WO2011108957A1 - Procédé pour créer chez un individu une désorientation spatiale et dispositif pour réaliser ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour créer chez un individu une désorientation spatiale et dispositif pour réaliser ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011108957A1
WO2011108957A1 PCT/RU2010/000387 RU2010000387W WO2011108957A1 WO 2011108957 A1 WO2011108957 A1 WO 2011108957A1 RU 2010000387 W RU2010000387 W RU 2010000387W WO 2011108957 A1 WO2011108957 A1 WO 2011108957A1
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Prior art keywords
platform
visual
ring
base
computer
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PCT/RU2010/000387
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Леонид Андреевич КОСИК
Original Assignee
Kosik Leonid Andreevich
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Publication of WO2011108957A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011108957A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • A61M2021/0005—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus
    • A61M2021/0022—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus by the tactile sense, e.g. vibrations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • A61M2021/0005—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus
    • A61M2021/0027—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus by the hearing sense
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • A61M2021/0005—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus
    • A61M2021/0044—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus by the sight sense
    • A61M2021/005—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus by the sight sense images, e.g. video
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/10—General characteristics of the apparatus with powered movement mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to medicine, namely to the field of psychophysiological research.
  • a known method for assessing the functional state of the central nervous system of a person and a device for its implementation (RU 2153847 C2, 08/10/2000).
  • a device for reducing the negative effect of the gravitational field of the Earth on the human body, comprising a base, a supporting structure, movably mounted on the base, and a chair with a seat and back mounted on a supporting structure, an object of work and peripheral equipment RU 2215512 C1, 11/10/2003).
  • a device is also known for reducing the negative effect of the Earth's gravitational field on the human body (RU 2290157 C2, 12/27/2006).
  • the device known from patent RU 2290157, is selected as a prototype because it contains the maximum number of features similar to those of the proposed technical solution.
  • the device according to patent RU 2290157 contains, as claimed, a base and a support structure movably mounted on the base, including a support element equipped with guide rollers, a support element made in the form of a ring mounted on the guide rollers with the possibility of rotation relative to the central axis of the ring, and a chair with a seat and back fixed to the ring, a visual object and equipment.
  • the perception of space and spatial assessments of reality are formed under the influence of the constant gravitational field of the Earth and are based on mutually agreed information from receptors of the sensory organs to the brain.
  • Reflection of reality control of the location and movement of a person in space is carried out by the cortical and subcortical functional systems of the brain.
  • External and internal stimuli arrive through afferent flows from receptors to anatomical and physiological systems - analyzers (analyzers include all sensory organs).
  • the functional systems of the brain continuously analyze the intensity and mutual coordination of stimuli emanating from sensory receptors. Cortical centers of the head brain, compare the data obtained with previous experience and evaluate the surrounding reality as real - familiar and calm, unusual and disturbing or dangerous.
  • the brain When viewing a dynamic video sequence (film, computer game), the brain receives a powerful stream of visual information from the screen (monitor), but without receiving adequate annoying signals from other analyzers (vestibular apparatus, proprioreceptors, tactile receptors, visceral receptors, auditory analyzer) does not perceive this information as events actually occurring with a person.
  • Peripheral receptors of various senses provide information about the parameters of the surrounding reality.
  • the visual analyzer perceives emitted and reflected light and is a highly differentiated source of information on spatial relative positioning and movement of objects.
  • This central - focused vision differentiates objects, determines their relative position, location relative to the observer, and also tracks their relative movement and movement relative to the observer.
  • Peripheral vision differentiates the direction and speed of movement of objects relative to the observer.
  • the human vestibular system perceives changes in the position of the head relative to the gravitational vertical and consists of three mutually perpendicular semicircular canals on the left and right, which play the role of angular acceleration sensors, and two pairs of otolith organs, which respond to linear accelerations and head movements relative to gravitational vertical.
  • the vestibular system is closely related to the peripheral field of vision in the cortical representations of the central nervous system. It is essentially a complement and continuation of the peripheral vision of a person, providing a spatial orientation relative to the plane of the earth's surface. With inadequate perturbations of the vestibular system, preference (control) in determining the spatial position and movement of a person is given to peripheral vision.
  • the proprioreceptors of muscles, bones, joints and internal organs perceive the action of the gravitational field, inform the brain about the pressure force of the body on the support under the influence of the gravitational field of the Earth or under the influence of acceleration (when moving the body in space).
  • Tactile skin receptors perceive the presence of contact with surrounding objects, inform the brain about the location and area of contact.
  • Proprioreceptors and tactile receptors are closely related in cortical representations of the central nervous system and complement each other.
  • the auditory analyzer perceives air vibrations caused by moving objects, determines the localization and direction of movement of sounding objects, the intensity of the general sound background.
  • Visceral receptors perceive low-frequency vibrations and vibration, inform the brain about their intensity, and form a general undifferentiated perception of the surrounding reality.
  • the brain determines the degree of danger of the surrounding space (environment). With the appearance of low-frequency oscillations in the range of 3–20 hertz, a person has an unmotivated sense of anxiety, the danger of which exacerbates the other senses.
  • the work of the proposed device is aimed at the formation of artificial mismatched and contradictory stimulation of all senses (analyzers - visual, vestibular, auditory, tactile, proprioceptive, visceral) to create spatial disorientation.
  • the objective of the invention was to use the features of the brain to control the position of a person in space to create violations of this function, with the aim of creating a realistic perception of the artificial visual-sound series.
  • the technical result both for the method and for the device, is to create spatial disorientation in humans with the aim of creating a realistic perception of artificial visual sound series by using the features of the brain to control the position of a person in space.
  • the indicated technical result in the method of creating spatial disorientation in a person is achieved by the fact that a person artificially using visual objects and equipment stimulates all the senses that are responsible for the perception of space and form spatial assessments of reality. Moreover, the stimulation of visual and auditory analyzers is carried out synchronously and mutually coordinated with each other. Stimulation of the other senses, namely the vestibular apparatus, tactile, proprioceptive and visceral receptors, is not carried out adequately with respect to the visual and auditory analyzers, not synchronously and mismatched with respect to each other, which leads to mismatch of the cortical and subcortical functional systems of the brain, responsible for the perception of space, and, as a result, causes spatial disorientation.
  • the other senses namely the vestibular apparatus, tactile, proprioceptive and visceral receptors
  • a person’s position is periodically changed along with visual objects and equipment from a sitting position to a supine position at a speed of 1–2 degrees per second.
  • the indicated technical result is achieved in that in the device for creating spatial disorientation in a person, comprising a base and a supporting structure movably mounted on the base, including a supporting element equipped with guide rollers, a supporting element made in the form of a ring mounted on guide rollers rotatably relative to the central axis of the ring, and a chair with a seat and back fixed to the ring, a visual object and equipment, according to the invention
  • the base is made in the form of a rectangular plate and equipped with telescopic supports vertically mounted at the corners of the plate with extendable rods.
  • the supporting element includes a rectangular platform placed on the upper ends of the pull-out rods, and at least two racks, the lower end of each of which is rigidly fixed on the platform, and a guide roller is installed on the upper end, an electric drive mounted on the upper surface platforms, a driving roller kinematically connected with the electric drive, interacting with the ring, and a movement mechanism consisting of an elastic element, a support interacting with the surface of the base through an elastic element, transversely electric carriage mounted on a support, a longitudinal electric carriage mounted on a transverse carriage and rigidly fixed to the lower surface of the platform.
  • the composition of the visual object includes a central monitor and at least two side monitors.
  • the equipment includes at least two loudspeakers fixed on the ring, a low-frequency amplifier and a subwoofer located behind the back of the chair, and a source of low-frequency oscillations located under the chair seat.
  • the device is equipped with an inflatable pneumatic footrest located on the platform, a compressor mounted on the platform and connected by an air line to the footrest, a two-axis horizon sensor mounted on the platform, and an electrically connected power supply unit, a switch and a computer.
  • the computer is electrically connected to a two-axis horizon sensor by an input, and an output with a switch, the outputs of which are electrically connected to electric drives of the longitudinal and transverse carriages, respectively.
  • the elastic element of the movement mechanism can be made in the form of a spring.
  • each telescopic support be equipped with an electric drive to move the extendable rod along the vertical axis and lock in place.
  • the power supply, switch, and computer can be installed on the base.
  • Figure 1 shows a device for creating spatial disorientation in humans (side view).
  • Figure 2 shows a device for creating spatial disorientation in a person in dynamics (side view and rear).
  • Fig. 3 shows a change in a person’s position together with visual objects and equipment from a sitting position to a lying position when using the method.
  • the proposed method for creating spatial disorientation in humans is as follows. Using visual objects and equipment, a person is artificially stimulated by all the senses responsible for the perception of space and forming spatial assessments of reality. Stimulation of visual and auditory analyzers is carried out synchronously and mutually coordinated with each other. Stimulation of the other sensory organs, namely the vestibular apparatus, tactile, proprioceptive and visceral receptors, is carried out inadequately with respect to the visual and auditory analyzers, and the mismatch with respect to each other is not synchronous. it leads to a mismatch of the cortical and subcortical functional systems of the brain responsible for the perception of space, and, as a result, causes spatial disorientation. Also periodically change the position of a person along with visual objects and equipment from a sitting position to a supine position at a speed of 1 to 2 degrees per second (Fig. 3).
  • the user forms the initial spatial assessment of reality (in the zone of subsequent events).
  • the user is placed in a chair (4) in front of the central monitor (15) in the zone of focused vision and side monitors (16) located on the sides, in the zone of peripheral vision, (Fig. 1).
  • the central monitor 15
  • the zone of focused vision and side monitors (16) located on the sides, in the zone of peripheral vision, (Fig. 1).
  • sound sources - front on the sides and in the center, behind on the sides, bottom on the sides, behind the back a source of low-frequency sound vibrations (subwoofer) 30-3000 Hz, under the seat a source of low-frequency (3 -20 Hz) oscillations ( 19).
  • the user's feet are placed on a pneumatic footrest (20).
  • the platform (7) is fixed motionless relative to the base (1), there is no image on the monitors, no sound and low-frequency vibrations, the pneumatic stand is not filled with air.
  • the sensory organs inform the brain that the surrounding space is familiar and calm (the organs of vision and hearing testify to this), the chair (4) in which the person sat, is stable (this testimony - organs of the vestibular apparatus), the area of support for a stable position of the body is sufficient (tactile receptors of the skin of the hands, back, buttocks, thighs, feet testify to this), a solid stable support under the feet (this is indicated by proprioreceptors of the feet), - alarming low-frequency vibrations are absent.
  • the user is formed inadequate (relative to visual and auditory afferentypii) afferentations from the side of the vestibular apparatus.
  • the user turns on the source of visual-audio information and proceeds to its perception.
  • the platform with the equipment located on it (armchair, image sources, sound, low-frequency oscillations, pneumatic stand) is moved from a stationary stable position to an unstable equilibrium position on an elastic element ( eleven).
  • any user movements cause arbitrary swinging of the platform (7) in three-dimensional space (in three planes) with different amplitudes - from 0 to 30 degrees along the X and Y axes, and moving up and down along the Z axis from 0 to 50 mm and rotation to the left to the right from 0 to 10 degrees.
  • a subwoofer (18) is switched on through a low-frequency amplifier, low-frequency sound vibrations from which are mechanically transmitted through the chair structure (4) to the skin surface (in places of contact with the chair surface).
  • the cortical representation of the central the nervous system is not able to adequately characterize the localization and contact area of the human body with the surface of the support.
  • a pneumatic footrest is filled with air (20).
  • air (20) With inadequate afferentation from the tactile receptors, a person reflexively seeks support under his legs and increases pressure on the feet. Feet, resting on a soft pad filled with air (20), do not cause sufficient irritation to the proprioreceptors of the legs. In the absence of firm support under the feet, a person experiences the effect of “failing”. This afferentation exacerbates the spatial disorientation of the user.
  • a source of low-frequency vibrations is activated (19), mounted under the seat of a chair, which creates low-frequency vibrations in the range of 3–20 Hz, which are transmitted to the visceral receptors.
  • the user has an unmotivated sense of anxiety, danger, which enhances spatial disorientation and exacerbates the other senses.
  • the user’s position (along with visual objects and equipment) is periodically changed from a sitting position to a lying position at a speed of 1-2 degrees per second (Fig. 3). At the same time, the above-described stimulations are retained.
  • the cortical and subcortical functional systems of the brain responsible for the perception of space and spatial assessments of reality receive a flow of conflicting information from all sensory organs and turn out to be completely disoriented.
  • the only logical source of space perception is artificial visual and sound information.
  • a device for creating spatial disorientation in humans contains a base (1) and a load-bearing structure movably mounted on the base, including a support element equipped with guide rollers (2), a bearing element made in the form of a ring (3), mounted on the guide rollers (2) with the possibility of rotation relative to the central axis of the ring (3), and a chair (4) with a seat and back mounted on the ring, a visual object and equipment.
  • the base (1) is made in the form of a rectangular plate and equipped with telescopic supports (5) vertically mounted at the corners of the plate with extendable rods (6).
  • the support element includes a rectangular platform (7) located at the upper ends of the extension rods (6), and at least two racks (8), the lower end of each of which is rigidly fixed to the platform.
  • a guide roller (2) is installed on the upper end of the uprights.
  • the support element also has an electric drive (9), which is mounted on the upper surface of the platform (7), a drive roller (10), kinematically connected with the electric drive and interacting with the ring (3), and a movement mechanism.
  • the movement mechanism consists of an elastic element (11), a support (12) interacting with the surface of the base (1) through an elastic element (11), a transverse carriage
  • the visual object includes a central monitor (15) and two side monitors (16).
  • the equipment includes loudspeakers (17) fixed to the ring (3), a low-frequency amplifier and a subwoofer (18) located behind the back of the chair, and a source of low-frequency oscillations (19) located under the chair seat.
  • the device is equipped with an inflatable pneumatic footrest (20) located on the platform (7), a compressor (21) with a drive mounted on the platform and connected by an air line to the footrest, and a two-axis horizon sensor mounted on the platform ( 22) to determine the position of the supporting structure in three-dimensional space, as well as electrically connected power supply unit (23), switch (24) and computer (25).
  • power supply, switch, and computer can be installed on the basis of (1).
  • Computer (25) is electrically connected to a biaxial horizon sensor (22) by an input and an output to a switch (24), the outputs of which are electrically connected to electric drives (26, 27) of the longitudinal and transverse carriages (14,13), respectively.
  • the elastic element (11) of the movement mechanism can be made in the form of a spring. It is envisaged that each telescopic support (5) is equipped with an electric drive for moving the extendable rod (6) along the vertical axis and fixing it in a predetermined position.
  • a device for creating spatial disorientation in humans works as follows.
  • the device’s work is aimed at creating an artificial, mismatched and contradictory stimulation of all sensory organs (analyzers - visual, vestibular, auditory, tactile, proprioceptive, visceral) to create spatial disorientation.
  • Starting position the device is installed on a horizontal surface.
  • the user sits in a chair (4).
  • the X, Y, and Z axes correspond to the center of the total mass of the moving part of the structure and the operator located on it.
  • Retractable rods (6) of telescopic supports (5) are in the upper position and motionlessly fix the platform (7).
  • the ring (3) holds the chair (4) in a sitting position ( Figure 1), the pneumatic footrest (20) is not filled with air, the image, sound and low-frequency vibrations are absent.
  • the user turns on the computer and proceeds with the work.
  • the user is located in front of the central monitor (15), and to artificially stimulate peripheral vision, side monitors are activated (16). It should be noted that all visual information from the monitor screens moves with the user on the platform (7).
  • the mobile part of the device In order to artificially stimulate the vestibular analyzer, the mobile part of the device, together with the user, is moved from a stable (initial) position to an unstable equilibrium position.
  • the on-board computer (25) (according to the attached program), via the switch (24), turns on the electric drives of the telescopic supports (5) and puts the sliding rods (6) to the lower position and thereby brings the circuit board - form (7) from an immovable stable position to a position of unstable equilibrium on an elastic element (11).
  • the supporting structure movably mounted on the base (1) including the supporting element and the supporting element made in the form of a ring (3), and a visual object and equipment fixed on the ring chair (4), goes out of equilibrium and - randomly swinging in three planes (Fig.1 and 2).
  • the computer (25) generates the output signals coming from the biaxial horizontal sensor (22), which, through the switch (24), drive the corresponding electric drives (26.27), respectively, of the longitudinal and transverse carriages (14.13) (movement mechanism ), which move the supporting structure together with the operator (user) in three-dimensional space (in three planes) relative to the vector of the Earth's gravitational field.
  • the center of mass (the moving part of the device plus the user) is shifted to the corresponding side along the X axis.
  • the two-axis horizontal sensor (22) is activated and switches on the electric drive (26) via a longitudinal carriage, which moves the longitudinal carriage (14) in the opposite direction until the equilibrium of the moving part of the structure on the elastic element (11) is restored.
  • multichannel sound is switched on through the low-frequency amplifier.
  • loudspeakers (17) sound signals are generated synchronized with the visual range (the soundtrack always corresponds to the events occurring in the film, video game). This afferentation does not correspond to stimuli coming from the side of the vestibular apparatus, which additionally violates the spatial orientation.
  • a subwoofer (18) is switched on through a low-frequency amplifier, low-frequency sound vibrations from which are mechanically transmitted through the chair structure (4) to the skin surface (in places of contact with the chair surface).
  • the compressor (21) fills the air with a pneumatic stand for feet (20). In the absence of firm support under the feet, a person experiences the effect of “failing”. This afferentation exacerbates the spatial disorientation of the user.
  • the user has an unmotivated sense of anxiety and danger, which enhances spatial disorientation and exacerbates the rest of the senses.
  • the cortical and subcortical functional systems of the brain which are responsible for the perception of space and spatial assessments of reality, receive a stream of conflicting information from all the senses and are completely disoriented.
  • the only logical source of space perception is artificial visual and sound information.
  • the present invention can be applied to create real feelings by users of a home computer when used in games, in game modules and flight simulators, as well as in medicine for conducting psychophysiological studies.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine de la médecine. Le procédé permettant de créer chez un individu une désorientation spatiale consiste à stimuler les analyseurs visuels et auditifs de manière synchrone et concordante. Les autres organes sensoriels ne sont pas stimulés de manière égale par rapport aux analyseurs visuels et auditifs, ni de manière synchrone, et sont discordants entre eux, ce qui entraîne une discordance des systèmes fonctionnels cortical et subcortical du cerveau qui réagissent à la perception de l'espace, ce qui a pour conséquence une désorientation spatiale. Dans le dispositif permettant de réaliser le procédé de l'invention, la base se présente sous la forme d'une plaque rectangulaire et est pourvue de supports télescopiques qui sont montés verticalement au niveau des angles de la plaque et ont des tiges extensibles. L'élément de support comprend une plate-forme rectangulaire, une commande électrique, un cylindre d'entraînement et un mécanisme de déplacement. Le dispositif est également pourvu d'un repose-pieds pneumatique gonflable qui est disposé sur la plate-forme, d'un compresseur et d'un capteur biaxial de l'horizon qui est monté sur la plate-forme également et est connecté électriquement à une alimentation électrique, d'un commutateur et d'un ordinateur. L'ordinateur est connecté électriquement à une entrée du capteur biaxial de l'horizon et à une sortie du commutateur, les sorties de ce dernier étant connectées électriquement aux commandes électriques d'un chariot support longitudinal et transversal, respectivement.
PCT/RU2010/000387 2010-03-01 2010-07-12 Procédé pour créer chez un individu une désorientation spatiale et dispositif pour réaliser ce procédé WO2011108957A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2010107358/14A RU2425667C1 (ru) 2010-03-01 2010-03-01 Устройство для создания пространственной дезориентации у человека
RU2010107358 2010-03-01

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US11219311B1 (en) 2020-10-06 2022-01-11 James Mark Kondziela Ergonomic multi-positionable workstation
CN114668948A (zh) * 2022-03-24 2022-06-28 江苏省人民医院（南京医科大学第一附属医院） 一体式垂直感知训练仪

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CN104835402A (zh) * 2015-05-17 2015-08-12 佛山市三水区希望火炬教育科技有限公司 一种青少年科普教学专用的宇航员空地通讯对讲系统
RU2653448C1 (ru) * 2017-05-22 2018-05-08 Александр Юрьевич Беленький Симулятор полета космического корабля
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