WO2011093592A2

WO2011093592A2 - Beam-forming device

Info

Publication number: WO2011093592A2
Application number: PCT/KR2010/009164
Authority: WO
Inventors: 김태욱; 정예석; 강만근
Original assignee: 연세대학교 산학협력단
Priority date: 2010-01-28
Filing date: 2010-12-21
Publication date: 2011-08-04
Also published as: WO2011093592A3; KR101141153B1; WO2011093592A4; KR20110088176A

Abstract

Disclosed is a beam-forming device. The beam-forming device comprises couplers which include port converters, and outputs of the couplers are arranged on one side. Thus, since the size of the couplers is reduced, a beam-forming device optimized to high integration can be provided.

Description

Beamforming element

The present invention relates to a beamforming element.

With the advent of the information age, the form of communication is developing into a high-speed transmission wireless communication for transmitting and receiving a large amount of multimedia data including media, voice and images. In classical transmission wireless networks, the quality of service, security reliability and high rate of transmission can vary depending on the method of communication.

In accordance with the above-described change in the communication environment, a beam-forming technology is attracting attention in order to transmit and receive a large amount of data and to provide a high quality communication service. However, there is a difficulty in providing a highly integrated beamforming device due to a limitation on the size of the device used for beamforming.

Therefore, many studies are underway to implement a miniaturized beamforming element to implement a highly integrated beamforming communication module.

One technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to implement a beamforming device optimized for high integration.

Another technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to implement a beamforming device that can be produced at a low price.

In order to achieve the above technical problem, a beamforming device is provided. The beamforming element includes a coupler, a first input port and a second input port disposed on one side of the coupler, and a first output port and a second output port disposed on the other side of the coupler, wherein the coupler includes: a first coupler; A first port converter connecting a transmission line and a second transmission line, one end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line, and a second connecting the other end of the first transmission line and the other end of the second transmission line. A two-port converter, said first input port being connected to said one end of said first transmission line, said second input port being connected to one end of said second transmission line, and said first output port being connected to said first output port. A first output line is connected to the other end of the transmission line, the second output port is connected to the other end of the second transmission line, and an input signal is input to any one of the first input port and the second input port; , The first output port outputs a first output signal having a phase different from that of the input signal, and the second output port outputs a second output signal having a phase identical to that of the input signal.

One end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line may be adjacent to each other, and the other end of the first transmission line and the other end of the second transmission line may be adjacent to each other.

A phase difference between the first output signal and the second output signal may be 90 °.

The length of the first and second transmission lines may be less than 1/8 of the wavelength of the input signal.

The input signal may have a frequency between 60Ghz and 77Ghz.

The first port converter and the second port converter may be the same.

The first port converter and the second port converter may include a capacitor.

The first input port, the second input port, the first output port and the second output port may be disposed on the same plane.

The beamforming element receives an input signal and outputs a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal out of phase with the first modulated signal, and receives the first modulated signal, wherein the first output signal and the Outputs a third output signal that is out of phase with a second output signal, receives a second coupler adjacent to the first coupler and the second modulated signal, and outputs a third modulated signal that is out of phase with the second modulated signal Receiving a phase modulator and the third modulated signal, and outputting a second output signal and a fourth output signal different in phase from the second output signal, and connecting the first coupler and a third coupler connected through the phase modulator. Include.

The beamforming element may further include a fourth coupler connected to the second coupler through the phase modulator and directly connected to the third coupler.

The line for transmitting the second output signal and the line for transmitting the third output signal may cross in different planes.

A phase difference between the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal, a phase difference between the first output signal and the third output signal, and a phase difference between the second output signal and the fourth output signal may be 90 °. .

Phase difference between the second modulated signal and the third modulated signal, phase difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, phase difference between the second output signal and the third output signal, and the third output signal. And a phase difference between the fourth output signal may be 45 °.

At least one of the first, second, and third couplers may include: a first port converter and a first port connecting the first transmission line and the second transmission line, one end of the first transmission line, and one end of the second transmission line; And a second port converter connecting the other end of the first transmission line and the other end of the second transmission line, wherein the one end of the first transmission line and the one end of the second transmission line are adjacent to each other and the first transmission. The other end of the line and the other end of the second transmission line may be adjacent to each other.

The first port converter and the second port converter may resonate with the first transmission and with the second transmission.

The beamforming element may further include first, second, third and fourth antennas respectively outputting the first, second, third and fourth output signals.

The beamforming element may be implemented on a PCB substrate.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, signals may be output to one side of a coupler, so that a beamforming device optimized for high integration and low cost may be provided.

1 is a view for explaining a beamforming device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a view for explaining a beamforming device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a diagram illustrating a beamforming device according to embodiments of the present invention.

4 is a view for explaining an application example according to embodiments of the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described an embodiment of the present invention; However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be embodied in other forms. Rather, the embodiments introduced herein are provided so that the disclosed contents can be thorough and complete, and enough to convey the spirit of the present invention to those skilled in the art. In addition, since according to the embodiment, reference numerals presented in the order of description are not necessarily limited to the order. In the drawings, the thicknesses of films and regions are exaggerated for clarity. The expression 'and / or' is used herein to include at least one of the components listed before and after.

A beamforming device according to an embodiment of the present invention is described. 1 is a view for explaining a beamforming device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the coupler 100 may include a first transmission line 110 and a second transmission line 120. The first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 may have the same electrical characteristics. For example, the impedance of the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 may be Z ₀ , and the electrical length may be λ / 8. The electrical length is a value obtained by dividing a physical length by a wavelength, and λ may be a wavelength of a frequency used by the beamforming device according to the present invention.

The first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 may be disposed in parallel on the same plane. The first transmission line 110 may include one end and the other end. The second transmission line 120 may include one end and the other end. The one end of the first transmission line 110 and the one end of the second transmission line 120 may be adjacent to each other. The other end of the first transmission line 110 and the one end of the second transmission line 120 may be adjacent to each other.

The coupler 100 may include a first port converter 130 connecting the one end of the first transmission line 110 and the one end of the second transmission line 120 to each other. The first port converter 130 may resonate with the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120. The coupler 100 may include a second port converter 140 connecting the other end of the first transmission line 110 and the other end of the second transmission line 120 to each other. The second port converter 140 may resonate with the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120.

The first port converter 130 and the second port converter 140 may have the same electrical characteristics. For example, the first port converter 130 and the second port converter 140 may include a capacitor. In this case, when the impedance of the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 is Z _0, and the frequency used in an embodiment of the present invention is ω, the capacitance C _m of the capacitor is 1 / (Z ₀ ω).

The first input port 151 and the second input port 152 may be disposed on one side of the coupler 100. The first input port 151 may be connected to the one end of the first transmission line 110 of the coupler 100. The second input port 152 may be connected to the one end of the second transmission line 120 of the coupler 100. The first input port 151 and the second input port 152 may be disposed on the same plane.

The first output port 161 and the second output port 162 may be disposed on the other side of the coupler 100. The first output port 161 may be connected to the other end of the first transmission line 110 of the coupler 100. The second output port 162 may be connected to the other end of the second transmission line 120 of the coupler 100. The first output port 161 and the second output port 162 may be disposed on the same plane.

A signal may be input to any one of the first input port 151 and the second input port 152, and a signal may be input to the first output port 161 and the second output port 162. Can be output.

For example, an input signal 170 may be input to the first input port 151 of the coupler 100. In this case, the second input port 152 may be isolated. The input signal 170 may have a frequency of 60Ghz to 77Ghz. Electrical characteristics of the first transmission line 110, the second transmission line 120, the first port converter 130, and the second port converter 140, for example, the first transmission line 110. ) And the impedance Z ₀ of the second transmission line 120, the electrical length λ / 8, and the capacitance C _m of the first port converter 130 and the second port converter 140, thereby providing the input signal 170. ), The coupler 100 has a phase different from that of the first modulation signal 171 and the first modulation signal 171 at the first output port 161 and the second extraction port 162, respectively. The second modulated signal 172 may be output. For example, a phase difference between the first modulated signal 171 and the second modulated signal 172 may be 90 °. In this case, the phase of the first modulated signal 171 may be greater than 90 ° than the phase of the second modulated signal 172. The phase of the first modulated signal 171 may be 90 ° greater than the output phase of the input signal 170, and the phase of the second modulated signal 172 may be the same as the phase of the input signal 170. have.

When Z ₀ is an impedance, θ is an electrical length, and C _m of the odd mode corresponds to a capacitance component, the admittance in the even mode of the coupler 100 according to the present invention is represented by the following equation. It may be represented by Equation 1, and the admittance in the odd mode may be represented by Equation 2.

Equation 1

Equation 2

Port 1 for the first input port 151, port 2 for the second input port 152, port 3 for the first output port 161, and port 4 for the second output port 162. If it is assumed that the port, if the conversion to the scattering parameter (scaterring parameter), in the even and odd mode S11 and S21 can be represented by Equation 3 below.

Equation 3

In normal mode, the scattering coefficient of the coupler 100 of the present invention may be expressed by Equation 4 below.

Equation 4

Assuming that the coupling factor C can be negligibly small, the impedances of the even and odd modes are expressed as shown in Equation 5 below, so the impedances Z _o and Z _e of the even and odd modes are the same, and the even and odd modes are the same. The electrical lengths of θ _o , θ _e can also be assumed to be the same.

Equation 5

Therefore, in the even and odd modes, the admittance becomes the same except for the capacitance component C _m , and the scattering coefficient of S ₁₁ may be expressed by Equation 6 below.

Equation 6

When the electrical length θ is λ / 8 and the capacitance C _m is 1 / (Z ₀ ω), S ₁₁ becomes 0 in the even and odd modes, so the values of S ₁₁ and S ₃₁ also become zero. When S ₂₁ and S ₄₁ are obtained under the above conditions in which S ₁₁ and S ₃₁ become 0, they may be represented by Equations 7 and 8, respectively.

Equation 7

Equation 8

As can be seen from Equations 7 and 8, it can be seen that signals having the same phase and having a phase difference of 90 ° are output at ports 2 and 4. The second port may be the first output port 161, and the fourth port may be the second output port 162.

Unlike the drawing, the input signal 170 may be input to the second input port 152. In this case, the phase of the first modulation signal 171 output from the first output port 161 may be 90 ° smaller than the phase of the second modulation signal 172 output from the second output port 162. . When the first port converter 130 and the second port converter 140 are omitted, the port from which the output signals 161 and 162 are output may be different from that described above. For example, the first port converter 130 and the second port converter 140 may be omitted, and an input signal 170 may be input to the first input port 151 of the coupler 100. . The coupler 100 receiving the input signal 170 may output a modulated signal from the first output port 161, and the second input port 152 becomes an output port, thereby providing the second input. The modulated signal may be output from the port 152.

As described above, since the modulated signals for the input signal 100 are not output from the ports disposed on one side of the coupler 100, the port of any one of the ports for outputting the modulated signals is changed to the other one. In order to arrange the port to one side of the coupler 100, the multilayer structure must be used.

However, according to the present invention, the ports for outputting the modulated signals for the input signal by the first port converter 130 and the second port converter 140 may be aligned on one side of the coupler 100 The output ports can be arranged on the same plane. As a result, a coupler used in an element for beamforming optimized for low cost can be provided.

In addition, when the first port converter 130 and the second port converter 140 are omitted, the length of the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 is determined by the coupler 100. It may be a quarter of the wavelength of the frequency of the signal used. However, according to the present invention, the length of the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120 by the capacitance of the first port converter 130 and the second port converter 140, the coupler It may be less than one eighth of the wavelength of the frequency of the signal used in (100). This can provide a coupler for use in the beamforming element optimized for high integration.

A beamforming device according to another embodiment of the present invention is described. 2 is a view for explaining a beamforming device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

2, an input signal 280 may be input to the first coupler 210. The first coupler 210 may be the coupler described with reference to FIG. 1. The first coupler 210 may include a first transmission line 211, a second transmission line 212, a first port converter 215, and a second port converter 216. The first input port 261 may be connected to one end of the first transmission line 211. The second input port 262 may be connected to one end of the second transmission line 212. The one end of the first transmission line 211 and the one end of the second transmission line 212 may be adjacent to each other.

The input signal 280 may be input to the first coupler 210 through one of the first and

second input ports

261 and 262. For example, the input signal 280 is connected to the first coupler 210 through a first input port 261 connected to one end of the first transmission line 211 of the first coupler 210. Can be entered. The first coupler 210 may receive the input signal 280 and output a first modulated signal 281 and a second modulated signal 282. The first modulated signal 281 may be output at the other end of the first transmission line 211. The second modulated signal 282 may be output at the other end of the second transmission line 212. The other end of the first transmission line 211 may be adjacent to the other end of the second transmission line 212. The phases of the first modulated signal 281 and the second modulated signal 282 may be different. The phase difference between the first modulated signal 281 and the second modulated signal 282 may be 90 °. For example, the phase of the first modulated signal 281 may be greater than 90 ° than the phase of the input signal 280, and the phase of the second modulated signal 282 is the phase of the input signal 282. May be the same as

The first modulated signal 281 may be input to the second coupler 220. The second coupler 212 may be the coupler described with reference to FIG. 1. The second coupler 212 may include a first transmission line 221, a second transmission line 222, a first port converter 225, and a second port converter 226. The other end of the first transmission line 221 of the first coupler 210 and one end of the first transmission line 221 of the second coupler 220 may be connected. The other end of the first transmission line 221 of the second coupler 220 may be connected to the first output port 271. The other end of the second transmission line 222 of the second coupler 220 may be connected to the third output port 273. The other end of the first transmission line 221 of the second coupler 220 and the other end of the second transmission line 222 may be adjacent to each other.

The first modulation signal 281 is input to one end of the first transmission line 221 of the second coupler 220, and respectively at the first output port 291 and the third output port 293. The first output signal 291 and the third output signal 293 may be output. The phase of the first output signal 291 and the third output signal 293 may be different. The phase of the first output signal 291 may be 90 ° to the phase of the third output signal 293. For example, the phase of the first output signal 291 is 90 ° greater than the phase of the first modulated signal 281, and the phase of the third output signal 293 is of the first modulated signal 281. It can be the same as the phase. The phase of the first output signal 291 may be 180 ° greater than the phase above the input signal 280, and the phase of the third output signal 293 may be 90 ° greater than the phase of the input signal 280.

The other end of the second transmission line 212 of the first coupler 210 may be connected to the phase modulator 250. The second modulated signal 282 may be input to the phase modulator 250. The phase modulator 250 may output a third modulated signal 283 by modulating the phase of the second modulated signal 282. The phase of the second modulated signal 282 and the third modulated signal 283 may be different. For example, the phase of the third modulated signal 283 may be 45 ° greater than the phase of the second modulated signal 282. In this case, the phase modulator 250 may be a 45 ° phase modulator. The phase of the third modulated signal 283 may be 45 ° greater than the phase of the input signal 280.

The third modulated signal 283 may be input to the third coupler 230. The third coupler 230 may be the coupler described with reference to FIG. 1. The third coupler 230 may include a first transmission line 231, a second transmission line 232, a first port converter 235, and a second port converter 236. One end of the first transmission line 231 of the third coupler 230 may be connected to the phase modulator 250. The one end of the first transmission line 231 of the third coupler 230 may be connected to the other end of the second transmission line 212 of the first coupler 210 through the phase modulator 250. have. The other end of the first transmission line 231 of the third coupler 230 may be connected to the second output port 272. The other end of the second transmission line 232 of the third coupler 230 may be connected to the fourth output port 274. The other end of the first transmission line 231 and the other end of the second transmission line 232 may be adjacent to each other.

The third coupler 230 receives the third modulated signal 283 from the phase modulator 250, and a second output signal at the second output port 272 and the fourth output port 274, respectively. 292 and the fourth output signal 294 may be output. The phase of the second output signal 292 and the fourth output signal 294 may be different. For example, the difference between the phase of the second output signal 292 and the phase of the fourth output signal 294 may be 90 °. The phase of the second output signal 292 may be greater than 90 ° than the phase of the third modulated signal 283, and the phase of the fourth output signal 294 may be equal to the phase of the third modulated signal 283. May be the same. The phase of the second output signal 292 may be 135 ° greater than the phase of the input signal 280, and the phase of the fourth output signal 294 may be 45 ° greater than the phase of the input signal 280. have.

A line connecting the first transmission line 231 and the second output port 272 of the third coupler 230 includes the second transmission line 222 and the second transmission line of the second coupler 220. The line connecting the three output ports 273 may be crossed in another plane. The second output port 272 may be adjacent to the first output port 271, and the third output port 273 may be adjacent to the fourth output port 274. The first output port 271, the second output port 272, the third output port 273, and the fourth output port 274 may be sequentially aligned on the same plane.

The difference between output signals transmitted from output ports adjacent to each other may be 45 °. For example, a difference between the first output signal 291 and the second output signal 292, a difference between the second output signal 292 and the third output signal 293, and the third output signal The difference between the 293 and the fourth output signal 294 may be 45 °.

The beamforming device according to the present invention may further include a fourth coupler 240. The fourth coupler 240 may be the coupler described with reference to FIG. 1. The fourth coupler 240 may include a first transmission line 241, a second transmission line 242, a first port converter 245, and a second port converter 246. One end of the first transmission line 241 of the fourth coupler 240 may be connected to a third input port 263. One end of the second transmission line 242 of the fourth coupler 240 may be connected to the fourth input port 264. The one end of the first transmission line 241 may be adjacent to the one end of the second transmission line 242.

The other end of the first transmission line 241 may be connected to the phase modulator 250. The other end of the first transmission line 241 may be connected to the one end of the second transmission line 222 of the second coupler 220 through the phase modulator 250. The other end of the second transmission line 242 of the fourth coupler 240 may be connected to the one end of the second transmission line 232 of the third coupler 230. The other end of the first transmission line 241 of the fourth coupler 240 and the other end of the second transmission line 242 may be adjacent to each other.

The first output port 271, the second output port 272, the third output port 273, and the fourth output port 274 are a first antenna ANT1 and a second antenna ANT2, respectively. It may be connected to the third antenna ANT3 and the fourth antenna ANT4. The first to fourth antennas ANT1 to ANT4 may beam-form by outputting first to fourth output signals 291 to 294 respectively output from the first to fourth output ports 271 to 274. have.

Unlike the above description, an input signal may be input to any one of the second input port 262, the third input port 263, and the fourth input port 264.

A beamforming device according to embodiments of the present invention is implemented.

3 is a diagram illustrating a beamforming device implemented on a PCB substrate according to embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, a beamforming device having a use frequency of 1 Ghz was implemented on a PCB substrate. While the size of the beamforming device using the conventional 1 Ghz frequency is 22.56 cm ² , the beam forming device according to the present invention can be reduced to 7 cm ² except for the input ports and the output port. As a result, the size can be reduced by about 10 times compared with the conventional beamforming element, so that a highly integrated beamforming element can be provided. When using a high frequency of 60Ghz ~ 70Ghz, the size of the beamforming device according to the present invention can be further reduced.

Referring to FIG. 4, referring to FIG. 4, the present invention relates to a mobile phone 1100, an MP3 player 1200, a camera 1300, a DVD 1400, a TV 1500, a PC 1600, a speaker 1700, and the like. A communication module according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be included. Since the electronic devices listed above include a communication module according to embodiments of the present invention, a wireless network may be established between each electronic device. For example, the mobile phone 1100 and the TV 1500 include a communication module according to embodiments of the present invention, such that a large data file, for example, between the mobile phone 1100 and the TV 1500. The video file can be exchanged wirelessly. In another example, image files may be exchanged between the camera 1300 and the PC 1600, and a sound file may be exchanged between the speaker 1700 and the MP3 player 1200, so that the MP3 may be exchanged. Sound inherent in the player 1200 may be output through the speaker 1700.

In particular, the communication module according to the embodiments of the present invention may be optimized for high integration and high efficiency, and may be actively used in portable electronic devices such as the mobile phone 1100 and the MP3 player 1200.

Claims

Coupler;

A first input port and a second input port disposed at one side of the coupler; And

It includes a first output port and the second output port disposed on the other side of the coupler,

The coupler is,

A first transmission line and a second transmission line;

A first port converter connecting one end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line and resonating with the first transmission line and the second transmission line; And

A second port converter connecting the other end of the first transmission line and the other end of the second transmission line and resonating with the first transmission line and the second transmission line,

The first input port is connected to the one end of the first transmission line, and the second input port is connected to one end of the second transmission line,

The first output port is connected to the other end of the first transmission line, and the second output port is connected to the other end of the second transmission line,

An input signal is input to any one of the first input port and the second input port, the first output port outputs a first output signal having a phase different from that of the input signal, and the second output port. An output port for outputting a second output signal having a phase equal to that of the input signal.
According to claim 1,

One end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line are adjacent to each other, and the other end of the first transmission line and the other end of the second transmission line are adjacent to each other.
According to claim 1,

And a phase difference between the first output signal and the second output signal is 90 degrees.
According to claim 1,

And a length of the first and second transmission lines is less than one quarter of the wavelength of the input signal.
According to claim 1,

The input signal is a beamforming device having a frequency between 60Ghz and 77Ghz.
According to claim 1,

And the first port converter and the second port converter are the same.
According to claim 1,

And the first port converter and the second port converter comprise a capacitor.
According to claim 1,

And the first input port, the second input port, the first output port and the second output port are disposed on the same plane.
A first coupler configured to receive an input signal and output a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal out of phase with the first modulated signal;

A second coupler configured to receive the first modulated signal, output a first output signal and a third output signal that is out of phase with the first output signal, and adjacent to the first coupler;

A phase modulator configured to receive the second modulated signal and output a third modulated signal that is out of phase with the second modulated signal; And

A beamforming comprising a third coupler receiving the third modulated signal, outputting a second output signal and a fourth output signal that is out of phase with the second output signal, and connected through the first coupler and the phase modulator device.
The method of claim 9,

And a fourth coupler connected to the second coupler through the phase modulator and directly connected to the third coupler.
The method of claim 9,

And a line for transmitting the second output signal and a line for transmitting the third output signal intersect at different planes.
The method of claim 9,

A phase difference between the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal, a phase difference between the first output signal and the third output signal, and a phase difference between the second output signal and the fourth output signal is 90 ° Forming element.
The method of claim 9,

A phase difference between the second modulated signal and the third modulated signal, a phase difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, a phase difference between the second output signal and the third output signal, and the third output And a phase difference between the signal and the fourth output signal is 45 [deg.].
The method of claim 9,

At least one of the first, second and third couplers,

A first transmission line and a second transmission line;

A first port converter connecting one end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line; And

Including a second port converter for connecting the other end of the first transmission line and the other end of the second transmission line,

The one end of the first transmission line and the one end of the second transmission line are adjacent to each other, and the other end of the first transmission line and the other end of the second transmission line are adjacent to each other.
The method of claim 14,

And the first port converter and the second port converter resonate with the first transmission line and the second transmission line.
The method of claim 15,

And first, second, third and fourth antennas for outputting and beamforming the first, second, third and fourth output signals, respectively.
The method of claim 9,

The beamforming device is a beamforming device implemented on a PCB substrate.