WO2011069305A1 - 一种led灯具及使用该led灯具的路灯 - Google Patents

一种led灯具及使用该led灯具的路灯 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011069305A1
WO2011069305A1 PCT/CN2009/075830 CN2009075830W WO2011069305A1 WO 2011069305 A1 WO2011069305 A1 WO 2011069305A1 CN 2009075830 W CN2009075830 W CN 2009075830W WO 2011069305 A1 WO2011069305 A1 WO 2011069305A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
led
light
led lamp
reflector
leds
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/075830
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王镇
Original Assignee
Wang Zhen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wang Zhen filed Critical Wang Zhen
Priority to EP09813813.4A priority Critical patent/EP2511605A4/en
Priority to US12/678,866 priority patent/US8419215B2/en
Priority to US12/869,326 priority patent/US8465173B2/en
Publication of WO2011069305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011069305A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/08—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
    • F21S8/085—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light
    • F21S8/086—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light with lighting device attached sideways of the standard, e.g. for roads and highways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
    • F21V29/76—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades with essentially identical parallel planar fins or blades, e.g. with comb-like cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/103—Outdoor lighting of streets or roads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F21Y2105/12—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements characterised by the geometrical disposition of the light-generating elements, e.g. arranging light-generating elements in differing patterns or densities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp and a street lamp using the same, belonging to the technical field of illumination.
  • LED Light Emitting Diode
  • the high-pressure sodium lamp or metal halide lamp has a luminous efficacy of 60 to 801 m/W and a life of about 6000 hours.
  • LED lamps have a luminous efficacy of 100 to 1201 m/W, a life expectancy of over 25,000 hours, and no harmful metallic mercury.
  • semiconductor technology the performance of these aspects is constantly improving. Therefore, in recent years, environmentally-friendly and energy-saving LED lighting fixtures have gradually become popular in the market.
  • the existing LED lighting fixtures mainly have two forms of implementation: one is to place the LED light source (hereinafter referred to as LED) in the traditional light fixture; the other is to evenly arrange the LED, and use a partial reflector or a partial lens for light control .
  • LED LED light source
  • these two implementations still fail to overcome the shortcomings of traditional lighting fixtures. These defects include: First, poor illumination directionality. The area of the illumination is not obvious, that is to say, it is not needed. In the case where the same luminous flux is generated, the brightness of the area to be irradiated is lowered. Second, the brightness is uneven, resulting in a close-up bright, long-distance dark phenomenon.
  • the illumination in the farther area is not up to standard, or the illumination from the closer area is much higher than the standard. Because the illumination distribution is not uniform, in order to achieve the illumination standard between the two sides of the road and the adjacent two lamps, the design has to use a higher power, higher luminous flux source to meet the illumination requirements of the dark area, resulting in A waste of electrical energy. Third, the phenomenon of glare cannot be eliminated. The so-called glare phenomenon means that when people observe a certain visual object, if there is a dazzling luminous point in the field of view, it will affect the observation effect and make people feel uncomfortable. Fourth. The heat dissipation problem has not been solved.
  • the primary technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel LED lamp.
  • This LED luminaire has excellent light directivity and uniform brightness, which eliminates glare and provides excellent heat dissipation.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a street lamp using the above LED lamp.
  • An LED lamp comprising a substrate for mounting an LED, a reflector, a heat sink, a mounting bracket, a power supply and an upper cover, wherein the substrate and the reflector are mounted on the heat sink, wherein: the substrate has an installation a concentrating cup around the illuminating surface of the LED, the concentrating cup having a curved wall that collects the light emitted by the LED to a certain angle range by the first reflection condensing;
  • the reflector has a curved surface that condenses and condenses light that is reflected and concentrated by the curved wall.
  • the heat sink has a plurality of heat dissipating fins arranged in a horizontal direction, and the heat dissipating fins extend in a direction perpendicular to the ground.
  • the curved wall has a shape that gathers light from the LED to a range of 0 degrees to a degrees, where a is any angle less than 60 degrees.
  • the lower end of the curved wall reflects the incident light emitted by the LED and reflects it as a light having an angle of a degree with the zero-degree line; the upper end of the curved wall gives the LED a greater than or equal to a degree The incident ray is reflected and reflected as light parallel to the zero-degree line.
  • the curved surface of the reflector has a vertical curvature that reflects light of a plurality of LEDs in a vertical direction to a first predetermined range, and the number of LEDs distributed in the first predetermined range and the LEDs in the vertical direction The ratio of the number is proportional to the square of the distance from the LED.
  • the curved surface of the reflector has a horizontal curvature that reflects light of a plurality of LEDs in a horizontal direction to a second predetermined range, and the ratio of the number of LEDs distributed to the number of LEDs in the horizontal direction in the second predetermined range It is proportional to the square of the distance from the LED.
  • the substrate, the reflector and the heat sink are respectively disposed at two sides symmetrically on the two sides of the LED lamp, wherein the heat sink is installed on the outer side, the substrate is installed in the middle, and the reflector is Installed on the inside.
  • the LED lamp provided by the invention has excellent illumination directivity, uniform brightness, glare elimination and excellent heat dissipation performance.
  • the LED lamp has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a street lamp using an LED lamp in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an LED lamp provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a collecting cup of the LED lamp shown in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view showing the structure of a reflector of the LED lamp shown in Fig. 2.
  • the LED lamp provided by the present invention is installed on a street lamp with a height of H meters (H is a natural number, the same below), and is used for road lighting. It can be understood that the LED lamp can also be installed on other indoor and outdoor lighting equipment, such as stadium lighting, square lighting, landscape lights, and the like. The structure of the LED lamp will be described below by taking only the street lamp as an example.
  • the illumination range of the street lamp is centered on the street lamp, and the length along the long direction of the road is 3. 0H meters (that is, the starting position is the line segment e, the ending position point is the line segment f), and the length in the width direction is 1H.
  • the range of meters (the starting position is the line segment g and the ending position point is the line segment h). Because the LED luminaire is symmetrical in the long direction of the road, the left part of the street lamp is omitted here. Only the right part of the street lamp is discussed, that is, along the long direction of the road, the right side of the street lamp is 1. 5H meters wide and 1H wide.
  • the degree of attenuation of the light is proportional to the square of the illumination distance, the farther the center of the light source of the departure lamp is, the smaller the brightness is at the same illumination intensity.
  • the brightness at the near point A approximately 1 unit
  • the brightness at the far point B of the distance light 1. 5H meters is about 0.33 units.
  • three times the luminous flux (light intensity) at the near point A is required at the far point B.
  • the light intensity at any point within the illumination range of the LED luminaire can be known.
  • the LED lamp according to the directional characteristics of the LED, through the first reflection concentrating, changing the divergence angle of the light source, and then through the second reflection concentrating, to achieve the required Light control effect.
  • the LED lamp includes a substrate 1, a reflector 2, a heat sink 3, a mounting bracket 4, a power source 5, and an upper cover 6.
  • the substrate 1 further includes a collecting cup 11, and the mounting bracket 4 includes a front plug 41, a fixing plate 42, and a rear plug 43.
  • a plurality of LEDs 10 are arranged in a row on the substrate 1, and a collecting cup 11 is placed on the outside of each of the LEDs 10.
  • the concentrating cup 11 may be a separate structure from the substrate 1, or may be a unitary structure.
  • the inner wall of the concentrating cup 11 i.e., the curved wall
  • the concentrating principle of the concentrating cup 11 will be described in detail later.
  • the overall shape of the reflector 2 is similar to that of the box, and has a certain rigidity and stability.
  • the reflecting cover 2 has a curved surface 21, a positioning mounting hole 22, and a light exit opening 23 for illuminating the outside of the reflecting cover 2.
  • the positioning mounting hole 22 and the light exit opening 23 are respectively located on both sides of the curved surface 21.
  • the positioning mounting hole 22 is provided at the edge of the reflecting cover 2 for directly connecting the substrate 1, and the positional accuracy of the substrate 1 can be effectively ensured, so that the position of the light emitted from the light source LED 10 to the reflecting cover 2 does not deviate.
  • the curvature of the curved surface 21 is determined according to the range of illumination required by the LED luminaire and the light control requirements for uniform illumination. Specifically, the curved surface 21 has a vertical curvature that reflects the light rays of the M LEDs in the quasi-vertical direction to the near point A of the long direction of the road to the far point B of the long direction of the road, where the length of the road corresponds to each other in the longitudinal direction of the road.
  • the ratio of the number of LEDs allocated to the total number of LEDs in the quasi-vertical direction ie, M
  • the curved surface 21 has N LEDs that will be in the quasi-horizontal direction.
  • the light of the luminaire is reflected to the horizontal curvature of the near point C in the width direction of the road to the far point D in the width direction of the road, wherein the number of LEDs distributed to the direction of the road width and the total number of LEDs in the quasi-horizontal direction (ie, N)
  • the ratio is proportional to the square of the distance from the LED.
  • M and N are natural numbers, and their size should meet the requirements of light control precision and brightness.
  • the LED luminaire needs to illuminate the range from A to B, and the reflector 2 is to reflect light from 4n (n is a natural number, the same below) LED in series.
  • n is a natural number, the same below
  • the surface 21 reflects the light from the top n LEDs to A, and Light from the other 3n LEDs is reflected to B.
  • the illumination intensity is equal, that is, the brightness is uniform throughout the illumination range.
  • the radiator 3 also serves as a support. It has a plurality of heat dissipating teeth 31 arranged in the horizontal direction.
  • the heat dissipating fins 31 extend in a direction perpendicular to the ground. After the air around the radiator 3 is heated, it moves upward due to the decrease in density. Since the arrangement of the heat dissipating fins 31 in the heat sink 3 coincides with the direction in which the air rises, the cycle distance is short, the heat exchange is fast, and the heat dissipation efficiency is high.
  • the front plug 41 on the mounting bracket 4 is used for mounting the fixing plate on the one hand and for decoration on the other hand.
  • the fixing plate 42 is used to mount the power source 5.
  • the rear plug 43 serves as a support for mounting the fixing plate with the front plug 41 on the one hand and the two reflective closing members for the left and right symmetry by the heat sink 3 (further description).
  • the LED luminaire is mounted on the pole by a light bar attachment mechanism on the rear plug 43.
  • the collecting cup 11 is mounted around the illuminated surface of the LED 10, and then the substrate 1 and the collecting cup 11 are mounted on the heat sink 3, and together with the reflecting cover 2 and the light transmitting plate constitute a reflective closing assembly.
  • the two reflective closure assemblies are symmetrically mounted on the rear plug 43 by respective heat sinks.
  • the front plugs are respectively mounted on the two left and right symmetrical heat sinks through the mounting holes on both sides, and the fixed plate 42 is mounted on the front plug and the rear. Plug on the head. g ⁇ , the substrate 1, the reflector 2 and the heat sink 3 are respectively provided in two, and are symmetrically mounted on the rear plug 43 by a heat sink, and the substrate 1 is outside the reflector 2, and the heat sink 3 is outside the substrate 1.
  • the upper middle portion of the fixing plate 42 is the power source 5, and the upper surface covers the upper cover 6.
  • the beam angle of the LED ranges from 90 to 120 degrees (the zero-degree line is the axis of symmetry). Since the luminous flux is mainly concentrated within 0 to 60 degrees, the luminous flux outside 60 degrees is small and negligible, so only the range of 0 to 60 degrees will be discussed here.
  • the luminous flux in a certain angular range close to 0 degrees is much larger than the luminous flux in the same angular range close to 60 degrees.
  • the luminous flux of 0 to 15 degrees accounts for about the total luminous flux (0 to 60 degrees).
  • the luminous flux is 50%, and the luminous flux of 45 to 60 degrees is only 15% of the total luminous flux. According to this characteristic, the LED lamp assumes that the light in the range of 0 to (!
  • degrees is within the range of direct illumination, and no reflection control is required; and it is necessary to perform reflection control on the light in the range of (! ⁇ 60 degrees) to make the range
  • the light inside is no longer directly shot in the original direction It is emitted in the direction of 0 to 00 degrees to achieve the purpose of collecting light.
  • This reflection concentrating process is performed by the collecting cup 11.
  • At least a portion of the inner wall of the collecting cup 11 is a curved wall. All of the light in the range of a ⁇ 60 degrees is irradiated onto the curved wall of the collecting cup 1 1 .
  • the lower end of the curved wall emits 60-degree incident light (indicated by line A in Fig. 3) of the LED 10, and is reflected along the reflection path B.
  • the angle between the line B and the zero-degree line is ⁇ degree ( ⁇ is less than 60 degrees).
  • the upper end of the curved wall reflects the incident light C emitted by the LED 10 slightly greater than or equal to ⁇ , and is emitted along the reflection path D, and the line D is almost parallel to the zero-degree line; similarly, the middle of the curved wall Part of the light emitted by the LED 10 between 60 and a degrees is reflected and correspondingly reflected to be emitted in a direction between a and 0 degrees.
  • the incident light between the range of ⁇ to 60 degrees is reflected by the collecting cup 11, and is reflected out in the range of 0 to a degrees, thereby controlling the light of 0 to 60 degrees to the light of 0 to a degree. , to achieve the purpose of gathering divergent rays.
  • the concentrating cup 11 realizes the first reflection concentrating.
  • All the light emitted from the collecting cup 11 is irradiated onto the entire reflecting curved surface of the reflecting cover 2 for accurate light control.
  • the function of the reflector 2 is to achieve a second reflection concentrating.
  • the light emitted by the uppermost LED is irradiated onto the curved surface 21 of the reflecting cover 2 by the condensing action of the collecting cup 11.
  • the luminous flux of each LED is A
  • the light of n LEDs is reflected by the corresponding area on the reflector 2, reaching point A (the distance from the LED is H), and the illumination intensity is k.
  • nA/H 2 (k is the proportional coefficient) ).
  • the light of the 3n LEDs is reflected by the corresponding area on the reflector to reach point B (the distance from the LED is 1. 5H), and the light intensity is k. (3nA) / [H 2 + (1. 5H) 2 ] ⁇ k nA/H 2 , it can be seen that the light intensity at both A and B is equal.
  • the number of LEDs distributed between point A and point B according to the above principle can ensure the light intensity in the AB direction (long direction of the road). Equally everywhere; similarly, it can also ensure that the light intensity in the direction of the road is equal, so as to achieve uniform illumination in a certain area.
  • the inner wall of the collecting cup 11 is very smooth and has a high reflectance, so the attenuation of light is small.
  • the LED lamp eliminates unreasonable glare and satisfies the use effect of the illumination environment, and has wide range in indoor and outdoor illumination. Application prospects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Description

一种 LED灯具及使用该 LED灯具的路灯 技术领域
本发明涉及一种 LED (发光二极管）灯具及使用该 LED灯具的路灯， 属于照明技术领域。
背景技术
在室外路面、 广场等广阔区域， 传统的照明灯具为高压钠灯或金属卤 化物灯。 高压钠灯或金属卤化物灯的光效为 60〜801m/W， 寿命在 6000小 时左右。 目前， LED灯具的光效为 100〜1201m/W， 寿命高达到 25000 小时 以上， 而且不含有害金属汞。 随着半导体技术的发展， 这些方面的性能还 在不断提高。 因此近几年来， 环保节能的 LED照明灯具开始逐渐在市场上 流行。
现有的 LED照明灯具主要有两种实现形式： 一种是将 LED光源 （以下 简称 LED ) 放置于传统灯具内； 另一种是将 LED均匀排布， 采用局部反射 罩或局部透镜进行控光。 但这两种实现形式仍然未能克服传统照明灯具的 缺陷。 这些缺陷包括： 第一.光照方向性差。 照射区域性不明显， 也就是 说照到了不需要的地方。 在产生同样光通量的情况下， 造成需要照射的区 域亮度下降。 第二.亮度不均匀， 造成了近距离亮、 远距离暗的现象。 要 么距离较远区域的照度不达标准， 要么距离较近区域的照度远远高于标 准。 因为光照分布不均匀， 为使道路两侧和相邻两灯之间的暗区达到照明 标准， 所以设计时不得不采用更大功率、 更高光通量的光源以满足暗区的 照度要求， 从而造成了电能的浪费。 第三.不能消除眩光现象。 所谓眩光 现象是指当人们观察某一视觉对象时， 如果视场中有一耀眼的发光点， 就 会影响观察效果， 而且会使人感到不舒适。 第四. 没有解决好散热问题。 目前 LED的能耗中约 80%以上转化为热量， 而半导体器件是不耐高温的， 如此多的 LED集中在相对小的空间， 持续积累的热量将使 LED芯片温度过 高。 如果不能将所产生的热量即时散掉， LED在高温下会发生光效和寿命 的严重下降。而目前的 LED灯具多将散热器水平放置，热对流的效果不好。
产生上述缺陷的根本原因在于，现有技术未能充分利用 LED的定向性 特点， 未能对 LED光线进行合理有效地控制且未能对 LED灯具进行有效的 散热。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的首要技术问题在于提供一种新型的 LED灯具。 该 LED 灯具具有优异的光照方向性， 亮度均匀， 能够消除眩光且散热性 能优异。
本发明所要解决的另外一个技术问题在于提供一种使用上述 LED 灯具的路灯。
为了实现上述的发明目的， 本发明采用下述的技术方案：
一种 LED灯具， 包括用于安装 LED的基板、 反射罩、 散热器、 安装 架、 电源和上盖， 所述基板和所述反射罩安装在散热器上， 其特征在于： 所述基板具有安装在 LED的发光面周围的聚光杯， 所述聚光杯具有通 过第一次反射聚光、 将所述 LED发射的光线聚拢到一定角度范围内的曲面 壁；
所述反射罩具有对经过所述曲面壁反射聚光的光线进行第二次反射 聚光的曲面。
其中， 所述散热器具有多个沿水平方向排列的散热齿片， 所述散热齿 片沿与地面垂直的方向延伸。
所述曲面壁具有将来自所述 LED的光线聚拢到 0度到 a度范围内的形 状， 其中 α为小于 60度的任意角。
所述曲面壁的下端对所述 LED发出的入射光线进行反射，将其反射为 与零度线的夹角为 a度的光线； 所述曲面壁的上端对所述 LED发出的大于 或等于 α度的入射光线进行反射， 将其反射为与零度线平行的光线。
所述反射罩的曲面具有将沿竖直方向的多个 LED的光线反射到第一预 定范围的竖直曲率， 所述第一预定范围内各处分配到的 LED数量与沿竖直 方向的 LED数量之比例与该处与 LED距离的平方成正比。
所述反射罩的曲面具有将沿水平方向的多个 LED的光线反射到第二预 定范围的水平曲率， 所述第二预定范围内各处分配到的 LED数量与沿水平 方向的 LED数量之比例与该处与 LED距离的平方成正比。
所述基板、 所述反射罩和所述散热器分别有两个， 对称地安装在所述 LED灯具的两侧， 其中所述散热器安装在外侧， 所述基板安装在中间， 所 述反射罩安装在内侧。
一种路灯， 其特征在于： 所述路灯使用上述的 LED灯具。
本发明所提供的 LED灯具具有优异的光照方向性、 亮度均匀、 能够 消除眩光并且散热性能优异。 该 LED灯具具备结构简单、 安装方便、 节能 环保等多方面的优点。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。
图 1是本发明中使用 LED灯具的路灯示意图。
图 2是本发明所提供的 LED灯具的结构示意图。
图 3是图 2所示的 LED灯具的聚光杯结构示意图。
图 4是图 2所示的 LED灯具的反射罩结构的放大示意图。
具体实施方式
如图 1所示， 本发明所提供的 LED灯具安装在高度为 H米的路灯 上 （H为自然数， 下同）， 用于路面照明。 可以理解， 本 LED灯具也可 以安装在其他的室内、外照明设备上，例如球场照明灯、广场照明设备、 景观灯等。 下面仅以路灯为例， 对本 LED灯具的结构进行说明。
参见图 1， 路灯的照明范围为以该路灯为中心， 沿马路的长方向上 长度为 3. 0H米 （即起始位置为线段 e， 终止位置点为线段 f)， 宽方向上 长度为 1H米 （即起始位置为线段 g， 终止位置点为线段 h ) 的范围。 因 为 LED灯具在马路长方向左右对称，所以在此处省略路灯左侧部分， 只 讨论路灯右侧部分， 即沿马路的长方向上， 路灯右侧长 1. 5H米、 宽 1H 米的范围。 由于光线的衰减程度与照射距离的平方成正比， 在同样的照射 强度下， 离路灯的光源中心越远， 亮度越小。 假设位于 LED灯具的正下方 的近点 A处 （近似认为是路灯所在位置） 的亮度为 1个单位， 那么距离路 灯 1. 5H米的远点 B处的亮度约为 0. 33个单位。 为了使 A处和 B处有同样 的亮度， 在远点 B处就需要 3倍于近点 A处的光通量 （光照强度）。 同理 可知在 LED灯具的照明范围内的任意一点的光照强度。 为了使在该照明范 围内的光照强度分布均匀， 需要在光源， 即 LED灯具上， 将光照强度按照 射距离进行分配， 并沿着一定方向反射到指定区域， 从而控制光线有效且 均匀地投射到所需区域。
为了满足上述的要求， 本 LED灯具根据 LED的定向特性， 通过第一 次反射聚光， 改变光源的发散角度， 再通过第二次反射聚光， 实现所要求 的控光效果。
下面结合图 2、 图 3和图 4， 对本 LED灯具进行详细说明。
如图 2所示，本 LED灯具包括基板 1、反射罩 2、散热器 3、安装架 4、 电源 5以及上盖 6。 其中， 基板 1上还包括聚光杯 11， 安装架 4上包括前 堵头 41、 固定板 42、 后堵头 43。
如图 3所示， 基板 1上排列安装有多个 LED 10， 在每个 LED 10的外 部罩有聚光杯 11。 聚光杯 11可以与基板 1为分离结构， 也可以是一体结 构。 聚光杯 11的内壁 （即曲面壁） 形状被设计为能够将 LED 10发出的光 线汇聚成光束角在一定范围的光线。 后文将详细说明聚光杯 11 的聚光原 理。
反射罩 2的整体形状类似箱体， 本身具有一定的刚性和稳定性。 该反 射罩 2具有曲面 21、 定位安装孔 22和用于将反射罩 2反射后的光线照射 到外部的光线出射口 23。 定位安装孔 22和光线出射口 23分别位于曲面 21的两侧。 定位安装孔 22设置在反射罩 2的边沿， 用于直接连接基板 1， 可以有效保证基板 1的位置精度， 进而使从光源 LED 10发出的光到反射 罩 2的位置不会偏离。
曲面 21的曲率根据 LED灯具需要照明的范围和均匀照射的控光要求 进行确定。 具体而言， 该曲面 21具有将沿准竖直方向的 M个 LED的光线 反射到马路长方向的近点 A到马路长方向的远点 B范围的竖直曲率， 其中 对应马路长方向上各处分配到的 LED 的数量与沿准竖直方向的 LED 总量 (即 M个） 之比例与该处与 LED距离的平方成正比； 同理， 曲面 21具有 将沿准水平方向的 N个 LED灯具的光线反射到马路宽方向的近点 C到马路 宽方向的远点 D范围的水平曲率， 其中对应马路宽方向各处分配到 LED的 数量与沿准水平方向的 LED总量 （即 N个） 之比例与该处与 LED距离的平 方成正比。 上述的竖直曲率和水平曲率可以根据几何光学的基本原理计算 获得， 在此就不详细赘述了。 M、 N 为自然数， 其大小应该满足控光精度 和亮度要求。
如图 4所例， 假设 LED灯具需要照明从 A处到 B处的范围， 并且反射 罩 2要反射来自 4η个（n为自然数， 下同）串联的 LED的光线。前已述及， 为了使 A处和 B处有同样的亮度， 在远点 B处需要 3倍于近点 A处的光照 强度。 为此， 曲面 21将来自最上方的 n个 LED的光线反射到 A处， 并将 来自另外 3n个 LED的光线反射到 B处。 这样， 一方面保证光线能够覆盖 从 A处到 B处的整个区域， 而几乎不会照到其他不需要的区域， 确保良好 的光照方向性;另一方面也保证了 B处的光照强度与 A处的光照强度相等， 即在整个照明范围内亮度均匀。
散热器 3兼起支撑作用。它具有沿水平方向排列的多个散热齿片 31。 散热齿片 31沿与地面垂直的方向延伸。 在散热器 3周围的空气受热后， 因密度减小而向上运动。 由于散热器 3中的散热齿片 31 的排列与空气上 升方向一致， 因此循环路程短， 热交换快， 散热效率高。
安装架 4上的前堵头 41， 一方面用于安装固定板 42， 另一方面用于 装饰。 固定板 42用于安装电源 5。 后堵头 43起支撑作用， 一方面与前堵 头 41一起安装固定板 42， 另一方面通过散热器 3配合安装左右对称的两 个反光封闭组件 （后面有进一步的说明）。 LED灯具通过后堵头 43上的灯 杆连接机构安装在灯杆上。
在本 LED灯具中， 将聚光杯 11安装到 LED 10的照射面周围， 再将基 板 1和聚光杯 11安装在散热器 3上， 再与反射罩 2及透光板一起组成反 光封闭组件。 两个反光封闭组件通过各自的散热器对称安装在后堵头 43 上， 前堵头通过两侧的安装孔分别安装在左右对称的两个散热器上， 固定 板 42安装在前堵头与后堵头上。 g^， 基板 1、 反射罩 2和散热器 3分别有 两个， 通过散热器对称地安装在后堵头 43上， 并且基板 1在反射罩 2的 外侧， 散热器 3在基板 1的外侧。 固定板 42的上方中部位置是电源 5， 上 面覆盖上盖 6。 上述设计方案使本 LED灯具的整体结构简洁， 散热结构合 理， 外观圆弧过渡， 迎风面小， 在实际环境的应用中更加合理。
下面进一步说明聚光杯 11和反射罩 2的工作原理。
一般来说， LED的光束角范围在 90〜120度之间（以零度线为对称轴）。 因为光通量主要集中在 0〜60度以内， 60度以外的光通量很小， 可忽略不 计， 所以在此仅讨论 0〜60度的范围。 对于 LED而言， 接近 0度的某一角 度范围内的光通量远大于接近 60度的同一角度范围内的光通量， 举个例 子， 0〜15 度的光通量约占到总光通量 （0〜60 度的光通量） 的 50%， 而 45〜60度的光通量只占总光通量的 15%。 根据这一特性， 本 LED灯具假设 0〜(！度范围内的光是在直接照射的范围之内， 无需反射控制； 而需要对 (！〜 60度范围内的光进行反射控制，使该范围内的光不再沿原方向直接射 出， 而是沿 0〜00度的方向射出， 从而达到聚光的目的。 这一反射聚光过 程由聚光杯 11来完成。
聚光杯 11的内壁至少有一部分是曲面壁。 a〜60度范围的光线全部 照射到聚光杯 1 1的曲面壁上。 曲面壁的下端对 LED 10发出 60度入射光 线 （用图 3中的线 A表示） 进行反射， 将其沿反射路线 B射出， 线 B与零 度线的夹角为 α度（ α为小于 60度的一个任意角）；曲面壁的上端对 LED 10 发出的略大于或等于 α度入射光线 C进行反射， 将其沿反射路线 D射出， 线 D几乎与零度线平行； 类似的， 曲面壁的中间部分对 LED 10发出的介 于 60〜 a度之间的光进行反射， 将其对应反射为沿介于 a〜0度之间的方 向射出。这样， α〜60度范围之间的入射光线经聚光杯 11反射后， 在 0〜 a度范围内反射出去，从而将 0度〜 60度的光线控制为 0度到 α度范围内 的光线， 达到收拢发散光线的目的。 由此， 聚光杯 11 实现了第一次反射 聚光。
从聚光杯 11发出的所有的光都会照到反射罩 2的整个反射曲面上， 以进行准确控光。 其中反射罩 2的作用在于实现第二次反射聚光。 如图 4 所示， 最上方的 LED发出的光线， 经过聚光杯 11的聚光作用， 照射到反 射罩 2的曲面 21上。 假设每个 LED的光通量为 A， n个 LED的光线经反射 罩 2 上的对应区域反射， 到达 A 点 （与 LED 的距离为 H)， 光照强度为 k. nA/H2 (k为比例系数）。 3η个 LED的光线经反射罩上的对应区域反射， 到 达 B点 (与 LED的距离为 1. 5H ) , 光照强度为 k. (3nA) / [H2 + (1. 5H) 2 ] ^ k. nA/H2, 可见 A、 B两处的光强相等， 同样地， 在 A点到 B点之间按照上 述原则分配 LED的数量， 即可保证 AB方向 （马路长方向） 上的光强处处 相等； 同理， 也可保证马路宽方向上的光强处处相等， 从而达到在一定区 域内的均匀照射的效果。
聚光杯 11的内壁是非常光滑的， 反射率很高， 所以光的衰减很小。 另外， 由于没有光的直接照射和亮度的突变， 加上反射罩 2的控光角度设 计，本 LED灯具消除了不合理眩光，满足了光照环境的使用效果，在室内、 外照明中具有广泛的应用前景。
以上对本发明所提供的 LED灯具及使用该 LED灯具的路灯进行了详 细的说明。 对本领域的技术人员而言， 在不背离本发明实质精神的前提下 对它所做的任何显而易见的改动， 都将构成对本发明专利权的侵犯， 将承 担相应的法律责任。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种 LED灯具， 包括用于安装 LED的基板、 反射罩、 散热器、 安 装架、 电源和上盖， 所述基板和所述反射罩安装在散热器上， 其特征在于: 所述基板具有安装在 LED的发光面周围的聚光杯， 所述聚光杯具有通 过第一次反射聚光、 将所述 LED发射的光线聚拢到一定角度范围内的曲面 壁；
所述反射罩具有对经过所述曲面壁反射聚光的光线进行第二次反射 聚光的曲面。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的 LED灯具， 其特征在于：
所述散热器具有多个沿水平方向排列的散热齿片，所述散热齿片沿与 地面垂直的方向延伸。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的 LED灯具， 其特征在于：
所述曲面壁具有将来自所述 LED的光线聚拢到 0度到 a度范围内的形 状， 其中 α为小于 60度的任意角。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的 LED灯具， 其特征在于：
所述曲面壁的下端对所述 LED发出的入射光线进行反射，将其反射为 与零度线的夹角为 a度的光线； 所述曲面壁的上端对所述 LED发出的大于 或等于 α度的入射光线进行反射， 将其反射为与零度线平行的光线。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的 LED灯具， 其特征在于：
所述反射罩的曲面具有将沿竖直方向的多个 LED的光线反射到第一预 定范围的竖直曲率， 所述第一预定范围内各处分配到的 LED数量与沿竖直 方向的 LED数量之比例与该处与 LED距离的平方成正比。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的 LED灯具， 其特征在于：
所述反射罩的曲面具有将沿水平方向的多个 LED的光线反射到第二预 定范围的水平曲率， 所述第二预定范围内各处分配到的 LED数量与沿水平 方向的 LED数量之比例与该处与 LED距离的平方成正比。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的 LED灯具， 其特征在于：
所述基板、 所述反射罩和所述散热器分别有两个， 对称地安装在所述 LED灯具的两侧， 其中所述散热器安装在外侧， 所述基板安装在中间， 所 述反射罩安装在内侧。
8. 一种路灯， 其特征在于：
所述路灯使用如权利要求 1所述的 LED灯具。
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