WO2011071414A1

WO2011071414A1 - Device for the electrochemical treatment of water or aqueous solutions

Info

Publication number: WO2011071414A1
Application number: PCT/RU2010/000706
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Викентиевич ВИНОГРАДОВ; Светлана Юрьевна ВИНОГРАДОВА
Original assignee: Vinogradov Vladimir Vikentievich; Vinogradova Svetlana Yurievna
Priority date: 2009-12-10
Filing date: 2010-11-29
Publication date: 2011-06-16
Also published as: ES2401448A2; ES2401448B1; ES2401448R1

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of the electrochemical treatment of water and/or aqueous salt solutions with the aim of changing the oxidative, reduction and structural properties thereof. The device comprises an internal electrode 1 in the form of a cylindrically shaped rod with end axial passages 2 and 3. A hollow cylindrical (tubular) external electrode 4 is mounted coaxially with respect to the internal electrode 1. A semipermeable diaphragm 5 is mounted between the electrodes coaxially with respect thereto, said diaphragm dividing the annular cavity into an internal chamber 6 and external chamber 7. The external chamber 7 has input and output connecting pieces 8 and 9, respectively, which are fixed radially on the external electrode 4 and communicate with the chamber 7 via an opening in said electrode. The internal chamber 6 has axial input and output connecting pieces (connecting pipes) 10 and 11 with internal axial openings 12 and 13, respectively. The end axial passages 2 and 3 communicate with the internal chamber 6 with the aid of passages 15, the axes of which are oriented in radial planes. The device is closed at both ends by end covers 16, 17 which are identical to each other.

Description

DEVICE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER OR AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of electrochemical treatment of water and / or aqueous solutions of salts with the aim of changing their oxidizing, reducing and structural properties. The invention can be used for purification, disinfection, structuring and conditioning of water, cathodic softening of water, as well as for disinfecting, washing, sterilizing, preserving, bleaching, preventive, therapeutic solutions and solutions that eliminate odors.

State of the art

Known flow-through electrochemical modular element PEM-4 for liquid processing [RF patent 2145940, publ. 02/27/2000], which includes an inner rod electrode, an outer electrode, a partition dividing the cavity into an inner and outer chamber, each of which has an inlet and an outlet pipe that are fixed to the end dielectric bushings of the same design for both ends. The device was assembled using bolts screwed into the ends of the internal electrode. The supply and removal of the processed fluid is carried out by lateral radially fixed nozzles, which causes the need for additional supply with using bent pipes (elbow bends) to install the device in a linear highway. This determines the main disadvantage of the device.

As a prototype of the selected device for the electrolytic treatment of water [RF patent 2132821, publ. 07/10/1999]. The vertical flow electrolyzer incorporates an internal hollow (tubular) electrode, an external electrode and a partition dividing the annular cavity into the inner and outer chambers. At both ends of the device there is a dielectric sleeve, which is closed by a dielectric block, made similar to a union nut. The supply and removal of the processed fluid to the inner chamber is carried out by axial nozzles - fittings that are screwed onto the end parts of the inner electrode. At the same time, these fittings are fasteners between which all internal elements are clamped through dielectric bushings. The design of the prototype allows you to mount a flowing electrolyzer in a linear line of the processed fluid without the use of elbow bends. One of the design flaws is the fragility of the internal electrode. This is because there are through holes in the thin wall of the inner tubular electrode through which the electrode cavity communicates with the inner electrolysis chamber. Electrolyzers usually use two types of electrodes: metal with a coating of metals of the platinum-iridium group or graphite. When performing an electrode of metal, the presence of holes violates the integrity a protective coating on the inner electrode, which leads to electrochemical corrosion of the electrode housing when it is in contact with an aggressive environment. When performing an internal electrode of graphite, the presence of holes in the wall of the tube increases the fragility of the electrode. In both cases, the service life of the internal electrode is significantly reduced in comparison with the rod electrodes. In addition, in the prototype, the input and output nozzles of the internal electrode are connected directly by the axial channel. This reduces the efficiency of the device, because not all liquid enters the working chamber.

Thus, there is a technical contradiction: some devices are reliable, but have an excessive number of structural elements - separately for supplying / discharging fluids and separately fixing elements, for example end bolts; other devices, such as a prototype, are comparatively simpler because they have elements combining the functions of fasteners and fluid inlet / outlet, but such devices have a limited service life and require frequent replacement of internal electrodes. In addition, they are not effective enough.

Disclosure of invention

The basis of the invention is the task to solve the contradiction and create a new effective device for the electrochemical treatment of water or aqueous solutions. Achievable technical result - increased reliability (long-term operation of the device without replacing the internal electrode) while maintaining the possibility of coaxial connection to the processed fluid line without using elbow bends (direct connection).

The claimed device for the electrochemical treatment of water or aqueous solutions includes end caps, an outer tubular electrode, inside of which an inner electrode is coaxially located. The annular cavity between the electrodes is divided by a coaxial semipermeable diaphragm (membrane) into the inner chamber and the outer chamber. Each chamber is equipped with an inlet and outlet nozzle, while the inlet and outlet nozzles of the inner chamber are made axial, connected to the inner electrode by a threaded connection and fix the position of the end caps. The chambers are sealed with O-rings. The device differs from the prototype in that the internal electrode is made of a rod electrode, axial channels for the inlet and / or outlet of the liquid are made at its ends. These channels, open on the side of the end of the electrode, communicate with the nozzles of the inner chamber, and on the opposite side, communicate with the inner chamber using channels whose axes are located in radial planes.

The device may include an end gasket in the form of a disk with a shoulder buried in the external working chamber. An embodiment of the invention

In more detail the essence of the invention is illustrated by the example of implementation described below and is illustrated by Figure 1, which shows a longitudinal section of the device. In the described example, the assignment of pipes, fittings, etc. to input and output - conditionally, since the system is reversible. The same remark applies to the separation of the electrodes into the cathode and anode.

The device contains an internal electrode 1 in the form of a rod of cylindrical shape with end axial channels 2,3. Coaxially to the inner electrode 1, a hollow cylindrical (tubular) outer electrode 4 is installed. Between the electrodes, a semi-permeable diaphragm (membrane) 5 is installed coaxially between the electrodes, dividing the annular cavity into the inner chamber 6 and the outer chamber 7. The outer chamber 7 has an inlet and an outlet pipe 8 and 9, respectively which are radially mounted on the outer electrode 4 and communicate with the camera 7 through the holes in this electrode.

The inner chamber 6 has an axial inlet and outlet nozzles (fittings) 10 and 1 1 with internal axial holes 12 and 13, respectively. The fittings have an internal thread and are screwed onto the end parts of the internal electrode 1, which have a smaller diameter than the electrode itself and are provided with a thread 14 on the outer surface. The end axial channels 2,3 communicate with the inner chamber 6 using channels 15, the axes of which are oriented in radial planes. The axis of the channels 15 may be perpendicular to the axis of the device, but can be oriented towards it at an angle.

The device at both ends is closed by end caps 16, 17 identical to each other. The caps 16, 17 are fixed by screwing the fittings 10, 1 1 onto the ends of the inner electrode 1. Between the nozzle 10 and the outer surface of the cover 16, a current-supplying electrode 18 is clamped. The second current-supplying electrode 19 is mounted on the outer electrode 4. The tightness of the device as a whole is achieved by means of o-rings 20, which are installed under the covers 16, 17 and above them. To prevent direct flow of liquids between chambers 6 and 7, o-rings can also be installed. However, sealing with end gaskets is more effective, each of which is made in the form of a disk 21 with a shoulder buried in the outer chamber 7, that is, entering the gap between the outer electrode 4 and the diaphragm (membrane) 5.

The operation of the device is illustrated by the following examples, in which the current is supplied in such a way that the inner electrode is the anode and the outer electrode is the cathode. The processed fluid is supplied to the pipe 10, from the pipe

1 1 - treated liquid with acidic or alkaline properties is discharged, depending on the polarity of the electrode connection. Depending on what properties the solution needs to be obtained, water and / or various saline solutions are supplied to the device. The pipe 8 is designed to supply a processing fluid, for example, saline, pipe 9 - for removal of saline with alkaline or acidic properties, depending on the polarity of the connection of the electrodes. Pipes 8 and 9 can be combined into a single external closed loop (with replenishment of the active substance).

Example 1

In the anode or only in the cathode chamber of the diaphragm electrochemical device, water or salt solutions are treated. To obtain an electroactivated solution with acidic or alkaline properties, a solution of sodium chloride or other solutions of salts are supplied to the pipe 10. Through the hole 2 and channels 15, the solution enters the inner electrode chamber 6. Voltage is applied to the electrodes. Under pressure, the solution (ions), through a semipermeable diaphragm 5, enters the external electrode chamber 7. During operation of the device, two oppositely charged ion flows form on the external and internal surfaces of the diaphragm 5, a potential difference arises between the flows, which leads to an increase in the electric field strength diaphragm, as a result, the mobility of ions in the pores of the diaphragm increases and the electrical resistance of the device decreases. The result is an electroactivated solution - with acidic or alkaline properties, depending on the polarity of the electrodes, which is discharged through channels 15, 3 and pipe 1 1. Through pipe 8 can also be supplied 1% sodium chloride solution.

Example 2

To obtain a disinfectant solution through the pipe 10 serves water, which enters the inner electrode chamber 6, as described above. At the same time, a concentrated solution of sodium chloride is supplied through the pipe 8, which circulates in an external closed loop passing through the external electrode chamber 7. Water entering the internal (anode) chamber, under the influence of redox processes in both chambers, is saturated with hypochlorous acid ions , short-lived oxygen radicals, a small amount of ozone and chlorine dioxide due to the migration of ions from the external (cathode) electrode chamber and is discharged through pipe 1 1 in the form of zinfitsiruyuschego solution.

Example 3

To obtain a disinfectant solution, a 1-33% sodium chloride solution is supplied through the pipe 8, which enters the external cathode chamber, then the solution exits the pipe 9 and through the pipe 10 enters the internal electrode chamber. The solution entering the internal (anode) electrode chamber under the influence of redox processes occurring in both chambers is saturated with hypochlorous acid ions, short-lived oxygen radicals, a small amount of ozone and chlorine dioxide due to migration of ions from external (anode) electrode chamber and is discharged through the pipe 1 1 in the form of a disinfectant solution.

Example 4 For the treatment of drinking water through the pipe 8, water is supplied from the water supply, which enters the external cathode chamber, then the water exits the pipe 9 and through the nozzle 10 enters the internal electrode chamber. Water entering the inner (anode) electrode chamber under the influence of redox processes occurring in both chambers is disinfected, changes the redox potential and is discharged through nozzle 1 1 in the form of clean drinking water.

The examples given do not exhaust the scope of the claimed device, since depending on the solutions used and the polarity of the electrodes it is possible to obtain electroactivated solutions with acidic or alkaline properties, depending on the polarity of the connection of the electrodes. The device can also be used for disinfecting water, changing the redox potential of water, cathodic softening of water and other purposes.

A device made according to the invention has been tested by known methods. The table shows the performance of his work. Table

As can be seen from Figure 1 and the above description, the device has axial nozzles for supplying / discharging the processed fluid, which allows it to be connected directly to the line without the use of additional adapters - elbow bends. The same axial nozzles (fittings) are simultaneously fasteners, since as bolts are wound onto the end parts of the internal electrodes, clamping electrodes between end caps. The covers are made identical at both ends. The implementation of the inner electrode rod, and not tubular increases the reliability of the device, as well as its effectiveness, because does not allow liquid to pass through the electrode directly, as a result of which all incoming liquid is fully processed.

With this design and when the channels are run at an angle to the axis of the device, stagnant zones and turbulent turbulence at the inlet / outlet of the inner chamber are not formed. The use of a disk end gasket increases the tightness and simplifies the assembly of the device.

Claims

Claim

1. A device for the electrochemical treatment of water or aqueous solutions, comprising end caps, an external tubular electrode, inside of which an inner electrode is coaxially located, the annular cavity between them is divided by a coaxial semipermeable diaphragm into an inner chamber and an outer chamber, each of which is provided with an input and outlet nozzles, while the inlet and outlet nozzles of the inner chamber are made axial, connected to the inner electrode using a threaded connection and fix end caps, and the chambers are sealed with O-rings, characterized in that the inner electrode is made of a rod, axial channels for entering and / or exiting fluid are made at its ends, these channels open from the side of the electrode end are in communication with the internal nozzles cameras, and on the opposite side - communicate with the internal camera using channels whose axes are located in radial planes.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an end gasket in the form of a disk with a shoulder buried in the external chamber.