WO2011068440A2

WO2011068440A2 - Method of the pipeline characteristics determination (variants) and complex for its implementation and pipeline damage detection

Info

Publication number: WO2011068440A2
Application number: PCT/RU2010/000728
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael Pavlovich Sutovsky
Original assignee: Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostyu "Lb Sky Global"
Priority date: 2009-12-04
Filing date: 2010-12-03
Publication date: 2011-06-09
Also published as: WO2011068440A3

Abstract

The complex contains two pairs of sensor 2 pressure in the pipeline 1, installed in pairs at a distance of 50-200 meters between neighboring sensors 2 in each pair, the local programmable logic controllers, 3 sensors timestamp in the form of GPS receivers 4, line 5 context, the central controller 6 and workstation operator 7 (PC 7). The sensors 2 are satisfied with the response time of less than 1 ms (milliseconds). A pair of sensors 2 are located on the borders of the control section of the pipeline I5 the distance between two pairs of sensors, i.e., length control region is 5000 - 50 000 m. Thus, the sensor 2 is installed at a distance between them at each end of the control region of between 0,001 to 0.04 the length of this section of the pipeline 1. One of the two sensors in each pair is internal to the control site, while another - the outside. Ratio of distances between sensors 2 in each pair and the length of the chosen from the condition of minimal influence of hydraulic losses along the length of the site on testing results. The technical result of the invention group combined with the unique invention idea lies in extension of the functional possibilities, increase of the technological effectiveness, simplification of the design, increase of accuracy, reliability and operation speed at the account of the efficient and online control of the wave parameters at the stage of its occurrence, control of the fluid medium parameters on a real-time basis, and leakage detection at the stage of its occurrence on a real-time basis.

Description

METHOD OF THE PIPELINE CHARACTERISTICS

DETERMINATION (VARIANTS) AND COMPLEX FOR ITS

IMPLEMENTATION AND PIPELINE DAMAGE DETECTION Field of the Invention

The invention group refers to the filed of hydraulics and is intended for control of technical characteristics of the pipeline segment condition at onshore and offshore main pipelines' protection. The estimate of pressure drop wave velocity in the pipeline, balance control in the onshore and offshore main pipeline segment, determination of the unauthorized fluid medium ingress to the main pipeline segment, detection of the pipeline damage and leakages is provided on a real-time basis.

Prior Art

The method of determining the velocities in the gas and liquid volumes is known, included in measure the pulsation the temperature at which the implementation of M T/dT + 1 measurements, where T is the period of measurements, dT time between measurements, then the measurement results are processed by spectral analysis, and the calculated time shift

corresponding to the eak frequency response at the frequency f₀ of the formula

where

is value of phase-frequency characteristics at the frequency f₀. (RU No.2101711, the prototype in terms of determining characteristics of the velocity of pressure waves in the pipeline).

The disadvantages of this method are the narrow features are not providing determine the velocity of wave propagation in real time, low accuracy of the results.

Known way to control the balance of fluid in the pipeline section that is implemented by the node control pressure balance, which includes a pressure sensor connected to a controlled area through a transformer pressure. The latter is designed as a series of interconnected using the nozzle sections consisting of a V-shaped tubes. The transformer is connected to a pressure transducer and controlled by the site shut-off valve and a shut-off devices with air-and liquid reservoirs (SU Nol551848, a prototype of the control of fluid balance). Disadvantages of this known method are the low accuracy of the results, the lack of balance control results obtained in real time.

Known method for remote monitoring of technical condition of pipeline, which consists in fly-controlled pipeline route aircraft, for example, a helicopter, using two-way radio equipment and computer system for reading information on the technical condition of pipeline and navigation equipment, information about technical condition pipeline previously measured using stationary intelligent measurement and control points equipped with radio modems, nonvolatile operational storage devices and sensors parameters that affect the technical condition of the pipeline, located along the pipeline with a given step, then memorize the resulting intellectual gauging item information in nonvolatile operational and storage devices, and circled controlled pipeline route is carried out with intervals determined by the amount of memory storage device operative (RU No. 2392536, the prototype in terms of determining the place and date income (equivalent - download, swap), the fluid in the pipeline section).

The disadvantages of this known method is the complexity of the necessary equipment, narrow features, because it is not suitable for the detection of receipt of the product inside of the pipeline in real time, with a particular place and time of this event, the low accuracy of the results.

Known a device detected the location of a leak in a pipeline that includes the first and second reception paths, each of which contains a series connected first and second acoustic sensor, respectively, amplifier, filter and analog-digital converter, a first acoustic sensor is an acoustic contact with the pipeline and acoustically shielded from the acoustic waves in the environment surrounding the pipeline, and the second acoustical acoustically shielded from the acoustic waves propagating through the pipeline, a device introduced by the analyzer connected in mutual range, the first and second inputs are connected to the outputs of analog-digital converters of the first and second receiver channels, respectively, a block of calculating the distance and the velocity of propagation of waves in the pipeline group and the indicator also introduced a block of memory group velocities of waves in the pipe and the surrounding environment, the pipeline, whose input is connected to the second exit and the exit - the second input unit calculate distance and velocity of the group of waves in the pipeline, also introduced a control unit, sinhroinputs and sinhrooutputs which are connected to an analog-digital converter with a cross spectrum analyzer, with the unit calculate distance and velocity of the group of waves in the pipeline, and memory unit group velocities of waves in the pipe and the surrounding environment, the pipeline and with the indicator, also introduced an artificial source of the acoustic signal is acoustically connected with the first acoustic sensor for the pipeline, and the second acoustic sensor - on pipeline environment (RU No 2249802, a prototype in terms of the complex).

The disadvantages of known systems are the design complexity, low accuracy and low speed.

Summary of the Invention

The technical task of the invention group is to create variants of an efficient method for determining the pipeline condition characteristics and its implementation complex and pipeline damage detection, as well as extension of the set of methods used for determining the characteristics and set of complexes for the pipeline damage detection.

The technical result of the invention group combined with the unique invention idea lies in extension of the functional possibilities, increase of the technological effectiveness, simplification of the design, increase of accuracy, reliability and operation speed at the account of the efficient and online control of the wave parameters at the stage of its occurrence, control of the fluid medium parameters on a real-time basis, and leakage detection at the stage of its occurrence on a real-time basis.

The inventive variant characterization of the state - the propagation velocity of pressure waves is consist in that method of determining the pipeline characteristics - fluid medium pressure wave velocity in the pipeline, which provides for receiving time marks with the set uniform interval, simultaneous measurement of the pumped medium pressure in two sections at each end of the pipeline control segment located at a distance between them, which is 0.001 - 0.04 of this pipeline segment length, comparison of the pressure values in two sections at each end of the segment between themselves and record of the pressure wave in case of synchronous flowing at both ends of the stepped pressure change segment, where the stepped pressure change in the inside section at one end of the segment occurred earlier than in the outside one, and at the other end of the pipeline segment the stepped pressure change in the inside section occurred later than in the outside one, with further identification of the direction and determination of the fluid medium pressure wave velocity by the time marks, corresponding to the stepped pressure change at both ends of the segment, and control of this speed within the allowable limits.

Preferentially the pressure measurement in two sections at each end of the pipeline segment is made with the help of pressure sensors and the determination of the fluid medium pressure wave velocity in the pipeline is made based on the equation:

C= S*(L2-L1)/(T2-T1), where:

LI, L2 - coordinates of the segment ends, m

Tl, T2 - time marks of the pressure wave passing the segment ends, sec,

S - adjustable sign of the pressure wave direction, S = +1, if the wave passed in the direction of the fluid medium movement; S = -1, if the wave passed in the direction opposite to the direction of the fluid medium movement,

C - pressure wave velocity, m/sec.

Preferentially synchronous passing is fixed if the absolute value of the time marks' difference corresponding to the compared pressure values does not exceed the set time delay value and the receipt of the time marks is made with the help of GPS receiver, the comparison of the pressure values in two sections at each end of the segment between them and determination of the pressure wave transmission direction is made with the help of a local node including a local controller, to which pressure sensors and GPS receiver, are connected at this end of the pipeline segment; each local controller, herewith, checks the pressure wave direction from the pair of neighboring pressure sensors and transmits the correspondent time marks to the master controller, the determination of the fluid medium pressure wave velocity is made according to the information received from both local controllers about the time marks and pressure wave direction, with the help of the master controller, which controls the pressure wave velocity value within the allowable limits or beyond them. The inventive variant characterization of the state - the control of fluid balance is that

the method of the pipeline characteristics determination - the fluid medium balance control in the pipeline segment providing for the receipt of the time marks with the set uniform interval, simultaneous measurement of the pumped medium pressure at the ends of the segment in both sections located at a distance of 0.001 - 0.04 of this pipeline segment length, detection of the pressure gradient in two sections at each end of the segment between them and determination of the fluid medium mass consumption corresponding to the pressure gradient, as well as comparison of the instantaneous values of the fluid medium mass consumption at the ends of the pipeline segment for determining the variable average balance of the fluid medium consumption in the pipeline segment, according to which values the control of the mass consumption disbalance availability is made, with further input of the disbalance values into the data storage device.

Preferentially the pressure measurement in two sections at each end of the pipeline segment is made with the help of the pressure sensors, and the determination of the variable average balance of the fluid medium consumption in the pipeline segment is made based on the equation:

B _T = [∑ (G i in) -∑ (G i lout)]/ N, where:

N - number of instantaneous consumption values for the selected calculation period T;

G i in , ∑ G i out - values of the instantaneous inlet and outlet consumption in the direction of the fluid medium movement in the pipeline for the period T, correspondingly, kg/sec;

B _T - average balance of the fluid medium from the pipeline for the period T, kg/sec.

Preferentially, the receipt of the time marks is made with the help of GPS receiver, the detection of the pressure gradient in two sections at each end of the segment between themselves and determination of the fluid media mass consumption corresponding to the pressure gradient is made with the help of the local node including the local controller, to which the pressure sensors and GPS receiver are connected at this end of the pipeline segment; the local controller, herewith, checks the pressure gradient direction from the pair of neighboring pressure sensors and transmits the correspondent instantaneous values of the fluid medium mass consumption to the master controller.

Also the determination of the variable average balance of the fluid medium consumption in the pipeline segment, according to which values the control of the mass consumption disbalance availability is made, is made with the help of the master controller according to the information received from the local controllers about the instantaneous values of the fluid medium mass consumption, the data transmission between the controllers is made with the help of Internet by TCP/IP protocol.

Moreover, the local controllers transmit periodically to the master controller messages about their working capacity, time marks from GPS and parameters received from the pressure sensors with the time interval equal to the interval of the time marks receipt; the master controller uses the above messages for visualization and if there is no prompt periodical message from the local controller the master controller records the correspondent local node's failure and generates an alarm.

The inventive variant characterization of the state - places of receipt of the fluid is that method of the pipeline characteristics determination - locations where the fluid medium comes to the pipeline segment providing for the receipt of the time marks with the set uniform interval, measurement of the pumped medium pressure at each end of the segment in two sections located at a distance of 0.001 - 0.04 between them of this pipeline segment length, comparison of the pressure values in two sections at each end of the segment with the rated pressure value, comparison of the time marks at the stepped pressure change in the inside and outside sections at each end of the segment and detection of the increased pressure wave coming from it, which indicates the fluid medium ingress into this pipeline segment and which is recorded in case when the stepped pressure increase in the inside section at both ends of the pipeline segment occurred earlier than in the outside section, with further determination of the location coordinates where the fluid medium ingresses into the pipeline segment by the time marks of the above events.

Preferentially, the pressure measurement in two sections at each end of the pipeline segment is made with the help of the pressure sensors, the determination of the location coordinate where the fluid medium ingresses into the pipeline segment is made based on the equation:

L = 0.5[(L1 + L2) - C(T2-T1)] , where:

L - location coordinates where the fluid medium ingresses into the pipeline segment as to the nearest end of the segment, m

LI, L2 - coordinates of the outside sections of pressure measurement on the periphery of the segment, m

Tl, T2 - time marks of the pressure increase events recorded in the outside sections of pressure measurement on the periphery of the segment, sec

C - pressure wave velocity in the pumped medium, m/sec.

Preferentially, the receipt of the time marks is made with the help of GPS receiver, that detection of the stepped pressure increase in the inside section earlier than in the outside one, at each end of the pipeline segment is made with the help of the local node including the local controller, to which the pressure sensors and GPS receiver are connected at this end of the pipeline segment; each local controller, herewith, checks the direction of the pressure increase wave movement by the time marks of these events from the pair of neighboring pressure sensors; moreover, if the wave moves from inside the protected pipeline segment this event is transmitted to the master controller, and the detection of a typical increased pressure wave, which source is in this pipeline segment and determination of the location coordinate where the fluid medium ingresses into the pipeline segment is made with the help of the master controller according to the information received from both local controllers about the time of the stepped pressure increase in the inside section earlier than in the outside one.

Also the data transmission between the controllers is made with the help of Internet by TCP/IP protocol, the local controllers transmit periodically to the master controller messages about their working capacity, time marks from GPS and parameters received from the pressure sensors with the time interval equal to the interval of the time marks receipt; the master controller uses the above messages for visualization and if there is no prompt periodical message from the local controller the master controller fixes the correspondent local node's failure and generates an alarm.

The inventive complex is that the complex for detecting damages of the pipeline containing the pressure sensors with the actuation time not more than 1 msec, installed in pairs at the ends of the controlled pipeline segment, local programmable logic controllers synchronized by means of the time mark sensors, each of them being connected to two neighboring sensors in the pair located at one end of the controlled pipeline segment, to the time mark sensor and through the communication lines, to the master controller 6, which is connected with the operator's PC by means of the communication line.

Preferentially, the neighboring pressure sensors locate at a distance of 200 to 400 m from each other; one of them, herewith, is internal as to the controlled segment and the other - external.

Also each local controller with the time mark sensor is placed in the local instrument node located in the area of the pressure sensor pair, and the master controller with the time mark sensor and operator's PC - in the central instrument node apart from the pressure sensor area; at the same time all the complex controllers and the master controller are interconnected by Internet network.

Logic controllers are synchronized by time with the help of the time mark sensors made in the form of GPS receivers, and the local programmable logic controllers enable filtration and detection of typical pressure drop trends in the form of the pressure value sequence in time, and the host computer enables determination of the coordinate of the leakage location based on the equation:

L = 0,5_*[(L1 + L2) - C_* (T2-T1)],

where: L - coordinate of the damage location, m;

LI ,L2 - coordinates of each of the sensor pairs, m;

Tl, T2 - time marks of the pressure drop events in each of the sensor pairs, sec;

C - sound speed in the transported product, m/sec.

Description of the drawing The drawing fig.1 shows a scheme of the complex for the implementation of variants of method of the pipeline characteristics determination and pipeline damage detection.

The complex contains two pairs of sensor 2 pressure in the pipeline 1, installed in pairs at a distance of 50-200 meters between neighboring sensors 2 in each pair, the local programmable logic controllers, 3 sensors timestamp in the form of GPS receivers 4, line 5 context, the central controller 6 and workstation operator 7 (PC 7). The sensors 2 are satisfied with the response time of less than 1 ms (milliseconds). A pair of sensors 2 are located on the borders of the control section of the pipeline 1, the distance between two pairs of sensors, i.e., length control region is 5000 - 50 000 m. Thus, the sensor 2 is installed at a distance between them at each end of the control region of between 0,001 to 0.04 the length of this section of the pipeline 1. One of the two sensors in each pair is internal to the control site, while another - the outside. Ratio of distances between sensors 2 in each pair and the length of the chosen from the condition of minimal influence of hydraulic losses along the length of the site on testing results,

Thus, the complex consists of three units - two local and one central. Local sites are located on the borders of the control section of the pipeline 1 (in the zone of vapor sensors 2), the central node - in the control room. Local controllers 3, their GPS receivers 4 and sensor 2 pressure related to local sites, the central controller 6, to probe the timestamp in the form of receiver GPS (not shown), and a personal computer 7 of the operator workstation - to the central). All three controller 3.6 complex as well as computer 7 connected to each other lines of communication 5 by the Ethernet.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Determination characteristics of the pipeline - the speed of wave propagation of fluid pressure in the pipeline is as follows.

With an established work pipeline 1 continually receiving timestamps from the specified uniform intervals using GPS receiver 4. Simultaneously with the help of sensors 2 is the measurement of material quantities - the pressure fluid in the two sections at each end of the control section of the pipeline 1. The obtained results of measurements in the form of tangible signals are used to compare the values of pressure in the two sections at each end of the section between them.

The principle of implementation of the method is based on the use of methods of detecting and recording the wave of pressure that accompanies the process of regime change operation of the pipeline 1. Recorded events pass wave pressure drop through the two pairs of adjacent sensors 2.

In the course of duty in the measurement results of sensors 2 performs recording material of the pressure wave in the case of simultaneous occurrence at both ends of the pipeline 1 a step change in pressure, which at one end of the pipeline l a step change in pressure in the inner section of the pipeline 1 occurred earlier than in the external and at the other end of the pipeline 1 a step change in pressure in the inner section occurred later than in the outer.

Synchronized flow is fixed, if the absolute value of the difference between the timestamp received from the GPS receiver 4, corresponding to two values of pressure measured by sensors 2, no larger than a given value of time delay.

Thus, the conditions for registration of the wave differential pressure controller 3, the following:

Two local controller synchronously detected signals fall (increase) of pressure

• two local controller synchronously detected signals fall (increase) of pressure

• wave direction at one end outside the pipe, and another - from the inside

• the difference between the times of these events are permissible in accordance with the length of the pipe and the possible speed of sound in the product.

Solution that is one and the same wave of pressure drop takes the central controller 6 on the basis of this information from the local controllers 3.

In the case of registration of the material of the . pressure wave produced identification and determination of the direction of wave propagation speed of fluid pressure on the timestamp corresponding to the step change in pressure measured by sensor 2, on both ends of the pipeline 1. In addition, control is performed to find the propagation velocity of pressure waves within the permissible limits defined for a given fluid (pumped product).

Determination of the velocity of wave propagation of fluid pressure in the pipeline 1 is carried out from the equation:

C= S*(L2-L1)/(T2-T1), where:

LI, L2 - coordinates of the segment ends of the pipeline 1, m

Tl, T2 - time marks of the pressure wave passing the segment ends, sec,

S - adjustable sign of the pressure wave direction, S = +1, if the wave passed in the direction of the fluid medium movement; S = -1 , if the wave passed in the direction opposite to the direction of the fluid medium movement,

C - pressure wave velocity, m/sec.

Comparison of pressures in the two sections at each end of each plot and determining the direction of propagation of pressure waves, carried by the local node comprising a local controller 3, which are connected sensor 2 pressure and using the GPS receiver 4 at this end of the pipeline 1. Each local controller 3 checks the direction of pressure waves from two pairs of adjacent sensors of pressure 2 and makes the transfer of appropriate timestamp in the central controller 6 on lines of communication 5.

Determination of the velocity of wave propagation of fluid pressure carried out on information received from both local controllers 3 on the timestamp and direction of pressure waves through a central controller 6, the controlling finding value propagation velocity of pressure waves within an acceptable range or beyond these limits.

Allowable value of the wave velocity must satisfy the inequalities:

Cmin <=C <= Cmax,

where Cmin, Cmax - set limits the speed of the wave.

Instantaneous velocity values stored in the archive, where according to these data, an estimate of average speed over a certain period of time.

The data transmission between the controllers 3, 6 is made with the help of Internet by TCP/IP protocol. Local controllers 3 transmit periodically to the master controller 6 messages about their working capacity, time marks from GPS receivers 4 and parameters received from the pressure sensors 2 with the time interval equal to the interval of the time marks receipt; the master controller 6 uses the above messages for visualization and if there is no prompt periodical message from the local controller 3 the master controller 6 records the correspondent local node's failure and generates an alarm as well as a message on a computer monitor 7.

As a result, an effective version of the method for determining the characteristics of the state - the speed of wave propagation of fluid pressure on the pipeline and expanded arsenal of ways to determine the velocity of wave propagation of fluid pressure in the pipeline. In this expanded functionality, simplified design, increased accuracy, reliability and performance through effective and efficient control of the wave parameters at the stage of its occurrence in real time.

Defining characteristics of the pipeline - the control of fluid balance on the section of the pipeline is implemented as follows.

With an established work pipeline 1 continually receiving timestamps from the specified uniform intervals using GPS receiver 4. Simultaneously with the help of sensors 2 is the measurement of material quantities - the pressure fluid in the two sections at each end of the control section of the pipeline 1. The obtained results of measurements in the form of tangible signals are used to detect the pressure gradient in the two sections at each end of each section, and determine the appropriate pressure gradient fluid mass flow, and comparing the instantaneous mass flow of the fluid at the ends of the pipeline 1 to determine the moving average balance (disbalance) flow of fluid in the pipeline section 1. Moving average - the average for a certain number of time intervals.

The principle of operation of the complex is based on calculating the mass flow of product on the pressure drop over a short section of the pipeline 1. At each end of the site periodically carried out the calculation of mass flow of product.

In the local controller 3 given by the following calculation parameters:

D - diameter pipeline 1 , m

S - square pipeline 1 , m

η - coefficient of dynamic viscosity of the fluid (product), n*sec/ m² dX - distance between the sensors 2 at the ends of the plot, m p - density of the product in a pumping, kg/m³

dH - height difference between the sensors 2 at one end of the site, m

k - equivalent roughness of the pipe section between the sensors, m

dU - amendment to the pressure drop between the sensors, atm,

By pressure measuring local controllers compute the mass flow between the sensors 2 at the ends of the plot as follows:

Where P2, PI - pressure on the first and second sensor 2, bar (the sensors are in the direction of the reference picket pipeline 1. (In any given pipeline is counting pickets. All kilometers in this same frame of reference);

G - mass flow, kg / sec

dV = (P2 - PI + 0,1 *dH + dU)/dX - pressure drop gradient between sensors 2 on the ends of the plot, atm / m

Re = 4*G/(7t*D*r|) - coefficient Reynolds,

a = D*S²*p,

b = m* /(196*a),

c=a/(32*ri), λ - coefficient of hydraulic resistance, computed by the formula:

From the values of the moving average monitor the presence of disbalance mass flow, with subsequent payment of all values of the disbalance in the storage device controller 6.

Determination of the moving average balance of flow of fluid in the pipeline section 1, the values of which monitor the presence of disbalance mass flow, performed using a central controller 6 on the information received from the local controller 3 on the instantaneous values of the mass flow of the fluid.

Determination of the moving average balance of flow of fluid in the pipeline section 1 is carried from the relation:

B T = [∑ (G i in) -∑ (G j out)]/ N, where:

G i in , ∑G i out - values of the instantaneous inlet and outlet consumption in the direction of the fluid medium movement in the pipeline for the period T, correspondingly, kg/sec;

B T - average balance of the fluid medium from the pipeline for the period T, kg/sec.

Identification of the pressure gradient in the two sections at each end of each section, and determining the appropriate pressure gradient of mass flow of fluid is carried out with the help of a local site that includes a local controller 3, which are connected pressure sensors 2 and GPS receiver 4 at this end of the pipeline 1 . Each local controller 3 checks the direction of the gradient of pressure from a pair of adjacent pressure sensors 2 and makes the transfer of the instantaneous mass flow of fluid in the central controller 6.

Balance sheets are fed in a few specified period of time T. Balance values are stored in the archive and displayed as a trend in the graphs. Parallel statistics being pressure and balance calculation of the mean and standard deviation for the period T.

Transferring data between controllers 3, 6 is carried out along the lines 5 with the help of the Internet protocol TCP / IP.

Local controllers 3 periodically broadcast in the central controller 6 messages on its efficiency, the time stamp from the GPS receiver 4 and the parameters obtained from the pressure sensors 2 with a time interval equal to the interval of receiving timestamps. The central controller 6 uses these messages to a visual display, and if timely periodic reports from the local controller 3 is absent, the central controller 6 records the failure of the corresponding local node and generates an alarm and a message on a computer monitor 7. The central controller 6 displays and maintains the archive (recorded in the memory block), flow rates at the ends of the site displays their balance and the trend over time these values.

As a result, an effective version of the method for determining the

characteristics of the state - controls the balance of fluid in the pipeline section and expanded arsenal of ways to control the balance of fluid in the pipeline. While increasing adaptability, accuracy, reliability and performance through effective and efficient control of the parameters of a fluid in real time, extend the functionality of the method.

Defining characteristics of the pipeline - the place received a fluid in a section of pipeline is implemented as follows.

With an established work pipeline 1 continually receiving timestamps from the specified uniform intervals using GPS receiver 4. Simultaneously with the help of sensors 2 is the measurement of material quantities - the pressure fluid in the two sections at each end of the control section of the pipeline 1.

The principle of implementation of the method is based on the use of methods of detecting and recording the waves build up of pressure that accompanies the process of injection (pumping) of the product in the pipeline 1 or cessation of the internal selection of the fluid (product). In any case, an unauthorized injection demonstrates the intention to violate the regime of the pipeline 1 and make an act of terrorism and / or substitution of the transported product. The signal from the wave propagates in both directions along the pipeline 1 and then recorded sensor 2. Fixation events feed product is determined at the time of receipt of signals from two adjacent sensors 2. Decision that there was a fact of paging products, takes a central controller 6 on the basis of information obtained from the local controllers 3.

Conditions of registration events swap:

• two local controller 3 found signal swap

• source without signal located in the protected segment (site) pipeline 1 ; • received signals are identified as injection with the appropriate data processing algorithms in the central controller 6.

To this end, each pair of sensors 2 to periodically measure the pressure and transfer it to the controller 3, which analyzes trends in pressure and detects excess pressure that accompanies the beginning of the swap. Such an event is associated timestamp received from the GPS receiver 4. If the event is increasing pressure from the internal sensor 2 occurred earlier than a similar event from the outside, then the local controller 3 transmits the information to increase the pressure on the central controller 6. In the transmitted information packet includes information on the event time and pressure sensors 2.

And the results of measurements of sensor 2 in the form of tangible signals are used to compare the values of pressure in the two sections at each end of the section with a nominal value of pressure, a comparison of the timestamp in the moments of the step change in pressure in the inner and outer sections on each end of the site. Carried out to identify the outbound section of the wave of increased pressure^ indicating the flow of fluid in this section of the pipeline 1 and detected, if at both ends of the pipeline a step increase in pressure in the inner section occurred earlier than in the outer, with subsequent determination of the coordinates of the proceeds of the fluid a section of the pipeline 1 to timestamp the events.

Determining the coordinates of the proceeds of the fluid in the pipeline section 1 is carried out from the formula:

L = 0,5[(L1 + L2) - C(T2-T1)] ,

where:

L - coordinates of the proceeds of the fluid in the pipeline section 1 , relative to the nearest end of the section, m

LI, L2 - coordinates of the outer sections of pressure on the edges of the site, m

Tl, T2 - timestamp events increase the pressure recorded on the outer sections of the pressure on the edges of the site, syc

C - velocity of pressure wave in the fluid, m / sec. Identification of a stepped increase in pressure in the inner section earlier than in the outside, at each end of the pipeline is carried out with the help of a local site that includes a local controller 3, which are connected pressure sensors 2 and GPS receiver 4 at this end of the pipeline 1. Each local controller 3 checks the direction of motion of the waves increase pressure on the time stamps of these events from a pair of adjacent pressure sensors 2, and if the wave moves from inside the protected section of the pipeline 1, the transfer is made for this event in the central controller 6.

Identification of the characteristic waves of increased pressure, the source of income which is located on this section of the pipeline 1 , and define the coordinates of the receipt of a fluid in a pipeline section 1 is carried out by a central controller 6 on the information received from both local controllers 3 on the time moments stepwise increase in pressure that occurred in the inner section earlier than in the outer.

Local controller 3 periodically broadcast the central controller 6 reports on their performance, the time stamp from the GPS receiver 4 and the parameters obtained from the pressure sensor 2 with a time interval equal to the interval of receiving the timestamp, the central controller 6 uses these messages to a visual display, and if timely periodic communication from the local controller 3 is absent, the central controller 6 records the failure of the corresponding local node and generates an alarm and a message on a computer monitor 7.

Message injection (pumping) is displayed on a computer monitor 7 in visual form, which attracts the attention of the operator color and blinking. The operator must record this message and take action, according to his job description.

According to the results of detection events are done downloading the appropriate entries in the log manager and take other measures, according to the position of the operating organization.

As a result, an effective version of the method for determining the characteristics of the state - the place and moment transfers (equivalent to - download, swap), the fluid in the section of pipeline and expanded arsenal of methods of determining the place of receipt of the fluid in the pipeline section. In this expanded functionality, increased adaptability, accuracy, reliability and performance through effective and efficient control of the pipeline in real time.

Complex for detection of damage to the pipeline works as follows.

In the absence of violations of the local controllers 3 periodically broadcast in the center 6 control messages about their health. All three controllers 3, 6 of complex as well as computer 7 exchange information among themselves on the Ethernet protocol TCP / IP.

At the same time signals transmitted from GPS receivers 4 and the parameters of the regime, they fetched from the sensors 2. Data is synchronized via GPS.

The central controller 6 uses these messages to be displayed on a computer monitor 7 shows the state controllers 3 and the current mode settings. If a periodic message from the local controller 3 will not be received in time, the central controller 6 detects failure of the corresponding local host and displays the alarm on the monitor 7.

Work on complex fault detection based on the use of methods of detecting and recording the pressure drop, associated processes spillage from the pipeline. Signal leakage is distributed in both directions along the pipeline and continue to be registered sensors 2. Fixing the event of leakage is determined at the time of receipt of signals from two adjacent sensors 2. At the same time last determined the presence of pressure drop with a certain time interval. For each such event is associated timestamp. A decision on that fact that there was a leak, take a central controller 6 on the basis of information obtained from the local controllers 3.

To weed out the random fluctuations of pressure measurement results filtering software. To this end, the flow pressure values applied the standard median filter {median filter - this is a well-known mathematical tool for data processing, such as: integral, differential, average, and so on. The resulting pressure trend (the trend of pressure - a sequence of pressure values over time) are compared with trends characteristic of the leakage (leakage characteristic for the pressure drop, but not its variations) and with a high degree of similarity is decided when the leak. Event of leakage shall be assigned to a local controller 3 timestamp received from the GPS sensor 4, and it is sent to the central controller 6. In the latter event flows from the local controller 3 are recorded, arranged in ascending order by time and processed (matched). A comparison reveals a pair of local events leaks caused by can be a source inside the protected section of the pipeline 1.

Conditions of registration leak: two local controllers 3 found signal leakage, the source without signal located in the protected segment (controlled area) pipeline 1. In each pair of sensor 2 compares the activation of two pressure sensors associated with the local controllers 3, synchronized in time through a GPS receiver 4. The received signals are identified as signals leak through appropriate signs 1) the pressure drop by a specified amount 2) the wave direction of incidence of pressure from within, ie, first, the pressure falls on the internal sensor 2 in a pair, and then - on an external, based on the above data in a central controller.

Sensors 2 periodically measure the pressure and transfer it to the controller 3, which analyzes trends and detects pressure drop in pressure that accompanies the beginning of the leak. Such an event is associated timestamp received from the GPS receiver 4. Local controller 3 checks the direction of the wave of pressure drop on the timestamp of events from a pair of adjacent pressure sensors 2. If the event is downward pressure on the internal sensor 2 occurred earlier than a similar event from the outside, then the local controller 3 transmits the pressure drops to a central PLC 6. In the transmitted information packet includes information on the event time and pressure sensors 2.

All of these provide high accuracy and reliability of leak detection to the exclusion of false positives at the current pressure fluctuations.

The central controller 6 collects messages from the local controllers 3, containing the timestamp pressure drops, and other information about the regime at the site placement of local hosts. He performs calculations possible position (coordinates) of damage (leaks) on one end of the controlled area by the ratio:

L = 0,5_*[(L1 + L2) - C_* (T2-T1)],

where: L - coordinate the location of damage (leaks), m;

LI, L2 - coordinates of the 1 st and 2 nd local nodes (each pair of sensors), m;

Tl, T2 - timestamp event of pressure drop on the 1 st and 2 nd of local nodes (each pair of sensors), sec; C - speed of sound in fluid transportable product, m / sec. Example results of processing

If Ll= 10000 m, L2 = 20000 m, C = 1000 m / sec, Tl = 01.01.2009, 12 h 00 min 00 sec, T2 = 01.01.2009, 12 h 00 min 02 sec,

Then, substituting in the above relation, we obtain L = 0,5 *(30000 - 1000*2) = 14 000 m.

In this case, L, LI and L2 are measured from one end of the controlled area. Thus, the complex is controlled by a wave of pressure drop and the direction of its motion, and thus recorded acoustic noise accompanying the process of spillage from the pipeline.

The proposed program - processing complex used two pressure sensors 2 with high-speed programmable logic controllers 3, 6, synchronized by GPS sensors 4. These controllers 3, 6 analyzes the detection of the characteristic fluctuation trend of pressure. By comparing the results of the recorded events of the pressure drop of the local sites in the central node automatically decides the presence of leaks in the protected area and calculate the coordinates of its location.

Computer 7 displays the events on the monitor leaks in the form of messages containing information about the time of the event, its status and mode of a pipeline 1 at the moment. Post a leak is displayed on a monitor in a visual form, which attracts the attention of the operator color and blinking. The operator must record this message and take action, according to his job description.

According to the results of leak detection made the appropriate entries in the log manager and take other measures, according to the position of the operating organization. Thus, an effective system for detection of damage to pipelines as well as to expand the arsenal of complexes detect damage of pipelines.

This provides simplified design, increased accuracy and reliability of performance by a leak detection at a stage of real-time.

Industrial Applications

The present invention is implemented using the universal modern equipment available in the industry. All parts forming the structure of turbine are bodies of revolution; all the components of required length and diameter are made of the relevant modern steels can be manufactured on modern equipment.

Claims

1. Method of determining the pipeline characteristics - fluid medium pressure wave velocity in the pipeline, which provides for receiving time marks with the set uniform interval, simultaneous measurement of the pumped medium pressure in two sections at each end of the pipeline control segment located at a distance between them, which is . 0.001 - 0.04 of this pipeline segment length, comparison of the pressure values in two sections at each end of the segment between themselves and record of the pressure wave in case of synchronous flowing at both ends of the stepped pressure change segment, where the stepped pressure change in the inside section at one end of the segment occurred earlier than in the outside one, and at the other end of the pipeline segment the stepped pressure change in the inside section occurred later than in the outside one, with further identification of the direction and determination of the fluid medium pressure wave velocity by the time marks, corresponding to the stepped pressure change at both ends of the segment, and control of this speed within the allowable limits.

2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure measurement in two sections at each end of the pipeline segment is made with the help of pressure sensors.

3. Method according to any of Claims 1, 2, characterized in that determination of the fluid medium pressure wave velocity in the pipeline is made based on the equation:

C= S*(L2-L1)/(T2-T1), where:

LI, L2 - coordinates of the segment ends, m

Tl, T2 - time marks of the pressure wave passing the segment ends, sec,

C - pressure wave velocity, m/sec.

4. Method according to any of Claims 1, 2, characterized in that synchronous passing is fixed if the absolute value of the time marks' difference corresponding to the compared pressure values does not exceed the set time delay value and the receipt of the time marks is made with the help of GPS receiver.

5. Method according to any of Claims 1, 2, characterized in that comparison of the pressure values in two sections at each end of the segment between them and determination of the pressure wave transmission direction is made with the help of a local node including a local controller, to which pressure sensors and GPS receiver are connected at this end of the pipeline segment; each local controller, herewith, checks the pressure wave direction from the pair of neighboring pressure sensors and transmits the correspondent time marks to the master controller.

6. Method according to any of Claims 1, 2, characterized in that determination of the fluid medium pressure wave velocity is made according to the information received from both local controllers about the time marks and pressure wave direction, with the help of the master controller, which controls the pressure wave velocity value within the allowable limits or beyond them.

7. Method of the pipeline characteristics determination - the fluid medium balance control in the pipeline segment providing for the receipt of the time marks with the set uniform interval, simultaneous measurement of the pumped medium pressure at the ends of the segment in both sections located at a distance of 0.001 - 0.04 of this pipeline segment length, detection of the pressure gradient in two sections at each end of the segment between them and determination of the fluid medium mass consumption corresponding to the pressure gradient, as well as comparison of the instantaneous values of the fluid medium mass consumption at the ends of the pipeline segment for determining the variable average balance of the fluid medium consumption in the pipeline segment, according to which values the control of the mass consumption disbalance availability is made, with further input of the disbalance values into the data storage device.

8. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that the pressure measurement in two sections at each end of the pipeline segment is made with the help of the pressure sensors.

9. Method according to any of Claims 7, 8, characterized in that determination of the variable average balance of the fluid medium consumption in the pipeline segment is made based on the equation:

B _T = [∑ (G _i in) -∑ (G _i out)]/ N, where: N - number of instantaneous consumption values for the selected calculation period T;

10. Method according to any of Claims 7, 8, characterized in that receipt of the time marks is made with the help of GPS receiver.

11. Method according to any of Claims 7, 8, characterized in that detection of the pressure gradient in two sections at each end of the segment between themselves and determination of the fluid media mass consumption corresponding to the pressure gradient is made with the help of the local node including the local controller, to which the pressure sensors and GPS receiver are connected at this end of the pipeline segment; the local controller, herewith, checks the pressure gradient direction from the pair of neighboring pressure sensors and transmits the correspondent instantaneous values of the fluid medium mass consumption to the master controller.

12. Method according to any of Claims 7, 8, characterized in that the determination of the variable average balance of the fluid medium consumption in the pipeline segment, according to which values the control of the mass consumption disbalance availability is made, is made with the help of the master controller according to the information received from the local controllers about the instantaneous values of the fluid medium mass consumption.

13. Method according to any of Claims 7, 8, characterized in that data transmission between the controllers is made with the help of Internet by TCP/IP protocol.

14. Method according to any of Claims 7, 8, characterized in that the local controllers transmit periodically to the master controller messages about their working capacity, time marks from GPS and parameters received from the pressure sensors with the time interval equal to the interval of the time marks receipt; the master controller uses the above messages for visualization and if there is no prompt periodical message from the local controller the master controller records the correspondent local node's failure and generates an alarm.

15. Method of the pipeline characteristics determination - locations where the fluid medium comes to the pipeline segment providing for the receipt of the time marks with the set uniform interval, measurement of the pumped medium pressure at each end of the segment in two sections located at a distance of 0.001 - 0.04 between them of this pipeline segment length, comparison of the pressure values in two sections at each end of the segment with the rated pressure value, comparison of the time marks at the stepped pressure change in the inside and outside sections at each end of the segment and detection of the increased pressure wave coming from it, which indicates the fluid medium ingress into this pipeline segment and which is recorded in case when the stepped pressure increase in the inside section at both endsof the pipeline segment occurred earlier than in the outside section, with further determination of the location coordinates where the fluid medium ingresses into the pipeline segment by the time marks of the above events.

16. Method according to Claim 15, characterized in that pressure measurement in two sections at each end of the pipeline segment is made with the help of the pressure sensors.

17. Method according to any of Claims 15, 16, characterized in that determination of the location coordinate where the fluid medium ingresses into the pipeline segment is made based on the equation:

L = 0.5[(L1 + L2) - C(T2-T1)] , where^¬ in - location coordinates where the fluid medium ingresses into the pipeline segment as to the nearest end of the segment, m

C - pressure wave velocity in the pumped medium, m/sec.

18. Method according to any of Claims 15, 16, characterized in that receipt of the time marks is made with the help of GPS receiver.

19. Method according to any of Claims 15, 16, characterized in that detection of the stepped pressure increase in the inside section earlier than in the outside one, at each end of the pipeline segment is made with the help of the local node including the local controller, to which the pressure sensors and GPS receiver are connected at this end of the pipeline segment; each local controller, herewith, checks the direction of the pressure increase wave movement by the time marks of these events from the pair of neighboring pressure sensors; moreover, if the wave moves from inside the protected pipeline segment this event is transmitted to the master controller.

20. Method according to any of Claims 15, 16, characterized in that detection of a typical increased pressure wave, which source is in this pipeline segment and determination of the location coordinate where the fluid medium ingresses into the pipeline segment is made with the help of the master controller according to the information received from both local controllers about the time of the stepped pressure increase in the inside section earlier than in the outside one.

21. Method according to any of Claims 15, 16, characterized in that data transmission between the controllers is made with the help of Internet by TCP/IP protocol.

22. Method according to any of Claims 15, 16, characterized in that the local controllers transmit periodically to the master controller messages about their working capacity, time marks from GPS and parameters received from the pressure sensors with the time interval equal to the interval of the time marks receipt; the master controller uses the above messages for visualization and if there is no prompt periodical message from the local controller the master controller fixes the correspondent local node's failure and generates an alarm.

23. Complex for detecting damages of the pipeline containing the pressure sensors with the actuation time not more than 1 msec, installed in pairs at the ends of the controlled pipeline segment, local programmable logic controllers synchronized by means of the time mark sensors, each of them being connected to two neighboring sensors in the pair located at one end of the controlled pipeline segment, to the time mark sensor and through the communication lines, to the master controller 6, which is connected with the operator's PC by means of the communication line.

24. Complex according to Claim 23, characterized in that the neighboring pressure sensors locate at a distance of 200 to 400 m from each other; one of them, herewith, is internal as to the controlled segment and the other - external.

25. Complex according to any of Claims 23, 24, characterized in that each local controller with the time mark sensor is placed in the local instrument node located in the area of the pressure sensor pair, and the master controller with the time mark sensor and operator's PC - in the central instrument node apart from the pressure sensor area; at the same time all the complex controllers and the master controller are interconnected by Internet network.

26. Complex according to any of Claims 23, 24, characterized in that the logic controllers are synchronized by time with the help of the time mark sensors made in the form of GPS receivers.

27. Complex according to any of Claims 23, 24, characterized in that the local programmable logic controllers enable filtration and detection of typical pressure drop trends in the form of the pressure value sequence in time, and the host computer enables determination of the coordinate of the leakage location based on the equation:

L = 0.5_*[(L1 + 12) - C_* (T2-T1)],

where: L - coordinate of the damage location, m; L1 ,L2 - coordinates of each of the sensor pairs, m; Tl , T2 - time marks of the pressure drop events in each of the sensor pairs, sec; C - sound speed in the transported product, m/sec.