axial direction by operating the release fork 262 by the clutch actuator 263 and moving the release bearing 261 in the axial direction on the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3. Then, the clutch disk 22 is strongly clamped between the pressure plate 23 and the flywheel 21 (engaged state) or separated (disconnected state), or the clutch disk 22 is slid while being slid. So-called half-clutch).

When the clutch 2 is engaged, the driving force generated by the engine 1 is transmitted to the transmission 3. The torque transmitted from the engine 1 to the transmission 3 via the clutch 2 in accordance with the transmission of the driving force is called “clutch torque”. This clutch torque is almost “0” when the clutch 2 is disengaged, and increases as the clutch 2 is gradually engaged and the slip of the clutch disk 22 decreases, and finally the clutch 2 is completely engaged. If it does, it will correspond with the rotational torque of the crankshaft 1a.

The actual engagement / disengagement state of the clutch 2 is recognized by the ECU 100 based on the output of the clutch stroke sensor 512. The clutch stroke sensor 512 detects an electric signal corresponding to the stroke amount of the piston rod 263a of the clutch actuator 263 and inputs it to the ECU 100.

The transmission 3 is a known constant mesh transmission, and is configured to be able to select, for example, six forward speeds and one reverse speed. As shown in FIG. 3, the transmission 3 mainly includes an input shaft 31, an output shaft 32, six sets of forward gears 331 to 336 having different reduction ratios, one set of reverse gears 337, three synchros.

Mesh mechanisms

34A, 34B, 34C, etc. are provided.

The input shaft 31 is connected to the crankshaft 1a of the engine 1 through the clutch 2. The output shaft 32 is engaged with a ring gear (also referred to as a final driven gear) 51 of the differential 5 via a final drive gear 35.

The rotational speed Ni of the input shaft 31 (the output side rotational speed of the clutch 2) is detected by the input shaft rotational speed sensor 503. Further, the rotational speed of the output shaft 32 is detected by an output shaft rotational speed sensor 504. Based on the rotation speed ratio (output rotation speed / input rotation speed) obtained from the output signals of the input shaft rotation speed sensor 503 and the output shaft rotation speed sensor 504, the current gear stage (actual shift position) of the transmission 3 is determined. Can be determined. Output signals of the input shaft rotational speed sensor 503 and the output shaft rotational speed sensor 504 are input to the ECU 100.

The forward gear stages 331 to 336 are configured by combining drive gears 331a to 336a externally mounted on the input shaft 31 side and driven gears 331b to 336b externally mounted on the output shaft 32 side. The drive gears 331a to 336a and the driven gears 331b to 336b are meshed with each other.

The first-speed and second-speed drive gears 331a and 332a are attached so as to rotate integrally with the input shaft 31, while the third to sixth-speed drive gears 333a to 336a are provided with bearings (for example, cage and cage) on the input shaft 31. It is attached so as to be capable of relative rotation via a roller.

The 1st and 2nd speed driven

gears

331b and 332b are attached to the output shaft 32 through bearings (for example, cage and rollers) so as to be relatively rotatable, but the 3rd to 6th speed driven gears 333b to 336b are output. The shaft 32 is attached so as to rotate integrally. The reverse gear stage 337 includes a reverse drive gear 337a, a reverse driven gear 337b, a reverse idler gear 337c, and the like.

The three

synchromesh mechanisms

34A, 34B, and 34C are the 1-2 shift synchromesh mechanism 34A, the 3-4 shift synchromesh mechanism 34B, and the 5-6 shift synchromesh mechanism 34C, respectively. It has become. Since these synchromesh mechanisms 34A to 34C have a known configuration, they will be briefly described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, the 1-2 shift synchromesh mechanism 34A is shown as a representative.

The 1-2 shift synchromesh mechanism 34A includes a sleeve 341, two synchronizer rings 342, 343, a shifting key 344, a clutch hub 345, and the like.

The clutch hub 345 is fitted to the output shaft 32 of the transmission 3 by a spline (not shown) and rotates integrally with the output shaft 32. The sleeve 341 is fitted to the outer periphery of the clutch hub 345 by its inner peripheral spline (not shown). The sleeve 341 is moved in the shift direction (X direction or Y direction) by a shift fork 361 of an operating mechanism 36 described later.

When the first synchronizer ring 342 is pressed in the X direction by the sleeve 341, for example, the cone surface of the first synchronizer ring 342 is idling on the output shaft 32 at a rotational speed synchronized with the input shaft 31. It contacts the cone surface of the driven gear 331b of the first gear stage 331 for use.

When the second synchronizer ring 343 is pressed in the Y direction, for example, by the sleeve 341, the cone surface of the second synchronizer ring 343 is idled at a rotational speed synchronized with the input shaft 31 on the output shaft 32. It contacts the cone surface of the driven gear 332b of the second gear stage 332 for use. On the outer periphery of both the synchronizer rings 342 and 343, outer peripheral splines are formed that mesh with the inner peripheral splines of the sleeve 341. The shifting key 344 is fitted to the inner peripheral spline of the sleeve 341, and, for example, presses the end surface of the first synchronizer ring 342 in the X direction at the beginning of movement in the X direction.

The operation of the 1-2 shift synchromesh mechanism 34A is known, but when the sleeve 341 is in the position shown in FIG. 4, the transmission 3 is in the neutral state, and the sleeve 341 is moved in the X direction in FIG. When the inner peripheral spline of the sleeve 341 is engaged with the driven gear 331b of the forward first speed gear stage 331 by the rotational synchronization action of the first synchronizer ring 342, the input shaft 31 passes through the forward first speed gear stage 331 to the output shaft 32. Power is transmitted.

When the sleeve 341 is moved in the Y direction in FIG. 4 from this state and the inner peripheral spline of the sleeve 341 is removed from the driven gear 331b of the first forward gear stage 331 and returned to the position shown in FIG. The stage 331 is returned to the neutral state where it idles.

Such a shift operation of the transmission 3 is performed by the driver manually operating the shift lever 15 installed in the driver's seat of the vehicle. When the shift lever 15 is operated, the synchromesh mechanisms 34A to 34C of the transmission 3 are operated via the operating mechanism 36.

The actuating mechanism 36 establishes the gear stage of the transmission 3 corresponding to the shift position selected by the shift lever 15, and as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, there are three shift forks 361, three shift forks. A shaft 362, one select rod 363, one shift rod 364, a select actuator 365, a shift actuator 366, and the like are provided.

The three shift forks 361 are individually engaged with the outer peripheral grooves of the sleeves 341 in the three synchromesh mechanisms 34A to 34C. The three shift fork shafts 362 are arranged next to each other in parallel.

The select rod 363 is disposed on the free end side of the three shift fork shafts 362 so as to cross in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the shift fork shafts 362, and any one head of the shafts 362 is disposed. 367 is engaged so that power can be transmitted selectively. The select rod 363 is coupled to the piston rod of the select actuator 365, and the select actuator 365 pushes and pulls the select rod 363 along the longitudinal direction (select direction). Note that the select actuator 365 and the shift actuator 366 may be either hydraulic or electric.

The shift rod 364 is engaged with the select rod 363 in a state of being arranged so as to cross in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the select rod 363. The shift rod 364 is connected to the piston rod of the shift actuator 366. When the shift rod 364 is pushed and pulled in the longitudinal direction by the shift actuator 366, the select rod 363 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (shifted). Direction).

The shift lever 15 is moved along a shift gate 16 as shown in FIG. The shift gate 16 includes a 1-2 speed gate 161, a 3-4 speed gate 162, a 5-6 speed gate 163, a reverse gate 164, a neutral gate 165, and the like.

The 1-2 speed gate 161, the 3-4 speed gate 162, the 5-6 speed gate 163, and the reverse gate 164 are formed along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and the shift lever 15 is formed along the respective gates 161-164. The act of moving is regarded as a shift operation.

The neutral gate 165 is formed along the left-right direction of the vehicle, and the act of moving the shift lever 15 along the neutral gate 165 is selected. In the 1-2 speed gate 161, the front end is the first speed position and the rear end is the second speed position. In the 3-4 speed gate 162, the front end is in the 3rd speed position and the rear end is in the 4th speed position. In the 5-6 speed gate 163, the front end is in the 5th speed position and the rear end is in the 6th speed position.

When the shift lever 15 is selected, the select rod 363 is engaged with one shift fork shaft 362 according to the request so that power can be transmitted. Subsequently, when the shift lever 15 is shifted, the shift rod 364 is moved in the protruding direction or the backward direction so that the shift fork shaft 362 is slid in the longitudinal direction via the select rod 363. Therefore, any one sleeve 341 of the three synchromesh mechanisms 34A to 34C is slid in the XY directions of FIGS. 3 and 4 by the shift fork 361 integrally connected to the shift fork shaft 362. Become. As a result, the gear stage (actual shift position) of the transmission 3 corresponding to the required shift position selected by the shift lever 15 is established.

Note that the movement amount (select stroke) of the select rod 363 is detected by the select stroke sensor 508, and the movement amount (shift stroke) of the shift rod 364 is detected by the shift stroke sensor 509. When the output signals of both

sensors

508 and 509 are input to the ECU 100, the ECU 100 can recognize the required shift position (requested gear stage) selected by the shift lever 15 based on the input. When the ECU 100 recognizes the shift position required by the shift lever 15, the ECU 100 controls the select actuator 365 and the shift actuator 366 to establish the gear stage of the transmission 3 according to the required shift position. The select rod 363 and the shift rod 364 are operated.

The motor 4 is installed on the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3 as shown in FIG. Although not shown, the motor 4 includes a rotor and a stator. The rotor is integrally fixed to the outer periphery of the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3, and the stator is integrally formed in the housing of the transmission 3 so as to face the outer diameter side of the rotor in a non-contact manner. Fixed. As a result, the output torque of the motor 4 is input to the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3, so that the motor 4 applies positive torque or negative torque (rotational resistance) to the front wheels 6 and 6 without passing through the clutch 2. It is possible to input.

The output torque of the motor 4 is controlled by the motor drive circuit 41 and the ECU 100, and the output torque of the motor 4 is input to the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3. For example, even when the clutch 2 is disengaged, if a positive torque is generated by the motor 4, it becomes possible to input a positive driving force to the front wheels 6, 6. When generated, negative torque (rotational resistance) can be input to the front wheels 6 and 6.

The differential 5 exemplifies a two-pinion type in the figure, but the type is not particularly limited.

ECU100 controls the driving force for driving | running | working which the engine 1 and the motor 4 generate | occur | produce based on the output signal from various sensors, a switch, etc. which are mentioned below.

The ECU 100 has a known configuration including a CPU (central processing unit), a ROM (program memory), a RAM (data memory), a backup RAM (nonvolatile memory), and the like, as shown in FIG. Is done. The ROM stores various control programs, maps that are referred to when the various control programs are executed, and the like. The CPU executes arithmetic processing based on various control programs and maps stored in the ROM. The RAM is a memory that temporarily stores calculation results in the CPU, data input from each sensor, and the like. The backup RAM is a nonvolatile memory that stores data to be saved when the engine 1 is stopped. It is memory.

The input interface 105 of the ECU 100 includes an engine speed sensor 501, a throttle opening sensor 502, an input shaft speed sensor 503, an output shaft speed sensor 504, an accelerator position sensor 505, an engine 1 water temperature sensor 506, and a brake pedal sensor. 507, a select stroke sensor 508, a shift stroke sensor 509, a clutch upper switch 510, a clutch lower switch 511, a clutch stroke sensor 512, and the like are connected, and signals from these sensors and switches are input to the ECU 100.

The ECU 100 calculates the vehicle speed based on the output signal of the output shaft rotation speed sensor 504.

The output interface 106 of the ECU 100 is connected to the throttle motor 12, the fuel injection device 16, the ignition device 17, the hydraulic control circuit 264, and the like. Here, the connection targets for the input /

output interfaces

105 and 106 are only those related to the characteristics of the present invention, and descriptions and explanations of elements not directly related to the characteristics of the present invention are omitted.

Next, with reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the drive control operation of the vehicle in this embodiment will be described.

This embodiment is devised so that the deceleration (deceleration gradient) of the vehicle speed is not changed in the process of shift change (shift down or shift up) during deceleration of the vehicle speed due to accelerator off.

First, referring to FIG. 8, the operation when shifting down while the vehicle speed is decelerated will be described.

Here, when the accelerator 1 is turned off while the vehicle is running and the engine 1 is driven to reduce the vehicle speed, the clutch 2 is disengaged from time t1 to time t2 as shown in FIG. 8B. As shown in FIG. 8C, the gear stage of the transmission 3 is changed from, for example, the second speed to the first speed from time t3 to time t4, and the clutch is changed from time t5 to time t6 as shown in FIG. 8B. It is assumed that 2 is joined.

If the vehicle does not shift down from time t1 to time t6, the deceleration of the vehicle speed is kept substantially constant as shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG.

However, in the case where the motor control of the present invention described below is not applied in the downshifting process (this case is used as a comparative example), as shown by the solid line in FIG. Since the deceleration of the vehicle speed changes, the driver feels uncomfortable with a feeling of deceleration. This will be specifically described below.

(1-1) When the disengaged engine 1 is separated from the transmission 3 by starting disengagement of the clutch 2 at time t1 and then disengaging at time t2, the engine 1 due to friction of the engine 1 or the like Since the side drag torque (the inertia torque from the engine 1 to the input side member of the clutch 2) is released, the output torque to the front wheels 6 and 6 that are drive wheels increases. Thereby, in the process from the disengagement start time t1 of the clutch 2 to the start time t3 of the shift down, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 8A, the deceleration of the vehicle speed is reduced, and a feeling of popping out of the vehicle occurs.

(1-2) In the process from the start of the change from the 2nd speed to the 1st speed at time t3 until the change is completed at time t4, the gear inertia of the transmission 3 increases compared to before the gear stage change. As indicated by the solid line in FIG. 8 (a), the deceleration of the vehicle speed increases and a feeling of pulling in the vehicle occurs.

(1-3) At time t5 when clutch 2 engagement is started, as shown in FIG. 8 (f), the engine speed Ne is lower than the input shaft speed Ni of the transmission 3 (Ne <Ni) and the engine speed Since the differential rotation (| Ne−Ni |) between the number Ne and the input shaft rotational speed Ni is large, as the clutch 2 is engaged from time t5 to time t6, drag torque (from the engine 1 to the clutch 2) is increased. The output torque to the front wheels 6 and 6 is reduced by the inertia torque up to the input side member of the vehicle, so that the deceleration of the vehicle speed increases as shown by the solid line in FIG. To do.

Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the motor 4 is controlled so as to maintain the deceleration (deceleration gradient) of the vehicle speed before the downshift in the downshift process.

(2-1) In the process from the clutch 2 disengagement start time t1 to the shift down start time t3, as described in (1-1) above, the drag torque of the engine 1 is reduced, as shown in FIG. )), The deceleration of the vehicle speed becomes small. Therefore, the negative torque 301 as shown in FIG. 8 (e) is used by the motor 4 so as to cancel out the decrease in the drag torque of the engine 1. Is input to the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3. As a result, a decrease in drag torque of the engine 1 can be suppressed or prevented, so that the deceleration of the vehicle speed can be kept substantially constant as shown by the solid line in FIG. Therefore, the possibility of giving a feeling of jumping out of the vehicle is reduced. It is assumed that the motor 4 is idling in a non-driven state until just before time t1.

(2-2) In the process from the change start time t3 to the change completion time t4 from the 2nd speed to the 1st speed, as the gear inertia of the transmission 3 increases as described in the above (1-2), Since the deceleration of the vehicle speed increases as shown by a two-dot chain line 202 in FIG. 8 (d), a positive torque 302 as shown in FIG. Is input to the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3. As a result, the deceleration of the vehicle speed can be kept substantially constant as shown by the solid line in FIG. In this gear stage changing process, the input shaft rotational speed Ni of the transmission 3 is changed to the synchronous speed of the first speed as shown in FIG. Ascend towards.

Here, the output torque T of the motor 4 necessary for canceling the increase in the gear inertia of the transmission 3 can be estimated (calculated) by the following equation. This estimated time is the time when the driver has changed the shift position with the shift lever 15. The shift position change time, that is, the change request time, can be recognized by the ECU 100 based on output signals from the select stroke sensor 508 and the shift stroke sensor 509.

T = [(a−b) / t] · c
In the above equation, a is the input shaft rotational speed Ni of the transmission 3 before the gear stage change, b is the input shaft rotational speed Ni of the transmission 3 after the gear stage change, t is the time required for the gear stage change, and c is the target Gear stage inertia. The inertia c is stored in advance in the ECU 100 as a fixed value. The time t required for the gear stage change is a predetermined experience value (a value obtained by adding a margin to the average value of the operation time for each gear stage change).

(2-3) In the process from the engagement start time t5 of the clutch 2 to the complete engagement time t6 of the clutch 2, the output torque to the front wheels 6 and 6 decreases as described in (1-3) above. As a result, the deceleration of the vehicle speed increases as shown by a two-dot chain line 203 in FIG. 8D. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8E by the motor 4 so as to cancel out the decrease in the output torque. A positive torque 303 is generated and input to the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3. Since this input torque can suppress or prevent a decrease in output torque to the front wheels 6 and 6, the vehicle speed deceleration can be kept substantially constant as shown by the solid line in FIG. Therefore, the possibility of giving the driver a feeling of pulling in the vehicle is reduced. At time t6 when the clutch 2 is completely engaged, the engine speed Ne is synchronized with the input shaft speed Ni as shown in FIG. 8 (f).

Here, the output torque T of the motor 4 necessary to cancel out the decrease in the output torque described above can be estimated (calculated) by the following equation. This estimated time is before the start of clutch 2 engagement. The time before the start of engagement of the clutch 2 is, for example, between time t4 and t5.

T = [(| Ne-Ni |) / t] · I
In the above formula, t is a stroke time required for completely engaging the clutch 2 from the disengaged state, I is a member on the input side of the clutch 2 from the engine 1 (flywheel 21, pressure plate 23, diaphragm spring 24, clutch cover) 25). The inertia I is stored in advance in the ECU 100 as a fixed value. The stroke time t is a predetermined experience value (a value obtained by adding a margin to an average value of time required for clutch engagement).

Next, with reference to FIG. 9, the operation when shifting up during deceleration of the vehicle speed will be described.

Here, the clutch 2 is disengaged from time t11 to time t12 as shown in FIG. 9 (b) when the accelerator 1 is turned off while the vehicle is running and the engine 1 is driven to reduce the vehicle speed. As shown in FIG. 9C, the gear stage of the transmission 3 is changed from, for example, the second speed to the third speed from time t13 to time t14, and the clutch is changed from time t15 to time t16 as shown in FIG. 9B. It is assumed that 2 is joined.

If the vehicle does not shift up from time t11 to time t16, the deceleration of the vehicle speed is kept substantially constant as shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 9 (a).

However, in the case where the motor control of the present invention described below is not applied in the upshifting process (this case is used as a comparative example), as shown by the solid line in FIG. Since the deceleration of the vehicle speed changes, the driver feels uncomfortable with a feeling of deceleration. This will be specifically described below.

(3-1) When the disengaged engine 1 is disconnected from the transmission 3 by starting the disengagement of the clutch 2 at the time t11 and completing the disengagement at the time t12, the engine 1 caused by friction of the engine 1 or the like Since the side drag torque (the inertia torque from the engine 1 to the input side member of the clutch 2) is released, the output torque to the front wheels 6 and 6 that are drive wheels increases. As a result, in the process from the disengagement start time t11 of the clutch 2 to the start time t13 of the upshift, as shown by a solid line in FIG.

(3-2) In the process from the start of the change from the 2nd speed to the 3rd speed at time t13 until the change is completed at time t14, the gear inertia of the transmission 3 decreases compared to before the gear stage change. As indicated by the solid line 9 (a), the deceleration of the vehicle speed is reduced, and a feeling of popping out of the vehicle occurs.

(3-3) At the time t15 when the clutch 2 is engaged, the engine speed Ne is higher than the input shaft speed Ni of the transmission 3 (Ne> Ni) as shown in FIG. The torque generated in the engine 1 is transmitted to the transmission 3 as the clutch 2 is engaged from time t15 to time t16. As a result, the output torque to the front wheels 6 and 6 as drive wheels increases, so that the deceleration of the vehicle speed decreases as shown by the solid line in FIG. 9A, and a feeling of popping out of the vehicle occurs.

Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the motor 4 is controlled so as to maintain the deceleration (deceleration gradient) of the vehicle speed before the upshifting in the upshifting process.

(4-1) In the process from the clutch 2 disengagement start time t11 to the shift-up start time t13, as described in (3-1) above, the drag torque of the engine 1 is reduced, as shown in FIG. )), The deceleration of the vehicle speed is small, so that the negative torque 311 as shown in FIG. 9 (e) is canceled by the motor 4 so as to cancel out the decrease of the drag torque of the engine 1. Is input to the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3. As a result, the decrease in drag torque of the engine 1 can be suppressed or prevented, so that the deceleration of the vehicle speed can be kept substantially constant as shown by the solid line in FIG. Therefore, the possibility of giving a feeling of jumping out of the vehicle is reduced. It is assumed that the motor 4 is idling in a non-driven state until just before time t11.

(4-2) In the process from the change start time t13 to the change completion time t14 from the second speed to the third speed, as the gear inertia of the transmission 3 decreases as described in the above (3-2), FIG. Since the deceleration of the vehicle speed is small as indicated by a two-dot chain line 212 in FIG. 9 (d), the negative torque 312 as shown in FIG. Is input to the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3. As a result, the deceleration of the vehicle speed can be kept substantially constant as shown by the solid line in FIG. 9D, so that the possibility of giving the driver a feeling of jumping out of the vehicle is reduced. In this gear stage changing process, the input shaft rotational speed Ni of the transmission 3 is changed to the synchronous speed of the third speed as shown in FIG. 9 (f) by the synchronous action of the 3-4 speed synchromesh mechanism 34B of the transmission 3. Descent towards

Here, the output torque T of the motor 4 necessary for canceling the reduction of the gear inertia of the transmission 3 can be estimated (calculated) by the following equation. This estimated time is the time when the driver has changed the shift position with the shift lever 15. The shift position change time, that is, the change request time, can be recognized by the ECU 100 based on output signals from the select stroke sensor 508 and the shift stroke sensor 509.

(4-3) In the process from the engagement start time t15 of the clutch 2 to the complete engagement time t16 of the clutch 2, the output torque to the front wheels 6 and 6 increases as described in (3-3) above. As a result, the deceleration of the vehicle speed decreases as shown by the two-dot chain line 213 in FIG. 9 (d), so that the increase in the output torque is offset by the motor 4 as shown in FIG. 9 (e). A negative torque 313 is generated and input to the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3. Since the increase in output torque to the front wheels 6 and 6 can be suppressed or prevented by this input torque, the vehicle speed deceleration can be kept substantially constant as shown by the solid line in FIG. Therefore, the possibility of giving the driver a feeling of jumping out of the vehicle is reduced. At time t16 when the clutch 2 is completely engaged, the engine speed Ne is synchronized with the input shaft speed Ni as shown in FIG. 9 (f).

Here, the output torque T of the motor 4 necessary for canceling the increase in the output torque described above can be estimated (calculated) by the following equation. This estimated time is before the start of clutch 2 engagement. The time before the start of engagement of the clutch 2 is, for example, between time t14 and t15.

As described above, in the embodiment to which the features of the present invention are applied, the process of shifting down or up during the vehicle speed deceleration accompanying the accelerator off (the process of disconnecting the clutch 2 and the transmission with the clutch 2 disconnected) 3) and the step of engaging the clutch 2), it is possible to maintain the deceleration of the vehicle speed immediately before the downshift or the upshift. Therefore, the possibility of giving the driver a sense of incongruity of deceleration during the downshifting process or the upshifting process is reduced.

Incidentally, when the motor 4 is installed on the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3 as in this embodiment, the motor 4 can be used as a rotation speed sensor. When used in such a manner, the rotational difference between the input side rotational speed and the output side rotational speed of the clutch 2 when the clutch 2 is engaged, or the synchromesh mechanisms 34A to 34C when the gear stage of the transmission 3 is changed. It becomes possible to grasp the synchronous operation. Therefore, when the motor 4 is used as a rotation speed sensor, the above-described control can be performed more precisely.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and all modifications and applications within the scope of the claims and within the scope equivalent to the scope are possible. Examples are given below.

(1) At times t3-t4, t13-t14 (a process of changing the gear stage of the transmission 3 with the clutch 2 disengaged) described in the above embodiment, the vehicle speed deceleration and the shift change in the shift change process It is also possible to feedback control the output torque of the motor 4 so as to cancel out the deviation from the previous deceleration of the vehicle speed.

For this purpose, for example, the ECU 100 obtains vehicle speed deceleration at regular intervals before the clutch 2 disengagement start times t1 and t11, and stores the obtained values in the temporary memory area while updating them one by one. Then, at time t3-t4, t13-t14, a deceleration of the vehicle speed is obtained every fixed period, and a process of feedback-controlling the output torque of the motor 4 so as to cancel the deviation between the obtained value and the stored value is performed. It is possible to do so.

(2) In the above embodiment, an example is given in which the motor 4 is installed on the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as the installation location of the motor 4, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, a power transmission path 51 from the output side of the transmission 3 to the input side of the differential 5, the axle 52 of the front wheels 6 and 6 serving as drive wheels, Any one of the

rear wheels

7 and 7 and the axle 53 of the driven wheel can be provided.

For example, when the motor 4 is installed on the axle 53 of the

rear wheels

7 and 7, the

rear wheels

7 and 7 can be used as drive wheels, so that the vehicle can be a four-wheel drive vehicle. Since the installation space is wider than other installation locations, it can be mounted on a vehicle.

(3) In the above embodiment, an example is given in which the present invention is applied to a vehicle drive device of the front wheel drive (FF) type, but the present invention is not limited to this, for example, rear wheel drive (FR) The present invention can be applied to other types of vehicle drive devices and other types of vehicle drive devices. Moreover, although the case where the transmission 3 is set to a forward six-speed shift is taken as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of shift stages is arbitrary.

For example, in the case of a rear-wheel drive (FR) type vehicle drive device, the motor is installed at a rear wheel to which drive force generated by a drive force source such as the input shaft 31 of the transmission 3 and the engine 1 is transmitted. One of the axle, the axle of the front wheel that does not transmit the driving force generated by the driving force source such as the engine 1, and the power transmission path from the output side of the transmission 3 to the differential input side. Is possible.

(4) In the above embodiment, an example in which one engine 1 is provided upstream of the clutch 2 in the power transmission direction as the driving force source described in the claims is given, but the present invention is not limited to this. Absent. For example, an engine 1 and an electric motor (for example, a motor, a motor generator, etc.) as the driving force source can be installed in parallel or in series upstream of the clutch 2 in the power transmission direction.

In this case, the engine 1 as the driving force source and the electric motor can be in a state in which only one of them is driven, or in a state in which both are driven simultaneously.

(5) In the above embodiment, an example is given in which the clutch upper switch 510 and the clutch lower switch 511 are used to detect the depression of the clutch pedal 14, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, instead of the switches 510 and 511, a depression stroke sensor (not shown) of the clutch pedal 14 can be used.

The depression stroke sensor outputs a signal corresponding to the depression stroke of the clutch pedal 14 to the ECU 100. In this case, the ECU 100 determines the complete disengagement position, complete disengagement position, and semi-engagement range (from the disengagement position to the disengagement position) in the depression direction of the clutch pedal 14 based on the output from the depression stroke sensor. It is possible to recognize the depression operation position of the clutch pedal 14.

(6) In the clutch operating device 26 shown in the above embodiment, an example using the release fork 262 and the clutch actuator 263 is given, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, instead of the release fork 262 and the clutch actuator 263, a known concentric slave cylinder can be used.

This concentric slave cylinder is configured to slide the release bearing 261 hydraulically without using the release fork 262.

(7) Although the clutch 2 shown in the above embodiment is exemplified as a type that operates in response to a manual depression of the clutch pedal 14, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the clutch 2 can be an automatic clutch without the clutch pedal 14.

Although this automatic clutch is known, for example, when a shift change is necessary, the operation of the clutch actuator 263 shown in the above embodiment or the concentric slave cylinder described in the above (6) is controlled by the ECU 100 and the hydraulic control circuit 264. Thus, the clutch 2 is disengaged and engaged by performing control.

(8) In the above embodiment, the shift lever 15 is mechanically separated from the select rod 363 and the shift rod 364, and the select rod 363 and the shift rod 364 are operated by the select actuator 365 and the shift actuator 366. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

For example, by connecting the shift lever 15 and the select rod 363 or the shift rod 364 via a mechanical power transmission mechanism, the select operation or shift operation of the shift lever 15 and the operation of the select rod 363 or shift rod 364 are linked. It can be configured.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Engine 2 Clutch 3 Transmission 331-336 Forward 1st-6th gear stage 34A-34C Synchromesh mechanism 4 Motor 6 Front wheel 7 Rear wheel 13 Accelerator pedal 14 Clutch pedal 15 Shift lever 100 ECU
501 Engine rotational speed sensor 502 Throttle opening sensor 503 Input shaft rotational speed sensor 504 Output shaft rotational speed sensor 505 Accelerator opening sensor 508 Select stroke sensor 509 Shift stroke sensor 510 Clutch upper switch 511 Clutch lower switch 512 Clutch stroke sensor

Claims

At least one driving force source that generates a driving force of the vehicle, a constantly meshing transmission, and a clutch that is disconnected or joined so as to cut off or allow power transmission from the driving force source to the transmission; A vehicle drive device configured to change the gear position of the transmission in response to a human operation,
An electric motor for inputting positive or negative torque to the wheels without passing through the clutch, and a control unit for controlling the output of the electric motor;
The control unit controls the output of the electric motor so as to maintain the deceleration of the vehicle speed before the gear stage change in the process of changing the gear stage of the transmission with the clutch disconnected while the vehicle speed is being reduced. The vehicle drive device characterized by the above-mentioned.
In the vehicle drive device according to claim 1,
The control unit controls the output torque of the electric motor so as to suppress a deceleration due to an increase in the gear inertia of the transmission before the change or an acceleration due to a decrease in the gear inertia in the process of changing the gear stage. The vehicle drive device characterized by the above-mentioned.
In the vehicle drive device according to claim 1,
The control unit obtains and stores a deceleration of the vehicle speed immediately before the clutch is disengaged during the deceleration of the vehicle speed; and
The motor is decelerated in the process of changing the gear position of the transmission while the clutch is disengaged during deceleration of the vehicle speed, and the electric motor is controlled so as to cancel the deviation between the obtained value and the stored value. A vehicle drive device characterized by performing processing for feedback control.
In the vehicle drive device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The output of the transmission is configured to be transmitted to the front wheels of the vehicle via a differential,
The installation location of the electric motor is generated by a power transmission path from the output side of the clutch to the input side of the transmission, an axle of a front wheel to which vehicle driving force generated by the driving force source is transmitted, and the driving force source. A vehicle drive device characterized in that the vehicle drive device is any one of a rear wheel axle to which no vehicle drive force is transmitted and a power transmission path from an output side of the transmission to a differential input side.
In the vehicle drive device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The output of the transmission is transmitted to the rear wheel of the vehicle through a differential,
The installation location of the electric motor is generated by a power transmission path from the output side of the clutch to the input side of the transmission, an axle of a front wheel to which vehicle driving force generated by the driving force source is not transmitted, and the driving force source. A vehicle drive device comprising: a rear wheel axle to which vehicle drive force is transmitted and a power transmission path from an output side of the transmission to a differential input side.