WO2011076847A1 - Procédé de forage d'un trou de forage et train de tiges de forage hybride - Google Patents
Procédé de forage d'un trou de forage et train de tiges de forage hybride Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011076847A1 WO2011076847A1 PCT/EP2010/070492 EP2010070492W WO2011076847A1 WO 2011076847 A1 WO2011076847 A1 WO 2011076847A1 EP 2010070492 W EP2010070492 W EP 2010070492W WO 2011076847 A1 WO2011076847 A1 WO 2011076847A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drill string
- borehole
- length
- flexible tubing
- tubing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 101150006257 rig-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/22—Handling reeled pipe or rod units, e.g. flexible drilling pipes
Definitions
- the invention is related to a method of drilling a borehole into an object, and to a hybrid drill string.
- the object can in particular be a subsurface earth formation .
- a particular application is for drilling a borehole with a relatively small diameter at least in a lower section into a subsurface earth formation, for example, a borehole with a diameter of between 3 and 20 cm, e.g. 5-
- a borehole can be drilled by a mechanical drilling method with a conventional mechanical cutting drill head, wherein a drill string formed of jointed pipe is used.
- flexible tubing can be used, in particular coiled tubing that can be unrolled from a reel, also referred to as coiled tubing. Drilling with the help of a flexible tubing has the advantage that the drilling operation has to be interrupted less frequently in comparison with drilling operations wherein pipes are used, which have to be coupled to each other
- a fluid jet drill head which directs a fluid jet with erosive power into impingement with the borehole wall.
- a fluid mixture including a quantity of abrasive particles is employed.
- Such jet drilling is particularly well suited for making boreholes with a small diameter.
- a jet drill system and method of making a hole in an object is for example disclosed in WO-A-2005/005767.
- the known system comprises an excavating tool, herein also referred to as abrasive jet drill head, mounted on a lower end of a drill string that is inserted from the surface into a hole in a subterranean earth formation.
- the drill string is provided with a longitudinal passage for transporting a drilling fluid mixture comprising abrasive particles to the drill head.
- the drill head comprises jet means arranged to generate an abrasive jet in a jetting direction into impingement with the earth formation in an impingement area.
- the abrasive jet contains magnetic abrasive particles (steel shot) .
- a recirculation system which captures abrasive particles from the return stream to surface, after erosive impingement, by means of a magnet, and re-mixes the abrasive particles at a mixing location with the mixture received via the drill string.
- the magnet is arranged as a rotatable conveyor, attracting particles to be recycled and conveying them towards a mixing location with fresh fluid from surface.
- directional drilling is achieved by a modulation means in form of a controllable drive means for the conveyor, which is arranged so as to modulate the recirculation rate, and in this way the quantity of particles in the abrasive jet at the jet means is modulated.
- the drill string outer diameter in abrasive jet drilling should have an outer diameter which is preferably in the range of 0,65 to 0,70 times the borehole diameter. In the case of drilling a 7,4 cm (2,9 inch) diameter hole, this would lead to a drill string of about 5 cm (2 inch) .
- jointed drill pipe of such dimensions has relatively large diameter connections. E.g., joints of 2 3/8 inch drill pipe (6 cm) can have a joint diameter of about 3,5 inch (8,9 cm) .
- the second borehole section can in particular be a borehole section with a relatively small diameter, for example, with a diameter of between 3 and 20 cm, in particular 5-16 cm, e.g. 5-12 cm, such as 7,4 cm (2,9 inch), 10,5 cm (4,125 inch), or 15,2 cm (6 inch), which diameters correspond to respective sizes of fluid jet drill heads.
- first drill string part including a fluid jet drill head in the first borehole section, wherein the first drill string part comprises a length of flexible tubing
- the method of the invention allows to profit from advantageous features of flexible tubing in abrasive jetting drilling operations while avoiding drawbacks.
- a second borehole section is provided that can be drilled fast and economically using a fluid jet drill head together with a length of flexible tubing, which is extended by jointed pipe elements on top in the course of deepening the second borehole section.
- the second borehole section can be limited to just the diameter required since no joints have to be run into this section.
- the fluid jet is an abrasive fluid jet and the jet drill head is an abrasive jet drill head.
- An abrasive fluid jet is a jet of a fluid mixture comprising a concentration of abrasive particles, e.g. steel shot in an drilling liquid, in particular aqueous drilling liquid such as water.
- abrasive particles e.g. steel shot in an drilling liquid, in particular aqueous drilling liquid such as water.
- the length of flexible tubing can comprise a single piece of tubing of 30 m length or more, preferably 50 m or more, and can be 100 m or more, 200 m or more, or even 500 m or more.
- the length of flexible tubing can be unrolled from a reel, allowing efficient transport to the rig site.
- the length of flexible tubing can be connected to an
- auxiliary flexible member e.g. comprising an auxiliary part of flexible tubing or a cable, when the first drill string part is run into the first borehole section.
- auxiliary flexible member can be rolled on a reel, and unrolled again, so the flexible tubing can easily be used and re-used for similar drilling operations.
- a coupling is provided at the upper end of the length of flexible tubing. This coupling can be used for coupling to the auxiliary flexible member and/or for coupling the jointed pipe (second drill string part) to the flexible tubing (first drill string part) .
- the coupling can comprise a cross-over to jointed pipe.
- Preferably flexible tubing guidance equipment is provided at surface, and the coupling and the flexible tubing guidance equipment are dimensioned such that the coupling can pass through the flexible tubing guidance equipment .
- the method can further comprise -raising the assembled first and second drill string parts in the borehole,
- the invention also provides a hybrid drill string, comprising a length of flexible tubing as well as a plurality of jointed pipe elements, and further comprises a bottomhole assembly comprising a jet drill head.
- the jointed pipe elements are preferably connected to a first end of the length of flexible tubing.
- bottomhole assembly with jet drill head is provided at a second end of the length of flexible tubing.
- the length of flexible tubing can comprise a single piece of tubing of 30 m length or more, 50 m or more, 100m or more, 200m or more, 500 m or more.
- Flexible tubing used in the present invention is preferably flexible enough to follow the drilled
- trajectory and stiff enough to be pushed through the bore hole while being rotated preferably should be of such torsional strength that the required torque for drill string and drill head rotation can be transmitted .
- the invention moreover provides a method for drilling a hole in a formation by means of an abrasive jet of a mixture of drilling fluid and abrasive particles, comprising the steps of:
- the assembly consisting of the flexible tubing, the drill pipe(s) and the drill head can be rotated as a unity.
- the length of tube can be applied without making up or breaking of a high number of connections, as would have been the case in a traditional drill string which completely consists of drill pipes, thus speeding up the process of drilling.
- Flexible tubing is well fit for handling the relatively low torque which is exerted on the drill string for rotating the drill head.
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps of:
- a reel with a length of an auxiliary flexible member, such as an auxiliary part of tubing or a cable, coiled on said reel as well as a length of
- the auxiliary flexible member is permanently
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps:
- the invention is also related to a hybrid drill string, comprising a length of flexible tubing as well as at least one length of pipe connected to the upper end of the length of tubing.
- the invention is related to an installation for carrying out the method as described before, comprising a drilling rig provided with guiding means for guiding the length of flexible tubing, fixing means for fixing the assembly consisting of length of tubing, the at least one length of pipe and the drill head as well as lifting means for lifting said assembly.
- a first borehole section is provided extending into the object from its surface.
- This object is here a subterranean earth formation, in particular to provide a borehole for the manufacture of a well for production of mineral hydrocarbons.
- Such a first borehole extends downwardly from the earth's surface, and can be for example provided by conventional drilling methods, in particular mechanical drilling e.g. using roller-cone or PDC bits.
- the first borehole section can in particular be provided with well completion, in particular casing, such as a casing string comprising coaxial casing sections of narrower diameters in downhole direction.
- casing such as a casing string comprising coaxial casing sections of narrower diameters in downhole direction.
- first drill string part 3 is run, including a fluid jet drill head 10 at its lower end.
- the first drill string part comprises a length of
- a reel 1 is positioned next to the drilling rig 4 which is used in the process of drilling a borehole 5.
- the drilling rig 4 is provided with a guide 7 over which a length of flexible tubing 3a, which is coiled tubing, and an auxiliary flexible member 8 are guided during the transfer of the length of
- auxiliary flexible member 8 may be carried out as a cable or as a further piece of tubing .
- the jet drill head 10 preferably an abrasive jet drill head, has been mounted to the lower end
- the first drill string part 3 is run to a desired depth. In many cases this will be the bottom of the first borehole section 5 as shown in Figure 2. It is however also possible to drill the second borehole section as a deviated section from a more uphole position, e.g. as part of a multilateral well. Providing e.g. a laterally deviating second borehole above the bottom of the first is also regarded as deepening the borehole. At the desired depth, drilling the second borehole section 5a is to be started by operating the jet drilling bit,
- the abrasive jet drill head suitably comprises one or more jet nozzles each blasting against a certain area in the borehole.
- first a first pipe element such as a piece of drill pipe
- first drill string 3 is connected to the upper end of the first drill string 3.
- the flexible tubing 3 is still held fixed with respect to the drilling rig 4, and a piece of drill pipe 11 (see figure 2), which is for instance a stiff steel pipe, is connected by a coupling 12 which can be the same, a similar or a coupling co-operating with coupling 9, to the flexible tubing 3.
- a second drill string part 11a As the second borehole 5a section is deepened, more pipe elements are jointed on top, to form a second drill string part 11a.
- a mixture consisting of a drilling fluid and abrasive particles is pumped through line 13 into the bore which runs through the hybrid drill string 16 comprising drill pipes 11 and the flexible tubing 3.
- the drill pipes 11 and the flexible tubing 3 behave as a single unity; because of the fact that a great length of flexible tubing 3 can be introduced into the borehole without making up
- the second borehole section 5a can have a smaller diameter than the first borehole section. If the connections for not fit through the second borehole section, the length of the coiled tubing effectively determines the maximum depth of the second borehole section. Both the first and the second borehole sections can be several hundred meters long.
- the first and/or the second borehole sections can be directionally drilled. Directional drilling using abrasive jetting drilling can for example be done as known from WO 2005/005767.
- the second borehole section 5a can be an open hole section, i.e. not provided with casing. In one example it can have a diameter of 7.4 cm.
- the (minimum) internal diameter of the casing in the first borehole section back to surface can e.g. be 8.9-10.2 cm, in this case even drill pipe can be used for the top part of the drill string. If the casing is narrow, jointed tubing can be used for the second drill string part.
- the mixture of drilling fluid and adhesive particles is pumped by a pump 14; by means of the mixer 15 adhesive particles are added to the flow of drilling fluid which is discharged by the pump 14.
- auxiliary flexible member 8 and the flexible tubing 3 are coiled onto the reel 1.
- the entire process can then be repeated at another location, or using the same first borehole section a further borehole section such as a lateral well section can be drilled.
- This method is beneficial in particular when a sequence of similar wells have to drilled, e.g. batch drilling, for which a fixed length of coiled tubing and
- Suitable abrasive jet drill heads, systems and methods of operation are e.g. disclosed in WO 00/66872, WO 2002/034653, WO 2005/005766, WO 2005/005767, WO
- the jointed pipe elements have a maximum diameter larger than the diameter of the second borehole section.
- the maximum diameter is typically the outer diameter at the joints.
- the second drill string part in the first borehole section has a maximum diameter larger than the diameter of the second borehole section.
- the connector between first and second drill string parts is regarded as part of the second drill string part.
- the second borehole section is provided up to a depth at which the second drill string is near the uphole end of the second drill string part, e.g. within 100 m of the uphole end, or within 50 m, or within 10 m.
- the second drill string part is pulled up to surface and disconnected from the first drill string part, and the first drill string part is extended by connecting a further length of flexible tubing or
- the second borehole section can be extended to greater depth at the same diameter by running back into the hole, operating the jetting head and re-connecting a second drill string part of jointed pipe elements. This process can be repeated to reach greater depths.
- the diameter of the flexible tubing is smaller than the diameter of the jointed pipe elements as measured at the joints.
- the diameter of the flexible pipe can be at least 12 mm, more in particular at least 25 mm, even more in particular at least 37 mm, such as even at least 50 mm, smaller than the joint diameter of the jointed pipe.
- the diameter of the flexible tubing is smaller than the diameter of the jointed pipe elements as measured outside the joints.
- the diameter of the flexible pipe can be at least 3 mm, more in particular at least 6 mm, even more in particular at least 12 mm, such as even at least 22 mm or at least 25 mm, smaller than the joint diameter of the jointed pipe .
- the ratio of the diameter of the flexible tubing to the diameter of this borehole section is preferably in the range of 0.6 - 0.75, more preferably 0.62-0.72, such as 0.65 - 0.7.
- An optimum value of this ratio provides optimum hydraulic transmission through the tubing to the jetting head, as well as return of the flow via the annulus to surface.
- a borehole from surface of 15,2 cm diameter is provided to a first depth, e.g. with a conventional drilling system, and a casing of 12,7 cm o.d. is provided therein.
- a conventional rotary drilling system with a bit diameter of 10,5 cm can just be operated through such a casing, to provide an extension of the borehole at diameter 10,5 cm to a second depth.
- the 10,5 cm bit can be operated by a drill string of 7,3 cm (2 7/8 inch, outside the joints), and a joint diameter of typically about 9,8-11,1 cm, such as 10,5 cm.
- liner joints may be a bit wider. The borehole until the second depth represents the first borehole section.
- the liner has an inner diameter through which a 7,4 cm (2.9 inch) jet drilling head fits.
- This head is mounted at the lower end of a flexible tubing of 5,1 cm (2 inch) o.d., which is operated to drill the second borehole section.
- This is not an issue for a jetting system, in particular an abrasive jetting system.
- the second borehole section can be extended to a third depth which can be approximately twice the second depth.
- the entire drill string can be pulled up, and flexible tubing with the jetting head with the same sizes as before can be re-inserted up to the third depth, and operated to extend the second borehole section to greater depth while connecting jointed pipe elements as discussed before.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201080058357.5A CN102667048B (zh) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-22 | 钻井眼的方法和混合型钻柱 |
BR112012015442A BR112012015442A2 (pt) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-22 | método de perfuração de um furo de sondagem, e, coluna de perfuração híbrida |
EP10795013A EP2516789A1 (fr) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-22 | Procédé de forage d'un trou de forage et train de tiges de forage hybride |
US13/517,329 US20120261194A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-22 | Drilling a borehole and hybrid drill string |
AU2010334863A AU2010334863B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-22 | Drilling a borehole and hybrid drill string |
CA2785141A CA2785141A1 (fr) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-22 | Procede de forage d'un trou de forage et train de tiges de forage hybride |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09180572 | 2009-12-23 | ||
EP09180572.1 | 2009-12-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011076847A1 true WO2011076847A1 (fr) | 2011-06-30 |
Family
ID=42153662
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2010/070492 WO2011076847A1 (fr) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-22 | Procédé de forage d'un trou de forage et train de tiges de forage hybride |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120261194A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2516789A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102667048B (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2010334863B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112012015442A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2785141A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011076847A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10094172B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2018-10-09 | Ramax, Llc | Drill with remotely controlled operating modes and system and method for providing the same |
WO2014032006A1 (fr) | 2012-08-23 | 2014-02-27 | Ramax, Llc | Foreuse à modes de fonctionnement commandés à distance et son système et son procédé de fabrication |
WO2014189491A1 (fr) * | 2013-05-21 | 2014-11-27 | Halliburton Energy Serviices, Inc. | Procédés et systèmes de forage à haute tension utilisant un moyen de transport par train de tiges de forage hybride |
US10337265B1 (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-07-02 | Deep Well Services | Well pipe guide spool |
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WO2000066872A1 (fr) | 1999-04-28 | 2000-11-09 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Ensemble de forage a jet abrasif |
WO2002034653A1 (fr) | 2000-10-26 | 2002-05-02 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Dispositif pour le transport de particules de materiau magnetique |
WO2005005766A1 (fr) | 2003-07-09 | 2005-01-20 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Dispositif servant a transporter des particules d'un materiau magnetique et outil comportant un tel dispositif |
WO2005005767A1 (fr) | 2003-07-09 | 2005-01-20 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Systeme et procede pour realiser un trou dans un objet |
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WO2008113843A1 (fr) | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Pièce d'écartement avec déflecteur de jet |
WO2008113844A1 (fr) | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Pièce d'écartement comportant une fente hélicoïdale |
WO2008119821A2 (fr) | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-09 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Procédé et ensemble pour forage par jet abrasif |
US20090173544A1 (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2009-07-09 | Peters Jasper N | Method and apparatus for lateral well drilling utilizing an abrasive fluid stream discharged from a rotating nozzle |
EP2108780A1 (fr) | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-14 | Robert Graham | Procédé de forage hybride |
WO2009137923A1 (fr) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-19 | Petrojet Canada Inc. | Procédé de forage hydraulique à commande de pénétration |
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2010
- 2010-12-22 BR BR112012015442A patent/BR112012015442A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-12-22 AU AU2010334863A patent/AU2010334863B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-12-22 CN CN201080058357.5A patent/CN102667048B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-22 US US13/517,329 patent/US20120261194A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-12-22 WO PCT/EP2010/070492 patent/WO2011076847A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-12-22 CA CA2785141A patent/CA2785141A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2010-12-22 EP EP10795013A patent/EP2516789A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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WO2000066872A1 (fr) | 1999-04-28 | 2000-11-09 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Ensemble de forage a jet abrasif |
WO2002034653A1 (fr) | 2000-10-26 | 2002-05-02 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Dispositif pour le transport de particules de materiau magnetique |
WO2005005766A1 (fr) | 2003-07-09 | 2005-01-20 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Dispositif servant a transporter des particules d'un materiau magnetique et outil comportant un tel dispositif |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120261194A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
BR112012015442A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
EP2516789A1 (fr) | 2012-10-31 |
AU2010334863B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
CA2785141A1 (fr) | 2011-06-30 |
CN102667048B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
CN102667048A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
AU2010334863A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
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