WO2011099747A2 - Émetteur / récepteur de signaux de diffusion et procédé d'émission / réception de signaux de diffusion - Google Patents

Émetteur / récepteur de signaux de diffusion et procédé d'émission / réception de signaux de diffusion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011099747A2
WO2011099747A2 PCT/KR2011/000817 KR2011000817W WO2011099747A2 WO 2011099747 A2 WO2011099747 A2 WO 2011099747A2 KR 2011000817 W KR2011000817 W KR 2011000817W WO 2011099747 A2 WO2011099747 A2 WO 2011099747A2
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plp
mimo
signaling information
field
receiver
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PCT/KR2011/000817
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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WO2011099747A3 (fr
Inventor
고우석
문상철
박정환
홍호택
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엘지전자 주식회사
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Publication of WO2011099747A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011099747A2/fr
Publication of WO2011099747A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011099747A3/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signaling for the administration of the divided path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H40/00—Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information
    • H04H40/18—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071—Use of interleaving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a broadcast signal transmitter / receiver and a method of transmitting / receiving a broadcast signal. More particularly, the present invention relates to a broadcast signal transmitter / receiver and a broadcast signal compatible with a conventional broadcast signal transceiver while improving data transmission efficiency. The present invention relates to a broadcast signal transmitter / receiver for transmitting signaling information capable of receiving a signal and a method of transmitting / receiving the same.
  • the digital broadcast signal may transmit a larger amount of video / audio data than the analog broadcast signal, and may include various additional data in addition to the video / audio data.
  • the digital broadcasting system can provide HD (High Definition) level video, multi-channel sound, and various additional services.
  • HD High Definition
  • data transmission efficiency for high-capacity data transmission, robustness of the transmission / reception network, and flexibility of the network considering mobile reception equipment still need to be improved.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadcast signals capable of receiving a digital broadcast signal without errors even in a mobile reception equipment or an indoor environment.
  • the present invention also provides a broadcast signal transmitter / receiver and a method for transmitting / receiving signaling information to receive a broadcast signal according to a receiver characteristic.
  • the present invention also provides a transmitter / receiver and a method for transmitting / receiving a broadcast signal capable of achieving the above object and maintaining compatibility with a conventional broadcast system.
  • a broadcast signal receiver is a receiver for receiving a broadcast signal including a transport frame for transmitting a broadcast service, wherein the transport frame includes a preamble and a plurality of PLPs.
  • the preamble includes first signaling information
  • the plurality of PLPs includes a plurality of PLP groups, second signaling information, third signaling information, and fourth signaling information, and includes a first signal included in the preamble.
  • a first decoder for decoding signaling information wherein the first signaling information includes a first identifier for identifying each of the plurality of PLP groups, a second identifier for identifying each of the plurality of PLPs, and a broadcast service included in the plurality of PLPs.
  • a third identifier for identifying each component of the second signaling information, the third signaling information, and the third;
  • a second decoder for decoding fourth signaling information and decoding the plurality of PLPs using the second, third and fourth signaling information, the second signaling information including a first descriptor comprising the first identifier;
  • the third signaling information includes a fourth identifier for identifying the broadcast service, and the fourth signaling information includes a fifth identifier for identifying a type of a transport stream, the second identifier, and a third identifier. It can include two descriptors.
  • the present invention by using a MIMO system in a digital broadcasting system, it is possible to increase data transmission efficiency and increase robustness of transmitting and receiving broadcast signals.
  • MIMO processing enables the receiver to efficiently recover MIMO received signals even in various broadcasting environments.
  • the present invention provides a broadcast signal transmitter / receiver and a transmission / reception method for ensuring compatibility by using a conventional transmission / reception system while using a MIMO system, and selectively receiving or processing data according to characteristics of a receiver. Can provide.
  • the present invention can provide a broadcast signal transmitter / receiver and a method of transmitting / receiving a broadcast signal capable of receiving a digital broadcast signal without error even in a mobile reception equipment or an indoor environment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transmitter using a MIMO technique according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 2 illustrates an input processing module 101200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is another embodiment of a stream adaptation block 102200 included in the input processing module 101200 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a BICM encoder 101300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a frame builder 101400 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 6 illustrates an OFDM generator 101500 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a broadcast signal receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an OFDM demodulator 108100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 9 illustrates a frame demapper 107200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a BICM decoder 107300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an output processing module 107500 of a broadcast signal receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an additional transport frame structure based on PLP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the structure of an additional transmission frame based on FEF according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 14A and 14B illustrate a P1 symbol generation process for identifying an additional transmission frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 16 illustrates L1-post signaling information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 17 illustrates L1-post signaling information according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram of a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter using SVC according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram of a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter using SVC according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 20 is a conceptual diagram of a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter using SVC according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • 21 is a diagram illustrating a transmission frame structure transmitted by a terrestrial broadcasting system to which a MIMO transmission system using SVC is applied according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a MIMO transmission / reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a data transmission / reception method according to MIMO transmission of an SM scheme in a channel environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 25 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 26 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 27 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 29 illustrates an OFDM generator of a transmitter for inserting an AP1 symbol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates a structure of a P1 symbol and an AP1 symbol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 31 illustrates an OFDM demodulator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a broadcast system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 33 is a block diagram illustrating a process of receiving a PLP suitable for a use of a receiver according to a broadcasting system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 35 illustrates fields included in the L1 signaling information region of FIG. 34 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 36 illustrates fields included in the L1 signaling information region of FIG. 34 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 37 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an association relationship between a service and a PLP group according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 38 illustrates an embodiment of a delivery system descriptor field according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 39 is yet another conceptual diagram illustrating an association relationship between a service and a PLP group according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 40 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a component ID descriptor field according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 41 is a flowchart illustrating a service scan method of a receiver according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 42 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an association relationship between a service and a PLP according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 43 illustrates an embodiment of a delivery system descriptor field according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 44 illustrates an embodiment of a component ID descriptor field according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 45 is a flowchart illustrating a service scan method of a receiver according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 46 is a flowchart illustrating a broadcast signal receiving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Various technologies have been introduced to increase transmission efficiency and perform robust communication in digital broadcasting systems. As one of them, a method of using a plurality of antennas at a transmitting side or a receiving side has been proposed, and a single antenna transmission single antenna reception scheme (SISO), a single antenna transmission multiple antenna reception scheme (SISO) SIMO; Single-Input Multi-Output (Multi-Input) Multi-antenna transmission may be divided into a single antenna reception method (MISO; Multi-Input Sinle-Output), a multi-antenna transmission multi-antenna reception method (MIMO; Multi-Input Multi-Output).
  • MISO Single antenna transmission single antenna reception scheme
  • MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output
  • MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output
  • the multi-antenna may be described as an example of two antennas for convenience of description, but this description of the present invention can be applied to a system using two or more antennas.
  • the SISO scheme represents a general broadcast system using one transmit antenna and one receive antenna.
  • the SIMO method represents a broadcast system using one transmitting antenna and a plurality of receiving antennas.
  • the MISO scheme represents a broadcast system that provides transmit diversity using a plurality of transmit antennas and a plurality of receive antennas.
  • the MISO scheme represents an Alamouti scheme.
  • the MISO method refers to a method in which data can be received without a performance loss with one antenna. In the reception system, the same data may be received by a plurality of reception antennas to improve performance, but even in this case, the description is included in the scope of the MISO.
  • the performance of a system with MIMO technology depends on the characteristics of the transport channel, especially in systems with independent channel environments. In other words, the more the independent channels from each antenna of the transmitting end to each antenna of the receiving end are not correlated with each other, the performance of the system using MIMO technology can be improved.However, between Lx (line-of-sight) environment, In a channel environment where the channels are highly correlated, the performance of a system using the MIMO technology may be drastically degraded or an operation may be impossible.
  • the present invention proposes a method that can solve these existing problems and problems in the following.
  • additional broadcast signals or enhanced broadcast signals
  • a conventional terrestrial broadcast system such as a terrestrial broadcast system such as DVB-T2.
  • a transceiver and a method of transmitting and receiving can be provided.
  • a video having scalability that can be transmitted by being divided into a basic video component that is robust to a communication environment but has a low image quality and an extended video component that can provide a high quality image but is rather vulnerable to a communication environment. Coding methods can be used.
  • SVC is described as a video coding method having scalability, but any other video coding method may be applied.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter and receiver of the present invention may perform MISO processing and MIMO processing on a plurality of signals transmitted and received through a plurality of antennas, and hereinafter, signal processing is performed on two signals transmitted and received through two antennas.
  • the broadcast signal transceiver to be described.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transmitter using a MIMO technique according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter includes an input pre-processor 101100, an input processing module 101200, a bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) encoder 101300, a frame builder 101400, and OFDM. (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) generator (or transmitter) 101500 may be included.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter according to the present invention may receive a plurality of MPEG-TS streams or General Sream Encapsulation (GSE) streams (or GS streams).
  • GSE General Sream Encapsulation
  • the input pre-processor 101100 may generate a plurality of physical layer pipes (PLPs) as a service unit to provide robustness to an input stream, that is, a plurality of MPEG-TS streams or a GSE stream.
  • PLPs physical layer pipes
  • the PLP is a unit of data identified in the physical layer, and data is processed in the same transmission path for each PLP.
  • the PLPs are data having the same property of the physical layer processed in the transmission path and may be mapped in units of cells in the frame.
  • the PLP may be viewed as a physical layer time division multiplex (TDM) channel carrying one or a plurality of services.
  • TDM time division multiplex
  • the unit of the identifiable stream in the physical layer transmitted through the path or through such a service is called PLP.
  • the input processing module 101200 may generate a base band (BB) frame including a plurality of generated PLPs.
  • the BICM module 101300 may add redundancy to the BB frame and interleave PLP data included in the BB frame so as to correct an error on the transmission channel.
  • the frame builder 101400 may map a plurality of PLPs to a transport frame and add signaling information to complete the transport frame structure.
  • the OFDM generator 101500 may OFDM demodulate the input data from the frame builder and divide the input data into a plurality of paths that can be transmitted through a plurality of antennas.
  • FIG 2 illustrates an input processing module 101200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the input processing module 101200 when receiving one input stream.
  • the input processing module 101200 may include a mode adaptation block 102100 and a stream adaptation block 102200.
  • the mode adaptation block 102100 divides an input bit stream into logical units for performing FEC (BCH / LDPC) encoding in a subsequent BICM encoder, and performs mapping by performing an input interface module 102110 and a CRC to the mapped bit stream.
  • a cyclic redundancy check-8 (CRC-8) encoder 102120 for encoding and a BB header inserter 102130 for inserting a BB header having a fixed size into the data field may be included.
  • the BB header may include mode adaptation type (TS / GS / IP) information, user packet length information, data field length information, and the like.
  • the stream adaptation block 102200 includes a padding inserter 102210 and a pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) for inserting padding bits to complete a BB frame when input data fails to fill one BB frame for FEC encoding.
  • PRBS pseudo random binary sequence
  • a BB scrambler 102220 that generates the input bit stream and XORs the generated PRBS to randomize the data.
  • 2B illustrates another embodiment of the mode adaptation block 102100 included in the input processing module 101200 when receiving a plurality of input streams.
  • the mode adaptation block 102100 includes p + 1 input interface modules 102300-0 through p, p + 1 input stream sink modules 102310-0 through p, and p + 1 delay compensation units 102320-0 through p), p + 1 null packet remover (102330-0 ⁇ p), p + 1 CRC encoder (102340-0 ⁇ p) and p + 1 BB header inserter (102350-0 ⁇ p) can do.
  • the input p + 1 input streams can be independently processed as a stream in which a plurality of MPEG-TS or GSE streams are converted, and can be a complete stream including several service components or include only one service component. It may be a stream of minimum units.
  • a path for transmitting an input stream to be independently processed as described above may be referred to as a PLP.
  • Each service may be transmitted and received through a plurality of RF channels, the PLP data may be included in slots distributed with a time interval in a plurality of RF channels, it may be distributed with a time interval in one RF channel It may be.
  • Such a signal frame may transmit PLPs distributed over at least one RF channel in time. In other words, one PLP may be transmitted distributed in time in one RF channel or multiple RF channels.
  • an arbitrary PLP is selected from a plurality of PLPs, and information that can be commonly applied to a plurality of PLPs is transmitted through a selected PLP.
  • PLPs may be referred to as common PLPs or L2 signaling information.
  • common PLPs There may be a plurality of common PLPs according to a designer's intention, and the common PLPs may be located after the L1 signaling information in a transport frame.
  • p + 1 input interface modules 102300-0 to p p + 1 CRC encoders 102340-0 to p, and p + 1 BB header inserts 102350-0 to p are shown in FIG. Since the input interface module 102100, the CRC-8 encoder 102120, and the BB header insertion unit 102130 perform the same functions, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the p + 1 input stream sink modulators 102310-0 to p may insert input stream clock reference (ISCR) information, that is, timing information necessary to recover a transport stream (TS) or a generic stream (GS) at a receiver. .
  • ISCR input stream clock reference
  • the p + 1 delay compensators 102320-0 to p can synchronize data by delaying the PLPs in group units based on the timing information inserted by the input stream synchronizer, and p + 1 null packets.
  • the removers 10330-0 through p may delete unnecessary transmitted null packets inserted in the delay compensated BB frame, and insert the number of deleted null packets according to the deleted positions.
  • FIG 3 is another embodiment of a stream adaptation block 102200 included in the input processing module 101200 of the present invention.
  • the stream adaptation block 102200 shown in FIG. 3 performs scheduling for allocating a plurality of PLPs to each slot of a transport frame, and separates the L1-dynamic signaling information of the current frame from the BICM encoder 101300 separately from in-band signaling.
  • P + 1 frame delay units 103200-0 to p for delaying input data by one frame so that scheduling information for subsequent frames can be included in the current frame for in-band signaling, etc.
  • Non-delayed L1-dynamic signaling information is inserted into data delayed by one frame.
  • p + 1 in-band signaling / padding insertion units 103300-0 to p and p + 1 BBs respectively insert padding bits or insert in-band signaling information into the padding space.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a BICM encoder 101300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the BICM encoder 101300 may include a first BICM encoding block 104100 and a second BICM encoding block 104200.
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 may include blocks for processing a plurality of input processed PLPs
  • the second BICM encoding block 104200 may include blocks for processing signaling information, respectively.
  • the signaling information of the present invention may include L1-pre signaling information and L1-post signaling information. The position of each block can be changed according to the designer's intention. Hereinafter, each block will be described in detail.
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 adds redundancy so that a receiver corrects an error on a transmission channel with respect to data included in a PLP (hereinafter, referred to as PLP data), and performs p + 1 encoding and LDPC encoding.
  • PLP data data included in a PLP
  • the bit output order of the bit stream is adjusted by demultiplexing each FEC block in units of p + 1, which is a p + 1 function for distributing and distributing the distribution of data reliability generated in LDPC encoding when performing symbol mapping.
  • First demultiplexers (104130-0 ⁇ p), p + 1 constellation mappers (104140-0 ⁇ p) for mapping the demultiplexed bit-by-bit PLP data to constellations in symbol units, respectively;
  • P + 1 second demultiplexers 104150-0 to p that separate the outputted cells into two paths, namely, a first path and a second path, and interleave cell-by-cell on PLP data mapped to constellations
  • P + 1 constellation rotator / remapping unit for remapping the bit-by-bit PLP data, which is input through the bit unit, to the constellation in units of symbols, and rotating the constellations at an angle according to the modulation type (104180-0) ⁇ p).
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 of the present invention may include an MISO encoder or a MIMO encoder for processing MISO encoding or MIMO encoding for each of a plurality of PLPs.
  • the MISO / MIMO encoder may be located after the p + 1 constellation mappers 104140-0 to p of the present invention, and may be located after the p + 1 time interleavers 104170-0 to p. have.
  • the MISO / MIMO encoder may be included in the OFDM generator 101500 of the present invention.
  • data output through the first path separated from the p + 1 second demultiplexers 104150-0 to p may be transmitted through the first antenna Tx_1, and data output through the second path may be transmitted through the second path. It may be transmitted through the antenna Tx_2.
  • the constellations rotated by the p + 1 constellation rotator / remapping units 104180-0 to p may be represented by I-phase (In-phase) and Q-phase (Quadrature-phase) components.
  • the p + 1 constellation rotator / remapping units 104180-0 to p may delay only the dual Q-phase components to any value. Thereafter, the p + 1 constellation rotator / remapping units 104180-0 to p may remap the interleaved PLP data to the new constellation using the I-phase component and the delayed Q-phase component.
  • the I / Q components of the first path and the second path are mixed with each other, so that diversity gain can be obtained because the same information is transmitted through the first path and the second path, respectively.
  • the positions of the p + 1 constellation rotator / remapping units 104180-0 to p may be located before the cell interleaver, which is changeable according to the designer's intention.
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 may output two pieces of data for each PLP.
  • the first block 104100 may receive and process PLP0 to output two data, STX_0 and STX_0 + 1.
  • the plurality of PLPs may include a base layer and an enhancement layer of a broadcast service processed by the SVC scheme, and may include network information such as a network information table (NIT) or PLP information, a service description table (SDT), and an EIT ( Service information such as an Event Information Table (PMT) and a Program Map Table (PMT) / Program Association Table (PAT) may be included, and only certain PLPs among the plurality of PLPs may include service information. This can be changed according to the designer's intention. Accordingly, the corresponding broadcast signal receiver may decode all of the plurality of PLPs or decode only a specific PLP to obtain service information and receive a desired broadcast service.
  • NIT network information table
  • SDT service description table
  • the second BICM encoding block 104200 is an L1 signaling generator 104210 that encodes input L1-dynamic information and L1-configurable information to generate L1-pre signaling information and L1-post signaling information, and two FEC encoders. It may include a bit interleaver, a demultiplexer, two constellation mappers, two dividers, and two constellation rotators / remappers.
  • the L1 signaling generator 104210 may be included in the stream adaptation block 102200 described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. This can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the remaining blocks perform the same operations as the blocks included in the first BICM encoding block 104100, and thus, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the L1-pre signaling information may include information necessary for decoding the L1-post signaling information at the receiver, and the L1-post signaling information may include information necessary for recovering data received at the receiver.
  • the second BICM encoding block 104200 of the present invention does not perform bit interleaving and demultiplexing on the L1-pre signaling information so as to perform fast decoding of the L1-pre signaling information.
  • the second BICM encoding block 104200 may output two pieces of data for the L1-dynamic information and the L1-configurable information.
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 may receive and process L1-dynamic information to output two data, STX_pre and STX_pre + 1.
  • the BICM encoder 101300 may process data input through the first path and the second path, respectively, and output the data to the frame builder 101400 through the first path and the second path, which may be changed according to the designer's intention. to be.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a frame builder 101400 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 may output two data, such as STX_k and STX_k + 1, for the plurality of PLP data, respectively, and the second BICM encoding block 104200 may provide L1-pre signaling information.
  • Four signaling data that is, STX_pre and STX_pre + 1, and STX_post and STX_post + 1 may be output for the L1-post signaling information.
  • Each output data is input to the frame builder 101400.
  • the frame builder 101400 may first receive four signaling data, that is, STX_pre and STX_pre + 1, and STX_post and STX_post + 1, from among the data output from the BICM module 101300.
  • Delay compensator 105100 that compensates for both the delay of one transmission frame and the delay according to processing in BICM encoder 101300 for L1-pre signaling data or L1-post signaling data, by using the input common scheduling information.
  • the cell mapper 105200 After interleaving the input cells and the cell mapper 105200 for arranging PLP cells and PLP cells including general data and cells including signaling information in an OFDM symbol based array of a transmission frame, It may include a frequency interleaver 105300 for outputting the interleaved data through the first path and the second path.
  • the cell mapper 105200 may include a common PLP assembler, a sub-slice processor, a data PLP assembler, and signaling information assembler blocks, and each block performs a function of disposing each cell by using scheduling information included in the signaling information. Can be.
  • the cell mapper 105200 may apply the same cell mapping method to the first path and the second path, or may apply different cell mapping methods. This may vary depending on the scheduling information.
  • the frame builder 101400 may process the data input through the first path and the second path, respectively, and output the data to the OFDM generator 101500 through the first path and the second path, which may be changed according to a designer's intention. to be.
  • FIG 6 illustrates an OFDM generator 101500 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the OFDM generator 101500 may receive and demodulate a broadcast signal through a first path and a second path, and output the demodulated signals to two antennas Tx1 and Tx2.
  • the OFDM generator 101500 may also be referred to as a transmitter.
  • a block for modulating a broadcast signal to be transmitted through the first antenna Tx1 is called a first OFDM generating unit 106100
  • a block for modulating a broadcast signal to be transmitted through the second antenna Tx2 is referred to as a block. It may be referred to as 2 OFDM generating unit 106200.
  • the first antenna and the second antenna may apply polarity to the transmission signal according to the sign of the correlation and transmit the same.
  • the MIMO scheme using such a technique may be referred to as a polarity multiplexing MIMO scheme
  • the first antenna for transmitting the first antenna with polarity to the received signal may be a vertical antenna
  • the second antenna that transmits by adding polarity to the signal may be referred to as a horizontal path.
  • the modules included in the first OFDM generating unit 106100 and the second OFDM generating unit 106200 will be described.
  • the first OFDM generating unit 106100 performs MISO encoding for MISO encoding to have transmit diversity on input symbols transmitted in each path.
  • a pilot insertion module 106120 for inserting a position into the IFFT module 106130, an inverse fast fourier tramsform (IFFT) module 106130 for performing an IFFT operation on a signal of each path into which a pilot is inserted, and a signal of a time domain PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) module 106140, which reduces the PAPR and outputs it to the GI insertion module 106150 or feeds back the necessary information to the pilot insertion module 106120 according to the PAPR reduction algorithm.
  • IFFT inverse fast fourier tramsform
  • Guard Interval (GI) insertion module which copies the last part of the effective OFDM symbol and inserts the guard interval into each OFDM symbol in the form of a cyclic prefix (CP) to output to the P1 symbol insertion module 106160 ( 106150, a P1 symbol insertion module 106160 for inserting a P1 symbol at the beginning of each transmission frame, and a DAC for converting each signal frame in which the P1 symbol is inserted into an analog signal and then transmitting the analog signal through a corresponding first antenna Tx1.
  • (Digital-to-Analog Convert) module 106170 may be included.
  • the MISO encoder 106110 may process the input symbols in at least one of MIMO, MISO, and SISO.
  • MIMO encoding may be performed on all of the plurality of PLP data
  • MISO encoding may be performed on some PLP data
  • MISO encoding may be performed on signaling data.
  • dual SISO encoding may be performed on the signaling data.
  • the MISO encoder 106110 may be located in front of the first OFDM generating unit 106100 without being included in the first OFDM generating unit 106100.
  • the second OFDM generating unit 106200 may include the same module as the first OFDM generating unit 106100, and performs the same functions as the modules included in the first OFDM generating unit 106100, respectively. Is omitted.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a broadcast signal receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal receiver may include an OFDM demodulator 107100, a frame demapper 107200, a BICM decoder 107300, and an output processor 107400.
  • the OFDM demodulator (or OFDM demodulator or receiver) 107100 may convert signals received by the plurality of receive antennas into signals in a frequency domain.
  • the frame demapper 107200 may output PLPs for a required service among signals converted into the frequency domain.
  • the BICM decoder 107300 may correct an error caused by the transport channel, and the output processor 107400 may perform processes necessary to generate an output TS or GS stream.
  • the input antenna signal may receive a dual polarity signal, and one or a plurality of streams may be output of the output TS or GS stream.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an OFDM demodulator 108100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the OFDM demodulator 108100 of FIG. 8 may receive broadcast signals of respective paths received through two antennas Rx1 and Rx2 and perform OFDM demodulation, respectively.
  • a block for demodulating a broadcast signal to be received through a first antenna Rx1 is called a first OFDM demodulator 108100 and a block for demodulating a broadcast signal to be received through a second antenna Rx2. May be referred to as a second OFDM demodulator 108200.
  • a polarity multiplexing MIMO scheme may be used as an embodiment.
  • the first OFDM demodulator 108100 OFDM demodulates the broadcast signal input through the first antenna Rx1 and outputs the demodulated signal to the frame builder through the first path
  • the second OFDM demodulator 108200 May OFDM-modulate the broadcast signal input through the second antenna Rx2 and output the OFDM signal to the frame demapper 107200 through the second path.
  • the first OFDM demodulator 108100 includes an ADC module 108110, a P1 symbol detection module 108120, a synchronization module 108130, a GI cancellation module 108140, an FFT module 108150, and a channel estimation module 108160. And MISO decoder 108170.
  • the second OFDM demodulator 108200 may include the same module as the first OFDM demodulator 108100 and performs the same functions as the modules included in the first OFDM demodulator 108100. do.
  • the MISO decoder 108170 may process input data in at least one of MIMO, MISO, and SISO.
  • MIMO decoding may be performed on all of the plurality of PLP data
  • MISO decoding may be performed on some PLP data
  • transmission frame may be output by performing MISO decoding only on signaling data.
  • dual SIO decoding may be performed on the signaling data.
  • the MISO decoder 106110 may not be included in the first OFDM demodulator 106100 but may be positioned in front of the first OFDM generator 106100.
  • the OFDM demodulator 107100 illustrated in FIG. 8 may perform a reverse process of the OFDM generator 101500 described with reference to FIG. 6, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG 9 illustrates a frame demapper 107200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the frame demapper 107200 may include a frequency deinterleaver 109100 and a cell mapper 109200 for processing data input through the first path and the second path, respectively. This can be changed according to the designer's intention. Since the frame demapper 107200 illustrated in FIG. 9 may perform a reverse process of the frame builder 101400 described with reference to FIG. 5, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a BICM decoder 107300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the BICM decoder 107300 may include a first BICM decoding block for processing from SRx_0 data to SRx_p + 1 data output through the first and second paths output from the frame demapper 107200 ( 110100, and a second BICM decoding block 110200 for processing from SRx_pre data to SRx_post + 1 data output through the first path and the second path.
  • the LLR value when the constellation is rotated at an angle and only the Q-phase component of the constellation is delayed to an arbitrary value, the LLR value can be calculated in consideration of the constellation rotation angle. If the constellation rotation and Q-phase component delay are not performed, the LLR value can be calculated based on the normal QAM.
  • p + 1 constellation demappers 110110-0 to p included in the first BICM decoding block 110100 and two constellation demappers 110210-0 to P2 included in the second BICM decoding block 111200. 1) may be located before the cell interleaver, which is changeable according to the designer's intention.
  • the BICM decoder 107300 of the present invention may include a MISO decoder or a MIMO decoder according to a designer's intention.
  • the position of the MISO decoder or the MIMO decoder may be after the cell interleaver or after the constellation demapper, which can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the BICM decoder 107300 of the present invention may mean one block including the first BICM decoding block 110100 and the second BICM decoding block 110200, and the first BICM decoding block 110100 and the second BICM.
  • the decoding blocks 110200 may be referred to as independent decoders, respectively. This can be changed according to the designer's intention. Therefore, when the second BICM decoding block 110100 decodes the signaling information, the first BICM decoding block 110200 may identify and decode the PLP including the desired service or service component using the decoded signaling information.
  • the p + 1 first multiplexers 110120-0 to p and the two first multiplexers 110220-0 to p shown in FIG. 10 are configured to transmit cells separated and transmitted through the first path and the second path. Can merge into a cell stream.
  • the remaining blocks included in the BICM decoder 107300 may perform an inverse process of the BICM encoder 101300 described with reference to FIG. 4, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an output processing module 107500 of a broadcast signal receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the output processing module 107500 illustrated in FIG. 11A corresponds to the input processing module 101100 that processes the single PLP described in FIG. 1A, and as an embodiment of the output processing module that performs reverse processing thereof.
  • a BB descrambler 111100, a padding removal module 111110, a CRC-8 decoder 111120, and a BB frame processor 111130 may be included.
  • the output processing module 107500 shown in A of FIG. 11 receives a bit stream from a BICM decoder 107300 (or a decoding module) that performs reverse processing of BICM encoding of a broadcast signal transmitter in a broadcast signal receiver, and thus, in FIG. Since the input processing module 101200 described above may perform a reverse process of the process, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating an output processing module 107500 of a broadcast receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the output processing module 107500 illustrated in FIG. 11B may correspond to the input processing module 101200 that processes the plurality of PLPs described in FIG. 2B, and may perform reverse processing thereof.
  • the output processing module 107500 illustrated in FIG. 11B may correspond to the input processing module 101200 that processes the plurality of PLPs described in FIG. 2B, and may perform reverse processing thereof.
  • 11B may include a plurality of blocks to process a plurality of PLPs, and includes p + 1 BB descramblers, p + 1 padding removal modules, and p +1 CRC-8 decoder, p + 1 BB frame processors, and p + 1 to compensate for delays randomly inserted in the broadcast signal transmitter according to time to output (TTO) parameter information for synchronization between a plurality of PLPs P + 1 null packet insertion module (111210-0 ⁇ ) for restoring null packets removed from the transmitter by referring to de-jitter buffers (111200-0 ⁇ p) and deleted null packet (DNP) information p), the TS clock regeneration module 111220 for restoring detailed time synchronization of the output packet based on the input stream time reference (ISCR) information, in-band transmitted through the padding bit field of the data PLP In-band signaling decode recovers and outputs signaling information (111 240) and receiving the data PLP associated with the common restoring PLP may include a
  • Processing of a plurality of PLPs of a broadcast signal receiver may be performed when decoding a data PLP associated with a common PLP or when the broadcast signal receiver includes a plurality of services or service components (eg, components of a scalable video service (SVC)). ) Can be described as an example.
  • the operation of the BB scrambler, the padding removal module, the CRC-8 decoder and the BB frame processor is as described above with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an additional transport frame structure based on PLP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a transmission frame may include a preamble region and a data region.
  • the preamble region may include a P2 symbol including a P1 symbol and L1 signaling information
  • the data region may include a plurality of data symbols.
  • the P1 symbol may transmit P1 signaling information related to a transmission type and a basic transmission parameter, and the receiver may detect a transmission frame using the P1 symbol.
  • the common PLP may include network information such as a network information table (NIT) or service information such as PLP information and a service description table (SDT) or an event information table (EIT).
  • NIT network information table
  • SDT service description table
  • EIT event information table
  • the plurality of data symbols located after the P2 symbol may include a plurality of PLP data.
  • the plurality of PLPs may include audio, video and data TS streams and PSI / SI information such as a program association table (PAT) and a program map table (PMT).
  • PSI / SI information such as a program association table (PAT) and a program map table (PMT).
  • a PLP transmitting PSI / SI information may be referred to as a base PLP.
  • the PLP may include a type 1 PLP transmitted by one sub slice per transmission frame and a type 2 PLP transmitted by a plurality of sub slices.
  • the plurality of PLPs may transmit one service or may transmit service components included in one service. If the PLP transmits a service component, the transmitting side may transmit signaling information indicating that the PLP transmits the service component.
  • the present invention may share an RF frequency band with a conventional terrestrial broadcasting system and transmit additional data (or an enhanced broadcast signal) in addition to the basic data through a specific PLP.
  • the transmitting side may define a signal or a system currently transmitted through the signaling information of the P1 symbol described above.
  • additional data is video data
  • PLP M1 112100 and PLP (M1 + M2) 112200 which are type 2 PLPs of a transmission frame may include additional video data and transmit the same.
  • such a transmission frame for transmitting additional video data may be referred to as an additional transmission frame.
  • the additional transmission frame may transmit additional video data according to a designer's intention, as well as data related to a new broadcasting system different from the conventional terrestrial broadcasting system.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the structure of an additional transmission frame based on FEF according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a case in which a future extension frame (FEF) is used to transmit the aforementioned additional video data.
  • FEF future extension frame
  • a frame for transmitting basic video data may be referred to as a basic frame
  • an FEF for transmitting additional video data may be referred to as an additional transmission frame.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a structure of a super frame 113100 and 113200 in which a basic frame and an additional transmission frame are multiplexed.
  • the undisplayed frames 113100-1 to n are basic frames
  • the displayed frames 113110-1 to 2 are additional transmission frames.
  • FIG. 13A is a diagram illustrating a case where a ratio of a basic frame to an additional transmission frame is N: 1.
  • the time required for the receiver to receive the next additional transmission frame 113120-2 after receiving one additional transmission frame 113120-1 may correspond to about n basic frames.
  • 13B is a diagram illustrating a case where a ratio of a basic frame to an additional transmission frame is 1: 1.
  • the additional transmission frame may have a structure very similar to the basic frame in order to maximize the sharing with the basic frame.
  • the time taken by the receiver to receive one additional transmission frame 113210-1 and then receive the next additional transmission frame 113210-1 corresponds to about one basic frame 113220, A of FIG. 13A. The cycle is shorter than the case shown in.
  • 14A and 14B illustrate a P1 symbol generation process for identifying an additional transmission frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the additional transmission frame of the present invention may include a P1 symbol for transmitting additional signaling information as described above, which may be referred to as a new_system_P1 symbol. This may be different from the P1 symbol used in the existing transmission frame, and may be a plurality. In this case, the new_system_P1 symbol may be positioned in front of the first P2 symbol in the preamble region of the transmission frame.
  • the P1 symbol of the existing transmission frame may be modified and used.
  • the present invention proposes a method of generating a new_system_P1 symbol by modifying a structure of a P1 symbol of an existing transmission frame, or by modifying a symbol generation unit 114100 that generates a symbol.
  • a new_system_P1 symbol may be generated by modifying the structure of the P1 symbol of the existing transmission frame illustrated in A of FIG. 14.
  • the new_system_P1 symbol may be generated by modifying the frequency shift value f_SH for the prefix and postfix of the existing P1 symbol or by changing the length of the P1 symbol (T_P1C or T_P1B).
  • the parameters (sizes of f_SH, T_P1C, and T_P1B) used in the P1 symbol structure must also be appropriately modified.
  • FIG. 14B is a diagram illustrating a P1 symbol generation unit that generates a P1 symbol.
  • the P1 symbol generation unit illustrated in B of FIG. 14 may be modified to generate a new_system_P1 symbol.
  • a method of changing the distribution of an active carrier used for the P1 symbol from the CDS table module 114110, the MSS module 114120, and the CAB structure module 114130 included in the P1 symbol generation unit for example, How the CDS table module 114110 uses a different complementary set of sequence (CSS), or a pattern for the information to be sent as a P1 symbol (the MSS module 114120 uses a different complementary set of sequence)
  • the L1 signaling information may include L1-pre signaling information and L1-post signaling information.
  • the L1-pre signaling information may include information necessary for receiving and decoding the L1-post signaling information.
  • the following describes each field included in the table. The size of each field and the types of fields that can be included in the table can be added or changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the TYPE field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may indicate whether the input stream type is TS or GS.
  • the BWT_EXT field is a field having a size of 1 bit and may indicate whether bandwidth of an OFDM symbol is extended.
  • the S1 field is a field having a size of 3 bits and may indicate whether the current transmission system is MISO or SISO.
  • the S2 field is a field having a size of 4 bits and may indicate an FFT size.
  • the L1_REPETITION_FLAG field has a size of 1 bit and may indicate a repetition flag of the L1 signal.
  • the GUARD_INTERVAL field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate the guard interval size of the current transmission frame.
  • the PAPR field is a field having a size of 4 bits and may indicate a method of PAPR reduction.
  • the PAPR method used in the present invention may be an ACE method or a TR method.
  • the L1_MOD field has a size of 4 bits and may indicate a QAM modulation type of L1-post signaling information.
  • the L1_COD field has a size of 2 bits and may indicate a code rate of L1-post signaling information.
  • the L1_FEC_TYPE field is a field having a size of 2 bits and may indicate an FEC type of L1-post signaling information.
  • the L1_POST_SIZE field is a field having a size of 18 bits and may indicate the size of L1-post signaling information.
  • the L1_POST_INFO_SIZE field is a field having a size of 18 bits and may indicate the size of the information region of the L1-post signaling information.
  • the PILOT_PATTERN field has a 4-bit size and may indicate a pilot insertion pattern.
  • the TX_ID_AVAILABILITY field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may indicate a transmission device identification capability within a current geographical cell range.
  • the CELL_ID field has a size of 16 bits and may indicate a cell identifier.
  • the NETWORK_ID field is a field having a size of 16 bits and may indicate a network identifier.
  • the SYSTEM_ID field is a field having a size of 16 bits and may indicate a system identifier.
  • the NUM_FRAMES field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate the number of transmission frames per super frame.
  • the NUM_DATA_SYMBOLS field is a field having a size of 12 bits and may indicate the number of OFDM symbols per transmission frame.
  • the REGEN_FLAG field is a 3-bit field and can indicate the number of times of signal reproduction by the repeater.
  • the L1_POST_EXTENSION field is a field having a size of 1 bit and may indicate whether an extension block of L1-post signaling information exists.
  • the NUM_RF field is a field having a size of 3 bits and may indicate the number of RF bands for TFS.
  • the CURRENT_RF_IDX field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate an index of a current RF channel.
  • the RESERVED field has a size of 10 bits and is for future use.
  • the CRC-32 field has a size of 32 bits and may indicate a CRC error extraction code of the L1-pre signaling information.
  • FIG 16 illustrates L1-post signaling information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the L1-post signaling information may include parameters necessary for the receiver to encode PLP data.
  • the L1-post signaling information may include a configurable block, a dynamic block, an extension block, a cyclic redundancy check block, and an L1 padding block. have.
  • the configurable block may include information that may be equally applied over one transmission frame, and the dynamic block may include characteristic information corresponding to the transmission frame currently being transmitted.
  • the extension block is a block that can be used when the L1-post signaling information is extended, and the CRC block may include information used for error correction of the L1-post signaling information and may have a 32-bit size.
  • the padding block may be used to equally size the information included in each encoding block, and the size thereof is variable.
  • the table illustrated in FIG. 16 is a table included in the configurable block, and the fields included in the table are as follows. The size of each field and the types of fields that can be included in the table can be added or changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the SUB_SLICES_PER_FRAME field has a size of 15 bits and may indicate the number of sub slices per transmission frame.
  • the NUM_PLP field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate the number of PLPs.
  • the NUM_AUX field has a size of 4 bits and may indicate the number of auxiliary streams.
  • the AUX_CONFIG_RFU field has a size of 8 bits and is an area for future use.
  • the RF_IDX field is a field having a size of 3 bits and may indicate an index of an RF channel.
  • the FREQUENCY field is a field having a size of 32 bits and may indicate a frequency of an RF channel.
  • the FEF_TYPE field is a field having a size of 4 bits and may be used to indicate a Future Extension Frame (FEF) type.
  • FEF Future Extension Frame
  • the FEF_LENGTH field is a field having a size of 22 bits and may indicate the length of the FEF.
  • the FEF_INTERVAL field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate the size of an FEF interval.
  • the following fields are fields included in the PLP loop.
  • the PLP_ID field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may be used to identify a PLP.
  • the PLP_TYPE field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate whether the current PLP is a common PLP or PLP including general data.
  • the PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE field is a field having a size of 5 bits and may indicate the type of the PLP payload.
  • the FF_FLAG field has a size of 1 bit and may indicate a fixed frequency flag.
  • the FIRST_RF_IDX field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate an index of a first RF channel for TFS.
  • the FIRST_FRAME_IDX field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate the first frame index of the current PLP in the super frame.
  • the PLP_GROUP_ID field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may be used to identify a PLP group.
  • the PLP group may be referred to as a link-layer-pipe (LLP), and the PLP_GROUP_ID field is referred to as an LLP_ID field according to an embodiment.
  • LLP link-layer-pipe
  • the PLP_COD field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate a code rate of a PLP.
  • the PLP_MOD field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate the QAM modulation type of the PLP.
  • the PLP_ROTATION field is a field having a size of 1 bit and may indicate a constellation rotation flag of the PLP.
  • the PLP_FEC_TYPE field is a field having a size of 2 bits and may indicate the FEC type of the PLP.
  • the PLP_NUM_BLOCKS_MAX field is a field having a size of 10 bits and may indicate the maximum number of PLPs of FEC blocks.
  • the FRAME_INTERVAL field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate an interval of a transport frame.
  • the TIME_IL_LENGTH field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may indicate a depth of symbol interleaving (or time interleaving).
  • the TIME_IL_TYPE field has a size of 1 bit and may indicate a type of symbol interleaving (or time interleaving).
  • the IN-BAND_B_FLAG field has a size of 1 bit and may indicate an in-band signaling flag.
  • the RESERVED_1 field has a size of 16 bits and is a field for future use in a PLP loop.
  • the RESERVED_2 field has a size of 32 bits and is a field for future use in the configurable block.
  • AUX_RFU is a field having a size of 32 bits and is a field for future use in an auxiliary stream loop.
  • FIG 17 illustrates L1-post signaling information according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the table illustrated in FIG. 17 is a table included in a dynamic block, and the fields included in the table are as follows. The size of each field and the types of fields that can be included in the table can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the FRAME_IDX field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate a frame index in a super frame.
  • the SUB_SLICE_INTERVAL field has a size of 22 bits and may indicate an interval of a sub slice.
  • the TYPE_2_START field is a 22-bit field and may indicate the start position of the PLP of the symbol interleaver over a plurality of frames.
  • the L1_CHANGE_COUNTER field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate whether the L1-signaling is changed.
  • the START_RF_IDX field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate a start RF channel index for TFS.
  • the RESERVED_1 field is a field having a size of 8 bits and is for future use.
  • the PLP_ID field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may be used to identify each PLP.
  • the PLP_START field is a field having a size of 22 bits and may indicate a PLP start address in a frame.
  • the PLP_NUM_BLOCKS field has a size of 10 bits and may indicate the number of PLPs of FEC blocks.
  • the RESERVED_2 field is an 8-bit field and is used for future use in a PLP loop.
  • the RESERVED_3 field has a size of 8 bits and is used for future use in the dynamic block.
  • AUX_RFU is a field having a size of 48 bits and is a field for future use in an auxiliary stream loop.
  • the present invention proposes a MIMO system using Scalable Video Coding (SVC).
  • SVC Scalable Video Coding
  • the SVC scheme is a coding method of a video developed to cope with various terminals, communication environments, and changes thereof.
  • the SVC method encodes a single video in a hierarchical manner to generate desired video quality, and transmits video data for the basic video quality in the base layer and additional video data for restoring the video quality in the enhancement layer.
  • the receiver may receive and decode only the video data of the base layer to obtain an image having basic quality, or may obtain a higher quality image by decoding the base layer video data and the enhancement layer video data according to the characteristics of the receiver. .
  • the base layer may mean video data corresponding to the base layer
  • the enhancement layer may mean video data corresponding to the enhancement layer.
  • the target of the SVC may not be the only video data
  • the base layer is data that can provide a basic service including basic video / audio / data corresponding to the base layer
  • the enhancement layer is an enhancement layer. It may be used as a meaning including data capable of providing a higher service including a higher picture / audio / data corresponding to the corresponding picture.
  • the broadcast system of the present invention provides a method of transmitting a base layer of an SVC on a path that can be received in an SISO or MISO method using an SVC scheme, and an enhancement layer of an SVC on a path that can be received in an MIMO method.
  • the base layer is received by SISO or MISO method to obtain an image of a basic quality
  • a base layer and an enhancement layer are received by a MIMO method to obtain a higher quality of image.
  • FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram of a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter using SVC according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter includes an SVC encoder 120100 for encoding a broadcast service into an SVC, and a MIMO encoder 120200 for distributing data through spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing to transmit data to a plurality of antennas. It may include. 18 shows a broadcast signal transmitter using a hierarchical modulation scheme.
  • the SVC encoder 120100 SVC encodes a broadcast service and outputs the broadcast service to the base layer and the enhancement layer.
  • the base layer is transmitted in the same manner in the first antenna (Ant 1; 120300) and the second antenna (Ant 2; 120400), and the enhancement layer is encoded in the MIMO encoder (120200) and is respectively the first antenna with the same data or different data. 120300 and the second antenna 120400.
  • the transmission system performs symbol mapping when data is modulated.
  • the figure for symbol mapping is as shown on the left (symbol mapper is not shown).
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may perform hierarchical modulation to map bits corresponding to a base layer to a Most Significant Bit (MSB) portion of data to be modulated, and bits corresponding to an enhancement layer to a Least Significant Bit (LSB) portion. .
  • MSB Most Significant Bit
  • LSB Least Significant Bit
  • FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram of a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter using SVC according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transmission apparatus includes an SVC encoder 121100 for encoding a broadcast signal transmitter into an SVC and a MIMO encoder 121200 for distributing data through spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing to transmit data to a plurality of antennas.
  • 19 shows an embodiment of a transmission system using a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) method.
  • FDM frequency division multiplexing
  • the SVC encoder 121100 SVC encodes a broadcast service and outputs the broadcast service to the base layer and the enhancement layer.
  • the base layer is transmitted in the same manner in the first antenna (Ant 1; 121300) and the second antenna (Ant 2; 121400), and the enhancement layer is encoded in the MIMO encoder 121200, so that each of the first antennas is the same data or different data. It is transmitted to (121300) and the second antenna 121400.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may process data using an FDM scheme to increase data transmission efficiency, and in particular, may transmit data through a plurality of subcarriers using the OFDM scheme.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may transmit each signal by allocating subcarriers as subcarriers used to transmit SISO / MISO signals and subcarriers transmitting MIMO signals.
  • the base layer output from the SVC encoder 121100 may be transmitted in the same manner through a plurality of antennas through an SISO / MISO carrier, and the enhancement layer may be transmitted through a plurality of antennas through a MIMO carrier through MIMO encoding.
  • the broadcast signal receiver may receive an OFDM symbol to obtain a base layer by SISO / MISO decoding data corresponding to a SISO / MISO carrier, and obtain an enhancement layer by MIMO decoding data corresponding to a MIMO carrier. Thereafter, if MIMO decoding is not possible according to the channel condition and the receiving system, only the base layer may be used, and if MIMO decoding is possible, the service layer may be restored and provided by including the enhancement layer.
  • the MIMO encoder 121200 can be located after the symbol mapper, so that the structure of the broadcast signal transmitter is simpler than in the embodiment shown in FIG. It may be done.
  • 20 is a conceptual diagram of a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter using SVC according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter includes an SVC encoder 122100 for encoding a broadcast service into an SVC, and a MIMO encoder 122200 for distributing data through spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing to transmit data to a plurality of antennas.
  • 20 shows an embodiment of a transmission apparatus using a time division multiplexing (TDM) method.
  • TDM time division multiplexing
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may transmit an SVC encoded base layer and an enhancement layer through an SISO / MISO slot and a MIMO slot, respectively.
  • This slot may be a slot of a time or frequency unit of a transmission signal, and is illustrated as a time slot in the embodiment of FIG. 20.
  • This slot may also be a PLP.
  • the broadcast signal receiver determines what type of slot is being received, and receives a base layer from an SISO / MISO slot and an enhancement layer from a MIMO slot.
  • the reception system may restore the service using only the base layer or perform the MIMO decoding together with the enhancement layer to restore the service according to the channel or the receiver.
  • MIMO broadcast data including a base layer and an enhancement layer may be generated by one of the first to third embodiments, and may also be generated by a combination of one or more of them.
  • the MIMO broadcast data may be included in a specific PLP and transmitted separately from the PLP including terrestrial broadcast data.
  • a specific PLP is used to transmit MIMO broadcast data, and additionally, signaling information for describing this may be transmitted.
  • a specific PLP including MIMO broadcast data may be referred to as a MIMO broadcast PLP
  • a PLP including existing terrestrial broadcast data may be referred to as a terrestrial broadcast PLP.
  • a specific frame is used to transmit MIMO broadcast data, and may additionally transmit signaling information for describing this.
  • the specific frame may be the FEF described with reference to FIG. 13.
  • a specific frame including the MIMO broadcast data is called a MIMO broadcast frame.
  • the PLP including the MIMO broadcast data may be transmitted through the terrestrial broadcast frame and the MIMO broadcast frame.
  • the MIMO broadcast frame also includes the L1 signaling information, and information about the MIMO broadcast PLP present in the frame may be transmitted together with the L1 signaling information of the terrestrial broadcast frame.
  • the base layer may be transmitted to the PLP or the carrier of the SISO / MISO scheme
  • the enhancement layer may be transmitted to the PLP or the carrier of the MIMO scheme.
  • the ratio of the PLP or carrier of the SISO / MISO scheme and the PLP or carrier of the MIMO scheme may vary from 0 to 100%, and the ratio may be set differently for each frame.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a transmission frame structure transmitted by a terrestrial broadcasting system to which a MIMO transmission system using SVC is applied according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 corresponds to an embodiment of a broadcast signal using at least one of the methods and methods (1) to (3) described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 20.
  • the MIMO broadcast PLP may exist in the terrestrial broadcast frame and the MIMO broadcast frame.
  • the MIMO broadcast PLP included in the existing frame is a base layer, and the MIMO broadcast PLP including the MIMO broadcast frame is an enhancement layer and may be transmitted in an SISO, MISO, or MIMO scheme.
  • the MIMO broadcast PLP may exist only in the MIMO broadcast frame.
  • the MIMO broadcast PLP may include a PLP including a base layer and a PLP including an enhancement layer.
  • the base layer and the enhancement layer may be classified as carriers and may be transmitted without being classified as PLPs. That is, as described with reference to FIG. 19, the data corresponding to the base layer and the data corresponding to the enhancement layer may be allocated to separate subcarriers and then OFDM modulated and transmitted.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may input and process a base layer and an enhancement layer by dividing them into PLPs.
  • the base layer may be included in PLP0 and the enhancement layer may be included in PLP1.
  • the broadcast signal receiver corresponding thereto may receive and process a broadcast signal in which the base layer and the enhancement layer are divided into PLPs.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may transmit the base layer and the enhancement layer together in one PLP.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may include an SVC encoder that SVC-encodes data and outputs it as an enhancement with the base layer.
  • the broadcast signal receiver corresponding thereto may receive and process a broadcast signal in which the base layer and the enhancement layer are transmitted to one PLP.
  • the MIMO scheme represents a broadcast system that provides transmit / receive diversity and high transmission efficiency by using a plurality of transmit antennas and a plurality of receive antennas.
  • the MIMO scheme processes signals differently in time and space, and transmits a plurality of data streams through parallel paths operating simultaneously in the same frequency band to achieve diversity effects and high transmission efficiency.
  • a spatial multiplexing (SM) technique and a golden code (GC) technique may be used for the MIMO scheme.
  • SM spatial multiplexing
  • GC golden code
  • a modulation method may be expressed as quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) when transmitting a broadcast signal. That is, when M is 2, a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) scheme may be represented by 2-QAM, and when Q is 4, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) may be represented by 4-QAM. M may represent the number of symbols used for modulation.
  • BPSK binary phase shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • M may represent the number of symbols used for modulation.
  • a MIMO system will be described by using two transmission antennas to transmit two broadcast signals and two reception antennas to receive two broadcast signals by way of example.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a MIMO transmission / reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MIMO transmission system includes an input signal generator 201010, a MIMO encoder 201020, a first transmission antenna 201030, and a second transmission antenna 201040.
  • the input signal generator 201010 may be referred to as a divider and the MIMO encoder 201020 may be referred to as a MIMO processor.
  • the MIMO receiving system may include a first receiving antenna 201050, a second receiving antenna 201060, a MIMO decoder 201070, and an output signal generator 201080.
  • the output signal generator 201080 may be referred to as a merger
  • the MIMO decoder 201070 may be referred to as an ML detector.
  • the input signal generator 201010 may generate a plurality of input signals for transmitting to a plurality of antennas. That is, the first input signal S1 and the second input signal S2 for MIMO transmission may be output by dividing the input signal to be transmitted into two input signals.
  • the MIMO encoder 201020 performs MIMO encoding on the plurality of input signals S1 and S2 to output the first transmission signal St1 and the second transmission signal St2 for MIMO transmission, and each of the output transmission signals is required signal processing. And may be transmitted through the first antenna 201030 and the second antenna 201040 through a modulation process.
  • the MIMO encoder 201020 may perform encoding on a symbol basis.
  • the MIMO encoding method the above-described SM technique and GC technique may be used.
  • the present invention proposes a new MIMO encoding method.
  • the MIMO encoder may MIMO encode a plurality of input signals using the MIMO encoding method described below.
  • MIMO encoder may also be referred to as MIMO processor hereinafter. That is, the MIMO encoder outputs a plurality of transmission signals by processing the plurality of input signals according to the MIMO matrix and the parameter values of the MIMO matrix proposed below.
  • the input signal generator 201010 is an element that outputs a plurality of input signals for MIMO encoding, and may be an element such as a demultiplexer or a frame builder according to a transmission system. Also included in the MIMO encoder 201020, the MIMO encoder 201020 may generate a plurality of input signals and perform encoding on the plurality of input signals generated.
  • the MIMO encoder 201020 represents a device that outputs a plurality of signals by MIMO encoding or MIMO processing so as to obtain diversity gain and multiplexing gain of the MIMO transmission system.
  • a plurality of devices are provided to process signals in parallel, or sequentially or simultaneously in one device having a memory. You can process the signal.
  • the MIMO reception system receives the first reception signal Sr1 and the second reception signal Sr2 using the first reception antenna 201050 and the second reception antenna 201060.
  • the MIMO decoder 201070 processes the first received signal and the second received signal to output a first output signal and a second output signal.
  • the MIMO decoder 201070 processes the first received signal and the second received signal according to the MIMO encoding method used by the MIMO encoder 201020.
  • the MIMO decoder 201070 outputs the first output signal and the second output signal using information on the MIMO matrix, the received signal, and the channel environment used by the MIMO encoder in the transmission system as the ML detector.
  • the first output signal and the second output signal may include probability information for bits that are not bit values, and the first output signal and the second output signal may be FEC decoding. It may be converted into a bit value through.
  • the MIMO decoder of the MIMO receiving system processes the first received signal and the second received signal according to the QAM type of the first input signal and the second input signal processed by the MIMO transmission system. Since the first and second received signals received by the MIMO receiving system are signals in which the first input signal and the second input signal of the same QAM type or different QAM types are transmitted by MIMO encoding, the MIMO receiving system may not be able to identify the received signal. It is possible to determine whether the combination of the QAM type, MIMO decoding the received signal. Therefore, the MIMO transmission system may transmit information identifying the QAM type of the transmission signal to the transmission signal, wherein the information identifying the QAM type of the transmission signal may be included in the preamble portion of the transmission signal.
  • the MIMO receiving system may identify the combination of the QAM type (M-QAM + M-QAM or M-QAM + N-QAM) of the received signal from the information identifying the QAM type of the transmitted signal, thereby MIMO decoding the received signal. have.
  • the SM technique is a method of simultaneously transmitting data to be transmitted to a plurality of antennas without separate encoding for a separate MIMO scheme.
  • the receiver may acquire information from data simultaneously received by the plurality of receive antennas.
  • the ML (Maximum Likelihood) decoder used for signal recovery in a receiver has a relatively low complexity because it only needs to examine a plurality of received signal combinations.
  • transmission diversity cannot be expected at the transmitting side.
  • the MIMO encoder bypasses a plurality of input signals, and this bypass processing may be expressed by MIMO encoding.
  • the GC scheme is a method of encoding data to be transmitted with a predetermined rule (for example, an encoding method using a golden code) and transmitting the same to a plurality of antennas. If there are two antennas, the GC scheme encodes using a 2x2 matrix, so that transmit diversity at the transmit side is obtained.
  • a predetermined rule for example, an encoding method using a golden code
  • the GC scheme encodes using a 2x2 matrix, so that transmit diversity at the transmit side is obtained.
  • the ML decoder of the receiver has a disadvantage in that complexity is increased because four signal combinations must be examined.
  • the GC scheme has the advantage that robust communication is possible in that transmit diversity is obtained compared to the SM scheme. However, this compares the case where only the GC technique and the SM technique are used for data processing during data transmission, and when data is transmitted by using separate data coding (or outer coding) together.
  • the transmit diversity of the GC scheme may not provide additional gain. This phenomenon is particularly evident when such outer coding has a large minimum Hamming distance.
  • the Hamming distance represents the number of bits whose corresponding bit values do not match between binary codes having the same number of bits.
  • the transmit diversity of the GC scheme has an additional gain over the SM scheme.
  • LDPC Low Density Parity Check
  • the present invention intends to design a more efficient MIMO broadcasting system by using a strong outer code while using a low complexity SM scheme.
  • the SM scheme may cause a problem in recovering the received signal.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a data transmission / reception method according to MIMO transmission of an SM scheme in a channel environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MIMO transmission system may send an input signal 1 (S1) and an input signal 2 (S2) to the transmission antenna 1 and the transmission antenna 2, respectively, by the SM scheme.
  • 23 corresponds to an embodiment of transmitting a symbol modulated with 4-QAM at a transmitter.
  • Receive antenna 1 receives signals in two paths, and in the channel environment of FIG. 23, the received signal of receive antenna 1 is equal to S1 * h11 + S2 * h21, and the received signal of receive antenna 2 is equal to S1 * h12 + S2 * h22. same.
  • the receiver can recover data by acquiring S1 and S2 through channel estimation.
  • the transmit and receive paths are independent of each other, and this environment will be referred to below as un-correlated.
  • the correlation between the channels of the transmission and reception paths may be very high, such as a line of sight (LOS) environment, which is referred to as fully correlated.
  • LOS line of sight
  • the reception antenna 1 and the reception antenna 2 receive the same reception signal (S1 + S2).
  • both the receiving antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 2 will receive the same signal as the signal plus the transmission signals.
  • the received signal received from the receiver that is, the data added by the channel, does not represent both symbols S1 and S2.
  • the receiver does not receive a 16-QAM symbol added with a signal S1 represented by a 4-QAM symbol and S2 represented by a 4-QAM symbol, and 9 symbols as shown in the right figure. Since the signal S1 + S2 is represented, it is impossible to recover by separating S1 and S2.
  • the received signal passing through the correlation channel may be expressed as a signal obtained by adding the transmission signals transmitted from the transmission system. That is, when two antennas transmit the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal in the transmission system, the received signal passing through the correlation channel is assumed to be a signal obtained by adding the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal. To explain.
  • the receiver cannot recover the signal transmitted by MIMO using the SM technique.
  • processing such as changing a transmission method by notifying the transmitter of such a channel state through a feedback channel between the transceivers is possible.
  • bidirectional communication through a feedback channel may be difficult, and the number of receivers per transmitter is large and the range is very wide, thus making it difficult to cope with various channel environment changes. Therefore, if the SM scheme is used in such a correlation channel environment, the receiver cannot use the service and the cost is increased because it is difficult to cope with such an environment unless the coverage of the broadcasting network is reduced.
  • the present invention intends to design a MIMO system such that a signal received through the channel satisfies the following conditions so as to overcome the case where the MIMO channel is an correlation channel.
  • the received signal should be able to represent both original signals S1 and S2.
  • the coordinates of the constellations received at the receiver should be able to uniquely represent the sequence of S1 and S2.
  • Euclidean distance represents the distance between coordinates on the constellation.
  • the present invention first proposes a MIMO encoding method using a MIMO encoding matrix including a parameter a as shown in Equation 1 below.
  • Equation 2 the received signals 1 (Rx1) and 2 (Rx2) received by the antenna 1 and the antenna 2 are represented by the following Equation 2
  • the MIMO channel is correlated, it is calculated as shown in the last line of Equation 2.
  • S1 and S2 are each designed to have a different power, it can be used to secure the toughness.
  • the MIMO encoder may encode the input signals such that the input signals S1 and S2 have different powers according to the encoding parameter a, and S1 and S2 are received in different distributions even in the correlation channel. For example, by encoding S1 and S2 to have different powers, and transmitting them to constellations with different Euclidean distances by normalization, the input signals can be separated and recovered even if the receiver experiences a correlation channel. .
  • Equation 3 The above MIMO encoding matrix is expressed by Equation 3 considering the normalization factor.
  • the MIMO encoding of the MIMO encoder using the MIMO encoding matrix as in Equation 2 rotates the input signals by an arbitrary angle (theta) that can be represented by the encoding parameter a, thereby cosine the rotated signal.
  • the component and the sine component are separated separately and the +/- signs are assigned to the separated components and transmitted to other antennas, respectively.
  • the MIMO encoder transmits the cosine component of the input signal S1 and the sine component of the input signal S2 to one transmitting antenna, and the sine component of the input signal S1 and the cosine component labeled with the? Can be encoded.
  • the rotation angle changes according to the change of the encoding parameter a value, and the power distribution between the input signals S1 and S2 varies according to the value and angle of this parameter. Since the changed power distribution can be expressed as the distance between the symbol coordinates in the constellation, the input signals encoded in this way are represented by different constellations even though they have undergone the correlation channel at the receiving end, thereby being identified, separated, and recovered.
  • the transmission signals received at the receiving side are represented by identifiable constellations having different Euclidean distances, respectively, so that they can be recovered from the correlation channel.
  • the MIMO encoder can encode the input signal S1 and the input signal S2 into signals having different Euclidean distances according to the value a, and the encoded signals can be received and recovered with constellations identifiable at the receiving end. have.
  • Equation 4 MIMO encoding of the input signal using the above-described MIMO encoding matrix
  • Equation 4 S1 and S2 represent normalized QAM symbols of constellations mapped in the symbol mapper of the MIMO path of the input signal S1 and the input signal S2, respectively.
  • X1 and X2 represent MIMO encoded symbols, respectively.
  • the MIMO encoder includes a symbol corresponding to X1 by applying a matrix such as Equation 4 to a first input signal including symbols corresponding to S1 and a second input signal including symbols corresponding to S2. Symbols of the transmission signal X2 including symbols corresponding to the first transmission signal and X2 may be output.
  • the MIMO encoder may perform encoding by further adjusting the encoding parameter a value while performing MIMO encoding on the input signals using the MIMO encoding matrix as described above. That is, consideration and adjustment of additional data recovery performance of the MIMO transmission / reception system may be optimized by adjusting the parameter a, which will be described in detail below.
  • a value can be calculated in consideration of Euclidean distance.
  • the transmission signal St1 is an M-QAM symbol and the transmission signal St2 is an N-QAM symbol
  • the signal St1 + St2 received at the receiver through the correlated MIMO channel is (M * N).
  • -QAM signal when the transmission signal St1 is an M-QAM symbol and the transmission signal St2 is an M-QAM symbol, the signal St1 + St2 received at the receiver through the correlation correlated MIMO channel is (M * M )-Becomes a QAM signal.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention proposes a method of optimizing the value of a so that the constellations of the symbols of the received signal passing through the correlation channel have the same Euclidean distance. That is, when the MIMO encoder encodes the input signals using the above-described MIMO matrix, the MIMO encoder has a minimum in the constellation of the received signal (that is, the signal added with the first transmission signal St1 and the second transmission signal St2) that has undergone the correlation channel.
  • a value of the encoding parameter a may be calculated or set so as to maximize the creedian distance, and the encoded value a may be expressed by Equation 5 according to a combination of modulation schemes.
  • the distribution and constellation of transmission / reception symbols vary according to the modulation scheme of the received signal and combinations thereof. Since the Euclidean distance varies according to the distribution and constellation of symbols, a value for optimizing Euclidean distance may also vary. .
  • Equation 3 when the transmit / receive signal is a combination of 4-QAM and 16-QAM (QPSK + 16QAM) and a combination of 16-QAM and 16-QAM (16QAM + 16QAM), a value for optimizing Euclidean distance is calculated. Each calculation was shown.
  • the value of a is set so that the constellation of is equal to that of the 16-QAM signal.
  • Second Embodiment MIMO Encoding Method Considering Gray Mapping in addition to Euclidean Distance
  • a MIMO encoding method in which a received signal passing through a correlation channel has gray mapping while a value is set such that Euclidean distance is optimized.
  • the sign of the real and imaginary parts of S2 of the input signals S1 and S2 can be changed according to the value of S1 so as to perform gray mapping at the receiving end.
  • the change of the data value included in S2 may be performed using a method as in Equation 6 below.
  • the MIMO encoder may perform MIMO encoding by changing the sign of the input signal 2 according to the value of S1 while using the MIMO encoding matrix used in the first embodiment.
  • the first transmission signal and the first 2 Transmission signal can be output.
  • the XOR operation is performed on the bit values assigned to the real part and the imaginary part of S1 in the input signals S1 and S2, respectively, and the sign of the real part and the imaginary part of S2 is determined according to the result. If the transmission signal 1 and the transmission signal 2 to which the MIMO encoding matrix is applied to the signal S1 and the input signal S2 are respectively transmitted by the antenna 1 and the antenna 2, the received symbols of the received signal through the correlation channel received by the receiver have gray mapping. However, the hamming distance between adjacent symbols in constellations does not exceed two.
  • the second embodiment can expect the same performance as the SIMO method even in the correlated MIMO channel.
  • the value of S2 depends on S1 when the ML decoder decodes the received signal and acquires S1 and S2, complexity may increase, and performance may deteriorate due to correlation between input signals in an uncorrelated MIMO channel.
  • Third embodiment MIMO encoding method for setting MIMO encoding parameter in consideration of Hamming distance in addition to Euclidean distance
  • the value a is set so that the Euclidean distance is optimized in consideration of the hamming distance of the received signal without making the entire constellation of the received signal have minimum Euclidean distance.
  • the Euclidean distance is adjusted so that the difference in recovery performance due to the difference in hamming distance is compensated by the power difference. That is, for adjacent symbols, the difference in the number of other bits is twice, and the interval having twice the hamming distance is adjusted more widely to the Euclidean distance to have more power, so that the difference in the hamming distance when the received signal is recovered. It can compensate for the deterioration of performance.
  • the relative Euclidean distance in the received signal in which the two transmission signals St2 and St2 received at the receiving end are summed is determined.
  • Equation 7 The minimum Euclidean distance of the 16-QAM symbol whose power is reduced from Equation 2 is 2 (a-1), and the minimum Euclidean distance of the 16-QAM symbol whose power is increased is 2 (a + 1).
  • R h ⁇ (a + 1) S1 + (a-1) S2 ⁇ ). This may be represented as in Equation 7.
  • the MIMO encoder uses the MIMO matrix described above to perform MIMO encoding such that the powers of the input signals are distributed differently so that each has a different size of Euclidean distance.
  • the MIMO encoder may perform MIMO encoding using a MIMO matrix in which the encoding parameter a is set such that the power-distributed input signals have a Euclidean distance that compensates for a difference in hamming distance. .
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MIMO transmitter and the MIMO receiver of FIG. 24 are examples of a case where MIMO communication is performed using two antennas, respectively.
  • the modulation scheme of the input signal is the same. That is, an embodiment of the case where two input signals for transmitting using two antennas are QPSK + QPSK and 16-QAM + 16-QAM, respectively.
  • M-QAM + M-QAM it will be expressed as M-QAM + M-QAM.
  • the MIMO transmitter includes a Bit Interleaved Coding and Modulation (BICM) module 209010, a frame builder 209020, a frequency interleaver 209030, a MIMO encoder 209040, and an OFDM generator 209050, and the BICM module 209010 FEC encoder 209060, bit interleaver 209070, demultiplexer (DEMUX) 209080, symbol mapper 209090, and time interleaver 209100.
  • the MIMO encoder 209040 may be referred to as a MIMO processor.
  • the MIMO receiver includes an OFDM demodulator 209110, a MIMO decoder 209120, a frequency deinterleaver 209130, a frame parser 209140, a time deinterleaver 209150, a multiplexer (MUX: 209160), a bit deinterleaver 209170, and FEC decoder 209180.
  • the time deinterleaver 209150, the multiplexer 209160, the bit deinterleaver 209170, and the FEC decoder perform reverse processing of the BICM module and may be referred to as a BICM decoding module 209190 hereinafter.
  • the MIMO decoder 209120 may be referred to as a MIMO Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector.
  • ML Maximum Likelihood
  • the components of the MIMO transmitter may perform the same functions as the blocks included in the broadcast signal transmitter described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6, and the components of the MIMO receiver are included in the broadcast signal receiver described with reference to FIGS. 7 through 11. Since the same function as those of the blocks may be performed, a detailed description of the same or similar function is omitted.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates and describes an example in which one PLP is input to the BICM module 209010.
  • the BICM module may be provided in plural numbers, and PLPs which have been separately processed for BICM may be input to the frame builder 209020.
  • the demultiplexer 209080 demultiplexes the bit stream on an M-QAM basis and outputs the demultiplexer.
  • the symbol mapper 209090 performs M-QAM gray mapping on the bit stream output from the demultiplexer 209080 to output the M-QAM symbol stream.
  • the time interleaver 209100 interleaves a symbol stream in time units, and in particular, time interleaves symbols from one or a plurality of LDPC blocks. In FIG. 24, signal processing in blocks after the symbol mapper may be performed in symbol units.
  • the frame builder 209020 arranges the symbols of the PLP unit output through each BICM path in the frame.
  • the frame builder 209020 further performs a role of an input signal generator that generates or arranges a plurality of input signals for MIMO transmission.
  • the frame builder 209020 in the MIMO transmitter may arrange symbols such that different PLPs are not MIMO encoded together.
  • the frame builder 209020 may generate two output signals by placing two different symbols in the same cell position.
  • the frequency interleaver 209030 interleaves the two symbol data in the same pattern in the frequency domain. .
  • the MIMO encoder 209040 MIMO encodes two input signals for two antennas, that is, two symbol data output from the frequency interleaver 209030.
  • the MIMO encoding used may use the same MIMO encoding method as the above-described embodiment, and may use a MIMO encoding matrix including the parameter a described above.
  • the OFDM generator 209050 may OFDM modulate and transmit MIMO encoded symbol data.
  • the MIMO encoder 209040 may perform MISO processing or perform SISO processing in addition to MIMO encoding.
  • the transmitter when only MIMO processing is performed, the transmitter may use two antennas, and when additionally performing MISO processing, the transmitter may use two or four antennas.
  • MISO processing when all PLPs are transmitted by SISO processing, one to four antennas can be used arbitrarily.
  • the MIMO receiver uses at least two antennas for receiving the MIMO signal. If the received signal is an SISO signal or an MISO signal, at least one antenna may be used.
  • the frequency interleaver 209030 and the OFDM generator 209050 are provided in parallel by the number of input signals transmitted to the plurality of antennas in the MIMO scheme, so that the above-described operations can be performed in parallel.
  • one frequency interleaver 209030 and an OFDM generator 209050 may include a memory to process a plurality of signals in parallel.
  • the OFDM demodulator 209110 OFDM demodulates a plurality of received signals received from a plurality of antennas and outputs a plurality of symbol data and channel information.
  • the MIMO decoder 209120 processes the channel information obtained from the OFDM demodulator 209110 and the plurality of received symbol data to output a plurality of output signals.
  • the MIMO decoder 209120 may use Equation 8 below.
  • Equation 8 yh, t denotes a signal received at the receiver, and h denotes a received channel, which represents a channel received for each receiving antenna, and thus represents a received signal passing through a channel corresponding to time t.
  • Hh, t represents channel information experienced by the received signal.
  • h may be represented by a 2 ⁇ 2 matrix representing a MIMO channel, and t represents a time unit.
  • W denotes the MIMO encoding matrix of the above-described embodiments
  • Ss denotes an input signal before MIMO encoding, as a transmitted QAM signal. Small s is a unit for two signals used for MIMO transmission.
  • Equation 8 represents a difference between the received signal vector (which can be referred to as a vector since it has been two signals at the same time) and the transmitted signal bettor. Therefore, since the receiver knows yh, t, Hh, t, and W, Equation 8 is used to compare the probability S1 of the corresponding bit (1) and the probability S0 of the corresponding bit (0) in the log domain. Likelihood Ratio) can be obtained.
  • the MIMO decoder 209120 finds a signal closest to the transmission signal from the received signal using Equation 8, and since the information obtained as a result of detection is a probability in bits, the MIMO decoder
  • the plurality of output signals at 209120 are data in bit units expressed by Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR).
  • LLR Log Likelihood Ratio
  • the MIMO decoder 1120 compares the received data with all combinations of data used for MIMO encoding and channel information to obtain an LLR value, which is the closest to the received data in order to reduce complexity. Approximated ML method using only a value, and sphere decoding method using only a combination of a predetermined vicinity of a received signal may be used. That is, in FIG.
  • the MIMO decoder 209120 performs MIMO decoding on two received signals received by two antennas, and outputs a plurality of output signals S1 and S2 such as input signals of a transmitter, and outputs an output signal S1.
  • S1 and S2 may be a stream in bits.
  • the output signals are output signals corresponding to the QAM type of the transmission input signal.
  • WS and W of the equations used in the ML detector are MIMO encoding matrices, and include all the MIMO matrices of the proposed MIMO encoding method.
  • the transmitter can transmit information indicative of the MIMO matrix used, and the receiver can use this information to identify and decode the MIMO matrix.
  • the receiver may use a preset MIMO matrix.
  • the frequency deinterleaver 209130 performs deinterleaving on a plurality of output signals in the reverse order of interleaving performed by the frequency interleaver 209030 of the transmitter.
  • the frequency interleaver (209030) of the transmitter performs frequency interleaving on a symbol basis
  • the frequency deinterleaver (209130) of the receiver uses LLR bit information so that the LLR bit information belonging to one QAM symbol is rearranged by the symbol unit.
  • Output A plurality of frequency deinterleaver 209130 may be provided to perform frequency deinterleaving in parallel on each of the MIMO input signals.
  • the frame parser 209140 acquires and outputs only desired PLP data from the output data of the frequency deinterleaver 209130, and the time deinterleaver 209150 performs deinterleaving in the reverse order of the time interleaver 209100 of the transmitter.
  • the time deinterleaver 209150 also performs deinterleaving on a bit-by-bit basis, unlike in the transmitter, and rearranges and outputs the bit stream in consideration of the LLR bit information.
  • the frame parser 209140 performs frame parsing on a plurality of input signals, rearranges the input signals into one stream, and outputs the input signals. That is, the frame parser 209140 performs the reverse operation of the input signal generator described with reference to FIG. 24, and blocks after the frame parser 209140 perform signal processing on one stream at the receiver.
  • the multiplexer 209160, the bit deinterleaver 209170, and the FEC decoder 209180 perform reverse processes of the demultiplexer 209080, the bit interleaver 209070, and the FEC encoder 209060 of the receiver to output the recovered PLP. That is, the multiplexer 209160 rearranges LLR bit information, the bit deinterleaver 209170 performs bit deinterleaving, and the FEC decoder 209180 performs LDPC / BCH decoding to correct an error to correct the bit data of the PLP. You can output The operation after the frame parser can be viewed as BICM decoding of BICM decoding module 209190, which performs the reverse operation of BICM module 209010 of the transmitter.
  • the above-described frequency interleaver (209030), frequency deinterleaver (209130), OFDM generator (209050), and OFDM demodulator (209110) are provided in plural to parallel the operations described above with respect to the MIMO transmit / receive signals according to the number of MIMO transmit / receive signals.
  • the system can be replaced with a frequency interleaver (209030), a frequency deinterleaver (209130), an OFDM generator (209050), and an OFDM demodulator (209110) including memory for processing a plurality of data at a time. It may be.
  • 25 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MIMO transmitter and the MIMO receiver of FIG. 25 are examples of a case where MIMO communication is performed using two antennas, respectively.
  • the modulation scheme of the input signal is the same. That is, an embodiment of the case where two input signals for transmitting using two antennas are QPSK + QPSK and 16-QAM + 16-QAM, respectively.
  • the MIMO transmitter includes a Bit Interleaved Coding and Modulation (BICM) module 210010, a frame builder 210020, a frequency interleaver 210030, and an OFDM generator 210040, the BICM module 210010 includes an FEC encoder 210050, A bit interleaver 210060, a demultiplexer (DEMUX) 210070, a symbol mapper 210080, a MIMO encoder 210090, and a time interleaver 210100.
  • BICM Bit Interleaved Coding and Modulation
  • the MIMO receiver includes an OFDM demodulator 210110, a frequency deinterleaver 210120, a frame parser 210130, a time deinterleaver 210140, a MIMO ML (Maximum Likelihood) detector 210150, a multiplexer (MUX: 210160) Interleaver 210170 and FEC decoder 210180.
  • the time deinterleaver 210150, the multiplexer 210160, the bit deinterleaver 210170, and the FEC decoder perform reverse processing of the BICM module and may be referred to as a BICM decoding module 210190 hereinafter.
  • the configuration and operation of the MIMO transmitter and MIMO receiver of FIG. 25 are similar to the configuration and operation of the MIMO transmitter and MIMO receiver described with reference to FIG. 24.
  • the same contents as the configurations and operations of the MIMO transmitter and the MIMO receiver of FIG. 24 will not be duplicated, and the differences will be described.
  • the MIMO encoder 210090 is located between the symbol mapper 210080 and the time interleaver 210100, that is, included in the BICM module. That is, unlike the frame builder outputting the QAM symbols to be MIMO encoded in parallel, the MIMO encoder 210090 receives the symbols output from the symbol mapper and arranges them in parallel, and outputs the data in parallel by MIMO encoding.
  • the MIMO encoder 210090 serves as an input signal generator to generate a plurality of input signals, and performs MIMO encoding to output a plurality of transmission signals.
  • MIMO transmission data output in parallel is processed and transmitted in parallel in one time interleaver 210100, frame builder 210020, frequency interleaver 210030, and OFDM generator 210040, which are processed in plural or internally in parallel.
  • time interleaver 210100, frame builder 210020, frequency interleaver 210030, and OFDM generator 210040 are each provided and output from MIMO encoder 210090. You can also process the data in parallel.
  • a MIMO decoder 210150 is positioned between the time deinterleaver 210140 and the multiplexer 210160. Accordingly, the OFDM demodulator 210110, the frequency deinterleaver 210120, the frame parser 210130, and the time deinterleaver 210140 process MIMO signals received by a plurality of antennas in symbol units in a plurality of paths, and the MIMO decoder 210150. ) Converts the symbol unit data into LLR bit data and outputs the result.
  • the OFDM demodulator 210110, the frequency deinterleaver 210120, the frame parser 210130, and the time deinterleaver 210140 may be provided in plurality, or may include a memory capable of performing the above-described parallel processing. It may be replaced by one. Since the frequency deinterleaver 210120, the frame parser 210130, and the time deinterleaver 210140 all process symbol data, the complexity and memory requirements are reduced compared to the case of processing LLR bit information as in the embodiment of FIG. Can be.
  • the MIMO transmitter may transmit information indicating a combination of QAM types of input signals used in MIMO encoding. That is, the information indicating the QAM type of the first input signal and the second input signal output from the frame builder 210020 may be transmitted through the preamble part.
  • the first input signal and the second input signal have the same QAM.
  • Has a type That is, the MIMO decoder performs MIMO decoding using information representing a combination of QAM types of input signals included in the received signal, and outputs output signals corresponding to the combination of QAM types.
  • the output signals of this QAM type include data in bit units, and the data in bit units is a soft decision value representing the above-described probability of bits. These soft decision values may be converted to hard decision values through FEC decoding.
  • devices corresponding to the input signal generator / output signal generator are represented by a frame builder / frame parser and a MIMO encoder / MIMO decoder, respectively.
  • the role of the input signal generator / output signal generator may be performed by another device element.
  • an input signal generator is performed in a demultiplexer, or an input signal generator is provided behind a demultiplexer, and a corresponding receiver system is an output signal generator in a multiplexer, or an output signal generator in front of a multiplexer. It may be provided.
  • a plurality of elements behind the input signal generator may be provided to process the output signals in parallel according to the number of output signals of the input signal generator.
  • a plurality of elements in front of the output signal generator may be provided to process the input signals in parallel according to the number of paths of the input signals input to the output signal generator.
  • 26 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MIMO transmitter and the MIMO receiver of FIG. 26 are examples of a case where MIMO communication is performed using two antennas, respectively.
  • the modulation scheme of the input signals is assumed to be different. That is, the modulation scheme of two input signals for transmission using two antennas is an embodiment (eg, BPSK + QPSK or QPSK + 16-QAM, etc.) for the M-QAM type and the N-QAM type.
  • the case of QPSK + QPSK, QPSK + 16-QAM, and 16-QAM + 16-QAM will be described together with respect to the operation of the demultiplexer.
  • the MIMO transmitter includes a BICM (Bit Interleaved Coding and Modulation) module 211010, a frame builder 211020, a frequency interleaver 211030, a MIMO encoder 211040 and an OFDM generator 211050, and the BICM module 211010 FEC encoder 211060, bit interleaver 211070, demultiplexer (DEMUX) 211080, symbol mapper 211090, and time interleaver 211100.
  • the MIMO encoder 211040 may be referred to as a MIMO processor.
  • the MIMO receiver includes an OFDM demodulator 211110, a MIMO decoder 211120, a frequency deinterleaver 211130, a frame parser 211140, a time deinterleaver 211150, a multiplexer (MUX: 211160), a bit deinterleaver 211170, and An FEC decoder 211180.
  • the time deinterleaver 211150, the multiplexer 211160, the bit deinterleaver 211170, and the FEC decoder perform reverse processing of the BICM module and may be referred to as a BICM decoding module 211190 hereinafter.
  • the MIMO decoder 211120 may be referred to as a MIMO Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector.
  • ML Maximum Likelihood
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a case in which one PLP is input to the BICM module 211010.
  • the BICM module may be provided in plural, and the BICM-processed PLPs are input to the frame builder 211020.
  • the demultiplexer 211080 demultiplexes the bit stream on the basis of M-QAM and N-QAM and outputs the demultiplexer.
  • the demultiplexer 211080 further performs a role of an input signal generator that generates or arranges a plurality of input signals for MIMO transmission.
  • the symbol mapper 211090 performs M-QAM / N-QAM gray mapping on the bit stream output from the demultiplexer 211080 to output the M-QAM symbol stream and the N-QAM symbol stream.
  • a plurality of symbol mappers 211090 are provided, respectively, in which M-QAM / N-QAM gray mapping is performed on the M-QAM / N-QAM gray mapping of the demultiplexed bit stream on the basis of the M-QAM and the demultiplexed bit stream on the basis of the N-QAM.
  • the time interleaver 211100 interleaves each of the symbol streams in a time unit, and in particular, time interleaves symbols from one or a plurality of LDPC blocks.
  • signal processing in blocks after the symbol mapper may be performed in symbol units.
  • the demultiplexer 211080 may operate differently for each QAM size of an input signal used for MIMO. That is, a combination of input signals for MIMO transmission may use a QAM demultiplexer and a 16-QAM demultiplexer for QPSK + QPSK or 16-QAM + 16-QAM MIMO, and a 64QAM demultiplexer for QPSK + 16-QAM. Alternatively, for the combination of QPSK + QPSK and 16-QAM + 16-QAM, a 16QAM demultiplexer and a 256-QAM demultiplexer may be used, respectively. This uses M + N-QAM MIMO transmission to transmit the same number of bits as M * N QAM SISO at once.
  • the frame builder 211020 arranges the symbols of the PLP unit output through each BICM path in the frame.
  • the frequency deinterleaver 211130 performs deinterleaving on a plurality of output signals in the reverse order of interleaving performed by the frequency interleaver 211030 of the transmitter.
  • the frequency deinterleaver 211130 may perform frequency deinterleaving on each of the MIMO input signals in parallel.
  • deinterleaving should be performed in consideration of this. The same applies to the frame parser 211140 and the time deinterleaver 211150 which describe the operation below.
  • the frame parser 211140 obtains and outputs only the desired PLP data from the output data of the frequency deinterleaver 211130, and the time deinterleaver 211150 performs deinterleaving in the reverse order of the time interleaver 211100 of the transmitter.
  • the frame parser 211140 performs frame parsing on the plurality of input signals and rearranges and outputs the plurality of signals.
  • the multiplexer 211160, the bit deinterleaver 211170, and the FEC decoder 211180 are recovered by performing a reverse process of the demultiplexer 211080, the bit interleaver 211070, and the FEC encoder 211060 of the transmitter, respectively, as in FIG. Output the PLP. Therefore, the blocks after the multiplexer 211140 at the receiver perform signal processing on one stream. That is, the multiplexer 211160 may serve as a merger.
  • FIG. 27 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MIMO transmitter and the MIMO receiver of FIG. 27 are embodiments for performing MIMO communication using two antennas, respectively.
  • the transmitter assumes a case where the modulation scheme of the input signals is different. That is, the modulation scheme of two input signals for transmission using two antennas is an embodiment (eg, BPSK + QPSK or QPSK + 16-QAM, etc.) for the M-QAM type and the N-QAM type.
  • the modulation scheme of two input signals for transmission using two antennas is an embodiment (eg, BPSK + QPSK or QPSK + 16-QAM, etc.) for the M-QAM type and the N-QAM type.
  • QPSK + QPSK, QPSK + 16-QAM, and 16-QAM + 16-QAM will be described together with respect to the operation of the demultiplexer.
  • the MIMO transmitter includes a Bit Interleaved Coding and Modulation (BICM) module 212010, a frame builder 212020, a frequency interleaver 212030, and an OFDM generator 212040, and the BICM module 212010 includes an FEC encoder 212050, A bit interleaver 2212060, a demultiplexer (DEMUX) 212070, a symbol mapper 212080, a MIMO encoder 212090 and a time interleaver 2212100.
  • BICM Bit Interleaved Coding and Modulation
  • the MIMO receiver includes an OFDM demodulator 212110, a frequency deinterleaver 212120, a frame parser 212130, a time deinterleaver 212140, a MIMO decoder 212150, a multiplexer (MUX: 212160), a bit deinterleaver 212170, and FEC decoder 212180.
  • the time deinterleaver 212150, the multiplexer 212160, the bit deinterleaver 212170, and the FEC decoder perform reverse processing of the BICM module and may be referred to as a BICM decoding module 212190 below.
  • the MIMO encoder 2090 is located between the symbol mapper 212080 and the time interleaver 2212100, that is, included in the BICM module.
  • MIMO transmission signals output in parallel are processed and transmitted in parallel by one time interleaver 212100, frame builder 212020, frequency interleaver 212030, and OFDM generator 212040, which are processed in a plurality or in parallel.
  • two time interleaver 2212100, frame builder 212020, frequency interleaver 212030 and OFDM generator 212040 are each provided and output from MIMO encoder 212090. You can also process the data in parallel.
  • a MIMO decoder 212150 is located between the time deinterleaver 212140 and the multiplexer 212160. Accordingly, the OFDM demodulator 212110, the frequency deinterleaver 212120, the frame parser 2130, and the time deinterleaver 212140 process MIMO signals received by a plurality of antennas in symbol units in a plurality of paths, and perform a MIMO decoder 212150. ) Converts the symbol unit data into LLR bit data and outputs the result.
  • the OFDM demodulator 212110, the frequency deinterleaver 212120, the frame parser 212130, and the time deinterleaver 212140 are provided in plural or have a memory capable of performing the above-described parallel processing. It may be replaced by one. Since the frequency deinterleaver 212120, the frame parser 212130, and the time deinterleaver 212140 all process symbol data, the complexity and memory requirements are reduced compared to the case of processing LLR bit information as in the embodiment of FIG. Can be.
  • the MIMO transmitter may transmit information indicating a combination of QAM types of input signals used for MIMO encoding. That is, information indicating the QAM type of the first input signal and the second input signal output from the frame builder 211020 may be transmitted through the preamble part. In the present embodiment, the first input signal and the second input signal are different from each other.
  • Has a type That is, the MIMO decoder performs MIMO decoding using information representing a combination of QAM types of input signals included in the received signal, and outputs output signals corresponding to the combination of QAM types.
  • the output signals of this QAM type include data in bit units, and the data in bit units is a soft decision value representing the above-described probability of bits. These soft decision values may be converted to hard decision values through FEC decoding.
  • the transmission frame according to the present invention may include a preamble region and a data symbol region.
  • the present invention may additionally allocate a preamble symbol to the preamble region.
  • This additional preamble symbol is referred to as an Additional Preable 1 (AP1) symbol, and the present invention provides one or more AP1 symbols in a transmission frame to improve the detection performance of a mobile broadcast signal at very low SNR or time-selective fading conditions. Adding a symbol may be an embodiment.
  • the preamble region of the transmission frame according to the present invention may include a P1 symbol, one or more AP1 symbols, and one or more P2 symbols.
  • the data area is composed of a plurality of data symbols (or data OFDM symbols).
  • the AP1 symbol may be positioned between the P1 symbol and the first P2 symbol in the preamble region of the transmission frame. That is, the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol may be continuously transmitted in one transmission frame, and may be transmitted discontinuously according to a designer's intention.
  • the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol are inserted in every transmission frame by the P1 insertion module in the OFDM generator of the transmitter. That is, the P1 insertion module inserts two or more preamble symbols in every transmission frame.
  • an AP1 insertion module may be added after the P1 insertion module, and an AP1 symbol may be inserted in the AP1 insertion module.
  • the AP1 symbol is generated through the process described above with reference to FIG. 14 and may have a structure different from that of the existing P1 symbol.
  • a transmission frame for transmitting an additional broadcast signal in the super frame may be an additional transmission frame as described in FIG. 14, and as shown in FIG. 28, a P1 symbol, an AP1 symbol, one or more P2 symbols, and a plurality of frames. Data symbols may be included.
  • the P1 symbol transmits P1 signaling information
  • the AP1 symbol transmits AP1 signaling information
  • the P2 symbol transmits L1 signaling information. Since details have been described with reference to FIG. 15, they will be omitted and the added AP1 symbol will be described.
  • the AP1 signaling information transmitted by the AP1 symbol includes additional transmission parameters.
  • the AP1 signaling information includes pattern information of a pilot inserted into a corresponding transmission frame. If the L1 signaling information is spread and transmitted in the data region of the transport frame, the AP1 signaling information may further include information necessary for decoding the L1 signaling information spread in the data region of the transport frame.
  • 29 illustrates an OFDM generator of a transmitter for inserting an AP1 symbol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 29 illustrates an embodiment of transmitting a broadcast signal in an MISO or MIMO scheme, and particularly illustrates an example of transmitting a broadcast signal in an MISO or MIMO scheme through two transmission antennas.
  • the OFDM generator of FIG. 29 is almost identical to the OFDM generator 101500 shown in FIG. 6, but includes an MISO / MIMO encoder 302110 instead of the MISO encoder 106100, and includes two AP1 symbol insertion modules 302171, 302172. It is different.
  • detailed description of the same blocks as the blocks including the OFDM generator 101500 shown in FIG. 6 will be omitted, and only the MISO / MIMO encoder 302110 and the AP1 symbol insertion module 302171 and 302172 will be described. .
  • the MISO / MIMO encoder 302110 may perform MISO and / or MIMO encoding to have transmit diversity for a signal input to each path, for transmission through two transmit antennas.
  • the pilot insertion module may insert a pilot of a predetermined pilot pattern at a corresponding position in the transmission frame and output the pilot pattern information.
  • the pilot pattern information may be signaled to the AP1 signaling information or may be signaled to the L1 signaling information. Alternatively, both the AP1 signaling information and the L1 signaling information may be signaled.
  • the AP1 symbol insertion module 302171 or 302172 may insert an AP1 symbol after the P1 symbol and output the AP1 symbol to the DAC.
  • the AP1 symbol transmits AP1 signaling information.
  • the receiver detects the inserted pilot and transmits the detected pilot to frame synchronization, frequency synchronization, time synchronization, and channel estimation. It can be used to perform transmission mode recognition.
  • Pilots according to the present invention can be broadly divided into two types. One is a scattered pilot and the other is a continuous pilot. Distributed pilots are used to estimate and compensate for the effects of radio channels at the receiver, and continuous pilots are used to eliminate precise frequency synchronization or phase error at the receiver.
  • the present invention there may be a plurality of types of distributed pilot patterns, and one of a plurality of distributed pilot patterns is inserted into OFDM symbols of a transmission frame and transmitted according to the FFT size and the guide interval (GI) size. It is set as an Example.
  • one of nine distributed pilot patterns PP1 to PP9 is inserted into OFDM symbols of a corresponding transmission frame and transmitted according to the FFT size and the GI size. It is set as an Example.
  • the FFT size is 1k, 2k, 4k, 8k, 16k
  • the GI size is 1/128, 1/32, 1/16, 19/256, 1/8, 19/128, 1/4 In one embodiment it will be.
  • the FFT size refers to the number of subcarriers constituting one OFDM symbol
  • the GI size refers to a ratio occupied by the GI in one OFDM symbol. Therefore, the OFDM symbol length depends on the FFT size and the GI size.
  • the GI size varies in units of a super frame, and the GI size information is signaled in the GUARD_INTERVAL field of the L1-pre signaling information. That is, the GUARD_INTERVAL field indicates the GI of the current super frame.
  • the pilot pattern information inserted in the current transmission frame is signaled in the PILOT_PATTERN field of the L1-pre signaling information and / or the PILOT_PATTERN field of the AP1 signaling information.
  • the FFT sizes of the P2 symbols in the preamble region and the OFDM symbols in the data region are the same.
  • the FFT size information of the transport frame is signaled in the S2 field of the P1 signaling information.
  • S2 field 1 includes partial information about the FFT size and GI of P2 symbols and data symbols in the transmission frame. Signaled. S2 field 1 means the first 3 bits in the S2 field. That is, in one transmission frame, P2 symbols and data symbols have the same FFT size and GI size.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates a structure of a P1 symbol and an AP1 symbol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the P1 symbol is generated by copying the front part and the rear part of the effective symbol A, respectively, and shifting the frequency by + fSH, and then placing them at the front (C) and the rear (B) of the valid symbol (A).
  • the C portion is called a prefix portion
  • the B portion is called a postfix portion. That is, the P1 symbol may include a prefix, a valid symbol, and a postfix portion.
  • the AP1 symbol is generated by copying the front part and the rear part of the valid symbol D, respectively, by frequency shifting by -fSH, and placing them in front (F) and back (E) of the valid symbol (D).
  • the F portion is called a prefix portion
  • the E portion is called a postfix portion. That is, the AP1 symbol may include a prefix, a valid symbol, and a postfix portion.
  • the two frequency shift values + fSH and -fSH used for the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol are identical to each other and only opposite signs. In other words, the frequency shift is performed in the opposite direction.
  • the lengths of C and F copied before the valid symbols are set differently, and the lengths of B and E copied after the valid symbols are set differently.
  • the lengths of C and F may be different, and the lengths of B and E may be the same, or vice versa.
  • the effective symbol length of the P1 symbol and the effective symbol length of the AP1 symbol may be set differently.
  • a P1 symbol and a different Complementary Set Sequence (CSS) are used for tone selection and data scramble in AP1.
  • the lengths of C and F copied before the valid symbols are set differently, and the lengths of B and E copied after the valid symbols are set differently.
  • the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol have the same frequency shift value but have opposite signs.
  • the offset value is added to or subtracted from the length (TA) / 2 value of A to set the length of C and B, and the value added to or subtracted from the length (TD) / 2 value of D to set the length of F, E.
  • Offset values can be set differently.
  • the offset value of the P1 symbol is set to 30 and the offset value of the AP1 symbol is set to 15.
  • Such a numerical value is an example to help understanding of the present invention, and the numerical value may be easily changed by those skilled in the art, and thus the present invention is not limited to the numerical value.
  • the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol are generated and inserted into each transmission frame in the structure as shown in FIG. 30, so that the P1 symbol does not deteriorate the detection performance of the AP1 symbol, whereas the AP1 symbol does not deteriorate the detection performance of the P1 symbol. .
  • the detection performance of the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol are almost the same.
  • the complexity of the receiver can be minimized by having a similar structure between the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol.
  • the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol may be continuously transmitted to each other, or may be allocated and transmitted at different positions within the transmission frame.
  • the transmission is allocated to different positions, a high time diversity effect can be obtained for the preamble symbol.
  • the present invention transmits continuously.
  • the OFDM demodulator shown in FIG. 31 is substantially the same as the OFDM demodulator 107100 described in FIG. 8 except that it includes the AP1 symbol detection modules 306602 and 306612. Therefore, a detailed description of the same block as the block described in FIG. 8 will be omitted, and the AP1 symbol detection modules 306602 and 306612 will be briefly described.
  • the AP1 symbol detection module 306602 and 306612 may detect and decode an AP1 symbol that transmits AP1 signaling information among digital broadcast signals.
  • the receiver may obtain pilot pattern information and the like of the current transmission frame using the decoded AP1 signaling information.
  • the TS may be an MPEG-2 TS.
  • FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a broadcast system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 32 is a diagram for one embodiment of a broadcast system for transmitting a broadcast signal so that each receiver can selectively receive a broadcast signal suitable for characteristics of the receiver when the broadcaster transmits the broadcast signal.
  • a mobile receiver 501100 such as a mobile phone can select and receive a transmission frame having high mobile reception performance, and is a fixed receiver including a general home TV.
  • a transmission frame having a high quality indoor reception performance may be selected and received
  • a frame having high quality indoor reception performance while having appropriate low resolution mobile reception performance may be selected. You can select to receive.
  • the broadcast system may use scalable video coding (SVC) to receive a broadcast frame necessary according to characteristics of a receiver.
  • SVC scalable video coding
  • FIG. 33 is a block diagram illustrating a process of receiving a PLP suitable for a use of a receiver according to a broadcasting system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • one transmission frame 502100 may include a plurality of PLPs.
  • the PLP is a unit of transmission data identified in the physical layer, and each PLP may transmit data having the same property of the physical layer processed in the transmission path.
  • the physical parameters may be set differently for each PLP.
  • data corresponding to one service may be classified by component such as video and audio, and the data corresponding to each component may be transmitted to a separate PLP.
  • the component of the present invention may be used as a meaning including data corresponding to the component.
  • a plurality of PLPs 502200 included in one transmission frame 502100 may carry one service.
  • SVC Scalable Video Coding
  • the base layer may transmit video data for an image having a basic quality
  • the enhancement layer may transmit additional video data for reconstructing an image having a higher quality.
  • the target of the SVC may not be the only video data
  • the base layer is data that can provide a basic service including basic video / audio / data corresponding to the base layer
  • the enhancement layer is an enhancement layer. It may be used as a meaning including data capable of providing a higher service including a higher picture / audio / data corresponding to the corresponding picture.
  • the base layer of the present invention may be used to mean video data corresponding to the base layer
  • the enhancement layer may be used to mean video data corresponding to the enhancement layer.
  • PLP 1 of the present invention may transmit a base layer
  • PLP 2 may transmit an enhancement layer
  • PLP 3 may transmit an audio stream
  • PLP 4 may transmit a data stream.
  • the receiver can selectively receive the required PLP according to the characteristics of each receiver. Look at the specific example below.
  • the transmitter sets physical parameters for high mobile reception performance for the PLP1.
  • the PLP 2 that transmits the enhanced layer may not receive the mobile receiver 502400 due to the poor mobile reception performance compared to the PLP 1, the PLP 2 may receive the fixed layer 502300 that needs to receive a high definition broadcast having a high resolution.
  • the transmitter may set and transmit physical parameters for the PLP 2 so as to transmit the same.
  • the mobile receiver 502300 may provide a service having a general resolution by receiving a PLP1 transmitting a base layer having high mobile reception performance and a PLP 3 and PLP 4 transmitting audio and data streams. have.
  • the fixed receiver 502400 receives a large amount of data by receiving a large amount of data by receiving PLP 2 and PLP 3 and PLP 4 which transmit not only PLP 1 but also a transport stream associated with a high resolution enhanced layer to receive a high quality broadcast. Can provide services.
  • the P1 signaling information area 503100, the L1 signaling information area 503200, the common PLP area 503300, the plurality of scheduled and interleaved PLP areas 503400 and the auxiliary data area 503500, as shown in FIG. ) May be included.
  • the common PLP region 503300 may be referred to as an L2 signaling information region.
  • the signaling information is information used for recovering data included in the plurality of PLP regions in the receiver.
  • the signaling information may include P1 signaling information, L1 signaling information, and L2 signaling information, and may include a P1 signaling information region 503100,
  • the L1 signaling information region 503200 and the common PLP region 503300 may be collectively called a preamble.
  • only the P1 signaling information region 503100 and the L1 signaling information region 503200 may be referred to as a preamble.
  • the P1 signaling information region 503100 may include P1 signaling information including information for identifying the preamble itself.
  • the L1 signaling information area 503200 may include L1 signaling information including information necessary for processing a PLP in a transmission frame by the receiver.
  • the L2 signaling information area 503300 may include L2 signaling information including information that can be commonly applied to a plurality of PLPs.
  • the L2 signaling information according to the present invention may include PSI / SI (Program and System Information / Signaling Information).
  • PSI / SI Program and System Information / Signaling Information
  • network information such as NIT (Network Information Table) or PLP information, SDT (Service Description Table), EIT (Event Information Table), and PMT (Program Map Table) / PAT (Program Association) Service information such as Table) may be included.
  • Service information such as SDT and PMT / PAT may be included in a plurality of PLP areas 503400 and transmitted according to a designer's intention.
  • the broadcast signal may include an IP information table such as INT (IP / MAC notification table).
  • IP information table such as INT (IP / MAC notification table).
  • the plurality of scheduled and interleaved PLP regions 503400 may transmit service components, such as an audio component, a video component, and a data component, included in a service through the plurality of PLPs, and may include a PSI / SI such as PMT / PAT. have.
  • the receiver may decode the L1 signaling information region 503200 by using the information included in the P1 signaling information region 503100 to obtain information about the structure and frame configuration of the PLPs included in the transmission frame. In particular, the receiver may know through which PLP each service component included in the service is transmitted through information included in the L1 signaling information area 503200 or the L2 signaling information area 503300.
  • the above-described decoding process may be performed by the BICM decoder 107300 of the broadcast signal receiver according to the present invention.
  • the BICM encoder 101300 of the broadcast signal transmitter may transmit signaling L1 by encoding signaling information related to a broadcast service so that the receiver can decode the broadcast signal.
  • the receiver may identify and apply information about service components while receiving a transmission frame.
  • the L1 signaling information region 503200 is suitable for receiving information about components of a service and transmitting information applicable to the receiver while receiving a transmission frame.
  • the receiver may obtain information about the service components after decoding of the L2 signaling information area 503300 is completed. Therefore, the receiver cannot grasp or change information on the components of the service while receiving the transmission frame.
  • the size of the L2 signaling information area 503300 is larger than the size of the L1 signaling information area 503200, data for a plurality of service components may be transmitted. Accordingly, the L2 signaling information area 503300 is suitable for transmitting general information about service components.
  • the L1 signaling information area 503200 and the L2 signaling information area 503300 are used together. That is, the L1 signaling information area 503200 may transmit information that can be changed at the same time as the transmission frame is received at the PLP level, such as high mobile performance and high-speed data communication characteristics, or information of service components that can be changed at any time during broadcast signal transmission. . In addition, the L2 signaling information area 503300 may transmit information on service components included in a service and general information about channel reception.
  • FIG. 35 illustrates fields included in the L1 signaling information region of FIG. 34 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 35 is a diagram for one embodiment of fields included in a NUM_PLP loop included in the L1 signaling information region 503200 of FIG. 34.
  • the NUM_PLP loop illustrated in FIG. 34 is included in a table included in the dynamic block of the L1-post signaling information described above with reference to FIG. 16.
  • the NUM_PLP loop may include fields related to each PLP for each of the plurality of PLPs included in the transmission frame. Although not shown in the figure, the number of PLPs may be preset in another field of the L1 signaling information region 503200. In addition, the field in the present invention may be referred to as information, which may be commonly applied to all embodiments according to the present invention.
  • the NUM_PLP loop may include a PLP_ID field, a PLP_GROUP_ID field, a PLP_TYPE field, a PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE field, a PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field, a PLP_COD field, a PLP_MOD field, and a PLP_FEC_TYPE field.
  • PLP_ID field a field that specifies a PLP_ID field
  • PLP_GROUP_ID field a PLP_TYPE field
  • PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE field a PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field
  • PLP_COD field a PLP_COD field
  • PLP_MOD field a PLP_MOD field
  • PLP_FEC_TYPE field a PLP_FEC_TYPE field.
  • the PLP_ID field has a size of 8 bits and may identify each PLP.
  • the PLP_GROUP_ID field may have a size of 8 bits and identify a PLP group including a PLP.
  • the PLP group may be referred to as a link-layer-pipe (LLP), and the PLP_GROUP_ID field is referred to as an LLP_ID field according to an embodiment.
  • the NIT to be described later may include the same PLP_GROUP_ID field as the PLP_GROUP_ID field included in the L1 signaling information, and may include a transport_stream_id field for identifying a transport stream associated with the PLP group.
  • the receiver can know which PLP group a particular transport stream is associated with. That is, in order to simultaneously decode a transport stream transmitted through PLPs having the same PLP_GROUP_ID, one service stream may be restored by merging the transport stream indicated by the transport_stream_id field of the NIT.
  • the receiver may recover the original transport stream by merging PLPs having the same PLP_GROUP_ID field.
  • the PLP_TYPE field has a size of 3 bits and may identify a PLP included in a plurality of PLP groups and a group PLP included in only one group.
  • the PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE field has a size of 5 bits and may indicate whether a transport packet included in the PLP is a TS type or an IP type.
  • the PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field identifies a type of data (or service component) transmitted through the PLP.
  • the receiver uses a PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field to indicate whether the type of a component of a broadcast service transmitted through the PLP is video data, video extension data, or audio data.
  • the PLP_COD field is a field having a size of 3 bits and may indicate a code rate of a PLP. In the present invention, the code rate may include 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, and the like.
  • the PLP_MOD field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate a modulation type of the PLP.
  • the modulation type may include QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, and the like.
  • the PLP_FEC_TYPE field is a field having a size of 2 bits and may indicate a Forward Error Correction (FEC) type of the PLP.
  • FEC Forward Error Correction
  • the PLP_GROUP_ID field, the PLP_TYPE field, and the PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field may be used to signal an association between the PLP and service components, transport streams, and service components.
  • the PLP_COD field and the PLP_MOD field may be used for signaling operation characteristics such as mobile performance and data communication characteristics of the PLP.
  • FIG. 36 illustrates fields included in the L1 signaling information region of FIG. 34 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the NUM_PLP loop illustrated in FIG. 34 is included in a table included in the dynamic block of the L1-post signaling information described above with reference to FIG. 16.
  • the NUM_PLP loop may include fields related to each PLP for each of the plurality of PLPs included in the transmission frame. Although not shown in the figure, the number of PLPs may be preset in another field of the L1 signaling information region 503200. In addition, the field in the present invention may be referred to as information, which may be commonly applied to all embodiments according to the present invention.
  • the fields included in the NUM_PLP loop shown in FIG. 36 are the same as the fields included in the NUM_PLP loop shown in FIG. 35, but may further include a PLP_PROFILE field.
  • a description of the same field as the field described with reference to FIG. 35 will be omitted, and the PLP_PROFILE field will be described.
  • the PLP_PROFILE field has a size of 8 bits and may identify whether the corresponding PLP is a mandatory PLP or an optional PLP. For example, when a component transmitted through a PLP is classified into a base layer or an enhanced layer, the PLP transmitting the base layer may be an essential PLP, and the PLP transmitting the enhanced layer may be an optional PLP. That is, the receiver uses the PLP_PORFILE field to determine which receiver can use the component of the broadcast service currently transmitted to the PLP according to receiver characteristics such as mobile receiver and HD receiver, and whether to receive the current PLP according to the receiver characteristic. Can be determined.
  • a signaling method for signaling an association between a PLP or a PLP and a service component using a PLP_ID field, a PLP_GROUP_ID field, a PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field, and a PLP_PROFILE field will be described.
  • the present invention provides two signaling method embodiments.
  • the first embodiment may recover a transport stream by merging PLPs included in the same PLP group by using a correlation between the PLP group included in the L1 signaling information region and a service, and also include the PLP in the receiver. It is a signaling method that can selectively receive a desired PLP according to the characteristics of a receiver by using a relationship between a service component and a service.
  • the second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, but a signaling method capable of selectively receiving a PLP constituting a desired service by a receiver in the physical layer by transmitting information about components constituting the same service through a base PLP. to be.
  • FIG. 37 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an association relationship between a service and a PLP group according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the receiver when transmitting a broadcast signal of the TS type, acquires a service ID and uses the associated PLP group ID to merge the PLPs included in the same PLP group to recover one transport stream. Way.
  • the L1 signaling information area 505100 may include information related to each of the plurality of PLPs, that is, a PLP_GROUP ID field, a PLP_ID field, and the like.
  • the L2 signaling information region 505200 may include an NIT and an SDT.
  • the NIT may include a PLP_GROUP_ID field and a transport_stream_id field identical to the PLP_GROUP_ID field included in the L1 signaling information region 505100, through which the receiver may know which PLP group a specific transport stream is associated with.
  • the SDT may include a transport_stream_id field and a service_id field identical to the transport_stream_id field included in the NIT, and through this, the receiver may distinguish between services transmitted through a specific transport frame.
  • the receiver can identify a desired service among the services included in the specific transport stream through the service_id field included in the SDT, and identify the PLP group associated with the specific transport stream through the transport_stream_id field and the PLP_GROUP_ID field included in the NIT. can do. Thereafter, the receiver may receive a PLP having the same PLP_GROUP_ID field included in the L1 signaling information region 505100. That is, the receiver may recover one transport stream by merging a plurality of PLPs included in a PLP group associated with a desired service.
  • the L1 signaling information area 505100 of the first embodiment includes the same fields described with reference to FIG. 35, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the NIT is a table for transmitting information related to the physical configuration of the multiplexer / transport stream transmitted over a given network and information about the characteristics of the network itself.
  • the receiver can obtain information about the transport stream from the NIT.
  • the NIT of the first embodiment may include a network_id field, a transport_stream_id field, and a delivery_system_desciptor loop.
  • the network_id field is a field used for identifying a network on which a current broadcast signal is transmitted.
  • the transport_stream_id field is a field used to identify a transport stream that is currently transmitted.
  • the delivery_system_desciptor field may include fields necessary for matching a transport stream to a PLP and a delivery system.
  • the delivery_system_desciptor field of the present invention may include the same PLP_GROUP_ID field as the PLP_GROUP_ID field included in the L1 signaling information.
  • the delivery_system_desciptor field according to the first embodiment of the present invention may include a PLP ID loop included in the L1 signaling information region 505100.
  • the PLP ID loop may include fields related to each PLP for each of the plurality of PLPs included in the transmission frame.
  • the system_id field is a field used for identifying a system unique to a broadcast network to be transmitted.
  • the system_parameters () field may include parameters indicating transmission system characteristics such as whether SISO / MIMO, bandwidth, guard interval, transmission mode, and the like.
  • the cell_parameters () field may include parameters indicating cell information such as a center frequency and a cell identifier.
  • the SDT is a table that contains information about a plurality of services included in one transport frame.
  • the SDT according to the first embodiment of the present invention may include a transport_stream_id field and a NUM_service loop, and the NUM_service loop may include a service_id field.
  • the transport_stream_id field is the same as the transport_stream_id field included in the NIT, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the service_id field is used to identify a plurality of services included in a transport frame.
  • FIG. 38 illustrates an embodiment of a delivery system descriptor field according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 38 shows a delivery_system_descriptor field of an NIT according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This field is used to link a PLP_GROUP_ID field of a L1 signaling information region 505100 with a transport stream.
  • the delivery_system_descriptor field may include a descriptor_tag field, a descriptor_lenth field, a system_id field, a PLP_GROUP_ID field, and a first loop.
  • the first loop is used when the size of the descriptor_lenth field is larger than 3, and may include a system_parameters () field and a second loop.
  • the second loop may include a cell_parameters () field.
  • the descriptor_tag field is a field used for identifying each descriptors.
  • the descriptor_lenth field is a field used to indicate the total length of the data portion of the descriptor.
  • the system_id field is a field used for identifying a system unique to a broadcast network to be transmitted.
  • the PLP_GROUP_ID field may match the transport_stream_id field of the NIT to identify a PLP group to be merged. Since the basic content is the same as the PLP_GROUP_ID field described with reference to FIG. 35, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • system_parameters () field included in the first loop and the cell_parameters () field included in the second loop are the same as described with reference to FIG. 37, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • 39 is yet another conceptual diagram illustrating an association relationship between a service and a PLP group according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the conceptual diagram according to the first embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 37 is a signaling method using a PLP group ID and a service ID.
  • the receiver uses one service using an association relationship between the service and the PLP group at a service level. Can be recovered.
  • the present invention when receiving a TS format broadcast signal, not only a method of signaling using a correlation between a service and a PLP group, but also a type of a current transport stream and a component included in each PLP are identified.
  • the present invention aims to provide a signaling method capable of selectively receiving a transport stream and a PLP based on the obtained information.
  • the L1 signaling information area 508100 may include information related to each of a plurality of PLPs, that is, a PLP_GROUP ID field, a PLP_ID field, a PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field, and the like. have.
  • the L2 signaling information area 508200 may include NIT and SDT.
  • the NIT may include a PLP_GROUP_ID field and a transport_stream_id field identical to the PLP_GROUP_ID field included in the L1 signaling information region 508100, through which the receiver may know which PLP group a specific transport stream is associated with.
  • the SDT may include a transport_stream_id field and a service_id field identical to the transport_stream_id included in the NIT, and through this, the receiver may separately select a service transmitted through a specific transport frame.
  • the receiver since the PMT includes a program_number field matching the service_id field included in the SDT, the receiver may identify a program number included in the selected service.
  • the receiver since the PMT includes a stream type field, a PLP_ID field, and a PLP_COMPONENT field, the receiver determines the type of the current stream through the stream type field and the component type included in the current PLP through the PLP_COMPONENT field. Can be received.
  • the receiver can identify a desired service among the services included in the specific transport stream by obtaining the service_id field from the parsed SDT as in the first embodiment, and identify the PLP group associated with the specific transport stream through the NIT. have. Thereafter, the receiver may not only recover a service stream by receiving a PLP having the PLP_GROUP_ID field included in the L1 signaling information region 508100, but also selectively receive the PLP using component information included in the PLP to determine a receiver characteristic. It can provide the right image.
  • the L1 signaling information region 508100 illustrated in FIG. 39 includes the same fields as the L1 signaling information region 503200 described with reference to FIG. 32. Since the NIT and SDT are the same as the NIT and SDT described with reference to FIG. 37, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. .
  • the PMT is a table containing information indicating or identifying the location of streams included in each service.
  • the PMT may be transmitted through the PLP, and the transmission side may process and transmit the same as the data.
  • the PMT may include a program_number field and a PID loop.
  • the program_number field is used to identify each program service in the current transport stream and matches the service_id field of the SDT.
  • the PID loop may include a stream_type field, an elementary_PID field, and a component_id_descriptor field including information associated with each packet for a plurality of packets.
  • the stream_type field is used to identify the stream type to which a program is transmitted.
  • the stream type according to the present invention may include an SVC stream, an AVC stream, and the like.
  • the elementary_PID field is a field used for identifying a packet of an elementary stream (ES).
  • the component_id_descriptor field may include a PLP_ID field and a PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field. Since the PLP_ID field and the PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field are the same as the PLP_ID field and the PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field included in the L1 signaling information area 508100, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the receiver may identify and select a stream through the stream_type field.
  • the PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field may be used to determine whether a component transmitted by the PLP is a base layer or an enhanced layer and may selectively receive or process a PLP according to characteristics of a receiver.
  • 40 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a component ID descriptor field according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 40 illustrates an embodiment of a component_id_descriptor field included in a PID loop of a PMT, and is used to connect a PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field of an L1 signaling information region 508100 with a transport stream.
  • the component_id_descriptor field may include a descriptor_tag field, a descriptor_lenth field, a system_id field, a PLP_ID field, and a PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field.
  • the PLP_ID field may be used to identify a PLP matching with the PID substream of the corresponding stream type.
  • 41 is a flowchart illustrating a service scan method of a receiver according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the receiver may tune the next channel (S510100).
  • the next channel S510100
  • information for identifying a service included in a transmission frame transmitted through a channel is required.
  • this process may be performed in the tuner of the receiver and may be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the receiver may obtain a PLP ID, a PLP group ID, and a system ID included in the L1 signaling information region 508100 by decoding the L1 signaling information region 508100 included in the transmission frame (S510200).
  • This process may be performed by the BICM decoder 107300 of the broadcast signal receiver according to the present invention, specifically, by the second decoding block 110200.
  • the BICM encoder 101300 of the broadcast signal transmitter according to the present invention may generate and transmit L1 signaling information by encoding signaling information. This can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the receiver may identify the PLP groups using the decoded PLP group ID, select a desired PLP group, and decode the PLP including the L2 signaling information region 508200 and the PSI / SI (S510300).
  • This process may be performed by the BICM decoder 107300 of the broadcast signal receiver according to the present invention, and specifically, may be performed by the first decoding block 110100. This can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the receiver may decode the NIT and the SDT included in the decoded L2 signaling information region 508200, decode the PAT / PMT included in the PLP, and store service information associated with information about the transmission system and the PLP structure. (S510400). This process may be performed by the BICM decoder 107300 of the broadcast signal receiver according to the present invention, and specifically, may be performed by the first decoding block 110100. This can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the receiver may check the type of the component currently transmitted by the PLP using the PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field included in the decoded PMT and store the component to be additionally received according to the characteristics of the receiver (S510500). That is, the receiver may further receive / store a component corresponding to a service that can be provided according to receiver characteristics using the aforementioned stream_type or PLP_component_type field.
  • the receiver may determine whether the currently selected PLP group is the last PLP group (S510600).
  • the receiver may return to step S510300 to select the next PLP group, and if it is determined that it is the last PLP group.
  • the receiver may determine whether the current channel is the last channel (S510600).
  • the receiver may return to step S510100 again to tune the next channel, and if it is determined that the last channel, the receiver may tune the first service or the pre-set service using the stored service information ( S510700).
  • FIG. 42 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an association relationship between a service and a PLP according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a receiver when a receiver scans a channel, it may not be able to search all of the PLPs that transmit a component included in one service. This is because there may be a PLP that does not include PSI / SI because components included in one service for each service are transmitted through each PLP.
  • a PSI / SI such as PAT / PMT is transmitted to an arbitrary PLP included in a plurality of PLP regions, so that all PLPs transmitting components included in one service can be searched.
  • a PLP for transmitting service configuration information such as PAT / PMT may be referred to as a base PLP. That is, when the receiver decodes the base PLP, the receiver may obtain information about the remaining component PLPs included in one service.
  • the receiver instead of processing all the transport streams to obtain signaling information, the receiver processes the signaling information in the physical layer to obtain signaling information included in the base PLP, thereby providing the information to the transport stream. Signaling information may be obtained.
  • the L1 signaling information region 511100 may include information related to each of a plurality of PLPs, that is, a PLP_GROUP ID field, a PLP_ID field, a PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field, and the like. have.
  • the L2 signaling information region 511200 may include an NIT and an SDT.
  • the NIT may include a BASE_PLP_ID field that matches the PLP_ID field included in the L1 signaling information region 511100, and through this, the receiver may identify a base PLP for transmitting PMT / PAT.
  • the SDT may include a transport_stream_id field and a service_id field identical to the transport_stream_id included in the NIT, and through this, the receiver may separately select a service transmitted through a specific transport frame.
  • the receiver can identify a program number included in the selected service.
  • the receiver can identify the current stream type through the stream type field included in the PMT, and use the PLP_ID field of the component_id_desriptor included in the PMT to identify the PLP and component association to receive / process the PLP suitable for the receiver. have.
  • the receiver may receive a PLP for transmitting differentiated service components such as mobile service and high-definition service according to the characteristics of the receiver using the PLP_PROFILE field included in the PMT.
  • differentiated service components such as mobile service and high-definition service
  • PLP_PROFILE field included in the PMT may be used to restore a transport stream that matches the characteristics of the receiver.
  • the receiver may identify and select the base PLP of each transport stream using the BASE_PLP_ID field included in the NIT, and may receive a PMT transmitted through the base PLP.
  • the service_id field included in the SDT identifies and selects a desired service
  • the PLP_ID fields included in the PMT can select all the PLPs included in the component included in one service, as well as the characteristics of the receiver using the PLP_PROFILE field. According to the PLP can be received.
  • L1 signaling information region 511100 the NIT, the SDT, and the PMT according to the second embodiment will be described.
  • the L1 signaling information area 511100 of the second embodiment is the same as the L1 signaling information area 503200 described with reference to FIG. 36, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the NIT of the second embodiment is the same as the NIT of the first embodiment of the present invention described with reference to FIG. 42, but may further include a BASE_PLP_ID field.
  • the BASE_PLP_ID field is used to identify a base PLP.
  • the base PLP may transmit PSI / SI information of a corresponding transport stream such as PMT / PAT.
  • the BASE_PLP_ID field may be included in a delivery_system_desciptor loop of the NIT.
  • the PMT of the second embodiment may include a program_number field and a PID loop, and the PID loop may include a component_id_descriptor field.
  • the component_id_descriptor field may include a PLP_PROFILE field and a PLP_ID field.
  • the contents of the program_number field and the PLP_ID field are the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 35 and 39. Since the PLP_PROFILE field is the same as the PLP_PROFILE field included in the L1 signaling information region 511100, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 43 illustrates an embodiment of a delivery system descriptor field according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the delivery_system_descriptor field of the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the delivery_system_descriptor field of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 38, but may further include a BASE_PLP_ID field. Since the contents of the BASE_PLP_ID field are the same as those described with reference to FIG. 42, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 44 illustrates an embodiment of a component ID descriptor field according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the component_id_descriptor field included in the PID loop of the PMT of the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the component_id_descriptor field of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 40, but may include a PLP_PROFILE field instead of the PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field. Since the content of the PLP_PROFILE field is the same as that described with reference to FIG. 42, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • 45 is a flowchart illustrating a service scan method of a receiver according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the receiver may tune the next channel after receiving the TP-type broadcast signal (S515100).
  • S515100 TP-type broadcast signal
  • information for identifying a service included in a transmission frame transmitted through a channel is required.
  • this process may be performed in the tuner of the receiver and may be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the receiver may obtain a PLP ID, a PLP group ID, and a system ID included in the L1 signaling information region 511100 by decoding the L1 signaling information region 511100 included in the transmission frame (S515150).
  • This process may be performed by the BICM decoder 107300 of the broadcast signal receiver according to the present invention, specifically, by the second decoding block 110200.
  • the BICM encoder 101300 of the broadcast signal transmitter according to the present invention may generate and transmit L1 signaling information by encoding signaling information. This can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the receiver may identify the PLP groups by using the decoded PLP group ID, select a desired PLP group, and decode the L2 signaling information region 511200 (S515200).
  • This process may be performed by the BICM decoder 107300 of the broadcast signal receiver according to the present invention, and specifically, may be performed by the first decoding block 110100. This can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the receiver decodes the NIT included in the L2 signaling information region 511200 and may find a base PLP of each TS using the BASE_PLP_ID field included in the NIT (S515250).
  • This process may be performed by the BICM decoder 107300 of the broadcast signal receiver according to the present invention, and specifically, may be performed by the first decoding block 110100. This can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the receiver may identify the transport stream included in the PLP group by using the transport_stream_id field included in the NIT and decode the PMT included in the base PLP (S515300).
  • This process may be performed by the BICM decoder 107300 of the broadcast signal receiver according to the present invention, and specifically, may be performed by the first decoding block 110100. This can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the receiver uses the PLP_PROFILE field included in the component ID descriptor field of the decoded PMT to determine which receiver can use the component of the broadcast service currently transmitted to the PLP according to receiver characteristics such as a mobile receiver and an HD receiver.
  • the PLP may be selectively received using the field.
  • the receiver may store information regarding a relationship between the component and the PLP in consideration of characteristics of the receiver (S515350).
  • the information about the relationship between the component and the PLP may include a connection relationship between the PID information of the PMT and the PLP_id field included in the component ID descriptor field.
  • the receiver may determine whether the current TS is the last TS in the PLP group (S515400).
  • the receiver may return to step S515250 to parse the NIT and obtain a base PLP of each TS through the BASE_PLP_ID field. If it is determined that the last TS, the receiver determines whether the current PLP group is the last PLP group. It may be determined whether or not (S515450).
  • the receiver may return to step S515200 again, select the next PLP group, decode the common PLP, and determine that it is the last PLP group. The receiver may determine whether it is the last channel (S515500).
  • the receiver may return to step S515100 again and tune the next channel. If it is determined that the channel is the last channel, the receiver may tune the first service or the pre-set service (S515550).
  • 46 is a flowchart of a broadcast signal receiving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the receiver 107100 of the broadcast signal receiver may receive a broadcast signal including a transmission frame for transmitting a broadcast service (S4500).
  • the transmission frame may include a preamble and a plurality of PLPs.
  • the preamble may also include first signaling information
  • the plurality of PLPs may include a plurality of PLP groups, second signaling information, third signaling information, and fourth signaling information.
  • the P1 signaling information region 503100, the L1 signaling information region 503200, and the common PLP region 503300 may be collectively called a preamble.
  • only the P1 signaling information region 503100 and the L1 signaling information region 503200 may be referred to as a preamble. This can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the first signaling information may include L1 signaling information and may be located after the P1 symbol of the transmission frame.
  • the second signaling information may include L2 signaling information, and may include the NIT illustrated in FIG. 38 as an embodiment.
  • the third signaling information may include the SDT illustrated in FIG. 38
  • the fourth signaling information may include the PMT illustrated in FIG. 38.
  • the common PLP may include the second signaling information or the second signaling information and the third signaling information, and the common PLP may be located after the first signaling information of the transport frame.
  • the common PLP may be included in the preamble according to the designer's intention.
  • the first signaling information includes a first identifier for identifying each of the plurality of PLP groups, for example, the PLP_GROUP_ID field of FIG. 38, a second identifier for identifying each of the plurality of PLPs, for example, the PLP_ID field and the plurality of PLPs of FIG. 38. It may include a third identifier for identifying each component of a broadcast service included in, for example, the PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field of FIG. 38.
  • the second signaling information may include a first descriptor including the first identifier and may include, for example, delivery_system_descriptor of FIG. 38.
  • the third signaling information may include a fourth identifier for identifying a broadcast service, for example, the service_id field of FIG. 38, and the fourth signaling information may include a fifth identifier for identifying a type of a transport stream, for example, FIG. It may include a stream_type field of 38, a second descriptor including a second identifier and a third identifier.
  • the second BICM decoding block 110200 included in the BICM decoder 107300 of the broadcast signal receiver may decode the first signaling information included in the preamble of the transport frame (S4510).
  • the first BICM decoding block 110100 included in the BICM decoder 107300 of the broadcast signal receiver may decode the second signaling information (S4520), and then decode the third signaling information. It may be (S4530). Thereafter, the first BICM decoding block 110100 may decode the fourth signaling information (S4540) and decode the plurality of PLPs using the second, third and fourth signaling information (S4550).
  • the present invention may be applied in whole or in part to a digital broadcasting system.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne, dans un de ses modes de réalisation, un procédé de réception de signaux de diffusion comportant les étapes consistant à : recevoir des signaux de diffusion contenant des trames d'émission destinées à émettre un service de diffusion, la trame d'émission contenant un préambule qui comprend une première information de signalisation et une pluralité de groupes de PLP, une deuxième information de signalisation et une pluralité de PLP qui contiennent une troisième information de signalisation et une quatrième information de signalisation ; décoder la première information de signalisation figurant dans le préambule, ladite première information de signalisation contenant un premier identifiant, un deuxième identifiant et un troisième identifiant ; décoder les deuxième, troisième et quatrième informations de signalisation ; et décoder une pluralité de PLP comportant les deuxième, troisième et quatrième informations de signalisation.
PCT/KR2011/000817 2010-02-12 2011-02-08 Émetteur / récepteur de signaux de diffusion et procédé d'émission / réception de signaux de diffusion WO2011099747A2 (fr)

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Citations (4)

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