WO2011073907A1 - A polymorph form of nevirapine and its preparation - Google Patents
A polymorph form of nevirapine and its preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011073907A1 WO2011073907A1 PCT/IB2010/055808 IB2010055808W WO2011073907A1 WO 2011073907 A1 WO2011073907 A1 WO 2011073907A1 IB 2010055808 W IB2010055808 W IB 2010055808W WO 2011073907 A1 WO2011073907 A1 WO 2011073907A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nevirapine
- unsolvated
- metastable
- methanol
- crystalline form
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D471/14—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
Definitions
- This invention relates to a novel polymorph form of a composition. More particularly, this invention relates to a novel polymorph form (Form-IV) of 11-cyclopropyl-5, 11-dihydro-4-methyl-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b: 2', 3'- e][1 ,4]diazepin-6-one or nevirapine. This invention further relates to a method of producing a particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine.
- Nevirapine is a well-known anti-retroviral drug used in the treatment of HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus, type 1) infection and AIDS. It is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and specifically inhibits HIV- 1 reverse transcriptase. Structurally, nevirapine is a member of the dipyridodiazepinone chemical class of compounds.
- Nevirapine is currently available in two dosage forms, namely tablets (anhydrous form) and in suspensions (hemi-hydrate form).
- the mean particle sizes of commercially available nevirapine are generally larger than 50 pm and typically 125 pm.
- Anhydrous nevirapine refers to the known unsolvated/unhydrated form of nevirapine, currently available commercially and described in US patent 5366972. For the purpose of this application, this form will be referred to as the original "Form-I" polymorph of nevirapine. Nevirapine crystalline Form-ll and Form-Ill are described in both USA patent applications US 20050059653A1 and US20060183738A1.
- a first disadvantage experienced in the preparation of commercially available unsolvated/unhyd rated nevirapine is that the mean particle size of the raw material is relatively too large.
- the raw material therefore has to be ground or milled to obtain the preferred particle size that will allow for handling and processing. Usually this means reducing the mean particle size to 125 ⁇ or less.
- a disadvantage associated with the grinding or milling process is that the process generates heat, which may negatively affect heat-sensitive materials.
- Another disadvantage is that the process increases the number of high energy sites in the solid nevirapine particles and this factor may negatively affect the stability of the nevirapine end product.
- a further disadvantage of the grinding or milling process is that the equipment, set up, running and operational costs are relatively high.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel form (Form-IV) of nevirapine.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method of producing a particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine (Form-I).
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a medicament prepared in accordance with such a method with which the aforesaid disadvantages may be overcome or at least minimised.
- composition comprising a metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form- IV) of nevirapine.
- the metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine may exhibit an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least one characteristic peak at approximately 7.1° to 7.5° two theta.
- the metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine may display a differential scanning calorimetry exothermic transition having an onset temperature in the range of between 70 degrees Celsius and 100 degrees Celsius.
- the metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine may display a derivative thermogravimetry trace as depicted in figure 2, having weight loss less than 2% prior to 200 degrees Celsius.
- the metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine displays x-ray diffraction pattern, as based on crystal structure, of 7.14, 11.37, 12.19, 13.05, 13.92, 14.31 , 15.18, 18.50, 18.96, 19.15, 19.86, 20.45, 21.50, 22.65, 23.03, 23.53, 23.83, 24.43, 24.73, 25.20, 25.91 , 26.99, 27.59, 28.04, 28.86, 32.25, 35.09, 36.18, 37.00, 37.40, 38.46, 38.80 ⁇ 2 degrees two theta.
- the metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine may display an experimental x-ray diffraction pattern: 7.52, 11.71 , 12.65, 13.49, 14.29, 14.61 , 15.49, 17.22, 17.68, 18.80, 19.48, 20.13, 20.78, 21.64, 21.75, 23.07, 23.34, 23.85, 24.64, 25.46, 26.01 , 26.92, 27.36, 27.90, 28.54, 28.96, 29.28, 30.17, 31.25, 32.64, 33.35, 34.09, 34.35, 34.80, 35.62, 36.34, 37.17, 37.75, 38.55 degrees two theta.
- the metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine may be in particulate form and the particles may have a mean maximum diameter of less than 125 pm.
- a method of producing a particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine including the steps of:
- the solvent is in the form of methanol.
- the maximum mean diameter of the transformed particulate anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine which forms may be less than 125 pm.
- the particle size distribution of the formed particulate anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine (Form-I) is within a relatively narrower range than anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine (Form-I) subjected to grinding/milling in accordance with prior art methods.
- the step of preparing a solution of anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine (Form-I) in methanol may include the further step of elevating the temperature of the methanol to within 10 degrees Celsius below the boiling point of methanol.
- the step of reducing the temperature of the solution may include the step of reducing the temperature at a rate of at least 50 degrees Celsius per hour.
- the step of reducing the temperature of the solution may include the step of stirring the solution whilst the temperature is reduced, rendering a metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV).
- the step of separating the metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form- IV) of nevirapine from the methanol solvent may include the step of removing the methanol by draining the methanol from the nevirapine and allowing any residual methanol to evaporate.
- the step of allowing the metastable unsolvated crystalline (Form-IV) to transform to particulate anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine (Form-I) may include the step of allowing the metastable unsolvated crystalline Form-IV to spontaneously disintegrate on removal of the methanol, to form a powder with a maximum mean particle size of less than 125 ym.
- a particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine prepared according to the second aspect of the invention.
- a medicament prepared from particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine (Form-I) prepared in accordance with the method of the second aspect of the invention.
- a pharmaceutically effective amount of particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine (Form-I) prepared in accordance with the method of the second aspect of the invention in a method of preparing a medicament for use in treating a patient suffering from opportunistic disease associated with immune deficiency conditions.
- a method of treating a patient suffering from an immune deficiency condition including the step of administering to such a patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine (Form-I) prepared in accordance with the method of the second aspect of the invention.
- a medicament prepared from particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine in accordance with the method of the second aspect of the invention, together with at least one inert pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluents in the dosage form selected from the group consisting of tablets; capsules; powders; solutions; syrups; suspensions; bolus injection; continuous infusion; powder for reconstitution; ointments; creams; gels; lotions; sprays; enemas; douche; pessary; transdermal patch; dermal patch and lozenges.
- figure 1 is a DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) trace of metastabie unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine according to one embodiment of the invention.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- Form-IV metastabie unsolvated crystalline form
- DSC Shimadzu DSC-60A (Japan) with TA60 version 2.11 software. Samples were weighed and heated in closed aluminium crucibles. Samples were heated at 10 K/min in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The DSC was calibrated with a known quantity of Indium.
- figure 2 is a DTG (derivative thermogravimetry) trace of said metastabie unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine.
- TGA Shimadzu DTG-60 (Japan) with TA60 version 2.11 software. Samples were heated from 25 degrees Celsius to 300 degrees Celsius at 10 K/min, in open aluminium crucibles. Nitrogen gas was used as inert atmosphere.
- figure 3 is a characteristic XRPD (x-ray powder diffraction pattern) of said metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine (top) and transformation to particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine (Form-I) according to another aspect of the invention over time at ambient temperature.
- figure 4 is a simulated XRPD pattern of said metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine computed using the single crystal x-ray structure of the isostructural ethanol solvate with the solvent contribution suppressed (Vertical axis: Relative intensity; Horizontal axis: 2 Theta (degrees)); figure 5: is an experimental XRPD pattern of a sample of metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine (Vertical axis: Intensity (CPS); Horizontal axis: 2 Theta (degrees)); are SEM (scanning electron microscope) images comparing the particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine (Form-I) prepared using the method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention (figures 10 and 11), to commercial raw materials obtained from suppliers (figures 10 and 11), to commercial raw materials obtained from suppliers (figures 10 and 11), to commercial raw materials obtained from suppliers
- Figures 6, 8 and 10 feature 1000x magnification and figures 7, 9 and 11 feature 4000x magnification.
- figure 12 depicts a proposed ball-and-stick representation and space-filling mode crystal structure representing metastabie unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine computed using the single crystal x-ray structure of the isostructural ethanol solvate with the solvent contribution suppressed.
- a method for producing a particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine includes the steps of preparing a solution of conventional (prior art) anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine (Form-I) in a solvent in the form of methanol; elevating the temperature of the solution to 10 degrees Celsius below the boiling point of methanol; reducing the temperature of the solution to crystallise the nevirapine in solution as a new metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine; separating the metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine from the methanol; and allowing the metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form- IV) of nevirapine to transform to particulate anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine (Form-I).
- the first step of the method is to prepare a solution of conventional anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine (Form-I) in methanol.
- a saturated solution of nevirapine was prepared in methanol.
- the nevirapine is added to methanol and the temperature is elevated to within 10 degrees Celsius below the boiling point of the methanol (approximately 50 ml methanol per 1 g nevirapine) whilst continuously stirring.
- the subsequent step of reducing the temperature of the solution includes the step of rapidly reducing the temperature of the solution, at a rate of at least 50 degrees Celsius per hour, by either refrigeration or by placing the container in ice-water, resulting in the crystallisation of the nevirapine in solution as a new metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine.
- the temperature of the solution may be reduced whilst continuously stirring the solution, resulting in the crystallisation of the nevirapine in solution as a new metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine.
- the crystalline Form-IV of nevirapine is separated from the methanol solvent by removing the methanol.
- the methanol is removed by draining it from the nevirapine and allowing any residual methanol to evaporate.
- the crystalline Form-IV is allowed to spontaneously disintegrate after removal (evaporation) of the methanol and to transform to particulate anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine (Form-I) powder.
- the maximum mean particle size of the particulate anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine (Form-I) powder that forms is less than 125 ⁇ (without any milling step) and that the particle size distribution thereof is within a relatively narrower range than that of conventional anhydrous unsolvated nevirapine subjected to grinding/milling in accordance with prior art methods.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the crystal structure of metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine.
- the cross-sectional area of the empty channel has maximum and minimum linear dimensions of ⁇ 3.5 and ⁇ 5.1 A, resulting in an abnormally low crystal density which renders the structure unstable.
- the novel unsolvated crystalline form of nevirapine (Form-IV) is characterised by its x-ray diffractogram.
- the metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine exhibits at least one characteristic peak at approximately 7.1 ° to 7.5° 2-theta in unsolvated form.
- the 2-theta values and the intensity percentages of the relevant peaks in the simulated and experimental x-ray powder diffraction pattern of metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively.
- Table 1 Simulated XRPD data derived from the pattern based on the structure of metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form-IV) of nevirapine
- the simulated XRPD pattern (figure 4) yields peaks which are essentially in one-to-one correspondence with those in the experimental XRPD pattern of Form-IV (figures 3 (top) and 5). This correspondence supports the predicted structure of Form-IV.
- Form-IV transforms to a particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine (Form-I).
- Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images (figures 6 to 11) compared the particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine (Form-I) prepared using the preferred method of the invention (figures 10 and 11), to commercial raw materials obtained from suppliers (figures 6 to 9).
- Particle sizing was used to demonstrate the particle characteristics of the particulate anhydrous unsolvated form of nevirapine (Form-I) obtained and found to conform to the British Pharmacopoeia's guidelines for "very fine powders" ( ⁇ 125 ⁇ ).
- Particulate unsolvated anhydrous form of nevirapine is formulated for administration in any convenient way and the invention includes within its scope pharmaceutical compositions comprising particulate unsolvated anhydrous form of nevirapine (Form-I) adapted for use in human or veterinary medicine.
- the pharmaceutical compositions are presented for use in a conventional manner with the aid of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient and may also contain, if required, other active ingredients.
- the particulate unsolvated anhydrous form of nevirapine (Form-I) are typically formulated for oral, buccal, topical or parenteral administration. Oral administration is the preferred dosage form, particularly in the form of tablets and capsules.
- the pharmaceutical composition for oral administration conveniently takes the form of tablets, capsules, powders, solutions, syrups or suspensions prepared by conventional means with acceptable excipients.
- Buccal administration compositions take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
- the particulate unsolvated anhydrous form of nevirapine is further formulated for parenteral administration by bolus injection or continuous infusion.
- Formulations for injection are presented in unit dosage forms in ampoules, or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
- the compositions further take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilising and/or dispersing agents.
- the active ingredient is in powder form for reconstitution with a suitable vehicle.
- the particulate unsolvated anhydrous form of nevirapine (Form-I) is yet further formulated in topical applications, comprising ointments, creams, gels, lotions, powders, transdermal patches, dermal patches or sprays prepared in a conventional manner.
- the particulate unsolvated anhydrous form of nevirapine (Form-I) is yet further formulated in rectal and vaginal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
- a convenient daily dosage regime of particulate unsolvated anhydrous form of nevirapine is currently 1 to 2 doses to the total of 100mg to 400mg per day for adults and 2mg to 7mg per kilogram for children, dependent upon the condition of the patient.
- the particulate unsolvated anhydrous form of nevirapine (Form-I) prepared in accordance with the method of the present invention is formulated into a medicament and used in a method of treating a patient suffering from an immune deficiency condition by administering to such a patient a pharmaceutically effective amount thereof of 1 to 2 doses to the total of 100mg to 400mg per day for adults and 2mg to 7mg per kilogram for children, dependent upon the condition of the patient.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2010800612262A CN102725293A (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2010-12-14 | A polymorph form of nevirapine and its preparation |
DE112010004862T DE112010004862T5 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2010-12-14 | Polymorphic form of nevirapine and its preparation |
BR112012014762A BR112012014762A2 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2010-12-14 | polymorphic form of nevirapine and its preparation |
ZA2012/04410A ZA201204410B (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2012-06-15 | A polymorph form of nevirapine and its preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200908990 | 2009-12-17 | ||
ZA2009/08990 | 2009-12-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2011073907A1 true WO2011073907A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
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ID=43795151
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IB2010/055808 WO2011073907A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2010-12-14 | A polymorph form of nevirapine and its preparation |
Country Status (5)
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CN (1) | CN102725293A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012014762A2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE112010004862T5 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011073907A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201204410B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130039987A1 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2013-02-14 | North-West University | Method for increasing the solubility of a transcriptase inhibitor composition |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5366972A (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1994-11-22 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido(3,2-B:2',3'-E)(1,4)diazepines and their use in the prevention or treatment of HIV infection |
WO1999009990A1 (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-03-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical suspension comprising nevirapine hemihydrate |
US20050059653A1 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2005-03-17 | Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited | Novel crystalline forms of 11-cyclopropyl-5,11-dihydro-4-methyl-6H-dipyrido [3,2-b: 2',3'-e][1,4] diazepin-6-one (nevirapine) |
WO2007010352A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited | An improved process for industrial manufacture of nevirapine |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4403311C1 (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1995-04-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Process for the preparation of nevirapine (11-cyclopropyl-5,11-dihydro-4-methyl-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4-d iazepin]-6-one) |
UA80140C2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2007-08-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim Chemicals | Improved method of making nevirapine, intermediate (variants) |
-
2010
- 2010-12-14 WO PCT/IB2010/055808 patent/WO2011073907A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-12-14 BR BR112012014762A patent/BR112012014762A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-12-14 DE DE112010004862T patent/DE112010004862T5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-12-14 CN CN2010800612262A patent/CN102725293A/en active Pending
-
2012
- 2012-06-15 ZA ZA2012/04410A patent/ZA201204410B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5366972A (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1994-11-22 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido(3,2-B:2',3'-E)(1,4)diazepines and their use in the prevention or treatment of HIV infection |
WO1999009990A1 (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-03-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical suspension comprising nevirapine hemihydrate |
US20050059653A1 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2005-03-17 | Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited | Novel crystalline forms of 11-cyclopropyl-5,11-dihydro-4-methyl-6H-dipyrido [3,2-b: 2',3'-e][1,4] diazepin-6-one (nevirapine) |
US20060183738A1 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2006-08-17 | Reguri Buchi R | Crystalline forms of nevirapine |
WO2007010352A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited | An improved process for industrial manufacture of nevirapine |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130039987A1 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2013-02-14 | North-West University | Method for increasing the solubility of a transcriptase inhibitor composition |
US9273049B2 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2016-03-01 | North-West University | Method for increasing the solubility of nevirapine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ZA201204410B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
CN102725293A (en) | 2012-10-10 |
BR112012014762A2 (en) | 2016-03-29 |
DE112010004862T5 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
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