WO2011097841A1 - 自动设置遮光号的自动变光焊接滤光镜 - Google Patents

自动设置遮光号的自动变光焊接滤光镜 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011097841A1
WO2011097841A1 PCT/CN2010/072236 CN2010072236W WO2011097841A1 WO 2011097841 A1 WO2011097841 A1 WO 2011097841A1 CN 2010072236 W CN2010072236 W CN 2010072236W WO 2011097841 A1 WO2011097841 A1 WO 2011097841A1
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Prior art keywords
light
welding
chip microcomputer
single chip
light intensity
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PCT/CN2010/072236
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
富强
郭当波
Original Assignee
大恒新纪元科技股份有限公司
北京极光安防护科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2011097841A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011097841A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/04—Eye-masks ; Devices to be worn on the face, not intended for looking through; Eye-pads for sunbathing
    • A61F9/06—Masks, shields or hoods for welders
    • A61F9/065—Masks, shields or hoods for welders use of particular optical filters
    • A61F9/067—Masks, shields or hoods for welders use of particular optical filters with variable transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G02F1/13318—Circuits comprising a photodetector

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dimming welding filter that automatically sets a shading number based on the actual intensity of the welding arc. Background technique
  • the existing dimming filter Prior to use, the existing dimming filter requires the operator to manually set the filter according to the type of welding to be performed and the current to be used. Refer to Table 3 in Welding Goggles and Masks GB 3609. 1-83.
  • the value of the shading after dimming whenever the operator re-selects the type of welding or changes the current used, it is necessary to remove the helmet and set the shading value after the filter is dimmed, which is not only for the operator.
  • the work is inconvenient, and a lot of man-hours are added invisibly. In particular, some operators forget to re-modify the settings to perform new welding operations, and the eyes are hurt. Summary of the invention
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an automatic dimming welding filter capable of automatically setting a shading number after a filter is dimmed according to a welding arc intensity.
  • the automatic dimming welding filter for automatically setting the shading number of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal lens group, a photosensitive tube, a trigger circuit and a single chip microcomputer.
  • the photosensitive tube comprises two groups, one set is an infrared photosensitive tube, and the other is an infrared photosensitive tube.
  • One group is a green photosensitive tube, wherein the infrared photosensitive tube is used for detecting the welding arc and controlling the operation of the single chip by the trigger circuit, and the green photosensitive tube is used for detecting the green light signal in the welding arc, and transmitting the detected signal to
  • the matched light intensity processing circuit is processed by the light intensity processing circuit into a light intensity signal and then transmitted to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer automatically controls the liquid crystal lens group to change light according to the green light intensity value.
  • the light-shielding number after the liquid crystal lens group is dimmed corresponds to the light intensity value of the green light component in the welding arc.
  • the automatic dimming filter further includes a shading adjustment device for finely adjusting the shading number.
  • the automatic dimming filter is further provided with an LCD display for displaying the operating parameters of the filter.
  • the working parameters include a shading amount offset, a sensitivity, and a delay state. one or more.
  • the automatic dimming filter is further provided with a battery for operating and a battery power detecting circuit connected to the single chip microcomputer.
  • the automatic dimming filter is further provided with a buzzer connected to the single chip for emitting an alarm signal.
  • the infrared photosensitive tube and the green photosensitive tube each comprise two.
  • the battery includes a lithium battery for powering the entire dimming filter and a silicon photo cell for charging the lithium battery, wherein the lithium battery is connected with a power regulator chip, and the entire dimming filter is filtered by the power regulator chip.
  • the silicon photocell output current charges the lithium battery.
  • the power regulator chip is turned off and the entire dimming filter is turned off.
  • the LCD display screen also displays the detected battery power.
  • the LCD display screen displays the detected battery power in the form of an image and/or a bar.
  • the LCD display screen displays the shading number in digital form.
  • the buzzer emits a sound when the operating parameter changes.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are:
  • the automatic dimming welding filter with automatic setting of the shading number of the invention adds a green photo-sensitive tube and a light intensity processing circuit, and can detect the required setting by using the software in the single-chip microcomputer by detecting the light intensity value of the green light in the welding arc.
  • the shading number, and the program automatically sets the shading number to adjust the amplitude of the output voltage. This will be very effective in reducing the inconvenience of the welding user, and truly achieve a "fool" type of fully automatic product, so that the operator does not have to set the parameters according to the values in the manual before welding, reducing the use preparation time. And the training time, the user's technical threshold is lowered, and the user can be more fully protected, avoiding eye damage caused by setting or setting errors.
  • the present invention also uses the LCD display to display the shading number, sensitivity and delay performance and battery power, so that the status of the automatic dimming filter can be more intuitively understood in real time.
  • the sound prompt function of the buzzer can be used to promptly remind the operator of the change of the performance setting and the battery power shortage, thereby improving the safety performance of the use.
  • a single-chip application is used to control the entire circuit, so that the circuit that is triggered for a long time can be maintained at a stable value.
  • the invention can make the liquid crystal lens group faster in a wide temperature range of -10 ° C to + 60 ° C From the bright state to the dark state, the welder's eyes can be protected more practically, stably, accurately, and effectively from harmful light radiation.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the circuit principle of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical connection diagram of each port of a single chip microcomputer and an LCD display screen according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical connection diagram of a single chip microcomputer and a buzzer according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a light intensity processing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a trigger circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a booster circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing electrical connection of each port of a single chip microcomputer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a front elevational view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of the reverse side of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a relative visual acuity curve.
  • the circuit 10 the thermistor 11, the signal output circuit 12, the temperature compensation circuit 13 , the boost circuit 14 and the power supply voltage regulator chip 18 are electrically connected; the infrared photosensitive tube 8 and the trigger circuit 10 are electrically connected; the green light photosensitive tube 7 and the light
  • the strong processing circuit 9 is electrically connected, the liquid crystal lens group 15 is simultaneously connected to the signal output circuit 12, the temperature compensation circuit 13 and
  • the booster circuit 14 is electrically connected; the lithium battery 17 and the power regulator chip 18 are electrically connected, and the silicon photocell 16 and the lithium battery 17 are electrically connected.
  • the circuit is triggered to start after receiving the light intensity signal (generally greater than 10 lux) detected by the infrared photosensitive tube 8, and the system of the single chip microcomputer 1 is in a standby state.
  • the light intensity signal generally greater than 10 lux
  • the circuit receives the light intensity signal detected by the green photo-sensitive tube 7, and is processed by the light intensity processing circuit 9 and input into the single-chip microcomputer 1 system, and the single-chip microcomputer 1 calculates the light intensity signal according to the program, and satisfies the welding goggles. And the values of the parameters of the manual arc welding filter of Table 3 in GB 3609. 1-83», and set it as the reference value of the output signal.
  • the number of the infrared photosensitive tube 8 and the green photosensitive tube 7 is two, and the number of the infrared photosensitive tube 8 and the green photosensitive tube 7 is not limited to two in each group, and can be adjusted as needed.
  • the schematic diagram of the trigger circuit 10 and the light intensity processing circuit 9 is shown in Figs.
  • each part of the microcontroller is electrically connected to the circuit diagram, and the MCU 1 outputs three control signals:
  • the first one is driving the signal output circuit 12, and the signal output circuit 12 is controlled by the single chip microcomputer 1 to adjust the voltage value of the pulse output voltage applied to the liquid crystal lens group 15 so as to be corresponding to that obtained by the light intensity processing circuit 9.
  • the voltage value of the shading number which is the base voltage value that darkens the liquid crystal lens group.
  • the second is to drive the temperature compensation circuit 13 , and the temperature compensation circuit 1 is controlled by the single chip microcomputer 1 to output a temperature compensation voltage to the liquid crystal lens group 15 .
  • the temperature is detected by the thermistor 11 and the data is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer 1.
  • the single chip microcomputer 1 controls the temperature compensating circuit 13 to respond to the pulse output voltage according to the compensation voltage corresponding to the temperature in the temperature compensation table program that is input in advance.
  • the third is the driving of the boosting circuit 14, and the boosting circuit 14 is controlled by the single chip microcomputer 1 to output a high level voltage of 24V to the liquid crystal lens group 15 for applying the system voltage (5V) to a relatively high level ( 24V) to speed up the transition of the liquid crystal lens group 15. As shown in Fig.
  • the boost circuit 14 is composed of a diode 6-fold voltage rectifying circuit.
  • the control part composed of the voltage dividing resistor and the M0S tube circuit adjusts the 5V system voltage to the required high level (24V) by controlling the high-level charging pulse output from the single-chip microcomputer.
  • the liquid crystal lens group 15 After receiving the temperature-adjusted pulse output voltage and the high-level voltage of the boosting circuit 14 driven by the single-chip microcomputer 1, the liquid crystal lens group 15 is turned over, and the liquid crystal lens group 15 is referred to according to the value of the different light-shielding number.
  • N (Ev) 2. 93+2. 25 1og (Ev/ lx)
  • Ev is the light intensity, the unit lux
  • N (Ev) is the corresponding shading number under the light intensity (selected from: European standard BS EN 379: 2003)
  • the time of the entire darkening process is about 0.3 milliseconds.
  • the filter of the present invention comprises a casing, a liquid crystal lens group 15, a delay switch adjustment button 3, a shading offset adjustment button 4, and a sensitivity adjustment button 5;
  • the delay switch adjustment button 3 When the delay switch adjustment button 3 is pressed, the flag indicating the delay state on the LCD display 2 is in an active state, indicating the current delay state, and when the state is desired to be changed, the button can be repeatedly pressed, the LCD display 2 The delay state is displayed in a cyclic manner, and as long as the switch is switched to the desired delay state, the button is stopped.
  • the delay switch adjustment button 3 can also be used as a knob.
  • the sensitivity adjustment button 5 operates in a similar manner to the delay adjustment button 3.
  • the sensitivity adjustment button 5 When the sensitivity adjustment button 5 is pressed, the sensitivity gradually increases, and after increasing to the maximum value, the value becomes the minimum value, and then continues to increase, and thus cycles.
  • the sensitivity can also be set to work with decreasing, and can also perform the same function.
  • the sensitivity adjustment button 5 is shown as a button, it is obvious that this is merely exemplary and can be implemented in other forms, such as with a knob.
  • the shading offset adjustment button 4 is used to manually set in the positive and negative shading numbers to meet the habit deviation of different types of users. This offset does not affect the welding goggles and mask GB 3609. 83» The value of the manual arc welding filter in Table 3 can be finely adjusted within the allowable range.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the circuit of the buzzer connected to the single chip microcomputer in the filter of the present invention.
  • the buzzer emits a sound for alerting the operator to the state change of the operating parameters, so that the user can know the working parameters of the filter in time.
  • different sounds are emitted when different operating parameter states change.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that the sound is used to remind the user of changes in the welding work parameters, so that the user can know the working state of the filter in time for better convenience.
  • the buzzer sounds to remind the user that the battery is replaced in time.
  • the manner in which the buzzer emits sound is not limited to a certain sound, and it is obvious that various sound signals can be used. As long as the various sounds that the user can hear can be used as the sound of the buzzer. For example, consider the angle of comfort, emotion, etc. of the staff. Consider setting some sweet music sounds as sounds from the buzzer.
  • the power supply of the entire circuit is provided by a lithium battery 17, which can effectively extend the life of the lithium battery 17.
  • the silicon photocell 16 is disposed on the back of the filter. During the operation of the welding goggles, when the ambient light is strong, the silicon photocell 16 becomes an important power source by absorbing the external light intensity. Lithium battery charging, prolonging the use of lithium batteries.
  • Figure 4 shows the schematic diagram of the power supply circuit. When the ambient light intensity is less than 10 lux, the system power is automatically turned off, reducing the power loss of the lithium battery.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an LCD display screen of an exemplary embodiment in which a sensitivity 201, a battery level 202, a shading number 203, and a delay state 204 are displayed on the LCD display screen 2.
  • the sensitivity 201 is displayed in the form of a grid array indicating the strength of the signal.
  • a grid array indicating the strength of the signal.
  • the sensitivity is high, a plurality of grid bars are displayed, and the height of the grid strip is higher and higher; conversely, when the sensitivity is low , a small number of bars are displayed, and the height of the bars is short.
  • other images such as asterisks (*), lines, etc., can be used to display the sensitivity.
  • the sensitivity can also be displayed using numbers. Accordingly, the illustrated representations are merely exemplary and not limiting.
  • the sensitivity of the auto-dimming welding filter can be directly observed in the form of an image displayed on the LCD display, and the sensitivity signal is not required to be read by the silk screen and the knob, thereby greatly improving the auto-dimming welding filter.
  • the sensitivity of the mirror adjusts the efficiency, and avoids the misunderstanding and causes the trouble of finding the error after starting work.
  • the battery level 202 is displayed as the battery displays the detected battery level in the form of an image and/or a bar.
  • the battery level display mark 202 is displayed as a pattern of the virtual battery, and there is a grid indicating the amount of battery power, and the amount of the remaining battery cells is filled with the grid bars to display the remaining battery power.
  • the battery level 202 can also be displayed in other ways, such as numbers or other images that visually identify the battery level. With this arrangement, the amount of electricity is displayed in the form of images and characters, so that the welding engineer can always know the battery power and replace the battery or recharge when necessary, improving the work efficiency.
  • the shading number 203 is displayed in digital form to indicate the size of the shading number. As shown in Figure 2, the number "13" indicates that the current shading number is 13. Further, it will be readily understood that the shading number can also be displayed on the LCD display in the form of other images or indicia that visually reflect the size of the shading number. With this arrangement, it is possible to quickly recognize the size of the current shading number, thereby judging whether or not the value is reasonable, thereby making adjustment.
  • the delay state 204 shows the delay in the form of the characters "s low” and "fas t" Status. It is easy to understand that other characters such as “fast” and “slow”, “S” and “F”, “K” and “M” can be used for display, for example, color flags can also be used, such as " Red ("fast” and “green” (representing slow) show the delay state. This arrangement greatly improves the efficiency of acquiring the delay state and improves the working efficiency.
  • FIG. 2 is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and only shows parameters such as sensitivity 201, battery power 202, shading number 203, delay state 204, etc., and it is obvious that other displays can be displayed on the LCD display. Numbers, such as current time.
  • the automatic dimming welding filter with automatic shading number of the invention adopts a yellow-green photosensitive tube with the highest spectral sensitivity at 555 nm, in order to ensure that the EU BS EN 379: 2003 4. 4 Spectra l sens it ivi ty of weld ing is satisfied. Filters wi th automat ic sca le number set t ing (and the spectral sensitivity of the welding filter set by the automatic shading number), but also for the full protection of the human eye, because the human eye can compare the spectrum The wavelength and the amount of energy, but the light of various wavelengths causes the human eye to feel and the sensitivity is different. Under the same radiant power conditions, the brightest light perceived by the human eye is yellow-green light.
  • V ( ⁇ ) at each wavelength is A number less than one.
  • the relative visual acuity curve shown in Fig. 11 can be obtained by experimental statistics on a large number of normal visual acuity. It can be seen that under the same radiation power, the human eye feels that the yellow-green light of 555 nm is the brightest, the wavelength gradually decreases from 555 nm to the left and to the right, and the brightness feeling gradually decreases.
  • the spectrum of the electric arc is full spectrum, including infrared, visible light, and ultraviolet light, and is distributed in the visible light. Infrared and ultraviolet light are filtered by the filters contained in the liquid crystal lens group without causing damage to the human eye. Therefore, by judging the light intensity of the most sensitive yellow-green light perceived by the human eye in the visible light portion, the natural light range can be measured more effectively and reliably. Light intensity, and more effective protection of the eyes.
  • the yellow-green light (555nm) photosensitive tube converts the light intensity signal of the yellow-green portion of the electric welding arc into an electrical signal, and is linearly related to the light intensity, and the relatively weak electrical signal is amplified by the operational amplifier circuit to make it
  • the operational amplifier circuit to make it
  • the MCU will refer to the experimental data according to the magnitude of the voltage value to obtain the corresponding light intensity signal, and refer to the formula:
  • Ev is the light intensity, the unit lux; ⁇ ( ⁇ ) indicates the corresponding shading number under the light intensity (selected from: European standard BS EN 379: 2003).
  • the relationship between the dark state shading number and the ambient illuminance is obtained in the following table.
  • the shading value to be set, the circuit will output the voltage value that satisfies this value.
  • the MCU will make a modification of the output voltage value to meet the shading number of the new situation. Or the glare is not detected and the signal is not output, and the liquid crystal lens group is brightened.
  • the commonly used dimming filter needs to refer to the welding arc goggles and mask GB 3609. 1-83 in Table 3 manual arc welding filter before soldering by the type of welding itself and the current used.
  • the use of the light sheet is used to manually set the value of the shading number, but when the worker changes the type or current of the welding, the helmet needs to be removed to set the shading number, which is very inconvenient and invisibly adds a large amount of Working hours, especially if some welders forget to modify the previous settings to perform new welding, this will increase the damage to the welder's eyes and the user's eyes are not fully protected.

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Description

自动设置遮光号的自动变光焊接滤光镜 技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据焊接弧光实际光强自动设置遮光号的变光焊接 滤光镜。 背景技术
现有变光焊接滤光镜在使用前， 需要操作者根据将要进行的焊接类 型及准备使用电流的大小参照《焊接护目镜和面罩 GB 3609. 1-83》 中表 3 来手动设置滤光镜变光后的遮光号值， 每当操作者重新选择焊接类型或 是改变所使用电流时， 都需要将头盔取下并再次设置滤光镜变光后的遮 光号值， 这不仅给操作者的工作带来不便， 无形中增加了大量的工时， 特别是有的操作者忘记重新修改设置就进行新的焊接操作， 而使眼睛受 到伤害。 发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题， 本发明的目的在于提供一种能够根据焊 接弧光光强自动设置滤光镜变光后的遮光号的自动变光焊接滤光镜。
为实现上述目的， 本发明的自动设置遮光号的自动变光焊接滤光镜， 包括液晶镜片组、 光敏管、 触发电路和单片机， 所述光敏管包括两组， 一组为红外光敏管， 另一组为绿光光敏管， 其中红外光敏管用于检测焊 接弧光并通过所述触发电路控制所述单片机工作， 绿光光敏管用于检测 焊接弧光中的绿光信号， 并将所检测信号传输给与其匹配的光强处理电 路， 由光强处理电路处理成光强信号后传输给单片机， 单片机根据绿光 光强值自动控制所述液晶镜片组变光。
进一步， 所述液晶镜片组变光后的遮光号与焊接弧光中绿光成分的 光强值相对应。
进一步， 该自动变光焊接滤光镜还包括遮光号调节装置， 该遮光号 调节装置用于对遮光号进行细 调整。
进一步， 该自动变光焊接滤光镜还设置有 LCD显示屏， 用于显示滤 光镜的工作参数。
进一步， 所述工作参数包括遮光号偏移量、 灵敏度和延时状态中的 一个或多个。
进一步， 该自动变光焊接滤光镜还设置有供其工作的电池及与所述 单片机相连的电池电量检测电路。
进一步， 该自动变光焊接滤光镜还设置有与所述单片机相连的用于 发出报警信号的蜂鸣器。
进一步， 所述红外光敏管和绿光光敏管每组包括两只。
进一步， 所述电池包括为整个变光焊接滤光镜供电的锂电池和为锂 电池充电的硅光电池， 其中锂电池连接有电源稳压芯片， 并经电源稳压 芯片为整个变光焊接滤光镜供电， 当环境光 >1 0勒克斯时，硅光电池输出 电流给锂电池充电， 当环境光 <1 0勒克斯时， 电源稳压芯片关闭并使整个 变光焊接滤光镜处理关闭状态。
进一步， 所述 LCD显示屏还显示检测到的所述电池电量。
进一步， 所述 LCD显示屏以图像和 /或栅条的形式显示检测到的所述 电池电量。
进一步， 所述 LCD显示屏以数字形式显示所述遮光号。
进一步， 在所述工作参数变化时， 所述蜂鸣器发出声音。
进一步， 在所述电池电量小于设定阀值时， 所述蜂鸣器发出声音。 与现有技术相比， 本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明的自动设置遮光号的自动变光焊接滤光镜增加了绿光光敏管 和光强处理电路， 可以通过检测焊接弧光中绿光的光强值来通过单片机 中的软件来推算出需要设置的遮光号， 并通过程序来自动设置遮光号， 调整输出电压的幅度。 这将非常有效的减少焊接使用者的不方便性， 真 正做到一种 "傻瓜" 型的全自动产品， 从而使得操作者在焊接前不必按 照手册上的数值进行参数设置， 减少了使用准备时间和培训时间， 降低 了使用者的技术门槛， 也可以更加充分的保护使用者， 避免忘记设置或 是设置错误所造成的眼睛伤害。
同样， 本发明也采用了 LCD显示屏显示遮光号、 灵敏度和延时的各 项性能以及电池电量， 可以更直观的实时了解自动变光焊接滤光镜的状 况。 采用了蜂鸣器的声音提示作用， 可以更及时的提醒操作者性能设定 的更改以及电池电量不足， 提高了使用的安全性能。 采用了单片机应用 程序来控制整个电路， 可以使长时间触发的电路也能维持在一个稳定值。 本发明可以在 - 10 °C到 + 60 °C的宽广温度范围内， 更快地使液晶镜片组 由亮态变为暗态， 可以更实用地、 稳定地、 精确地、 有效地保护好焊接 工人的眼睛， 避免受到有害光辐射的损害。 并且由于使用单片机为电路 控制系统的核心， 单片机内的充足空间可以为附加在镜片组或者使用该 镜片组的焊接护目镜上的其它功能预留出一定的程序空间和外部接口， 极大地增强了本发明的可扩展性。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的电路原理方框图；
图 2为本发明实施例的单片机和 LCD显示屏各端口部分电连接图； 图 3为本发明实施例的单片机和蜂鸣器的电连接图；
图 4为本发明实施例的供电电源电路原理图；
图 5为本发明实施例的光强处理电路原理图；
图 6为本发明实施例的触发电路原理图；
图 7为本发明实施例的升压电路原理图；
图 8为本发明实施例的单片机各端口部分电连接电路图；
图 9为本发明实施例的正面示意图；
图 10为本发明实施例的反面示意图；
图 11为相对视敏函数曲线。
图 1-10中各部件标记如下：
1.单片机； 2. LCD显示屏； 3.延时开关调节按钮； 4.遮光号偏移量调 节按钮； 5.灵敏度调节按钮； 6.电池电量显示； 7.绿光光敏管； 8.红外 光敏管； 9.光强处理电路； 10.触发电路； 11.热敏电阻； 12.信号输出电 路； 1 3.温度补偿电路； 14.升压电路； 15.液晶镜片组； 16.硅光电池； 17.锂电池； 18.电源稳压芯片； 19.蜂鸣器。 具体实施举例
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述： 如图 1的电路原理图所示， 单片机 1与灵敏度调节按钮 5 , 遮光号偏 移量调节按钮 4 , 延时开关调节按钮 3 , 触发电路 10 , 热敏电阻 11 , 信 号输出电路 12 , 温度补偿电路 1 3 , 升压电路 14和电源稳压芯片 18电连 接； 红外光敏管 8和触发电路 10电连接； 绿光光敏管 7和光强处理电路 9电连接， 液晶镜片组 15同时和信号输出电路 12 , 温度补偿电路 1 3和 升压电路 14电连接； 锂电池 17和电源稳压芯片 18电连接，硅光电池 16 和锂电池 17电连接。
电路在接收到由红外光敏管 8探测到的光强信号（一般大于 10勒克 斯）后被触发启动， 单片机 1系统处于待机状态。
电路在接受到绿光光敏管 7探测到的光强信号，并由光强处理电路 9 处理后输入到单片机 1 系统中， 单片机 1将根据程序算出满足此光强信 号， 并满足《焊接护目镜和面罩 GB 3609. 1-83» 中表 3手工电弧焊滤光 片的参数的数值， 并将其设置为输出信号的基准值。 红外光敏管 8 和绿 光光敏管 7每组两只， 红外光敏管 8和绿光光敏管 7的数量不仅限于每 组两只， 可以根据需要自行调整。 其中触发电路 1 0和光强处理电路 9的 原理图如图 6和 5示出。
如图 8所示的单片机各端口部分电连接电路图， 单片机 1向外输出 三个控制信号：
第一个是对信号输出电路 12的驱动， 由单片机 1控制信号输出电路 12来调整向液晶镜片组 15施加脉沖输出电压的电压值，使其达到和由光 强处理电路 9 处理后得到的相应遮光号的电压值， 这个电压值是使液晶 镜片组变暗的基础电压值。
第二个是对温度补偿电路 1 3的驱动， 由单片机 1控制温度补偿电路 1 3向液晶镜片组 15输出温度补偿电压。 由热敏电阻 11探测到温度并将 数据传送给单片机 1 ,单片机 1根据事先被输入的温度补偿表程序中该温 度所对应的补偿电压， 控制温度补偿电路 1 3对脉沖输出电压做出相应的 第三个是对升压电路 14的驱动， 由单片机 1控制升压电路 14向液 晶镜片组 15输出 24V的高电平电压， 用以把系统电压（5V )加到一个相 当高的电平 （24V ), 来加快液晶镜片组 15的转变速度。 如图 7所示， 升 压电路 14由二极管 6倍压整流电路组成。 由分压电阻和 M0S管电路构成 的控制部分通过控制单片机输出的高电平充电脉沖把 5V系统电压调整到 需要的高电平 （24V )。
液晶镜片组 15接收到由单片机 1所驱动的根据温度调整后的脉沖输 出电压和升压电路 14的高电平电压后， 液晶光阀进行翻转， 液晶镜片组 15按照不同遮光号的值， 参考公式：
N (Ev) =2. 93+2. 25 1og (Ev/ l x) 其中： Ev表示光强， 单位勒克斯； N (Ev)表示该光强下对应的遮光号 (选自： 欧标 BS EN 379: 2003 )
来决定变暗的程度， 开始发挥保护眼睛的作用。 整个变暗过程的时间为 0. 3毫秒左右。
如图 9和 10所示， 本发明的滤光镜包括外壳、 液晶镜片组 15、 延时 开关调节按钮 3、 遮光号偏移量调节按钮 4、 灵敏度调节按钮 5 ;
当按动延时开关调节按钮 3时， LCD显示屏 2上表示延时状态的标 志处于激活状态， 指示出当前的延时状态， 想要改变状态时， 可以重复 按下按键， LCD显示屏 2上以循环的方式显示出延时状态， 只要切换至 期望的延时状态， 停止按动按键即可。 延时开关调节按钮 3也可以采用 旋钮方式。
另外， 灵敏度调节按钮 5 , 其工作方式与延时调节按钮 3类似， 按动 灵敏度调节按钮 5 , 灵敏度逐渐增大， 增至最大值之后， 变为最小值， 然 后再继续增大， 如此循环。 显而易见的是， 与此相反， 灵敏度也可以设 置为逐渐减小地工作， 也可以起到同样的功能。 尽管灵敏度调节按钮 5 显示为按键， 显而易见的是， 这仅仅是示例性的， 可以用其他形式实现， 例如利用旋钮。
另外， 遮光号偏移量调节按钮 4 用来在正负一个遮光号内通过手动 设置以满足不同类型使用者的习惯偏差， 此偏移量并不影响 《焊接护目 镜和面罩 GB 3609. 1-83» 中表 3手工电弧焊滤光片的数值， 只是在允许 的范围内可以进行细微的调节。
图 3示出了本发明滤光镜中与单片机连接的蜂鸣器电路示意图。 当在具有 LCD显示屏的自动变光焊接滤光镜的工作参数变化时， 所 述蜂鸣器发出声音， 用于提醒操作者工作参数的状态变化， 使得用户及 时获悉滤光镜的工作参数。 优选地， 当不同的工作参数状态变化时发出 不同的声音。 这样布置的优点在于， 利用声音来提醒用户焊接工作参数 的变化， 使得用户及时获悉滤光镜的工作状态， 以便更好地方便使用。 例如， 优选地， 当具有 LCD显示屏的自动变光焊接滤光镜的电池电量小 于设定阀值时， 蜂鸣器发出声音， 提醒用户， 电池及时更换电池。
另外， 蜂鸣器发出声音的方式不局限于某种声音， 显然， 可以用各 种各样的声音信号。 只要能够使得用户听到的各种声音， 都可以用作蜂 鸣器发出的声音。 例如， 可以考虑对于工作人员的舒适、 情感等角度的 考虑， 设置一些悦耳的音乐声作为蜂鸣器发出的声音。
整个电路的电源由锂电池 17提供， 硅光电池 16可以有效地延长锂 电池 17的使用寿命。 如图 10所示， 硅光电池 16设置在滤光镜的背部， 在焊接护目镜工作的过程中， 当外界环境光的光强大时， 硅光电池 16通 过吸收外界光强成为重要的供电源， 为锂电池充电， 延长了锂电池的使 用时间。 如图 4 示出了供电电源电路原理图， 当外界环境光的光强小于 10勒克斯时，系统电源自动关闭， 减少了锂电池的电量损耗。
图 2示出了示例性实施例的 LCD显示屏显示的示意图， 在 LCD显示 屏 2上显示有灵敏度 201 , 电池电量 202 , 遮光号 203 , 延时状态 204。
具体而言， 灵敏度 201 是以表示信号强弱的栅条阵列的形式显示， 当灵敏度高的时候， 显示多个栅条， 且栅条的高度越来越高； 相反地， 当灵敏度低的时候， 则显示少量的栅条， 且栅条的高度较矮。 容易想到 的是， 还可以利用其他图像， 例如星号 （* )、 线条等来显示灵敏度的大 小。 进一步， 灵敏度还可以利用数字来显示。 因此， 图示的显示方式仅 仅是示例性的而非限制性的。 利用这样的布置， 可以以 LCD显示屏上显 示图像的形式直接观察出自动变光焊接滤光镜的灵敏度， 不需要比照丝 印和旋钮来读取灵敏度信号， 因此大大提高了自动变光焊接滤光镜的灵 敏度调节效率， 且避免了误读而造成等到开始工作之后才发现错误的麻 烦。
另外， 电池电量 202显示为电池以图像和 /或栅条的形式显示检测到 的电池电量。 电池电量显示标记 202显示为虚拟电池的图样， 且其中有 表示电池电量的栅条， 利用栅条填充虚拟电池方框的数量的多少来显示 电池剩余电量。 进一步， 容易理解的是， 电池电量 202还可以利用其他 方式来显示， 例如数字或其他能够直观识别出电池电量的图像。 利用这 种布置， 以图像、 字符形式显示电量， 因此能使焊接工程师随时都能获 悉电池的电量， 在必要时进行更换电池或重新充电， 提高了工作效率。
另外， 遮光号 203以数字形式显示， 用于指示遮光号的大小。 如图 2 中所示， 数字 "13" 指示当前遮光号数值为 13。 进一步， 容易理解的是， 遮光号还可以以其他能够视觉反映出遮光号大小的其他图像或标记的形 式在 LCD显示屏上显示。 利用这种布置， 可以快速识别当前遮光号的大 小， 从而判断该数值是否合理， 从而进行调节。
另夕卜， 延时状态 204 以字符 "s low" 和 "fas t" 的形式示出了延时 状态。容易理解的是，可以利用其他字符例如 "快"和 "慢，，、 "S"和 "F"、 "K" 和 "M" 等字符来显示， 例如也可以利用颜色标志来显示， 如 "红" (表示快）和 "绿" （表示慢）等方式来显示出延时状态。 这样的布置， 极大的提高了获取延时状态的效率， 提高了工作效率。
容易理解的是， 图 2仅仅是本发明的一个示例性实施例， 仅仅示意 显示出了灵敏度 201、 电池电量 202、 遮光号 203、 延时状态 204等参数， 显然 LCD显示屏上还可以显示其他数字， 例如当前时间等。
本发明的自动设置遮光号的自动变光焊接滤光镜采用最高光谱灵敏 度在 555nm处的黄绿光光敏管， 这是为了确保满足欧盟 BS EN 379: 2003 4. 4 Spectra l sens i t ivi ty of weld ing f i l ters wi th automat ic sca l e number set t ing (自动遮光号设定的电焊滤光片的光谱灵敏度） 中的要 求， 而且也是出于对人眼的充分保护， 这是因为人眼能比较光谱波长及 能量大小， 但各种波长的光引起人眼感觉、 灵敏度不同。 在相同的辐射 功率条件下， 人眼感到最亮的光是黄绿光。
为了确定人眼对不同波长的光的敏感程度， 可以在得到相同亮度感 觉的条件下测量各个波长的光的辐射功率 Pr ( λ )0显然， Pr ( λ )越大， 人眼对该波长的光越不敏感； 而 Pr ( λ )越小， 人眼对它越敏感。 因此， Pr ( λ ) 的倒数可用来衡量人眼视觉上对各波长为 λ的光的敏感程度。 我们把 1/ Pr ( λ )就称为视敏函数（或称视敏度， 视见度）， 用 Κ ( λ ) 表示： Κ ( λ ) =1/ Pr ( λ ) 如上所述， 在明亮环境下， 人眼对波长为 555nm的黄绿光最为敏感， 这里可用 K ( 555 ) =Kmax来表示。 于是， 可以 把任意波长光的视敏函数 K ( λ )与最大视敏函数 Kmax相比， 将这一比 值称为相对视敏函数， 并用 V ( λ )表示。 即： V ( λ ) = Κ ( λ ) /Kmax= K ( λ ) /K ( 555 ) =Pr ( 555 ) / Pr ( λ ) 显然， 除 555nm之外， 各波长 上的 V ( λ )都是小于 1的数。 通过对大量视力正常者的实验统计， 可得 到图 11所示的相对视敏函数曲线。 可见， 在辐射功率相同的条件下， 人 眼感觉 555nm的黄绿光最亮， 波长自 555nm起向左和向右逐渐减小， 亮 度感觉逐渐下降。
而电焊弧光的光谱为全光谱， 包含了红外线， 可见光线、 紫外线三 个部分， 且在可见光部分均勾分布。 红外线和紫外线被液晶镜片组中包 含有的滤光片滤除不会对人眼造成伤害。 从而通过判断可见光部分中人 眼感知最敏感的黄绿光光强可以更加有效和可靠的衡量出自然光范围的 光强强度， 而更加有效的对眼睛提供保护。
黄绿光（ 555nm )光敏管将电焊接弧光中的黄绿光部分的光强信号转 换成电信号， 且和光强成线性关系， 通过运算放大电路将相对而言较弱 的电信号进行放大,使其可以满足单片机中 AD采集接口采集的幅度级别， 我们采用具有 8位 AD采集接口的单片机可以有效的通过采集真实的反应 出可见光的光强变化。
单片机将按照电压值的大小来参照实验数据得到对应的光强信号， 并参考公式：
N (Ev) =2. 93+2. 25 1og (Ev/ lx)
其中： Ev表示光强， 单位勒克斯； Ν (Εν)表示该光强下对应的遮光号 (选自： 欧标 BS EN 379: 2003 )得到下表中的暗态遮光号与环境照度的 关系得到需要设置的遮光号值， 电路将把满足此值的电压值输出。
暗态遮光号与环境照度
Figure imgf000010_0001
同样， 当黄绿光光敏管检测到黄绿光光强发生变化后， 单片机将作 出输出电压值的修改以满足新情况的遮光号。 或是检测不到强光而不输 出信号， 将液晶镜片组变亮。
优势： 目前， 一般使用的变光焊接滤光镜需要在焊接前通过自己将 要焊接的类型及所用电流的大小来参照 《焊接护目镜和面罩 GB 3609. 1-83》中表 3手工电弧焊滤光片的使用选择来手动设置需要遮光号 的值， 但当工人再改变焊接用的类型或是电流时， 就需要将头盔拿下来 设置遮光号， 这十分的不方便， 无形中增加了大量的工时， 特别是有的 焊接工忘记了修改以前的设置就进行新的焊接， 这将增加了对焊接工人 眼睛的伤害， 对使用者眼睛的也没有做到充分的保护。
需要指出的是根据本发明的具体实施方式所做出的任何变形， 均不 脱离本发明的精神以及权利要求记载的范围。

Claims

权利 要求
1. 一种自动设置遮光号的自动变光焊接滤光镜， 包括液晶镜片组、 光敏 管、 触发电路和单片机， 其特征在于， 所述光敏管包括两组， 一组为 红外光敏管， 另一组为绿光光敏管， 其中红外光敏管用于检测焊接弧 光并通过所述触发电路控制所述单片机工作， 绿光光敏管用于检测焊 接弧光中的绿光信号， 并将所检测信号传输给与其匹配的光强处理电 路， 由光强处理电路处理成光强信号后传输给单片机， 单片机根据绿 光光强值自动控制所述液晶镜片组变光。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜， 其特征在于， 所述液晶镜 片组变光后的遮光号与焊接弧光中绿光成分的光强值相对应。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜， 其特征在于， 该自动变光 焊接滤光镜还包括遮光号调节装置， 该遮光号调节装置用于对遮光号 进行细微调整。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜， 其特征在于， 该自动变光 焊接滤光镜还设置有 LCD显示屏， 用于显示滤光镜的工作参数。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜， 其特征在于， 所述工作参 数包括遮光号偏移量、 灵敏度和延时状态中的一个或多个。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜， 其特征在于， 该自动变光 焊接滤光镜还设置有供其工作的电池及与所述单片机相连的电池电 量检测电路。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜， 其特征在于， 该自动变光 焊接滤光镜还设置有与所述单片机相连的用于发出报警信号的蜂鸣 器。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜， 其特征在于， 所述红外光 敏管和绿光光敏管每组包括两只。
9. 如权利要求 6所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜， 其特征在于， 所述电池包 括为整个变光焊接滤光镜供电的锂电池和为锂电池充电的硅光电池， 其中锂电池连接有电源稳压芯片， 并经电源稳压芯片为整个变光焊接 滤光镜供电， 当环境光 > 10勒克斯时， 硅光电池输出电流给锂电池充 电， 当环境光 <10勒克斯时， 电源稳压芯片关闭并使整个变光焊接滤 光镜处于关闭状态。
PCT/CN2010/072236 2010-02-09 2010-04-27 自动设置遮光号的自动变光焊接滤光镜 WO2011097841A1 (zh)

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