WO2011085961A2 - Procédé et dispositif de synchronisation d'un générateur dans un réseau - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de synchronisation d'un générateur dans un réseau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011085961A2
WO2011085961A2 PCT/EP2011/000083 EP2011000083W WO2011085961A2 WO 2011085961 A2 WO2011085961 A2 WO 2011085961A2 EP 2011000083 W EP2011000083 W EP 2011000083W WO 2011085961 A2 WO2011085961 A2 WO 2011085961A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inverter
current
converter
generator
frequency
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/000083
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011085961A3 (fr
Inventor
Frank Richert
Original Assignee
Skywind Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Skywind Gmbh filed Critical Skywind Gmbh
Publication of WO2011085961A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011085961A2/fr
Publication of WO2011085961A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011085961A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for smoothly synchronizing a generator in a network, and more particularly to smoothly synchronizing an asynchronous generator to an inverter-connected wind farm network.
  • a wind energy plant generally comprises a tower, at the upper end of which a rotor with preferably three rotor blades is arranged to rotate freely and is set into rotary motion by the wind flow.
  • a generator With the rotor, a generator is connected directly or via a correspondingly dimensioned gear, which converts the energy contained in the wind via the rotation of the rotor and thus the drive of the generator into electrical energy. This can be supplied directly to a consumer.
  • several wind energy used jointly in a so-called wind farm wherein the total energy provided results from the sum of the energy provided by the individual wind turbines.
  • the single wind turbine may be connected to the load or the grid directly or through a corresponding electronically controlled inverter, depending on the size of the power (or power) provided, the design of the generator and the conditions of the load or a connected network.
  • FIG. 4 shows, in simplified and schematic representation, an overall arrangement of several wind turbines, which are connected together to a grid N.
  • each of the wind turbines has an individual converter.
  • a first wind turbine W1 comprises a first rotor R1 which is connected to a first generator G1.
  • the first generator G1 is driven by means of the first rotor R1.
  • the first generator G1 is in turn electrically connected to a first inverter U1.
  • the electrical energy provided by the first generator G1 is converted into electrical quantities by means of the first converter U1 in such a way that it can be fed into the network N.
  • This relates to the provision of energy in the form of electrical variables according to a rated voltage of the network, a frequency of the network and a phase position.
  • a second wind turbine with a rotor R is connected via a second generator G2 and a second inverter U2 to the network N.
  • a large number of wind turbines are provided, with an nth wind turbine shown in FIG. 4 for the sake of simplicity, in which the rotor R drives the nth generator Gn and is connected to the grid N via the nth inverter Un. Since currently the wind turbines are generally operated with individual inverters, by an appropriate control of each inverter U1, U2, .... Un a precise synchronization in terms of voltage, frequency and phase angle to the connected network N possible.
  • the generators used may be synchronous generators or preferably asynchronous generators.
  • one or more wind turbines are connected via a respective individual inverter to the network of an energy supplier.
  • the power utility's network generally includes a substantially fixed voltage (rated voltage) and a fixed frequency.
  • the arranged on the side of the wind turbines or a wind farm individual inverter U1 to Un are used to set a variable and the current operating conditions of the wind turbine, such as the wind speed, adapted optimum frequency / speed during operation of the wind turbine.
  • asynchronous generators driven by the rotors are provided for energy conversion to provide the electrical energy
  • the reactive power required for operating the asynchronous generators may be from the inverter or from additional reactive power sources, such as capacitors, which may be provided in a plurality as a capacitor bank , provided.
  • Asynchronous generators are switched directly to the network N waiving a converter, in general, no problems occur because a smooth synchronization is possible and a surge occurs within the network, which does not have to be provided via a converter as a result of the selected arrangement.
  • a wind turbine equipped with an asynchronous generator is to commence operation starting from an idle state and be connected to a network, such as a public power supply network of an energy supplier, then the associated generator is brought into proximity by means of the rotor (rotor blades) of the wind turbine (wind turbine) the current speed according to the prevailing operating conditions of the generator and the network. After that, the generator, which is not directly connected to the grid via the converter, can be connected to the grid.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object, a method and apparatus for gently synchronizing a generator to a connected via a converter network in such a way that ensures a smooth synchronization of the generator and overloading of the inverter is effectively avoided. According to the invention, this object is achieved in conjunction with a method according to the features of patent claim 1, and by a device for carrying out the method according to the features of patent claim 6.
  • the method according to the invention for synchronizing a generator to a network connected via an inverter by means of a control device connected to the generator and the converter comprises the following steps: determining a default frequency and outputting the default frequency to the converter for controlling a phase position of the voltage generated by the converter, Detecting an actual current of the inverter at the time of turning on the other generator, and comparing the actual current of the inverter with a maximum current of the inverter and outputting a frequency component with which the previously determined default frequency is changed to influence the default frequency in response to the comparison result.
  • the device according to the invention for synchronizing a generator to a network connected via a converter by means of a control device connected to the generator and the converter comprises a determination device for determining a default frequency and outputting the default frequency to the converter for controlling a phase position of the voltage generated by the converter Detecting means for detecting an actual current of the inverter at the time of turning on the generator, and a comparison unit for comparing the actual current of the inverter with a maximum current of the inverter and outputting a frequency component with which the previously determined default frequency is changed to influence the default frequency depending on the comparison result.
  • the central converter for a wind turbine or for several wind turbines of a wind farm is thus controlled or regulated in such a way that the frequency of the three-phase AC voltage generated by the inverter is influenced by the inverter current such that the total amount of current is kept below a predetermined limit.
  • the detected current of the inverter at the time of connecting the wind turbine to the corresponding number of revolutions including the generator is evaluated depending on the operating condition. According to this evaluation, it is determined whether a given amount of current having a maximum value still permissible for the inverter is exceeded. If the maximum current amount of the converter is exceeded, then the frequency of the three-phase alternating voltage generated by the converter changes as a function of the detected actual converter current.
  • the frequency is changed in such a way that the amount of current remains below the permissible limit value for the inverter or exceeds it only for a short time.
  • the detected actual current is brought very quickly to a permissible current value for the converter in accordance with the dimensioning and the operating conditions of the converter. It is therefore achieved according to the present invention in the inevitable surge, that is limited with the current-dependent variable frequency of the inverter as a default, the surge in the short period of time after the connection of the generator.
  • the limiting effect of the actual surge occurs at the moment of turning on the generator both at an overspeed and at an underspeed of the generator compared to the general frequency of the wind farm (wind farm frequency) before the connection.
  • the further advantage is achieved that, by means of the device and the method, the energy for the synchronization of the switched-on generator at least partially from the already on the grid generators in the case of operation another generator can be fed.
  • Further embodiments of the present invention are specified in the subclaims.
  • the frequency component may also be determined in proportional dependence on the result of the comparison step such that the actual current is less than or equal to the maximum current. This represents an effective and stable regulation.
  • the step of detecting a reactive current of the inverter and decreasing a voltage generated by the inverter depending on the detected reactive current may be provided, resulting in improved control and protection of the inverter.
  • the default frequency can be changed depending on the detected actual current by adding the frequency component to the previously determined default frequency.
  • the control device can be designed in such a way that the frequency component is determined in a proportional manner to the result obtained by means of the comparison unit, so that the actual current is less than or equal to the maximum current.
  • the frequency component can be determined in proportional dependence on the result obtained by the comparison unit, so that the actual current only exceeds the permissible current value for a predetermined period of time. In this way, an effective current limitation can be achieved.
  • a reactive current of the inverter can be detected, and it can be reduced by the inverter generated voltage in response to the detected reactive current, which also supports the current limit.
  • the control device may also be designed to change the default frequency as a function of the actual current detected by the detection device by adding the frequency component to the previously determined default frequency.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement of a plurality of wind energy installations, which are connected to a grid of an energy supplier via a common converter,
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the regulation of operating variables of the converter according to FIG. 1,
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the change of a preset voltage corresponding to a detected reactive current
  • FIG 4 shows an arrangement of several wind turbines, which are each connected by means of an individual converter according to the prior art with the network of an energy supplier.
  • a plurality of wind energy installations is provided, with a first wind energy plant 1 1, a second wind energy plant 12 and a third wind energy plant 13 being shown as an example in the schematic and simplified illustration.
  • the first and second wind turbines 11 and 12 are currently in operation and are connected to respective connecting lines 21 and 22, each with a (common) busbar 20.
  • the energy supplied by the first and second wind power plants 1 1 and 12 is supplied via the common busbar 20 to a common converter 30 likewise connected to the busbar 20.
  • Inverter 30 is connected to a network 4, such as a public power or utility grid of an energy supplier.
  • the converter 30 provides an electrical energy, which is formed as a function of the operating conditions of the network, with the corresponding values according to voltage, frequency and phase position as a function of the conditions (requirements) of the network 4.
  • Each of the wind turbines 1, 12 and 13 each includes a generator, such as the generators 51, 52 and 53, which are each driven by a rotor R of the wind turbine 1 1, 12, or 13.
  • a switch S is provided for illustration in a connecting line 23, that the third wind turbine 13 with the third generator 54 is also turned on in the course of the considerations of the common busbar 20. The switch S is closed.
  • a central control device 60 is provided, which serves to carry out control and / or regulation measures in the entire wind farm WP.
  • the control device 60 is designed such that it is connected to all components of the wind farm, such as the generators 51 to 53, the inverter 30 and the common busbar 20 for detecting the respective operating states in the form of electrical or correspondingly processable values.
  • corresponding sensors are provided in the individual elements of the wind farm, with which the operating conditions such as rotational speeds of the rotors and the associated generators, temperatures, voltages, frequencies and currents detected and after supplying appropriate signals to the control device 60 to provide the control and / or regulatory measures are processed.
  • the controller 60 is also connected to the network 40 for detecting its operating conditions (voltage, frequency, phase).
  • the inverter 30 generates a three-phase AC voltage.
  • the controller 60 is shown in FIG. 2 as a separate unit. However, it can also be arranged directly on the converter 30.
  • a characteristic unit 61 is provided, wherein the characteristic (data) stored in the characteristic unit 61 indicates in each case the optimum rotational speed (in this case also corresponds to the frequency of the wind park network) of the wind energy plants as a function of the generated power. It represents such a characteristic curve of the specific characteristics of the wind turbines in relation to the optimum speed and the maximum power.
  • the wind farm network WP itself has a variable frequency.
  • the power of the converter Pum is provided as an input variable, which corresponds in good approximation to the sum of the services of all wind turbines.
  • a mean power of a wind turbine is calculated by dividing the total power Pum by the number nwea of the wind turbines connected to the grid and active.
  • the optimum setpoint frequency which is common to each wind turbine, can be determined.
  • An output of the characteristic unit 61 is a default value for the frequency (default frequency) for the wind farm (wind farm frequency) in the form of a desired frequency fsoll.
  • An integrating unit 62 is supplied with the preset frequency fsoll as the default value or the target frequency fsoll.
  • the output signal of the integrating unit 62 designates a phase position of the wind-park-side voltage generated by the converter 30 and is present in the form of the angle $ u_soll.
  • the voltage impressed by the converter 30 into the wind farm network WP is controlled with respect to its frequency and thus also the phase position in a power-dependent and current-dependent manner.
  • a comparison unit 63 is provided in a further branch of the schematic illustration in FIG a detected actual current of the inverter 30 is supplied in the form of an actual current list as input information.
  • the converter 30 has a current detection device 36, which supplies the detected actual or instantaneous current of the converter 30 to the control device 60 for further processing.
  • the comparison unit 63 is supplied with information regarding a maximum current of the inverter 30. It represents the maximum current that the inverter 30 can carry without damage or malfunction.
  • the maximum current Imax of the inverter 30 may be exceeded by a small amount for a short period of time without problems for the inverter 30. In any case, countermeasure is required upon occurrence of a current exceeding the maximum current Imax, and the actual current list exceeding this limit value must be at a value limited in height, the maximum current Imax only slightly exceeds and is therefore safe for the inverter.
  • an additional frequency control component Afsoll (referred to as additional component hereinafter) depending on this determination or the comparison result adds the frequency setpoint.
  • the additional component Afsoll is amplified after output by the comparison unit 63 by means of an amplifier 64 and brought to the addition with the output of the characteristic unit 61 fsoll.
  • the comparison result denotes a current difference between the detected actual actual current and the maximum current of the converter 30.
  • the amplifier 64 may have the proportionality factor K according to FIG.
  • the components 61 to 64 according to FIG. 2 can be assigned to the control device 60.
  • the elements of the comparison unit 63 and of the amplifier 64 also known as the current path
  • the targeted current-dependent influencing of the reference frequency and thus the phase position of the wind park-side voltage generated by the converter achieve that the current surge at the moment the connection and also after the connection of a further generator (in particular an asynchronous generator), such as for example the third generator 53 according to FIG. 1, is limited, so that only the current current list exceeds the maximum current Imax of the converter 30 at most for a very short time, and thus the Inverter 30 is held substantially in terms of its current flow in an allowable operating range.
  • a further generator in particular an asynchronous generator
  • the value of the maximum current Imax of the inverter 30 may be changed depending on other operating conditions of the inverter 30 or the entire wind farm WP. Furthermore, the value of the maximum current Imax of the converter 30 can also be used to determine or control the value to which a current limitation. There is also the possibility of a temporary change in the value of the maximum current Imax of the converter 30 as a function of further operating conditions.
  • the maximum current Imax of the converter 30 is also dimensioned such that it can meet the operating conditions of the converter 30 and can be exceeded by a predetermined amount for a predetermined short period of time.
  • an unavoidable impulse when connecting another previously operated generator 13 can be limited to the common converter 30 of a wind farm WP, so that the power surge for the inverter 30 is limited and thus harmless. Unacceptably high values of a current can be effectively avoided.
  • the energy for the synchronization of the newly connected generator 53 at least partially from the already located on the network N and thus already operated during the connection generators 51 and 52 be fed.
  • the deviation of the target frequency fsoll from the value preset in the previous operation may be controlled by the inverter 30 according to the amount of the detected current, in particular, the deviation being proportional to the amount of the inverter. terstroms can be.
  • the overshoot of the current is influenced and in particular prevented or at least reduced.
  • the current-dependent influencing of the preset frequency f * soll occurs only when in fact the actual current list exceeds the predetermined amount of the maximum current Imax.
  • the amount of voltage generated by the inverter can also be lowered in proportion to a reactive current in connection with the asynchronous generator. This also contributes to the reduction of the current surge.
  • the device comprises a reactive current detection device 56 which is arranged on the converter according to FIG. 1 and detects the reactive current lum_blind occurring in connection with the generators 51 to 53 at the common converter 30.
  • the reactive current detection device 56 is connected to the control device 60 and outputs to this a corresponding value to be processed.
  • the reactive current information for voltage control is processed.
  • the reactive current detection as well as the processing of the detected values and in particular the control of a voltage level is carried out starting from the common converter 30 with a control by the controller 60.
  • a voltage specification Uum_soll is the basis. From the detected reactive current at the inverter 30, a change component AUum_soll is determined with which the original value of the voltage values can thus be influenced as a function of the detected reactive current.
  • the changed voltage specification value is now U * um_soll.
  • the changed voltage specification value U * is supplied to a converter voltage regulator 65 which forms a new setpoint Uum_new affected by the detected reactive current over the voltage level (voltage amplitude) to be generated for the converter 30.
  • a voltage reduction occurs, ie the formed change component AUum_set determines a reduction of the voltage by the inverter voltage regulator 65 during operation of the converter 30.

Abstract

Procédé de synchronisation d'un générateur dans un réseau connecté au moyen d'un convertisseur, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de commande connecté au générateur et au convertisseur, comportant les étapes suivantes: détermination d'une fréquence prédéfinie et émission de la fréquence prédéfinie au convertisseur pour la commande d'une position de phase de la tension produite par le convertisseur; détection d'un courant réel du convertisseur à l'instant de la mise en marche de l'autre générateur; et comparaison du courant réel du convertisseur à un courant maximal du convertisseur et émission d'une composante de fréquence avec laquelle la fréquence prédéfinie au préalable est modifiée pour influencer la fréquence prédéfinie en fonction du résultat de la comparaison. L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre ce procédé.
PCT/EP2011/000083 2010-01-12 2011-01-11 Procédé et dispositif de synchronisation d'un générateur dans un réseau WO2011085961A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010000838.9 2010-01-12
DE102010000838A DE102010000838A1 (de) 2010-01-12 2010-01-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufsynchronisieren eines Generators in einem Netz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011085961A2 true WO2011085961A2 (fr) 2011-07-21
WO2011085961A3 WO2011085961A3 (fr) 2012-04-05

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WO (1) WO2011085961A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018118895A1 (de) * 2018-08-03 2020-02-06 Manfred Zwarg Vorrichtung zur Gewährleistung einer dauerhaft konstanten elektrischen Stromstärke an einem kundenseitigen Netzanschlusspunkt
DE102018216785A1 (de) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Energieversorgungssystem für eine wassergebundene Einrichtung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0570976A2 (fr) * 1992-05-22 1993-11-24 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Système d'alimentation en énergie électrique
EP1286444A2 (fr) * 2001-08-21 2003-02-26 Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET) Verein an der Gesamthochschule Kassel e.V. Dispositif pour l'entrainement en parallèle de sources de tension monophasées ou triphasées ayant le mème niveau
US20080212343A1 (en) * 2007-03-01 2008-09-04 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Inverter based storage in dynamic distribution systems including distributed energy resources

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2235367B1 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2016-03-16 2-B Energy Holding B.V. Parc d'éoliennes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0570976A2 (fr) * 1992-05-22 1993-11-24 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Système d'alimentation en énergie électrique
EP1286444A2 (fr) * 2001-08-21 2003-02-26 Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET) Verein an der Gesamthochschule Kassel e.V. Dispositif pour l'entrainement en parallèle de sources de tension monophasées ou triphasées ayant le mème niveau
US20080212343A1 (en) * 2007-03-01 2008-09-04 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Inverter based storage in dynamic distribution systems including distributed energy resources

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DE102010000838A1 (de) 2011-07-14
WO2011085961A3 (fr) 2012-04-05

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