WO2011069253A1 - Dispositif et procédé d'amélioration de l'efficacité de rayonnement d'une antenne à onde de fuite - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé d'amélioration de l'efficacité de rayonnement d'une antenne à onde de fuite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011069253A1
WO2011069253A1 PCT/CA2010/001947 CA2010001947W WO2011069253A1 WO 2011069253 A1 WO2011069253 A1 WO 2011069253A1 CA 2010001947 W CA2010001947 W CA 2010001947W WO 2011069253 A1 WO2011069253 A1 WO 2011069253A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power signal
leaky wave
wave antenna
radiated
radiated power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2010/001947
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English (en)
Inventor
Van-Hoang Nguyen
Armin Parsa
Christophe Caloz
Samer Abielmona
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Corporation De L'ecole Polytechnique De Montreal
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corporation De L'ecole Polytechnique De Montreal filed Critical Corporation De L'ecole Polytechnique De Montreal
Priority to US13/512,635 priority Critical patent/US9124005B2/en
Priority to EP20100835338 priority patent/EP2510578B1/fr
Publication of WO2011069253A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011069253A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave

Definitions

  • the present relates to leaky wave antennas, and more particularly to a device and a method for improving leaky wave antenna radiation efficiency.
  • LWA Leaky Wave Antenna
  • Figure 1 depicts a conventional LWA circuit as known in the prior art.
  • Conventional LWA circuits include an input (VI) for generating an input power, a matching resistance ( 3 ⁇ 4), the LWA of length /, and a termination load ZL
  • the input such as for example a transmitter, provides the input power, of which a portion is leaked out during its propagation along the LWA.
  • the leaked-out power is usually referred to as the radiated power.
  • the remaining power i.e. the difference between the input power and the radiated power, is absorbed by the termination load, and is referred to as the non-radiated power.
  • the LWA has a complex propagation constant ⁇ which follows the equation
  • - ⁇ is a phase constant with a value -k 0 ⁇ ⁇ k 0, and
  • the attenuation constant a represents the leakage of radiated signals and therefore controls radiation efficiency ⁇ of the LWA.
  • the LWA's radiation efficiency is provided by the following equation: Prad PI - PL - PI ,,oss .,-2 £
  • - P L is the non-radiated power lost in the termination load
  • the radiation efficiency ⁇ of the LWA directly depends on the attenuation constant and length of the LWA.
  • the physical length of the LWA must be sufficiently long to allow leaking out of sufficient transmitted power before reaching the termination load.
  • the LWA may have to be longer than 10 wavelengths. Such a length is not practical at low frequencies, and for such reasons, most practical and finite size LWA suffer from low radiation efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is schematic representation of a prior art Leaky Wave Antenna.
  • Figure 2 is a flow diagram of a method for improving radiation efficiency of a leaky wave antenna in accordance with a general aspect.
  • Figure 3 is a flow diagram of other aspects of the present method.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram of a device for improving radiation efficiency of a leaky wave antenna.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of an aspect of the device for improving radiation efficiency of a leaky wave antenna.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram of another aspect of the present device for improving radiation efficiency of a leaky wave antenna.
  • Figure 7 is a chart depicting theoretical power-recycling gain versus radiation efficiency ⁇ of an open-loop LWA for the present device and method.
  • Figure 8 represents normalized admittances a and b of a rat-race coupler 610.
  • Figures 9 shows simulated and measured dissipated power ratio, including radiation and loss power of an open-loop LWA.
  • Figure 10 shows simulated and measured dissipated power ratio, including radiation and loss power of aspects of the present devices.
  • the inset shows simulated steady-state current distribution indicating minimum power loss in the termination load.
  • Figure 1 1 illustrates the fabricated prototype of an aspect of the present device.
  • Figure 12 summarizes the simulated and measured performances of open-loop and aspects of the present devices.
  • Figure 13 provides a perspective view of a power-recycling device in accordance with an aspect.
  • Figure 14 represents a prototype in accordance with an aspect of the present device and method.
  • Figure 15 represents simulated and measured results of the prototype of Figure 14.
  • Figure 16 depicts simulated and measured radiation patterns for the prototype of Figure 14 in a xz-plane cut at broadside.
  • Figure 17 depicts simulated and measured radiation patterns for the prototype of Figure 14 in a yz-plane cut at broadside.
  • the present relates to a method and device for improving radiation efficiency of a leaky wave antenna.
  • the method collects non-radiated power signal by the leaky wave antenna, and performs a passive operation on the non-radiated power signal to generate a modified power signal.
  • the method further radiates the modified power signal.
  • the passive operation is one of the following: adding the non-radiated power signal to an input of the leaky wave antenna, or recycling the non-radiated power signal by dividing the non-radiated power signal in two concurrent non-radiated power signals and radiating the two concurrent non-radiated signals by complimentary leaky wave antennas.
  • the passive operation comprises adding the non-radiated power signal to an input of the leaky wave antenna, the modified power signal is a sum of the non-radiated power and the input power of the leaky wave antenna, and radiating the modified power signal is performed by the leaky wave antenna.
  • the passive operation is recycling the non-radiated power signal into concurrent non-radiated power signals
  • the modified power signal is the concurrent non-radiated power signals
  • radiating the modified power signal is performed by adjacent leaky wave antennas.
  • the sum is performed by a rat-race coupler.
  • a device for improving leaky wave antenna radiation efficiency comprises an input for collecting non-radiated power signal, a passive component for performing an operation on the non- radiated power signal to generate a modified power signal, and an output for providing the modified power signal for radiation.
  • the passive component is one of the following: a power combining system or a divider with a series feeding network.
  • the modified power signal is one of the following: the non-radiated power signal with an input signal of the leaky wave antenna or a recycled non-radiated power signal.
  • the passive operation is performed by means of a power combining system
  • the modified power signal is a combination of the non-radiated power signal with an input power signal of the leaky wave antenna
  • radiating of the modified power signal is performed by the leaky wave antenna.
  • the passive operation is a divider
  • the modified power signal is a pair of recycled non-radiated power signals
  • radiating of the pair of recycled non-radiated power signals is performed by at least one pair of complementing leaky wave antennas.
  • the power combining system is a passive rat-race coupler.
  • the present method and device collects the non-radiated power signal, and performs a passive operation to obtain a modified power signal, and radiates the modified power signal.
  • the present method and device improve radiation efficiency of the leaky wave antenna.
  • the present method and device does not alter the leaky wave antenna, but rather complements the latter so as to improve the radiation efficiency.
  • Examples of leaky wave antennas to which the present method and device can advantageously complement comprise microstrip antennas made of Composite Right/Left Handed metamaterial.
  • Figures 2 and 4 respectively depict a flow diagram of a method and a device for improving radiation efficiency of a leaky wave antenna in accordance with a general aspect. More particularly, the present method 200 collects non-radiated power at an output of the leaky wave antenna. The method pursues by performing 220 a passive operation on the collected non-radiated power to generate a modified power signal. The method then radiates 230 the modified power signal.
  • the present device 400 includes an input 410, a passive component 420 and an output 430.
  • the input 410 is adapted for being connected to an output of the leaky wave antenna, such as in replacement to the traditional termination load.
  • the input 410 collects non-radiated power signal 440 from the output of the leaky wave antenna.
  • the input 410 may consist for example of one or several Sub-Miniaturized A (SMA) connectors.
  • SMA Sub-Miniaturized A
  • Examples of passive component may include a divider, a power combining system, or any other passive component which may perform an operation to the non-radiated power signal so as to generate a modified power signal to be radiated. Two examples of specific passive components will be subsequently discussed.
  • the modified power signal 460 is then provided to the output 430 to be radiated.
  • the present method and device may advantageously improve radiation efficiency of leaky wave antennas for signals with lower frequencies, which are typically known for reduced radiation efficiency.
  • the operation using passive component comprises adding the non-radiated power signal collected by the input 410 to an input power signal of the leaky wave antenna.
  • This particular aspect is herein below called the feedback-based method and device.
  • the non-radiated power signal is collected at an output of the leaky wave antenna, before or in replacement of the termination load.
  • the non-radiated power signal 440 is collected and provided to a power combining system 510 to add the non-radiated power signal to the input power signal 110.
  • the modified power signal 450 is the combination or sum of the non-radiated power signal 440 to the input power signal 110.
  • the modified power signal 450 is afterwards radiated by the leaky wave antenna 100.
  • the method of this particular aspect collects 210 the non-radiated power signal, adds 310 the collected non-radiated power signal to an input of the leaky wave antenna to obtain a modified power signal, and radiates 320 the modified power signal by the leaky wave antenna.
  • the non-radiated power signal is recycled and fed back into the leaky wave antenna 100 so as to improve radiation efficiency.
  • the non-radiated power signal 440 at the end of the leaky wave antenna 100 is fed back to the input of the leaky wave antenna 100 through the power combining system 510, which constructively adds the input 110 and non-radiated power signal 440 while ensuring perfect matching and isolation of the two signals.
  • the present feedback-based device and method apply to all leaky wave antennas and solve their fundamental efficiency problem in practical applications involving a trade-off between relatively high directivity (higher than half-wavelength resonant antennas) and small size (smaller than open-loop leaky wave antennas or complex phased arrays).
  • the modified power signal 450 that appears at the input 110 of the LWA 100 has larger amplitude than the applied input signal for a non-zero recycled signal.
  • the radiated power of the present device increases the radiation efficiency of the leaky wave antenna compared to the radiation efficiency of the leaky wave antenna without the present device.
  • the power combining system 510 may for example consist of an ideal adder as shown on Figure 5, or a rat-race coupler as shown on Figure 6.
  • Figure 6 depicts a schematic representation of a device 600 in accordance with the present feedback-based method, in which the power combining system 510 is a rat-race coupler 610.
  • Two transmission lines, s and l ⁇ , have been added in the feedback loop to provide proper phase condition for maximal device efficiency, ⁇ 5 .
  • a difference port 620 is terminated by a matched load Z L .
  • the rat-race coupler 610 constructively adds the input (/ ' , port 1) and non-radiated power signal or feedback (f, port 3) signals at its sum port ( ⁇ , port 4), toward the input of the leaky wave antenna 100, while using its difference port ( ⁇ , port 2) for matching in a steady-state regime and for power regulation in a transient regime.
  • the rat-race coupler 610 provides perfect isolation between the input 110 and feedback ports 120, which ensures complete decoupling between the corresponding signals. Via this positive (i.e. additive) mechanism, the power appearing at the input 630 of the leaky wave antenna 100 progressively increases during the transient regime until it reaches its steady- state level, leading to a radiation efficiency which could closely reach 100%.
  • ⁇ is the open-loop leaky wave antenna efficiency
  • the power-recycling gain is achieved through a design of the rat-race coupler 610 that properly combines the input 110 and non-radiated power signal.
  • o as follows: a Jr a -
  • Figure 8 represents normalized admittances a and b of the rat-race coupler 610.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the fabricated prototype of feed-back based device and Figure 12 summarizes the simulated and measured performances of open- loop and feedback-based devices. The measured radiation efficiency has increased from 38% of open-loop LWA to 68% of feed-back based device.
  • the present feed-back device and method self-recycles the non-radiated power of a single leaky wave antenna.
  • a passive rat-race coupler is used as a power combining system as regulating element to coherently combine the input and non-radiated power signals while ensuring perfect matching and isolation of the two signals, thereby enhancing the leaky wave antenna radiation efficiency.
  • the feed-back device is circuit- based, it can be used with any 2-port leaky wave antenna.
  • the passive operation performed on the non-radiated power signal is recycling it into concurrent non- radiated power signals.
  • the modified power signal is thus the two concurrent non-radiated power signals.
  • the two concurrent non- radiated power signals are then radiated by at least one adjacent pair of complementing leaky wave antennas.
  • the radiation efficiency of a leaky wave antenna is improved by collecting the non-radiated power signal, recycling it into by dividing 330 the non-radiated power signal in two concurrent non-radiated power signals, and radiating 340 these two concurrent non-radiated power signals by external adjacent leaky wave antennas also known as external antenna array.
  • the antenna array radiates the non-radiated power signals in a coherent manner until the non-radiated power signals have completely leaked out. Consequently, there is more radiated power and therefore the array achieves high radiation efficiency and gain while maintaining a practical length in the direction of signal propagation.
  • an external, passive series of adjacent leaky wave antennas and a power divider are used to guide the non-radiated power from the leaky wave antenna to one array element, and then to the next array element, etc. Because this method and device are external to the leaky wave antenna 100, it does not alter the complex propagation constant ⁇ and therefore the direction of the main beam is unaffected. In addition, this method and device is universal and can be utilized to maximize the radiation efficiency of any 2-port leaky wave antenna.
  • Figure 13 provides a perspective view of a power-recycling leaky wave antenna array using complementing series leaky wave antennas.
  • Figure 13 for illustration purposes, consists of five Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) leaky wave elements, each having a length of / and spacing of d between adjacent elements.
  • CRLH Composite Right/Left-Handed
  • the radiation efficiency can be maximized by increasing the number of array elements N.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 respectively represent a prototype and simulated and measured results of this prototype, in accordance with the present power- recycling device and method.
  • Figure 16 and 17 respectively depict simulated and measured radiation patterns for the prototype of Figure 14 in a xz-plane cut at broadside, and a yz-plane cut at broadside.
  • the experimental results obtained thus confirm that the present power-recycling device and method independently enhance the radiation efficiency by increasing the number of array elements N while keeping each element's length / constant. This is in contrast to conventional phased-array antennas where increasing the number of array elements does not enhance the radiation efficiency.
  • a maximum level of radiated power is achieved for a given input power. Therefore, high gain is obtained along with high radiation efficiency.
  • Figures 16 and 17 further demonstrate that the half power beam width in both the longitudinal xz and transversal yz planes can be conveniently and independently controlled by adjusting the length I of each array element and the number N of array elements for a specific level of radiation efficiency.
  • the present power-recycling device and method and be used with any 2- port leaky wave antenna.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé permettant d'améliorer l'efficacité de rayonnement d'une antenne à onde de fuite. Le dispositif et le procédé consistent à collecter le signal de puissance non transmis depuis l'antenne à onde de fuite, à effectuer une opération passive sur le signal de puissance non transmis afin d'obtenir un signal de puissance modifié, et à émettre le signal de puissance modifié.
PCT/CA2010/001947 2009-12-07 2010-12-07 Dispositif et procédé d'amélioration de l'efficacité de rayonnement d'une antenne à onde de fuite WO2011069253A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/512,635 US9124005B2 (en) 2009-12-07 2010-12-07 Device and method for improving leaky wave antenna radiation efficiency
EP20100835338 EP2510578B1 (fr) 2009-12-07 2010-12-07 Dispositif et procédé d'amélioration de l'efficacité de rayonnement d'une antenne à onde de fuite

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26718009P 2009-12-07 2009-12-07
US61/267,180 2009-12-07

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WO2012094747A1 (fr) * 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 Corporation De L'ecole Polytechnique De Montreal Antennes et systèmes à polarisation diverse

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WO2015058210A1 (fr) 2013-10-20 2015-04-23 Arbinder Singh Pabla Système sans fil à ressources radio et d'antenne configurables
US10720955B2 (en) * 2016-01-20 2020-07-21 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for removing magnetic interference signal according to use of FDR scheme, and device for removing magnetic interference signal
DE102016118025B4 (de) * 2016-09-23 2020-02-27 Balluff Gmbh Ringförmiger Richtkoppler insbesondere für mikrowellenbasierte Distanzsensoren
CN111213429A (zh) 2017-06-05 2020-05-29 珠峰网络公司 用于多无线电通信的天线系统
US10879627B1 (en) 2018-04-25 2020-12-29 Everest Networks, Inc. Power recycling and output decoupling selectable RF signal divider and combiner
US11050470B1 (en) 2018-04-25 2021-06-29 Everest Networks, Inc. Radio using spatial streams expansion with directional antennas
US11005194B1 (en) 2018-04-25 2021-05-11 Everest Networks, Inc. Radio services providing with multi-radio wireless network devices with multi-segment multi-port antenna system
US11089595B1 (en) 2018-04-26 2021-08-10 Everest Networks, Inc. Interface matrix arrangement for multi-beam, multi-port antenna
CN114284739B (zh) * 2021-12-20 2024-02-23 中山大学 一种Ku波段的具有和差波束扫描功能的漏波天线

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US20040227664A1 (en) * 2003-05-15 2004-11-18 Noujeim Karam Michael Leaky wave microstrip antenna with a prescribable pattern

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US20040227668A1 (en) * 2003-05-12 2004-11-18 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Steerable leaky wave antenna capable of both forward and backward radiation
US20040227664A1 (en) * 2003-05-15 2004-11-18 Noujeim Karam Michael Leaky wave microstrip antenna with a prescribable pattern

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012094747A1 (fr) * 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 Corporation De L'ecole Polytechnique De Montreal Antennes et systèmes à polarisation diverse
US9496914B2 (en) 2011-01-13 2016-11-15 Polyvalor, Limited Partnership Polarization-diverse antennas and systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20120262356A1 (en) 2012-10-18
US9124005B2 (en) 2015-09-01
EP2510578A1 (fr) 2012-10-17
EP2510578B1 (fr) 2014-06-04
EP2510578A4 (fr) 2013-05-08

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