WO2011078577A2 - Power-converting apparatus for a hybrid industrial vehicle - Google Patents

Power-converting apparatus for a hybrid industrial vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011078577A2
WO2011078577A2 PCT/KR2010/009205 KR2010009205W WO2011078577A2 WO 2011078577 A2 WO2011078577 A2 WO 2011078577A2 KR 2010009205 W KR2010009205 W KR 2010009205W WO 2011078577 A2 WO2011078577 A2 WO 2011078577A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
converter
switch
battery
ultracapacitor
power
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PCT/KR2010/009205
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
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WO2011078577A3 (en
Inventor
홍민석
김춘택
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두산인프라코어 주식회사
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Publication of WO2011078577A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011078577A2/en
Publication of WO2011078577A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011078577A3/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
    • B60L2200/42—Fork lift trucks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/20—Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/60—Electric or hybrid propulsion means for production processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle, and more particularly, to a power of a hybrid industrial vehicle capable of preventing inrush current flowing from a battery to an ultra capacitor (UC) by a potential difference when an operation of a hybrid electric forklift is started. It relates to an inverter.
  • UC ultra capacitor
  • Forklift trucks are industrial vehicles used to load cargo. It is used to lift relatively heavy loads to a desired location or to transport them to another location within a limited area. Forklifts are divided into basic forklifts and electric forklifts.
  • the basic forklift uses an engine as a power source, drives a hydraulic pump with the engine, and performs a steering operation of a steering device and a tilting / lifting operation of a work machine with a hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump.
  • the electric forklift uses a battery as a power source, the electric motor rotates by the battery, and the pump motor rotates by the rotation of the electric motor, and the hydraulic pump is driven by the rotation of the pump motor to be steered by the hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump.
  • the steering operation of the device and the tilting / lifting operation of the work machine are performed.
  • Electric forklifts are mainly used indoors because they use batteries and electric motors to reduce smoke and noise.
  • Ultracapacitors have a much higher self-discharge rate than batteries, so when starting the forklift operation in the fully discharged state of the ultracapacitor, an excessive current may flow from the battery to the ultracapacitor due to the potential difference between the battery and the ultracapacitor.
  • the excess current flowing to the ultracapacitor is called inrush current. This inrush current can damage the ultracapacitor.
  • the present invention was devised to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle capable of safely performing an initial charging operation of an ultracapacitor with a low cost and simple configuration.
  • the power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle in the power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle using a battery and an ultracapacitor as a power source, DC-DC converter for changing the voltage level of the battery, and A DC link that receives the voltage output from the DC-DC converter and the voltage of the ultracapacitor and outputs it to an interleaver, and connects the output terminal of the battery and the DC-DC converter during an initial charging operation of the hybrid industrial vehicle, And a switch unit connecting the ultra capacitor and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter.
  • the present invention can perform the initial charging operation of the ultracapacitor using the existing DC-DC converter only by adding a switch unit to the power converter, there is no need for a separate charging circuit for initial charging, Accordingly, the manufacturing cost of the power converter can be lowered, and the circuit design of the power converter is not necessary to secure a space for mounting the charging circuit in the power converter.
  • the present invention because the residual voltage of the ultra-capacitor is discharged to the battery by the operation of the switch unit during the replacement or maintenance of the ultra-capacitor, there is an effect that can prevent an electric shock accident of the operator by the residual voltage of the ultra-capacitor.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power conversion device of an electric hybrid forklift truck according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing an initial charging operation of the power converter according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing the normal operation of the power conversion apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a view showing the discharge operation of the power converter when the replacement / maintenance of the ultracapacitor.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of the power conversion apparatus according to the present invention.
  • control unit 42 switch unit
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic configuration of a power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the input terminal of the power converter 40 is connected to the battery 10 and the ultra capacitor 20, and the output terminal of the power converter 40 is connected to the inverter 30.
  • the power converter 40 receives a voltage from the battery 10 and the ultra capacitor 20, performs a predetermined process, and outputs the voltage to the inverter 30.
  • the inverter 30 converts the direct current output from the power converter 40 into alternating current and supplies it to the load.
  • the power converter 40 receives the voltage output from the DC-DC converter 43, the DC-DC converter 43, and the voltage of the ultracapacitor 20 to step down or step up the DC voltage level of the battery 10.
  • the initial charging operation is performed with the ultra capacitor 20 when the hybrid electric forklift truck starts operation.
  • the control unit 41 detects the start of operation of the forklift, the control unit 41 controls the switch unit 42 so that the voltage of the battery 10 is charged by the ultra capacitor 20 through the DC-DC converter 43. do.
  • the switch unit 42 may include a first switch MC1 installed between the battery 10 and an input terminal of the DC-DC converter 42, and a second switch installed between the ultra capacitor 20 and the output terminal of the DC-DC converter 42.
  • MC2 the third switch SR1 provided between one end of the first switch MC1 and the other end of the second switch MC2, the fourth switch provided between the other end of the first switch MC1 and one end of the second switch MC2. It consists of a switch SR2.
  • the first switch MC1 and the second switch MC2 may use a high-capacity large-capacity contactor
  • the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 may use a small capacity relay.
  • FIG 2 illustrates an initial charging operation of the power converter according to the present invention.
  • the first switch MC1 and the second switch MC2 are turned off, and the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 are turned on, so that the battery 10 and the DC-DC converter ( The output terminal of 43 is connected, and the ultra capacitor 20 and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter 43 are connected.
  • the switch unit 42 By the on / off operation of the switch unit 42 as described above, the current from the battery 10 flows into the ultra capacitor 20 through the DC-DC converter 43 as shown by the arrow shown in FIG. The initial charging operation to the ultra capacitor 20 is performed.
  • FIG 3 shows normal operation of the power conversion apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the forklift receives power from the battery 10 and the ultra capacitor 20 to start a normal operation operation.
  • the first switch MC1 and the second switch MC2 are turned on, and the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 are turned off, so that the battery 10 and the DC-DC converter ( The input terminal of 43 is connected, and the ultra capacitor 20 and the output terminal of the DC-DC converter 43 are connected.
  • the switch unit 42 By the on / off operation of the switch unit 42, the current from the battery 10 flows into the inverter 30 via the DC-DC converter 43 and the DC link 44, and the ultracapacitor 20 The current from ⁇ flows into the inverter 30 via the DC link 44.
  • the operator In order to replace or service the ultracapacitor 20, the operator must separate the ultracapacitor 20 from the forklift. When there is a residual voltage in the ultracapacitor 20 when the ultracapacitor 20 is separated, an electric shock accident may occur due to the remaining voltage.
  • the controller 41 controls the switch unit 42 to control the ultracapacitor 20.
  • the voltage is discharged to the battery 10 through the DC-DC converter 43.
  • the first switch MC1 and the second switch MC2 are turned off, and the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 are turned on, so that the battery 10 and the DC-DC converter ( The output terminal of 43 is connected, and the ultra capacitor 20 and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter 43 are connected.
  • This connection structure is the same as that of the initial charging operation. However, since there is a residual voltage in the ultracapacitor 20, as shown by the arrow shown in FIG. 4, the current from the ultracapacitor 20 flows into the battery 10 through the DC-DC converter 43. The discharging operation of the ultra capacitor 20 may be performed.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of a power conversion apparatus according to the present invention.
  • a hybrid key switch of a hybrid electric forklift is turned on (S10).
  • the hybrid operation of the forklift is started, and the controller 41 determines whether the voltage V_dc charged in the DC link 44 is greater than or equal to a predetermined reference voltage (S11).
  • the reference voltage is typically 90% of the battery voltage. If the DC link voltage is below the reference voltage, wait until the DC link voltage is above the reference voltage. If the DC link voltage does not reach the reference voltage after a certain time (eg 5 seconds), it is treated as an error occurrence.
  • the controller 41 determines whether the ultracapacitor 20 voltage is greater than or equal to the reference voltage (S12).
  • the controller 41 controls the switch 42 to turn on the first switch MC1 and the second switch MC2 (S16). Accordingly, the input terminal of the battery 10 and the DC-DC converter 43 are connected, and the output terminals of the ultra capacitor 20 and the DC-DC converter 43 are connected to perform normal operation immediately without an initial charging operation. do.
  • the controller 41 controls the switch unit 42 to turn on the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 (S13). Accordingly, the output terminal of the battery 10 and the DC-DC converter 43 are connected, and the input terminal of the ultra capacitor 20 and the DC-DC converter 43 is connected, so that the initial charging operation to the ultra capacitor 20 is performed. Is performed.
  • the controller 41 determines whether the voltage of the ultra capacitor 20 is equal to or greater than the reference voltage (S14). If the voltage of the ultra capacitor 20 does not reach the reference voltage, charging is continued. When the voltage of the ultra capacitor 20 is equal to or higher than the reference voltage, the controller 41 turns off the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 (S15), and the first switch MC1 and the second switch ( MC2) is turned on (S16), and thus, the battery 10 and the ultracapacitor 20 perform the hybrid normal operation operation of sharing the power of the load.
  • the present invention has been described by taking a power converter of a hybrid electric forklift as an example, but is not limited thereto, and is applicable to the power converter of all hybrid electric industrial vehicles having a battery and an ultracapacitor. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the specification of the present invention are not intended to limit the present invention.
  • the scope of the present invention should be construed by the claims below, and all techniques within the scope equivalent thereto will be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention can be applied to the power converter of the hybrid industrial vehicle as a technology that can safely perform the initial charging operation of the ultra capacitor with a simple configuration when the operation of the hybrid electric forklift is started.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power-converting apparatus for a hybrid industrial vehicle, and particularly, to a power-converting apparatus for a hybrid industrial vehicle, which uses an existing DC/DC converter to initially charge an ultracapacitor (UC), so as to prevent inrush current which is caused by an electric potential difference and which flows from a battery toward the ultracapacitor when a hybrid electric forklift truck starts operating. For this purpose, the apparatus of the present invention is configured such that a battery and a switch unit for setting a relationship between the ultracapacitor and a DC/DC converter are installed within the apparatus, and such that the ultracapacitor is charged with a voltage of the battery via the DC/DC converter by the on/off operations of the switch unit. Accordingly, a separate charging circuit for initial charging is not necessary, thus reducing manufacturing costs for the power-converting apparatus, and overcoming problems associated with a lack of space for installing a charging circuit in the power-converting apparatus.

Description

하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치Power converter of hybrid industrial vehicle
본 발명은 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치에 관한 것으로, 상세하게는 하이브리드 전동 지게차의 동작이 개시될 때 전위차에 의해 배터리에서 울트라 커패시터(UC)로 흐르는 돌입전류를 방지할 수 있는 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치에 관한 것이다. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle, and more particularly, to a power of a hybrid industrial vehicle capable of preventing inrush current flowing from a battery to an ultra capacitor (UC) by a potential difference when an operation of a hybrid electric forklift is started. It relates to an inverter.
지게차는 화물을 실어 옮기는데 사용되는 산업용 차량이다. 비교적 고중량의 하물을 원하는 위치로 들어올리거나, 제한된 구역 내에서 다른 장소로 운반하는데 사용된다. 지게차는 기본형 지게차와 전동 지게차로 구분된다.Forklift trucks are industrial vehicles used to load cargo. It is used to lift relatively heavy loads to a desired location or to transport them to another location within a limited area. Forklifts are divided into basic forklifts and electric forklifts.
기본형 지게차는 동력원으로 엔진을 사용하여, 엔진으로 유압 펌프를 구동하고, 유압 펌프에서 토출되는 압유로 조향장치의 조향동작 및 작업기의 틸팅/리프팅(Tilting/Lifting) 동작을 수행한다. The basic forklift uses an engine as a power source, drives a hydraulic pump with the engine, and performs a steering operation of a steering device and a tilting / lifting operation of a work machine with a hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump.
전동 지게차는 동력원으로 배터리를 사용하여, 배터리에 의해 전기 모터가 회전하고 전기 모터의 회전에 의해 펌프 모터가 회전하여, 펌프 모터의 회전에 따라 유압 펌프가 구동하여 유압 펌프에서 토출된 압유에 의해 조향장치의 조향동작 및 작업기의 틸팅/리프팅 동작을 수행하게 된다. 전동 지게차는 배터리와 전기 모터를 사용하여 매연 및 소음이 적기 때문에 주로 실내에서 많이 사용된다.The electric forklift uses a battery as a power source, the electric motor rotates by the battery, and the pump motor rotates by the rotation of the electric motor, and the hydraulic pump is driven by the rotation of the pump motor to be steered by the hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump. The steering operation of the device and the tilting / lifting operation of the work machine are performed. Electric forklifts are mainly used indoors because they use batteries and electric motors to reduce smoke and noise.
이러한 전동 지게차의 동력원인 배터리에 울트라 커패시터(UC)를 추가 사용하여, 배터리와 울트라 커패시터의 협조로 부하의 동력을 분담할 수 있는 하이브리드 전동 지게차가 개발되었다. By using an ultracapacitor (UC) to the battery, which is the power source of the electric forklift, a hybrid electric forklift that can share the power of the load in cooperation with the battery and the ultracapacitor has been developed.
울트라 커패시터는 자체 방전율이 배터리보다 매우 크므로 울트라 커패시터의 완전 방전 상태에서 지게차의 운용을 개시하는 경우, 배터리와 울트라 커패시터의 전위차에 의해 배터리에서 울트라 커패시터로 과대 전류가 흐를 수 있다. 울트라 커패시터로 흐르는 과대 전류를 돌입 전류(inrush current)라고 한다. 이러한 돌입 전류에 의해 울트라 커패시터가 손상될 수 있다. Ultracapacitors have a much higher self-discharge rate than batteries, so when starting the forklift operation in the fully discharged state of the ultracapacitor, an excessive current may flow from the battery to the ultracapacitor due to the potential difference between the battery and the ultracapacitor. The excess current flowing to the ultracapacitor is called inrush current. This inrush current can damage the ultracapacitor.
돌입 전류에 의한 울트라 커패시터의 손상을 방지하기 위해, 배터리에서 울트라 커패시터로의 소전류 충전 동작이 필요하다. 이에 따라 종래 하이브리드 전동 지게차의 전력변환장치에서는 별도의 충전 회로를 장착하여 소전류 충전 동작을 수행하였다. 그러나 별도의 충전 회로를 장착해야 하기 때문에 전력변환장치의 생산 비용이 증가하고 전력변환장치 내에 충전 회로의 장착 공간을 확보하기 위한 설계변경을 해야 하는 문제점이 있다. In order to prevent damage to the ultracapacitor by inrush current, a small current charging operation from the battery to the ultracapacitor is required. Accordingly, in the power converter of the conventional hybrid electric forklift truck, a separate charging circuit is mounted to perform a small current charging operation. However, since a separate charging circuit must be installed, there is a problem in that the production cost of the power converter increases and a design change is required to secure a mounting space of the charging circuit in the power converter.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 창안된 것으로서, 본 발명의 목적은 저렴하고 간단한 구성으로 안전하게 울트라 커패시터의 초기 충전 동작을 수행할 수 있는 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치를 제공하는 것에 있다. The present invention was devised to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle capable of safely performing an initial charging operation of an ultracapacitor with a low cost and simple configuration.
이를 위하여, 본 발명에 의한 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치는, 배터리 및 울트라 커패시터를 동력원으로 사용하는 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전원변환장치에 있어서, 상기 배터리의 전압 레벨을 변경하는 DC-DC 컨버터와, 상기 DC-DC 컨버터에서 출력된 전압 및 상기 울트라 커패시터의 전압을 입력 받아 인터버로 출력하는 DC 링크와, 상기 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 초기 충전 동작 시, 상기 배터리와 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 출력단을 연결시키고, 상기 울트라 커패시터와 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 입력단을 연결시키는 스위치부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.To this end, the power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle according to the present invention, in the power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle using a battery and an ultracapacitor as a power source, DC-DC converter for changing the voltage level of the battery, and A DC link that receives the voltage output from the DC-DC converter and the voltage of the ultracapacitor and outputs it to an interleaver, and connects the output terminal of the battery and the DC-DC converter during an initial charging operation of the hybrid industrial vehicle, And a switch unit connecting the ultra capacitor and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter.
상기와 같이, 본 발명은 전력변환장치에 스위치부를 추가하는 것만으로 기존 DC-DC 컨버터를 이용하여 울트라 커패시터의 초기 충전 동작을 수행할 수 있기 때문에, 초기 충전을 위한 별도의 충전 회로가 필요 없고, 이에 따라 전력변환장치의 제작 단가를 낮출 수 있고, 전력변환장치 내 충전 회로 장착을 위한 공간 확보를 위해 전력변환장치의 회로 설계를 할 필요가 없다. As described above, the present invention can perform the initial charging operation of the ultracapacitor using the existing DC-DC converter only by adding a switch unit to the power converter, there is no need for a separate charging circuit for initial charging, Accordingly, the manufacturing cost of the power converter can be lowered, and the circuit design of the power converter is not necessary to secure a space for mounting the charging circuit in the power converter.
또한, 본 발명은 울트라 커패시터의 교체 또는 정비 시 스위치부의 동작에 의해 울트라 커패시터의 잔존 전압이 배터리로 방전되기 때문에, 울트라 커패시터의 잔존 전압에 의한 작업자의 감전 사고를 방지할 수 있는 효과가 있다. In addition, the present invention because the residual voltage of the ultra-capacitor is discharged to the battery by the operation of the switch unit during the replacement or maintenance of the ultra-capacitor, there is an effect that can prevent an electric shock accident of the operator by the residual voltage of the ultra-capacitor.
도 1은 본 발명에 의한 전기식 하이브리드 지게차의 전력변환장치의 구성도.1 is a block diagram of a power conversion device of an electric hybrid forklift truck according to the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명에 의한 전력변환장치의 초기 충전 동작을 나타낸 도면.2 is a view showing an initial charging operation of the power converter according to the present invention.
도 3은 본 발명에 의한 전력변환장치의 정상 운용 동작을 나타낸 도면.3 is a view showing the normal operation of the power conversion apparatus according to the present invention.
도 4는 울트라 커패시터의 교체/정비 시 전력변환장치의 방전 동작을 나타낸 도면.Figure 4 is a view showing the discharge operation of the power converter when the replacement / maintenance of the ultracapacitor.
도 5는 본 발명에 의한 전력변환장치의 동작 과정을 나타낸 순서도.Figure 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of the power conversion apparatus according to the present invention.
<도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호 설명><Description of Signs for Main Parts of Drawings>
10: 배터리 20: 울트라 커패시터(UC)10: Battery 20: Ultra Capacitor (UC)
30: 인버터 40: 전력변환장치30: inverter 40: power converter
41: 제어부 42: 스위치부 41: control unit 42: switch unit
43: DC-DC 컨버터 44: DC 링크43: DC-DC converter 44: DC link
이하, 첨부된 도면을 첨부하여 본 발명에 따른 실시예를 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다. 본 발명의 구성 및 그에 따른 작용 효과는 이하의 상세한 설명을 통해 명확하게 이해될 것이다. 본 발명의 상세한 설명에 앞서, 동일한 구성요소에 대해서는 다른 도면 상에 표시되더라도 가능한 동일한 부호로 표시하며, 공지된 구성에 대해서는 본 발명의 요지를 흐릴 수 있다고 판단되는 경우 구체적인 설명은 생략하기로 함에 유의한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The construction of the present invention and the effects thereof will be clearly understood through the following detailed description. Prior to the detailed description of the present invention, the same components will be denoted by the same reference numerals even if they are displayed on different drawings, and the detailed description will be omitted when it is determined that the well-known configuration may obscure the gist of the present invention. do.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치의 개략적인 구성을 나타낸 것이다. 1 illustrates a schematic configuration of a power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 1을 참조하면, 전력변환장치(40)의 입력단은 배터리(10) 및 울트라 커패시터(20)에 연결되고, 전력변환장치(40)의 출력단은 인버터(30)에 연결된다. 전력변환장치(40)는 배터리(10) 및 울트라 커패시터(20)로부터 전압을 입력받아 소정의 처리를 수행한 후 인버터(30)로 출력한다. 인버터(30)는 전력변환장치(40)로부터 출력된 직류를 교류로 변환하여 부하로 공급한다. Referring to FIG. 1, the input terminal of the power converter 40 is connected to the battery 10 and the ultra capacitor 20, and the output terminal of the power converter 40 is connected to the inverter 30. The power converter 40 receives a voltage from the battery 10 and the ultra capacitor 20, performs a predetermined process, and outputs the voltage to the inverter 30. The inverter 30 converts the direct current output from the power converter 40 into alternating current and supplies it to the load.
전력변환장치(40)는 배터리(10)의 직류 전압 레벨을 강압 또는 승압하는 DC-DC 컨버터(43), DC-DC 컨버터(43)에서 출력된 전압 및 울트라 커패시터(20)의 전압을 입력 받아 인터버(30)로 출력하는 DC 링크(44), 배터리(10)와 울트라 커패시터(20) 및 DC-DC 컨버터(43) 간의 연결 관계를 설정하는 스위치부(42), 스위치부(42) 및 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 동작을 제어하는 제어부(41) 등으로 구성된다.The power converter 40 receives the voltage output from the DC-DC converter 43, the DC-DC converter 43, and the voltage of the ultracapacitor 20 to step down or step up the DC voltage level of the battery 10. The switch unit 42, the switch unit 42, which establishes a connection relationship between the DC link 44, the battery 10, the ultra capacitor 20, and the DC-DC converter 43 output to the interleaver 30. And a controller 41 for controlling the operation of the DC-DC converter 43.
하이브리드 전동 지게차가 동작을 개시할 때 울트라 커패시터(20)로 초기 충전 동작이 수행된다. 제어부(41)가 지게차의 동작 개시를 감지하면, 제어부(41)는 스위치부(42)를 제어하여 배터리(10)의 전압이 DC-DC 컨버터(43)를 통해 울트라 커패시터(20)로 충전되도록 한다. The initial charging operation is performed with the ultra capacitor 20 when the hybrid electric forklift truck starts operation. When the control unit 41 detects the start of operation of the forklift, the control unit 41 controls the switch unit 42 so that the voltage of the battery 10 is charged by the ultra capacitor 20 through the DC-DC converter 43. do.
스위치부(42)는 배터리(10)와 DC-DC 컨버터(42)의 입력단 간에 설치된 제1 스위치(MC1), 울트라 커패시터(20)와 DC-DC 컨버터(42)의 출력단 간에 설치된 제2 스위치(MC2), 제1 스위치(MC1)의 일단과 제2 스위치(MC2)의 타단 간에 설치된 제3 스위치(SR1), 제1 스위치(MC1)의 타단과 제2 스위치(MC2)의 일단 간에 설치된 제4 스위치(SR2)로 구성된다. 여기서, 제1 스위치(MC1) 및 제2 스위치(MC2)는 대전류 도통용 대용량 컨텍터가 사용될 수 있고, 제3 스위치(SR1) 및 제4 스위치(SR2)는 소용량 릴레이가 사용될 수 있다. The switch unit 42 may include a first switch MC1 installed between the battery 10 and an input terminal of the DC-DC converter 42, and a second switch installed between the ultra capacitor 20 and the output terminal of the DC-DC converter 42. MC2, the third switch SR1 provided between one end of the first switch MC1 and the other end of the second switch MC2, the fourth switch provided between the other end of the first switch MC1 and one end of the second switch MC2. It consists of a switch SR2. In this case, the first switch MC1 and the second switch MC2 may use a high-capacity large-capacity contactor, and the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 may use a small capacity relay.
도 2는 본 발명에 의한 전력변환장치의 초기 충전 동작을 나타낸 것이다. 2 illustrates an initial charging operation of the power converter according to the present invention.
도 2를 참조하면, 제1 스위치(MC1) 및 제2 스위치(MC2)는 오프 되고, 제3 스위치(SR1) 및 제4 스위치(SR2)은 온 되어, 배터리(10)와 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 출력단이 연결되고, 울트라 커패시터(20)와 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 입력단이 연결된다. 이와 같은 스위치부(42)의 온/오프 동작에 의해, 도 2에 도시된 화살표와 같이, 배터리(10)에서 나온 전류가 DC-DC 컨버터(43)를 통해 울트라 커패시터(20)로 흘러 들어감으로써, 울트라 커패시터(20)로의 초기 충전 동작이 수행된다.Referring to FIG. 2, the first switch MC1 and the second switch MC2 are turned off, and the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 are turned on, so that the battery 10 and the DC-DC converter ( The output terminal of 43 is connected, and the ultra capacitor 20 and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter 43 are connected. By the on / off operation of the switch unit 42 as described above, the current from the battery 10 flows into the ultra capacitor 20 through the DC-DC converter 43 as shown by the arrow shown in FIG. The initial charging operation to the ultra capacitor 20 is performed.
도 3은 본 발명에 의한 전력변환장치의 정상 운용 동작을 나타낸 것이다. 3 shows normal operation of the power conversion apparatus according to the present invention.
울트라 커패시터(20)로의 초기 충전 동작이 완료되면, 지게차는 배터리(10) 및 울트라 커패시터(20)로부터 전력을 공급받아 정상적인 운용 동작을 시작한다. When the initial charging operation to the ultra capacitor 20 is completed, the forklift receives power from the battery 10 and the ultra capacitor 20 to start a normal operation operation.
도 3을 참조하면, 제1 스위치(MC1) 및 제2 스위치(MC2)는 온 되고, 제3 스위치(SR1) 및 제4 스위치(SR2)은 오프 되어, 배터리(10)와 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 입력단이 연결되고, 울트라 커패시터(20)와 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 출력단이 연결된다. 이와 같은 스위치부(42)의 온/오프 동작에 의해, 배터리(10)에서 나온 전류는 DC-DC 컨버터(43) 및 DC 링크(44)를 거쳐 인버터(30)로 흘러 들어가고, 울트라 커패시터(20)에서 나온 전류는 DC 링크(44)를 거쳐 인버터(30)로 흘러 들어간다. Referring to FIG. 3, the first switch MC1 and the second switch MC2 are turned on, and the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 are turned off, so that the battery 10 and the DC-DC converter ( The input terminal of 43 is connected, and the ultra capacitor 20 and the output terminal of the DC-DC converter 43 are connected. By the on / off operation of the switch unit 42, the current from the battery 10 flows into the inverter 30 via the DC-DC converter 43 and the DC link 44, and the ultracapacitor 20 The current from λ flows into the inverter 30 via the DC link 44.
도 4는 울트라 커패시터(20)의 교체/정비 시 전력변환장치의 방전 동작을 나타낸 것이다. 4 illustrates a discharge operation of the power converter during the replacement / maintenance of the ultracapacitor 20.
작업자가 울트라 커패시터(20)를 교체 또는 정비하기 위해서는 지게차로부터 울트라 커패시터(20)를 분리해야 한다. 울트라 커패시터(20)를 분리할 때 울트라 커패시터(20)에 잔존 전압이 있는 경우, 잔존 전압에 의해 감전 사고가 발생할 수 있다. In order to replace or service the ultracapacitor 20, the operator must separate the ultracapacitor 20 from the forklift. When there is a residual voltage in the ultracapacitor 20 when the ultracapacitor 20 is separated, an electric shock accident may occur due to the remaining voltage.
따라서, 울트라 커패시터(20)의 교체/정비 시, 작업자가 소정의 버튼이나 스위치를 조작하여 교체/정비 모드를 설정하면, 제어부(41)는 스위치부(42)를 제어하여 울트라 커패시터(20)의 전압이 DC-DC 컨버터(43)를 통해 배터리(10)로 방전되도록 한다. Therefore, when replacing / maintenance of the ultracapacitor 20, when an operator sets a replacement / maintenance mode by operating a predetermined button or switch, the controller 41 controls the switch unit 42 to control the ultracapacitor 20. The voltage is discharged to the battery 10 through the DC-DC converter 43.
도 4를 참조하면, 제1 스위치(MC1) 및 제2 스위치(MC2)는 오프 되고, 제3 스위치(SR1) 및 제4 스위치(SR2)은 온 되어, 배터리(10)와 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 출력단이 연결되고, 울트라 커패시터(20)와 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 입력단이 연결된다. 이러한 연결 구조는 초기 충전 동작에서의 연결구조과 동일하다. 다만, 울트라 커패시터(20)에 잔존 전압이 있기 때문에, 도 4에 도시된 화살표와 같이, 울트라 커패시터(20)에서 나온 전류가 DC-DC 컨버터(43)를 통해 배터리(10)로 흘러 들어감으로써, 울트라 커패시터(20)의 방전 동작이 수행될 수 있다. Referring to FIG. 4, the first switch MC1 and the second switch MC2 are turned off, and the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 are turned on, so that the battery 10 and the DC-DC converter ( The output terminal of 43 is connected, and the ultra capacitor 20 and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter 43 are connected. This connection structure is the same as that of the initial charging operation. However, since there is a residual voltage in the ultracapacitor 20, as shown by the arrow shown in FIG. 4, the current from the ultracapacitor 20 flows into the battery 10 through the DC-DC converter 43. The discharging operation of the ultra capacitor 20 may be performed.
도 5는 본 발명에 의한 전력변환장치의 동작 과정을 나타낸 순서도이다.5 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of a power conversion apparatus according to the present invention.
도 5를 참조하면, 먼저 하이브리드 전동 지게차의 하이브리드 키 스위치를 온 한다(S10). 하이브리드 키 스위치를 온 하면 지게차의 하이브리드 동작이 개시되고, 제어부(41)는 DC 링크(44)에 충전된 전압(V_dc)이 소정의 기준 전압 이상인지를 판단한다(S11). 기준 전압은 일반적으로 배터리 전압의 90% 수준이다. DC 링크 전압이 기준 전압 미만일 경우, DC 링크 전압이 기준 전압 이상이 될 때까지 대기한다. 일정 시간(예를 들어, 5초) 이후에도 DC 링크 전압이 기준 전압에 도달하지 않으면 에러 발생으로 처리한다. Referring to FIG. 5, first, a hybrid key switch of a hybrid electric forklift is turned on (S10). When the hybrid key switch is turned on, the hybrid operation of the forklift is started, and the controller 41 determines whether the voltage V_dc charged in the DC link 44 is greater than or equal to a predetermined reference voltage (S11). The reference voltage is typically 90% of the battery voltage. If the DC link voltage is below the reference voltage, wait until the DC link voltage is above the reference voltage. If the DC link voltage does not reach the reference voltage after a certain time (eg 5 seconds), it is treated as an error occurrence.
DC 링크 전압이 기준 전압 이상일 경우, 제어부(41)는 울트라 커패시터(20) 전압이 기준 전압 이상인지를 판단한다(S12). If the DC link voltage is greater than or equal to the reference voltage, the controller 41 determines whether the ultracapacitor 20 voltage is greater than or equal to the reference voltage (S12).
울트라 커패시터 전압이 기준 전압 이상인 경우, 제어부(41)는 스위치부(42)를 제어하여 제1 스위치(MC1) 및 제2 스위치(MC2)가 온 된다(S16). 이에 따라, 배터리(10)와 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 입력단이 연결되고, 울트라 커패시터(20)와 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 출력단이 연결되어, 초기 충전 동작 없이 바로 정상 운영 동작을 수행한다. When the ultra capacitor voltage is greater than or equal to the reference voltage, the controller 41 controls the switch 42 to turn on the first switch MC1 and the second switch MC2 (S16). Accordingly, the input terminal of the battery 10 and the DC-DC converter 43 are connected, and the output terminals of the ultra capacitor 20 and the DC-DC converter 43 are connected to perform normal operation immediately without an initial charging operation. do.
반면, 울트라 커패시터 전압이 기준 전압 미만인 경우, 제어부(41)는 스위치부(42)를 제어하여 제3 스위치(SR1) 및 제4 스위치(SR2)가 온 된다(S13). 이에 따라, 배터리(10)와 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 출력단이 연결되고, 울트라 커패시터(20)와 DC-DC 컨버터(43)의 입력단이 연결되어, 울트라 커패시터(20)로의 초기 충전 동작이 수행된다. On the other hand, when the ultra capacitor voltage is less than the reference voltage, the controller 41 controls the switch unit 42 to turn on the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 (S13). Accordingly, the output terminal of the battery 10 and the DC-DC converter 43 are connected, and the input terminal of the ultra capacitor 20 and the DC-DC converter 43 is connected, so that the initial charging operation to the ultra capacitor 20 is performed. Is performed.
다음, 제어부(41)는 울트라 커패시터(20)의 전압이 기준 전압 이상이 되는지 판단한다(S14). 울트라 커패시터(20)의 전압이 기준 전압이 도달하지 않으면 계속해서 충전이 수행된다. 울트라 커패시터(20)의 전압이 기준 전압 이상이 되면, 제어부(41)는 제3 스위치(SR1) 및 제4 스위치(SR2)를 오프 하고(S15), 제1 스위치(MC1) 및 제2 스위치(MC2)를 온 한다(S16), 이에 따라, 배터리(10) 및 울트라 커패시터(20)가 부하의 동력을 분담하는 하이브리드 정상 운용 동작을 수행한다. Next, the controller 41 determines whether the voltage of the ultra capacitor 20 is equal to or greater than the reference voltage (S14). If the voltage of the ultra capacitor 20 does not reach the reference voltage, charging is continued. When the voltage of the ultra capacitor 20 is equal to or higher than the reference voltage, the controller 41 turns off the third switch SR1 and the fourth switch SR2 (S15), and the first switch MC1 and the second switch ( MC2) is turned on (S16), and thus, the battery 10 and the ultracapacitor 20 perform the hybrid normal operation operation of sharing the power of the load.
본 발명은 하이브리드 전동 지게차의 전력변환장치을 예로 들어 설명하였으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니며, 배터리 및 울트라 커패시터를 구비한 모든 하이브리드 전기식 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치에 적용 가능한 것이다. 따라서 본 발명의 명세서에 개시된 실시예들은 본 발명을 한정하는 것이 아니다. 본 발명의 범위는 아래의 특허청구범위에 의해 해석되어야 하며, 그와 균등한 범위 내에 있는 모든 기술도 본 발명의 범위에 포함되는 것으로 해석해야 할 것이다. The present invention has been described by taking a power converter of a hybrid electric forklift as an example, but is not limited thereto, and is applicable to the power converter of all hybrid electric industrial vehicles having a battery and an ultracapacitor. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the specification of the present invention are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the present invention should be construed by the claims below, and all techniques within the scope equivalent thereto will be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.
본 발명은 하이브리드 전동 지게차의 동작이 개시될 때 간단한 구성으로 안전하게 울트라 커패시터의 초기 충전 동작을 수행할 수 있는 기술로 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치에 적용할 수 있다. The present invention can be applied to the power converter of the hybrid industrial vehicle as a technology that can safely perform the initial charging operation of the ultra capacitor with a simple configuration when the operation of the hybrid electric forklift is started.

Claims (5)

  1. 배터리 및 울트라 커패시터를 동력원으로 사용하는 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전원변환장치에 있어서, In the power converter of a hybrid industrial vehicle using a battery and an ultra capacitor as a power source,
    상기 배터리의 전압 레벨을 변경하는 DC-DC 컨버터와,A DC-DC converter for changing a voltage level of the battery;
    상기 DC-DC 컨버터에서 출력된 전압 및 상기 울트라 커패시터의 전압을 입력 받아 인터버로 출력하는 DC 링크와, A DC link that receives the voltage output from the DC-DC converter and the voltage of the ultracapacitor and outputs it to an interleaver;
    상기 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 초기 충전 동작 시, 상기 배터리와 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 출력단을 연결시키고, 상기 울트라 커패시터와 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 입력단을 연결시키는 스위치부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치.In the initial charging operation of the hybrid industrial vehicle, the hybrid industrial vehicle comprising a switch unit for connecting the output terminal of the battery and the DC-DC converter, and the input terminal of the ultra-capacitor and the DC-DC converter Power inverter.
  2. 제1 항에 있어서, According to claim 1,
    상기 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 정상 운용 동작 시, 상기 스위치부는 상기 배터리와 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 입력단을 연결시키고, 상기 울트라 커패시터와 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 출력단을 연결시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치.During normal operation of the hybrid industrial vehicle, the switch unit connects the battery and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter, and connects the ultra capacitor and the output terminal of the DC-DC converter. Inverter.
  3. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 울트라 커패시터의 교체 또는 정비 시, 상기 스위치부는 상기 배터리와 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 출력단을 연결시키고, 상기 울트라 커패시터와 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 입력단을 연결시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치.When the ultracapacitor is replaced or maintained, the switch unit connects the output terminal of the battery and the DC-DC converter and connects the ultracapacitor and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter. Device.
  4. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 스위치부는 상기 배터리와 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 입력단 간에 설치된 제1 스위치(MC1)와, The switch unit and the first switch (MC1) provided between the battery and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter,
    상기 울트라 커패시터와 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 출력단 간에 설치된 제2 스위치(MC2)와,A second switch MC2 disposed between the ultra capacitor and the output terminal of the DC-DC converter;
    상기 제1 스위치의 일단과 상기 제2 스위치의 타단 간에 설치된 제3 스위치(SR1)와, A third switch SR1 installed between one end of the first switch and the other end of the second switch,
    상기 제1 스위치의 타단과 상기 제2 스위치의 일단 간에 설치된 제4 스위치(SR2)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치.And a fourth switch (SR2) installed between the other end of the first switch and one end of the second switch.
  5. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 울트라 커패시터의 전압이 소정의 기준전압 미만인 경우, 상기 스위치부의 동작에 의해 상기 배터리의 전압이 상기 DC-DC 컨버터를 통해 상기 울트라 커패시터로 충전되는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 산업용 차량의 전력변환장치.And when the voltage of the ultra capacitor is less than a predetermined reference voltage, the voltage of the battery is charged to the ultra capacitor through the DC-DC converter by the operation of the switch unit.
PCT/KR2010/009205 2009-12-24 2010-12-22 Power-converting apparatus for a hybrid industrial vehicle WO2011078577A2 (en)

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