WO2011055226A2 - Système d'alimentation électrique comprenant des modules de puissance couplés en parallèle - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation électrique comprenant des modules de puissance couplés en parallèle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011055226A2
WO2011055226A2 PCT/IB2010/002859 IB2010002859W WO2011055226A2 WO 2011055226 A2 WO2011055226 A2 WO 2011055226A2 IB 2010002859 W IB2010002859 W IB 2010002859W WO 2011055226 A2 WO2011055226 A2 WO 2011055226A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
power module
modules
slave
master
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2010/002859
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2011055226A3 (fr
Inventor
Sergej Kalaschnikow
Rodney Allen Myers
Dennis Tolstrup Kristensen
Original Assignee
Danfoss Drives A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danfoss Drives A/S filed Critical Danfoss Drives A/S
Publication of WO2011055226A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011055226A2/fr
Publication of WO2011055226A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011055226A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply system comprising a plurality of power modules, such as power supply modules or active filters, coupled in parallel.
  • the present invention relates to a power supply system to be inserted between a power grid and a power consumer.
  • the power grid may be a single or a three-phase power grid.
  • the power supply system according to the present invention is capable of activating or deactivating individual power modules in accordance with for example the amount of power to be delivered to the power consumer. By constantly adjusting the number of activated power modules the total amount of electrical losses and the level of electromagnetic noise generated by the power supply system may be significantly reduced.
  • ABB Asea Brown Boveri
  • Pamphlet Quadrature Power Filter - Active Filtering Guide
  • an electric power supply system comprising at least two power modules coupled in parallel with an associated power supply line, the electric power supply system comprising a first power module adapted to supply power to an associated power consumer, the first power module comprising a first control means adapted to control the operation of at least the first power module, and a second power module adapted to supply power to the associated power consumer, the second power module comprising a second control means adapted to control the operation of at least the second power module, wherein the power modules are configured to operate in a manner coordinated with other power modules, the operation of each power module including switching the power module on and/or off if demand so requires.
  • the present invention relates to a method of operating an electric power supply system comprising at least two power modules coupled in parallel with an associated power supply line, the method comprising the steps of firstly providing an electric power supply system comprising
  • first power module adapted to supply power to an associated power consumer, the first power module comprising a first control means adapted to control the operation of at least the first power module, and
  • the second power module comprising a second control means adapted to control the operation of at least the second power module, and, secondly, operating the power modules in a manner coordinated with other power modules, the operation of each power module including switching the power module on and/or off if demand so requires.
  • power supply system and power module are to be interpreted very broadly in that these terms are not to be interpreted only as meaning power generating means involving, for example, a generator and suitable rectifiers and/or other converters for bringing the supplied electricity into a desired form.
  • a power module may be interpreted as, for example, a complete frequency converter, an active rectifier, an active front end or rear end of a frequency converter, an active filter, a power factor correction circuit etc. All these power modules may apply controllable semiconductor switching elements, such as thyristors, power transistors, such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), for providing electric power to a power consumer in a desired form.
  • the supply of power to the associated power consumer or the filtering of harmonic noise appearing on the power supply line may be provided by means of one or more of several modulation techniques which are well known in the art such as pulse width or pulse amplitude modulation techniques.
  • a power supply system comprising two or more power modules coupled in parallel.
  • Such a configuration provides a redundant and reliable power supply system. It is a huge advantage of the present invention that by constantly ensuring that only a minimum number of power modules are active, electrical losses in the form of conduction losses and switching losses are reduced to a minimum.
  • electromagnetic noise such as switching electromagnetic noise originating from controllable semiconductor switching elements, transmitted into an associated power grid may be significant reduced.
  • the electric power supply system may further comprise one or more additional power modules coupled in parallel with the associated power supply line, and adapted to supply power to the associated power consumer, and wherein each of the one or more additional power modules are configured to operate in a manner coordinated with one or more other power modules, the operation of each additional power module including switching the itself on and/or off if demand so requires.
  • the electric power supply system may be custom designed in order to fulfil predetermined demands, such as maximum power to be delivered, a specific loss or noise level to be complied with, etc.
  • the electric power supply system may even further comprise a system wherein - the first power module is a master power module, the master power module comprising master control means at least adapted to control one or more slave power modules, and
  • the second power module is a slave power module
  • the slave power module comprising a control means adapted to communicate with the master control means of the master power module and wherein the slave power module is configured to be operated in response to its communication with the master control means of the master power module, the operation of the slave power module including switching the slave power module on and/or off if demand so requires.
  • each of the one or more slave power modules may comprise control means adapted to communicate with the master control means of the master power module.
  • the one or more additional slave power modules may be configured to be operated in response to their respective communication with the master control means of the master power module, the operation of the one or more additional slave power modules including switching the one or more additional slave power modules on and/or off if demands so requires.
  • master/slave power module may not necessarily be static.
  • a slave power module may be appointed master power module if, for example, a previous master power module fails or breaks down during operation.
  • the new master power module may be appointed manually or automatically for example by a higher level control system. Operation without master power module is possible as well.
  • the higher level control system has a master function or each power module has the ability to function as a master power module.
  • the master and slave power modules may be interconnected by a
  • the master power module is capable of controlling the operation of the slave power module, including switching the slave power module on and/or off so that the number of active power modules is appropriate for, for example, the amount of power to be delivered, a specific loss or noise level to be complied with, etc.
  • the plurality of power modules may comprise power modules such as one or more AC to DC rectifiers, said AC to DC rectifier forming a front end of a frequency converter, one or more DC to AC converters, said DC to AC converter forming a rear end of a frequency converter, one or more complete frequency converters, one or more active filters or one or more power factor correction circuits etc.
  • power modules such as one or more AC to DC rectifiers, said AC to DC rectifier forming a front end of a frequency converter, one or more DC to AC converters, said DC to AC converter forming a rear end of a frequency converter, one or more complete frequency converters, one or more active filters or one or more power factor correction circuits etc.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention involving four active filters coupled in parallel
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention involving four active filters coupled in parallel and a means of controlling the individual filters
  • Fig. 3 shows the flow chart for a method of controlling the filters illustrated in the second embodiment
  • Fig. 4 shows a third embodiment of the invention wherein a master/slave control method is used
  • Fig. 5 shows the flow chart for the master/slave control method described in the third embodiment
  • Fig. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention involving four active filters coupled in parallel
  • Fig. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention involving four active filters coupled in parallel.
  • Fig. 8 shows a sixth embodiment of the invention involving four active filters coupled in parallel.
  • the present invention relates to a power supply system comprising two or more power modules coupled in parallel and thereby establishing a redundant and reliable power supply system.
  • the power modules are controlled in a way which activates only the number of power modules which is appropriate for the amount of power to be delivered.
  • electrical losses in the form of conduction losses and switching losses are reduced to a minimum.
  • electromagnetic noise such as switching noise from controllable semiconductor switching elements, emitted into an associated power grid may be significantly reduced.
  • semiconductor switching elements such as thyristors, power transistors, such as IGBTs, are the most common type of semiconductor switching elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention involving, for example, four active filters coupled in parallel.
  • the present invention is not limited to systems involving only active filters coupled in parallel.
  • the active filters shown in Fig. 1 are only exemplary and could be replaced by complete frequency converters, active front ends of a frequency converter etc. without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the four active filters 7, 8, 9, 10 are inserted between a supply grid 1 and a power consumer 15.
  • the harmonics or noise generated by the consumer, and consequently the work required from the active filters, varies with time, as is well known in the art.
  • An optional grid transformer 2 has been inserted between the power grid 1 and the leads 3, 4, 5, 6 connected to respective ones of filters 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • Each of the active filters is individually capable of compensating for some of the harmonic noise power generated by the nonlinear power consumer, but not the maximum possible harmonic noise power. It is for this reason that four are connected in parallel in this embodiment. In prior art systems, as described above, this has the disadvantage of increased switching losses over a system with a single, larger capacity, active filter.
  • the four active filters are controlled in a manner in which only the appropriate number of active filters necessary for the amount of power to be delivered are switched on. For example, when the power required from the active filtering modules is a maximum, all the active filters are switched on and when only half the power from the active filtering modules is required, filters 9 and 10 are turned off, and filters 7 and 8 remain on.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention involving, for example, four active filters coupled in parallel. As described above, other types of module may be used. Fig. 2 also illustrates a means of controlling the individual filters.
  • the four active filters 7, 8, 9, 10 are inserted between a supply grid 1 and a power consumer 15.
  • An optional grid transformer 2 has been inserted between the power grid 1 and the leads 3, 4, 5, 6 connected to respective ones of filters 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • the active filters 7, 8, 9, 10 are interconnected by several binary communication lines 16, 17, 18, 19 and by this means the active filters 7, 8, 9, 10 may communicate with each other and decide whether to be in 'Run' ('Active', 'Turned on' or 'Alive') mode or 'Stop' ('Inactive', 'Sleep', 'Stop' or 'Turned off) mode so that the number of active filters 7, 8, 9, 10 in 'Run' mode is maintained as appropriate for the amount of power to be delivered.
  • 'Run' 'Active', 'Turned on' or 'Alive'
  • 'Stop' 'Inactive', 'Sleep', 'Stop' or 'Turned off
  • the binary communication line 16 conducts signals from the active filter 7 to the other active filters 8, 9, 10.
  • a signal may be a high voltage (or ) representing the fact that the active filter 7 is in 'Run' mode and a low voltage (or ⁇ ') representing the fact that the active filter 7 is in 'Stop' mode and is turned off, or any other means of communication well known in the art.
  • the binary communication lines 17, 18 and 19 connect the other active filters 8, 9, 10 in a respective manner.
  • all the active filters 7, 8, 9, 10 need to know or monitor the total system load. This is accomplished by use of a load or current measuring device 27 and the communication line 28 which supplies the load information to the individual active filters 7, 8, 9, 10. Since the active filters 7, 8, 9, 10 are able to exchange information about their present modes by using the binary communication lines 16, 17, 18, 19 as described above, they are therefore able to control themselves without any external command. The control method will now be described.
  • the reference R for output is calculated by each active filter using following formula: where L is the present value of the total system load (obtained from the load or current measuring device 27 and supplied to the individual active filters 7, 8, 9, 10 via the communication line 28), and m is the number of active filters currently in 'Run' mode. The value of m is available to an individual active filter 7, 8, 9, 10 via the binary communication lines 16, 17, 18, 19. When in 'Run' mode, an individual active filter 7, 8, 9, 10 will reduce the harmonic noise content of the supply grid 1 by using up to a maximum power of R.
  • each active filter 7, 8, 9, 10 has the same value and each active filter is designated a number (n u ) from 1 to N (N being the total number of active filters) then the condition for each active filter change its mode to 'Stop' mode is: L ⁇ —( « himself- ! - ⁇ ⁇ (1)
  • P is the sum power capacity of all the active filters connected in parallel and is available to each active filter by being pre-programmed
  • N is the number of active filter connected in parallel and is available to each active filter by being pre-programmed
  • h is a hysteresis value.
  • Hysteresis can be used to filter signals so that the output reacts slowly by taking recent history into account.
  • the conditions (1) and (2) are continuously calculated by each active filter.
  • Fig. 3 shows the flow chart for the method described above.
  • the pre-programmed values for P, N, n u and h are read.
  • the value of the reference R is calculated at 21 using the value of the present load L, obtained from the load or current measuring device 27.
  • a jump is made to decision point 25, if the active filter is not in 'Run' mode, otherwise a decision is made at 23 depending upon the result of the condition (1) described above. If
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention wherein a master/slave control method is used, wherein one of the modules acts as a master power module whereas the other power module or modules act(s) as (a) slave power module(s).
  • the power modules are interconnected by a communication means such as, for example, a serial data bus.
  • the master power module is capable of controlling the operation of the one or more slave power modules, including switching the slave power modules on and/or off so that the number of active power modules is appropriate for the amount of power to be delivered, with the resultant advantages that are described above.
  • the master power module can pass a control word containing such discrete values as 'Start', 'Stop', and 'Standby'.
  • the slave power module can respond with a status word containing such discrete values as warnings and alarms. This can be utilized by the master power module to determine and set which of the slave power modules performs the majority of the work to be done.
  • Fig. 4 shows, for example, four active filters 29, 30, 31 32 coupled in parallel.
  • the four active filters 29, 30, 31 , 32 are inserted between a supply grid 1 and a power consumer 15.
  • An optional grid transformer 2 has been inserted between the power grid 1 and the leads 3, 4, 5, 6 connected to respective ones of the active filters 29, 30, 31 , 32.
  • One of the active filters, say active filter 29, is operated as a master active filter whereas the remaining active filters 30, 31 , 32, are operated as slave active filters.
  • a communciation means 11 such as, for example, a serial data bus, ensures appropriate communication between the active filters 29, 30, 31 , 32, in particular between the master active filter 29 and the three slave active filters 30, 31 , 32.
  • the master active filter 29, which may be controlled by a higher level control system, may control the operation parameters of all the slave active filters 30, 31 , 32.
  • Such operation parameters may, among other things, involve switching the slave active filters 30, 31 , 32 on and/or off if demands so requires, or it may involve that a given slave active filter or a group of slave active filters should be operated in accordance with a predetermined set of operation parameters, such as a predetermined harmonic noise level, an amount of power to be delivered, the quality of the electrical power to be delivered etc.
  • the master active filter 29 may control the number of active slave filters 30, 31 , 32 so that only the required number of slave filters are active, thus, achieving superior performance in terms of minimal losses and minimal noise generation.
  • a slave filter may be appointed a new master filter if, for example, a previously appointed master filter fails or is taken offline.
  • the new master filter may be appointed manually or automatically, for example by the higher level control system.
  • Fig. 4 shows the flow chart for the master/slave control method described in the third embodiment and illustrates the logical process followed by the control system of the master filter 29.
  • the slave filters 30 31 32 are required in the embodiment merely to respond appropriately to 'Run' and 'Stop' mode commends from the master active filter 29, and to report relevant warnings and status messages.
  • the pre-programmed values for P, N, m and h are read.
  • the present value of the reference R is calculated at 34 using the value of the present load L, obtained from the load or current measuring device 27 and m, the number of active filters currently in 'Run' mode.
  • a similar sequence is then performed using equation (2) this time, to assess whether the respective filters should be placed in 'Run' mode is made 43-51 and the sequence finally returns to a recalculation of R at 34.
  • Fig. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention involving four active filters coupled in parallel.
  • the four active filters 7, 8, 9, 10 are connected to a supply grid 1 which also supplies a power consumer 52.
  • the harmonic noise generated by the consumer, and consequently the work required from the active filters, varies with time, as is well known in the art. As described in the other
  • each of the active filters is individually capable of compensating for some of the harmonic noise power generated by the nonlinear power consumer, but not the maximum possible harmonic noise power.
  • the four active filters are controlled in a manner in which only the appropriate number of active filters necessary for the amount of power to be delivered to compensate for the harmonic noise generated are switched on.
  • all the active filters 7, 8, 9, 10 need to know or monitor the total system load. This is accomplished by use of a load or current measuring device 27 and the communication line 28 which supplies the load information to the individual active filters 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • Fig. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention involving four active filters coupled in parallel. This is similar to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 6, but with the load or current measuring device 27 placed differently.
  • Fig. 8 shows a sixth embodiment of the invention involving four active filters coupled in parallel. This is similar to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 6, but with the addition of a second load 15 which is supplied with power by the four parallel active filters 7, 8, 9, 10. Such an embodiment illustrates the fact that such active filters can simultaneously compensate for harmonic noise generated by loads connected as 52 or 15.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un système d'alimentation électrique, qui comprend au moins deux modules de puissance couplés en parallèle et comprenant un premier module de puissance comprenant des premiers moyens de commande adaptés pour commander le fonctionnement d'au moins le premier module de puissance, et un deuxième module de puissance comprenant des deuxièmes moyens de commande adaptés pour commander le fonctionnement d'au moins le deuxième module de puissance, et les modules de puissance étant configurés de façon à fonctionner d'une façon coordonnée avec d'autres modules de puissance, le fonctionnement de chaque module de puissance comprenant la commutation du module de puissance en marche et/ou en arrêt si la demande l'exige. La présente invention porte également sur un procédé pour mettre en œuvre la présente invention.
PCT/IB2010/002859 2009-11-05 2010-11-09 Système d'alimentation électrique comprenant des modules de puissance couplés en parallèle WO2011055226A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200901190 2009-11-05
DKPA200901190 2009-11-05

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WO2011055226A2 true WO2011055226A2 (fr) 2011-05-12
WO2011055226A3 WO2011055226A3 (fr) 2011-11-17

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3410557A4 (fr) * 2016-01-28 2019-07-24 Kyocera Corporation Système de production d'énergie, procédé de commande de système de production d'énergie, et dispositif de production d'énergie

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6522030B1 (en) * 2000-04-24 2003-02-18 Capstone Turbine Corporation Multiple power generator connection method and system
US8120334B2 (en) * 2006-05-01 2012-02-21 Texas Instruments Incorporated System and method for phase management in a multiphase switching power supply
US7706151B2 (en) * 2006-05-01 2010-04-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method and apparatus for multi-phase power conversion

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3410557A4 (fr) * 2016-01-28 2019-07-24 Kyocera Corporation Système de production d'énergie, procédé de commande de système de production d'énergie, et dispositif de production d'énergie
US10879548B2 (en) 2016-01-28 2020-12-29 Kyocera Corporation Power generation system, method for controlling power generation system, and power generation apparatus

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