WO2011110102A1 - 电池组 - Google Patents

电池组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011110102A1
WO2011110102A1 PCT/CN2011/071729 CN2011071729W WO2011110102A1 WO 2011110102 A1 WO2011110102 A1 WO 2011110102A1 CN 2011071729 W CN2011071729 W CN 2011071729W WO 2011110102 A1 WO2011110102 A1 WO 2011110102A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
voltage
battery
protection circuit
load
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2011/071729
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田角峰
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Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
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Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2011110102A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011110102A1/zh
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/61—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overcharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/63—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overdischarge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery pack.
  • batteries are widely used in power tools, and battery-powered tools can be used anywhere, anytime, without the constraints of cables. These batteries are usually rechargeable batteries, such as a wrong acid storage battery.
  • the cut-off voltage of the charging is generally set higher than the nominal voltage of the battery.
  • a 36V lead-acid battery has a charge cut-off voltage of 44. 1 V.
  • the higher part of the voltage will automatically fall back for a period of time. For example, it takes about 10 seconds for the 36V lead-acid battery to fall back from 44. 1 V to 42V after charging.
  • the voltage of the battery is higher than the voltage during normal operation. In design, it is necessary to select a larger voltage, current parameter electronic device, which will increase the cost. At the same time, there are related requirements in the safety test.
  • the positive and negative voltages of the battery should be lower than 42V. Otherwise, the safety test should be carried out according to the high-voltage power tool standard. For this safety requirement, it is common practice to increase the requirements of electronic devices or to reduce the charge cut-off voltage of batteries. However, increasing the requirements of electronic devices requires an increase in cost; while lowering the charge cut-off voltage, it does not reach 95% of the nominal charging capacity during charging, which affects the use of the tool.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack that is low in cost and does not require a reduction in charge cutoff voltage.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a battery pack operatively connected to a power tool to supply power thereto, or connected to a charging device for charging, comprising: a housing; a plurality of battery units housed in the housing And a positive electrode and a negative terminal; wherein the battery pack further includes a protection circuit electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals, the protection circuit comprising: a load; a switching element connected in series with the load; a control unit that is closed or opened by the switching element, when the voltage of the battery pack is higher than a preset voltage value, the control unit closes the switching element and releases the battery voltage to a preset voltage value through the load, when The voltage of the battery pack is less than or equal to a preset voltage value, and the control unit turns off the switching element to stop the release of the battery voltage by the load.
  • the connection between the protection circuit and the positive terminal is disconnected; after the battery pack is detached from the charging device, the protection circuit is opposite to the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Extreme electrical connection.
  • the battery pack further includes a mechanical elastic piece, and the protection circuit is connected to the positive electrode terminal through the mechanical elastic piece.
  • the protection circuit reduces the voltage of the battery pack to the preset voltage value by less than 1 second.
  • the load is a resistor.
  • the switching element is a semiconductor switching element.
  • control unit is a voltage reference source.
  • control unit is MC U.
  • the preset voltage value is 42 V.
  • the battery pack is a lead acid battery pack.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: when the protection circuit in the battery pack detects that the battery pack voltage exceeds the preset voltage value, it can automatically discharge, lowering the battery voltage to a preset voltage value, and reducing The requirements for electronic devices help to reduce costs and meet relevant safety testing requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a preferred embodiment of a battery pack of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a circuit schematic of a preferred embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of a battery pack 100 of the present invention, the battery pack 100 including a housing 99, a positive terminal 1 1 and a negative terminal 12, and a battery housed in the housing 99 Unit 1, switch 2, protection circuit 3.
  • switch 2 is a schematic block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the battery pack 100 of the present invention.
  • the switch 2 is connected in series between the positive terminal 1 1 of the battery unit 1 and the input terminal 31 of the protection circuit 3 for inputting the input of the protection circuit 3.
  • 31 Connect or disconnect the positive terminal 1 1 of battery unit 1, switch 2 can be a mechanical switch It can also be an electronic switch.
  • the protection circuit 3 is connected to the positive terminal 11 through the mechanical elastic piece.
  • the protection circuit 3 comprises a control unit 33, a switching unit 34 and a load 35.
  • the control unit 33 detects the voltage value of the battery unit 1 and controls to close or open the switching unit 34 to allow and prohibit current from flowing to the load 35.
  • the switch unit 34 is a semiconductor switch; the control unit can adopt an MCU, detects the voltage of the battery unit 1 through the MCU, and outputs a control signal to control the closing or opening of the switch unit 34; the control unit can also adopt a voltage reference source, and pass the voltage
  • the reference source provides a reference voltage to control the conduction of the voltage reference source, thereby controlling the closing or opening of the switching unit 34.
  • the load 35 can be a resistor element with small resistance and high power, or a light-emitting heat-emitting electronic component; however, such an electronic component is generally bulky, so in this embodiment, three resistors are connected in parallel. , reducing the volume of the load.
  • the charge cut-off voltage is 44.1 V
  • the preset voltage value is 41 V.
  • Three 100-ohm resistors are connected in parallel as a load to release the battery pack voltage value to a preset voltage value. It only takes 600ms; that is, when the battery pack is disconnected from the charger, the positive and negative voltages of the battery are lower than 42V.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the battery pack 100 of the present invention.
  • the control unit 33 shown in FIG. 2 is composed of R11, R12, R13, R14, R18, R19, R20, Q1, U2, C3, and D6 in FIG. 3, Q1 is a triode, and U2 is a voltage reference source TL431;
  • the switching unit 34 shown in Fig. 2 is composed of a transistor Q2 in Fig. 3;
  • the load 35 shown in Fig. 2 is composed of three parallel resistors R15, R16, R17 in Fig. 3.
  • R 11 is connected to input terminal 31, and the other end is connected to output terminal 32; the base of Q1 is connected to input terminal 31, the collector and the emitter are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of C3; the anode of D6 is connected to input terminal 31
  • the negative electrode is connected to the collector of Q1 and the positive terminal of C3; one end of R12 is connected to the negative terminal of C3 and the emitter of Q1, the other end is connected to R13, and the other end of R13 is connected to output terminal 32;
  • the collector of Q2 is connected to the input Terminal 31, the base is connected to one end of R14, the emitter is connected to one end of R19; R18 is connected between the base and collector of Q2; pin 1 of U2 is connected to the other end of R14, pin 2 is Lead connection between R12 and R13, pin 3 is connected to output terminal 32; R20 is connected between the other end of R19 and pin 2 of U2; R15, One end of R16 and R17 is connected to the emitter of Q2, and the
  • the switch 2 disconnects the connection between the positive terminal 11 of the battery unit 1 and the input terminal 31 of the protection circuit 3; when the battery pack 100 is completed When the charging is removed from the charging device, the switch 2 is closed and the positive terminal 11 is connected to the input terminal 31.
  • Battery unit 1 charges C3. Before charging C3 is completed, C3 is in the on state, and the voltage of battery unit 1 is divided by R12 and R13.
  • the D6, C3, R12, and R13 circuits can be used to provide a reference voltage for pin 2 of U2 to turn it on, which can provide the base current of Q2, turn on Q2, allow current to flow to load 35, and to the battery unit.
  • Q2 when Q2 is turned on, the voltage of battery unit 1 is divided by R19 and R20, and the reference voltage is continuously supplied to U2 through Q2, R19 and R20 circuits.
  • U2 remains. It is possible to maintain Q2 conduction so that the discharge can continue.
  • the voltage of the battery unit 1 is lower than the reference voltage of U2 after being divided by R19 and R20, and the loops of Q2, R19 and R20 cannot provide the required reference voltage for U2. , U2 is disconnected, and then Q2 is turned off to stop discharging battery unit 1.
  • R11 acts as the base resistance of Q1, Q1 turns on, and C3 is discharged through R12 and R13, so that when switch 2 is closed, C3 is charged again.
  • the present invention by providing a protection circuit in the battery pack, when the battery pack is removed from the charging device, it can be determined whether the voltage is higher than a preset voltage value, and if it is higher than the preset voltage value, the battery pack is discharged. When the battery pack voltage is not higher than the preset voltage value, the discharge process is stopped. There is no need to increase the requirements of the electronic components in the power tool or to reduce the cut-off voltage of the charging, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost and complying with the relevant safety testing requirements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

说 明 书
电池組 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池組。
背景技术
如今， 电池广泛的应用于电动工具上， 采用了电池的电动工具可以摆脱 线缆的束缚而可随时随地的使用。 这些电池通常是可充电电池， 如错酸蓄电 池。
此类可充电电池在充电时， 为了将电池容量充至标称的充电容量的 95% 以上， 一般将充电的截止电压设置的高于电池的标称电压。 如 36V 的铅酸蓄 电池的充电截止电压为 44. 1 V。 在充电结束后， 高出的这部分电压会在一段 时间内 自动回落， 如 36V铅酸蓄电池在充电结束后从 44. 1 V回落至 42V 需要 1 0秒左右的时间。 而在这段时间内， 电池的电压高于正常工作时的电压， 在 设计时， 需选用较大电压， 电流参数的电子器件， 这就会增加成本。 同时在 安规测试时有相关要求， 要求电池从充电器拔离后， 电池的正负极电压需低 于 42V， 否则需按照高压电动工具标准进行安全检测。 针对此安规要求， 现 有的普遍做法是提高电子器件的要求或者降低电池的充电截止电压。 但是提 高电子器件的要求， 需要增加成本； 而降低充电截止电压， 则充电时不能达 到标称的充电容量的 95%以上， 影响了工具的使用效果。
发明内容
本发明提供一种低成本， 且无需降低充电截止电压的电池組。
为实现上述目 的， 本发明的技术方案是： 一种电池組， 可操作的连接至 电动工具以为其提供电力， 或连接至充电装置进行充电， 包括： 壳体； 收容 于壳体内的若干电池单元； 正极和负极端子； 其特征在于： 所述电池組还包 括可操作的与所述正极和负极端子电性连接的保护电路，所述保护电路包括： 负载； 与负载串联的开关元件； 以及控制所述开关元件闭合或断开的控制单 元， 当电池組的电压高于预设电压值， 所述控制单元闭合所述开关元件并通 过所述负载将电池組电压释放至预设电压值， 当电池組的电压小于或等于预 设电压值， 所述控制单元断开所述开关元件停止负载对电池組电压的释放。
优选的， 所述电池组连接至充电装置时， 断开所述保护电路与所述正极 端子的连接； 所述电池組从充电装置拔离后， 所述保护电路与所述正极和负 极端子电性连接。
优选的， 所述电池組还包括机械弹片 ， 所述保护电路通过所述机械弹片 与所述正极端子连接。
优选的， 所述保护电路将所述电池組电压降至所述预设电压值所需时间 小于 1 秒。
优选的， 所述负载为电阻。
优选的， 所述开关元件为半导体开关元件。
优选的， 所述控制单元为电压基准源。
优选的， 所述控制单元为 MC U。
优选的， 所述预设电压值为 42 V。
优选的， 所述电池組为铅酸电池組。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的有益效果是： 电池組内的保护电路检测到电 池组电压超过预设电压值时， 即可自动放电， 将电池组电压降低至预设电压 值， 降低了对电子器件的要求， 有利于降低成本， 且符合相关安规测试要求。 附图说明
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
图 1 是本发明电池组的较佳实施例的示意图。
图 2是本发明电池组的较佳实施例的原理框图。
图 3是本发明电池組的较佳实施例的电路原理图。
其中， 相关元件对应编号如下：
I .电池单元 2.开关 3.保护电路
I I .正极端子 1 2. 负极端子 31 .输入端
32.输出端 33.控制单元 34.开关单元
35. 负载 99. 壳体 1 00. 电池組
具体实施方式
图 1 _图 3 为本发明电池組 1 00 的较佳实施例的示意图，所述电池組 1 00 包括壳体 99 , 正极端子 1 1 和负极端子 1 2， 以及收容于壳体 99 内的电池单元 1， 开关 2， 保护电路 3。
图 2 为本发明电池组 1 00 的较佳实施例的原理框图， 开关 2 串联于电池 单元 1 的正极端子 1 1 与保护电路 3 的输入端 31 之间， 用以将保护电路 3 的 输入端 31 和电池单元 1 的正极端子 1 1 连接或断开， 开关 2 可以是机械开关 也可以是电子开关， 在本实施例中， 保护电路 3通过机械弹片和正极端子 11 连接， 当电池組 100连接到充电装置时， 机械弹片 因为充电装置的插入而发 生弹性形变， 断开保护电路 3 与正极端子 11 之间的连接， 当电池組 100 完成 充电从充电装置拔离时， 机械弹片在 自 身弹力的作用下恢复保护电路 3 与正 极端子 11 的连接； 无需操作者的额外操作， 也无需对充电装置进行改进。 所 述保护电路 3 包括控制单元 33， 开关单元 34 以及负载 35。 控制单元 33检测 电池单元 1 的电压值， 并控制闭合或断开开关单元 34， 以允许和禁止电流流 向负载 35。 开关单元 34 为半导体开关； 控制单元可以采用 MCU， 通过 MCU 对电池单元 1 的电压进行检测，并输出控制信号控制开关单元 34 的闭合或断 开； 控制单元也可以采用电压基准源， 通过向电压基准源提供基准电压来控 制电压基准源的导通， 进而控制开关单元 34 的闭合或断开。 为了达到电池組 从充电器拔离后， 电池組的正负极电压立刻降低至一个低于 42V 的预设电压 值的 目 的， 对电池組的放电时间需小于 1 S， 负载 35 需满足大电流放电的需 求， 因此负载 35 可以采用阻值小、 功率大的电阻元件， 也可以采用发光发热 类电子元件； 但是此类电子元件一般体积较大， 所以本实施例中采用三个电 阻并联的方式， 减小了 负载的体积。 当电池組为铅酸电池組， 充电截止电压 为 44. 1 V， 预设电压值为 41 V 时， 采用 3 个 100 欧的电阻并联作为 负载， 将 电池組电压值释放至预设电压值， 仅需要 600ms ; 即电池組从充电器拔离的 瞬间， 电池的正负极电压就低于了 42V。
图 3 为本发明电池組 100 的较佳实施例的电路原理图。 其中， 图 2 中所 示的控制单元 33在图 3 中由 R11、 R12、 R13、 R14、 R18、 R19、 R20、 Q1、 U2、 C3、 D6組成， Q1 为三极管， U2 为电压基准源 TL431； 图 2 中所示的开关单元 34在图 3 中由三极管 Q2 組成； 图 2 中所示的负载 35在图 3 中由三个并联的 电阻 R15、 R16、 R17組成。 R 11 的一端连接至输入端 31， 另外一端连接至输 出端 32 ; Q1 的基极连接至输入端 31， 集电极和发射极分别连接至 C3 的正极 和负极； D6的正极连接至输入端 31，负极与 Q1 的集电极以及 C3 的正极连接； R12 的一端与 C3 的负极以及 Q1 的发射极连接， 另一端与 R13连接， R13 的另 一端连接至输出端 32 ; Q2 的集电极连接至输入端 31， 基极连接至 R14 的一 端， 发射极连接至 R19 的一端； R18连接于 Q2 的基极和集电极之间； U2 的 1 号引脚与 R14的另一端连接， 2 号引脚与 R12、 R13之间的引线连接， 3号引 脚连接至输出端 32； R20连接于 R19 的另一端以及 U2 的 2号引脚之间； R15、 R16、 R17 的一端连接至 Q2 的发射极， 另一端连接至输出端 32。
如图 2 和图 3 所示， 当充电装置连接至电池組 100 进行充电时， 开关 2 断开电池单元 1 的正极端子 11 与保护电路 3 的输入端 31 之间的连接； 当电 池组 100 完成充电从充电装置移开时， 开关 2 闭合， 正极端子 11 与输入端 31 连接。 电池单元 1 对 C3进行充电， 在对 C3 的充电完成前， C3处于导通状 态， 电池单元 1 的电压经过 R12、 R13进行分压， 当电池单元 1 的电压值高于 预设电压值时， 即可通过 D6、 C3、 R12、 R13 回路为 U2 的 2号引脚提供基准 电压， 使其导通， 进而能够提供给 Q2基极电流， 使 Q2 导通， 允许电流流向 负载 35 , 对电池单元进行放电； 同时， Q2 导通时， 电池单元 1 的电压， 经过 R19， R20分压后， 通过 Q2、 R19、 R20 回路继续为 U2提供基准电压， 使 C3 充 满电处于断开状态时， U2 仍然可以維持 Q2 导通， 使放电得以继续进行。 直 至电池单元 1 的电压值小于或等于预设电压值时， 电池单元 1 的电压经 R19， R20分压后低于 U2 的基准电压， Q2、 R19、 R20 回路无法为 U2提供所需 的基准电压， U2 断开， 进而控制 Q2 断开， 停止对电池单元 1 的放电。 当开 关 2 断开时， R11 作为 Q1 的基极电阻， Q1 导通， 通过 R12、 R13对 C3进行放 电， 以便于开关 2 闭合时， 再次对 C3进行充电。
本发明中， 通过在电池組中设置保护电路， 使电池组在从充电装置移开 时能够判断自 身电压是否高于预设电压值， 如果高于预设电压值， 则对电池 組进行放电， 当电池組电压不高于预设电压值时， 停止放电进程。 而不需要 提高电动工具内电子器件的要求或者降低充电的截止电压， 从而大大降低了 制造的成本， 且符合相关安规测试要求。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1 . 一种电池組， 可操作的连接至电动工具以为其提供电力， 或连接至充 电装置进行充电， 包括：
壳体；
收容于壳体内的若干电池单元；
正极端子和负极端子；
其特征在于：
所述电池組还包括可操作的与所述正极端子和负极端子电性连接的保护 电路， 所述保护电路包括：
负载；
与负载串联的开关元件；
以及控制所述开关元件闭合或断开的控制单元， 当电池組的电压高于预 设电压值， 所述控制单元闭合所述开关元件并通过所述负载将电池组电 压释放至预设电压值， 当电池組的电压小于或等于预设电压值， 所述控 制单元断开所述开关元件停止负载对电池组电压的释放。
2 . 根据权利要求 1 所述的电池組， 其特征在于： 所述电池組连接至充电 装置时， 断开所述保护电路与所述正极端子的连接； 所述电池組从充电装置 拔离后， 所述保护电路与所述正极和负极端子电性连接。
3 . 根据权利要求 2所述的电池組， 其特征在于： 所述电池組还包括机械 弹片 ， 所述保护电路通过所述机械弹片 与所述正极端子连接。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电池組， 其特征在于： 所述保护电路将所述电 池組电压降至所述预设电压值所需时间小于 1 秒。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电池组， 其特征在于： 所述负载为电阻。
6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电池組， 其特征在于： 所述开关元件为半导体 开关元件。
7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电池組， 其特征在于： 所述控制单元包括电压 基准源。
8. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电池組， 其特征在于： 所述控制单元为 M CU。
9. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电池組， 其特征在于： 所述预设电压值为 42V。
1 0.根据权利要求 1 所述的电池組， 其特征在于： 所述电池組为铅酸电池 组。
PCT/CN2011/071729 2010-03-11 2011-03-11 电池组 Ceased WO2011110102A1 (zh)

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US5440220A (en) * 1991-09-09 1995-08-08 Sony Corporation Battery discharge control circuit
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CN1848591A (zh) * 2005-03-28 2006-10-18 松下电工株式会社 电气设备
CN101164216A (zh) * 2005-04-08 2008-04-16 优昵森电子有限公司 保护电池用的电路和芯片、其制造方法及具有其的电池组
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