WO2011050812A1

WO2011050812A1 - Device for establishing admittance and transport of cargo to and from a wind turbine construction above ground level

Info

Publication number: WO2011050812A1
Application number: PCT/DK2010/050289
Authority: WO
Inventors: Per E Fenger
Original assignee: Liftra Aps
Priority date: 2009-10-28
Filing date: 2010-10-28
Publication date: 2011-05-05
Also published as: DK177083B1; EP2494199A4; DK200901164A; US20120217089A1; EP2494199A1; US9115693B2

Abstract

In connection with maintenance and inspection of wind turbines there is frequently used mobile cranes for lifting heavy cargo between terrain level (6) and the nacelle, which is expensive, and often inappropriate due to the relative long crane arm. There is disclosed a device (2) for establishing admittance and transport of cargo to and from a wind turbine construction (4) above ground level (6) and comprising a part (8) which can be raised and lowered and/or by wires (10) and winches (16) located in terrain level (6) connected with snatch blocks (14) attached to a part of the construction (4) can be raised and/or lifted in relation to the construction (4). The part comprises a number of travelling crabs (18) according to the numbers of winches (12) and the special feature is that the travelling crabs (18) are guided of the wires (10) between the winches (12) and the snatch blocks (14), and that the part (8) with the travelling crabs (18) are displaced upwards or downwards by said wires (10). Hereby is achieved the advantage that the wires (10) are used as well to hoisting the part, and as guide for the travelling crabs (18).

Description

TITLE: DEVICE FOR ESTABLISHING ADMITTANCE AND TRANSPORT OF CARGO TO AND FROM A WIND TURBINE CONSTRUCTION ABOVE GROUND LEVEL. The present invention relates to a device for establishing admittance and transport of cargo to and from a wind turbine construction above ground level and comprising a part that can be raised and lowered and/or lifted relative to the wind turbine construction, said part comprising at least two synchronically driven winches with cables/wires located an terrain level, and a number snatch blocks according to the numbers of winches to be attached to a part of the wind turbine construction above terrain, a number of travelling crabs according to the numbers of winches, said travelling crabs comprising at least a first upper wheel and a second lower wheel. The need to be able to perform efficient and swift inspection of blades on wind turbines, or to perform transport of relatively heavy cargo from ground level or cargo arranged on lorries in terrain level to the nacelle on wind turbines, in an relatively easy manner, has in recent years increased with the number of electricity producing wind turbines. The wind turbines build tends to have en increased pro- duction capacity, causing an increasing blade length on the set wind turbines, and the towers will be correspondingly higher.

Sometimes replacement of parts in the nacelle is needed in connection with the performance of maintenance works which entails the need for lifting relatively heavy items (28-30 ton) from terrain level to the nacelle, which for larger wind turbines can be located more than 100 m above terrain. Such lift leads to the need of large mobile crane units located in terrain level which is relatively expensive in operation whereby the costs of maintenance and repair work will be relatively large. Furthermore, the use of said mobile crane units not optimal, as the length of the extension arm (pole) lead to some instability during lifting of said heavy items.

However to compensate for this, there is known cranes which is hoisted up from terrain level and attached in special furnished anchorage facilities on the lower side of the nacelle, whereby the handling of heavy objects is eased considera- bly. But it leaves the task to transport said heavy objects between terrain level to a level within the reach of the said cranes anchored in the nacelle. From WO 2006/053554 A2 (REPOWER SYSTEMS AG) is known a device aimed for use in mounting and demounting wind turbine blades comprising at least one guide element extended between the nacelle and terrain level and at least one suspended carrying device in the guide connected with a winch, for lifting a part of the wind turbine blade during the transport thereof between terrain level and the mounting location on the shaft of the wind turbine, and at least one length adjustable backstay between the carrying device and the wind turbine blade. Thus here is used a guide typically a steel wire which is guiding the carrying device, as well as a common winch for performing the lift of the wind turbine blade. The device is not suited for use in connection with inspection of blades mounted on at wind turbine.

In WO 2005/064152 A2 is known a device for use for inspection of e.g.

blades on a wind turbine comprising an endless frame with a guide arrangement suited for displacement along the surfaces of a wind turbine blade, said frame comprises a rail in which is suspended an along the rail displaceable gondola for inspection workers. The frame is displaced along the length axis of the wind turbine blade by a hoisting arrangement which is attached to the nacelle of the wind turbine or the shaft for a relevant wind turbine blade. The device is not suited for lifting heavy cargo such as wind turbine blades, gearboxes for wind turbines etc. but solely suited for use in connection with manual inspection of wind turbine lades.

It is the object of the invention to indicate a device, which at the same time ensures good admittance conditions to the nacelle on a wind turbine, while it also is useable for transport of heavy cargo between terrain level and the nacelle, and which is more simple in its design than the known lifting and inspection devices.

It is further the object of the invention is to indicate a special design of the device which is useable at manual inspection of wind turbine blades.

A further object with the invention is that the device is mobile so that it is useable for more wind turbines and thus being suited for use performing inspection and maintenance works in wind turbine parks. This object is achieved by a device stated in the preamble of claim 1 , which is characterized in, that the travelling crabs are guided by the wires between the winches and the snatch blocks, and that the part with the travelling crabs are displaced upwards or downwards by said wires.

Hereby is achieved that the wires between the synchronous driven winces and the snatch blocks are used as guides/stay for the travelling crabs while the wires are used for raising and lowering the part between the terrain level and the construction part on the wind turbine.

When there in the following is mentioned a construction part on a wind tur- bine there is typically referred to the nacelle on the top of the wind turbine tower which is dimensioned to endure very large torque forces from wind load on the blades on the wind turbine and the weight of gearboxes, shafts etc. arranged in the nacelle. The nacelle is thus assumed, as normally, to be provided with a number of suitable facilities for attachment of snatch blocks and crane for moving of heavy objects to be mounted and dismounted in the nacelle.

In the intend to ensure a good stability of the device in use, the ratio between the extent of the device and facilities might be so aligned with the length of the travelling crabs, that the center of gravity of the platform is located between the first and the second wheel.

This counteracts any risk of the part capsize and loose its anchorage on the wires. With the intend to ensure a adequate lifting capacity for the device according to the invention, the two outer snatch blocks may be in direct connection with the synchronous driven winches likely the snatch blocks might be multi-tracked and the first front wheel of travelling crabs might be multi-tracked and interacting with the multi-tracked snatch blocks.

Hereby is achieved a considerable larger lifting capacity, as there is established an exchange which for each extra track/extra interacting wire wheel in the snatch blocks and front wheel on the travelling crabs reduces the necessary traction force from the synchronous driven winches with 50% for a relevant lift. This will however demand for that the length of the wires will be accordingly longer, which will increase the time of transport between terrain level and the nacelle, but not in a scale that is comparable with what a corresponding lift with a mobile crane would cause.

I a first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the device consists of a platform, said platform being set in angled position in relation to the travelling crabs so that the platform is mainly horizontally oriented.

Hereby is achieved a platform which is useable for transport of heavy items and workers.

With the intend to enable compensation for oblique load situations of the platform, the angling position between the travelling crab and the platform may be continuously variable by a first actuator controlled via a control unit on the platform.

With the intend further to ensure that the centre of gravity of the platform and a load arranged thereon is located inside the front and rear wheel on the travelling crabs, the platform may be sideways continuously variable displaceable in relation to the orientation of the wires by a second actuator controlled via a control unit on the platform.

With the intend to enable handling of heavy objects on the platform it may comprise at least one crane arm being pivotally mounted on the platform. Hereby it is possible to perform unloading and loading of items on the platform.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the crane arm may comprise a gondola for one or more persons.

Hereby it is possible to use the device in connection with inspection of blades on wind turbines.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention the part may consist of a crane arrangement for transfer of heavy items between terrain level or a transport vehicle and a location on the wind turbine, where the item can be reached by other handling means located in the nacelle of the wind turbine. It is e.g. hereby achieved that the device may be used in connection with exchange of a gear box for at wind turbine, a shaft to a wind turbine, or other heavy parts belonging in a nacelle of a wind turbine.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the part may consist of a crane arrangement for lifting a blade for the wind turbine from terrain level or a transport vehicle, to the attachment position for the blade on the shaft of the wind turbine.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, wherein the snatch block is attached to a construction part in the nacelle, the part may consist of a crane arrangement with at least one crane arm and yaw unit, for mounting on a console arranged on a construction part in the nacelle on the wind turbine, and a device for attachment of a load in connection to the free end of the crane arm.

It is hereby achieved that a crane is provided on/in the nacelle of the wind turbine which is capable of handling and operate with the parts of the wind turbine. With the intend to ensure an optimal option for handling of heavy burdens, e.g. turbine parts to be added to or removed from the nacelle, the crane arm may be tilt able mounted by first bearing connections to the yaw unit, and tilt able by a hydraulic piston the first end of which by second pivot connections is pivotally mounted to the yaw unit near its periphery and the second end of said piston being pivotally mounted by third pivot bearings to the crane arm in a level above the tilt able bearing of the crane arm.

By the tilt able mounting of the crane arm on the yaw unit it is achieved that it is possible to swing the device to a position above the nacelle itself and attach a burden to the crane arm in a manner that lift of heavy items in oblique positions is avoided. This will provide for a considerable increase of security for the workers exchanging heavy parts in the nacelle.

As the crane arm for space reasons not can be stationary mounted in the na- celle during operation with the wind turbine, it will be necessary to transport it from the ground level where the wind turbine is located, and for that purpose the free end of the crane arm on each side may comprise wheels/travelling crabs guided and resting on the wires.

The advantage of this is, that the wire is useable for transportation of the crane arrangement to attachment to construction members in the nacelle of the wind turbine, after the snatch block has been attached to the nacelle.

With the intend to reduce the necessary traction force from the winches lifting a burden, the device for attachment of a load, e.g. a hook be suspended in a first block which is connected to the snatch block(s) by the wires, which again are connected with the winches on the ground, and that the load are hoisted up and down by the winches between the nacelle and the ground level where the wind turbine is located. In the intend to reduce the necessary traction force in the winches further, there might be located a second block between the first block and the snatch block(s), said second block cooperating with the first block.

Hereby is achieved a considerable reduction of the necessary traction force of the winces to lift a burden depending on how many parts the block is cut.

With the intend to use the device according to the invention for more than one wind turbine, the device may be arranged to be mobile. By the device according to the invention, there is thus disclosed a multi functional device for establishing admittance and transport of cargo to and from a wind turbine construction above terrain level, which enables for inspection of the blades of the wind turbine and handling of heavy loads, and which also is mobile and relative swift in establishing and operation, compared to the known devices and mo- bile cranes.

The invention is disclosed further in the following referring to the accompanied drawings, where Fig. 1 is a principle sketch of the device according to the invention, arranged as a platform, connected with a nacelle on a wind turbine, Fig. 2 is a principle sketch of the device according to the invention, arranged as a crane for hoisting heavy items, connected to a nacelle on a wind turbine,

Fig. 3 is a principle sketch of the device according to the invention arranged as a platform with a crane, connected to a nacelle on a wind turbine,

Fig. 4 is a detail view of the device according to the invention, arranged as a platform with crane arms with gondolas, during inspection of a wind turbine blade, connected to a nacelle of a wind turbine,

Fig. 5 is a principle sketch of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, where it consists of a crane arrangement during hoisting to the na- celle,

Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of the nacelle without sides, with the snatch block attached to a construction member during hoisting up the crane arrangement shown in fig. 5,

Fig. 7 shows the device according to the invention shown in fig. 5 as a crane arrangement passing the wall of the nacelle,

Fig. 8 shows the crane arrangement in Fig. 7 arranged on a console, mounted on construction members in the nacelle, ready for hoisting a burden, and

Fig. 9 shows the crane arrangement in Fig. 8 handling the gearbox of the wind turbine.

In fig. 1 is disclosed a first embodiment of a device 2 for establishing admittance and transport of cargo to and from a wind turbine construction 4 above terrain level 6. The device 2 comprises in the disclosed embodiment a part 8, which in the shown embodiment consists of a platform, which can be raised or lowered and/or lifted in relation to the wind turbine construction 4.

Said part 8 is via at least two cables/wires 10, connected to at least two syn- chronous driven winches 12 located at terrain level 6, and a number of snatch blocks 14 equivalent with the numbers of winches attached to the lower side of the wind turbine construction 4, which in the shown embodiment consists of a nacelle on a wind turbine tower 16. The part 8 disclosed in fig. 1 comprises further in the shown embodiment two travelling crabs 18, equivalent to the number of winches (two). The travelling crabs 18 comprises a first set of upper wheels 20 and a second set of lower wheels 22. The particular of the device is that the travelling crabs 18 are guided on the wires 10 between the synchronous driven winches 12 and the snatch blocks 14 while the platform 8 is displaced upwards and downwards by the same wires 10. The first set of upper wheels 20 on the travelling crabs may be multi cut (not shown) and the snatch blocks which are suspended on the lower side of the nacelle 4, may as well also be multi cut. By the multi cutting is achieved a larger exchange (gear) when hoisting heavy burdens, so that the synchronous driven winches 12 not necessarily shall perform a traction force equivalent to overcome the gravity of the burden of the part 8, including diverse friction losses by the lift, as the traction force is divided in relation to the present number of wires between the "cuts" in the travelling crabs 18 and the snatch blocks 14. In each cut is located an extra wheel where the wires is passing and finally the wires are connected with the synchronous driven winches in the terrain level 6.

The location and extent of the part platform 8 is adapted with the length of the travelling crabs 18 in a manner that the centre of gravity of the platform 8 is located between the first- and the second wheel (20, 22). As it appears from Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 and in particular Fig. 4, the part platform 8 is angled in relation to the travelling crabs 18 so that the part/platform 8 is substantially oriented horizontally. The angling between the travelling crabs 8 and the platform 8 is continuously variable by a first actuator 23 controlled via a not shown control unit on the platform.

As it appears most clear from Fig. 4 the platform is continuously variable dis- placeable in relation to the orientation of the wires by a second actuator 24 controlled via a not shown control unit on the platform. This enables compensating for variable load of momentum on the platform 8 during operation, and on the platform arranged items and loading equipment, e.g. as cranes 26, as it appears from fig. 3. The cranes 26 may comprise a partitioned arm 28, 30 as it appears from fig. 4, and at the end of the arms can be arranged a gondola 30 for one or more persons for use by manual inspection of a wind turbine blade 32. The crane(s) 26 may also be pivotally mounted to the part 8. As it appears from Fig. 2, the device according to the invention be used as a crane arrangement 36 in connection with hoisting up a wind turbine blade 32 for mounting on a wind turbine shaft 34. In Fig. 5 which is a principle sketch of a further embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention, where it consists of a crane arrangement 38 for temporary arrangement in the nacelle during maintenance and replacement of parts in the nacelle. As it appears from Fig. 5, but more clearly from Fig. 7 the crane arrangement comprises a crane arm 40 arranged on a yaw 42 which is arranged on a console 44 which is cooperating with console parts 46 being pre mounted on construction parts 60 in the nacelle 4. As it appears from Fig. 5 and more clear from Fig. 7, the free end 48 of the crane arm 40 on both sides wheels/travelling crabs 50 sliding/travelling on the wire 10 and accordingly controls the crane arrangements displacement on the wire 10 by the winch on the ground 6.

As it further appears from Fig. 7 the crane arm 40 is pivotally mounted to the yaw 42 by first pivot connections 52, and the opposing side of the crane arm comprises hydraulic powered pistons 54 which by second pivot connections 56 and third pivot connections 56 are connected respectively to the yaw 42 and the crane arm 40, whereby the crane arm 40 becomes tilt able over the pivot connections 52 by activating the hydraulic powered pistons 54, which results in that the free end 48 of the crane arm is maneuverable above the nacelle 4, whereby it becomes possible to perform vertical oriented lifts of heavy items present in the nacelle 4. In Fig. 6 which is a detail perspective view of the nacelle without sides, shows the snatch block 14 attached to a construction member 60 during hoisting the crane arrangement shown in Fig. 5. Displacement of the wire 10 is indicated by the arrows A and B, where it appears that the wire at the arrow A is moving towards the winch 12 on the ground 6, and the wire at the arrows B is moving up- wards towards the nacelle 4, against the snatch block 14 where the wire change direction to A. As it further appears from the shown embodiment of the device, the snatch block 14 comprises oblique upwards and outside the nacelle 4 protruding arms 62 in the free ends of which are arranged wheels for guiding the wire 10. In Fig. 7 is disclosed the crane arrangement 38 according to the invention, shown in Fig. 5, during passage of the wall 66 of the nacelle, where it passes over the wheels 62. In Fig. 8 the crane arrangement 38 disclosed in Fig. 7 is disclosed arranged and fastened to another console part 45 mounted on construction members 60 in the nacelle 4, ready to lift a burden. As it appears the free end 48 of crane arm 40 is provided with a further wheel 68 for the wire 10, wherein there is suspended a device 70 for attachment of a burden. The device consists in the shown embodiment of a crane hook 70 with a block 72 connected with the wire 10.

In Fig. 9 is shown the crane arrangement 38 disclosed in Fig. 8 hoisting a wind turbine gear box 74, where the gear box is suspended in a yoke 76 connected to the crane hook 70.

The device 2 according to the invention may further be arranged on wheels, par example on a lorry, a trailer (not shown), whereby the device becomes mobile, and accordingly easier to utilize for more wind turbines.

The device 2 is intended used in the following manner. The device is brought in position below the nacelle 4, and a minor winch, located in the nacelle is used to perform lift of the snatch blocks 14 to attachment in suited attachment means in the lower side of the nacelle, or a construction member 60 inside the nacelle 4. The device 2 is subsequently moved to a preferred position in relation to the tower 16 of the wind turbine, or inside the nacelle 4 in a manner that the wires 10 par example parallel with a wind turbine blade 32, and the platform with gondolas 30 mounted on the crane arms 28, 30 are displaced along the blade surfaces without support on the blade surface, on the wires 10 by activating the synchronous driven winches 12.

When inspection of the wind turbine blades 32 are not required but service/replacement of parts in the nacelle 4 is to be furnished, the synchronous dri- ven winches 12 advantageously can be arranged on the avert side of the wind turbine blades 32 of the wind turbine, as it appears from Fig. 3, where the

part/platform 8 is provided with a crane for lifting burdens.

When hoisting up or down of a wind turbine blade is required as indicated in fig. 2, the platform on the part 8 is replaced with holding means (not shown) for a wind turbine blade 32 to be mounted on the shaft 34 of wind turbine. In a further embodiment of the device 2, where it is used together with a crane arrangement 38 for location in the nacelle 4, the second console part 45 for attachment of the crane arrangements first console part 44 on a suited construction member 60 in the nacelle 4, subsequently the winch 12 is activated whereby the block 72 in the end of the crane hook is hauled to attach with the free end 48 of the crane arm 40 which forms a counter hold for the block 72. By continued traction in the wire 10 the crane arrangement 38 will be displaced against the nacelle 4, as it appears from Fig. 5 and Fig. 7. The crane arrangement 38 passes finally the wall 66 of the nacelle, and with the first console part 44 in front ready for attachment on the second console part 45 which is attached to a construction member 60 in the nacelle 4. After fastening the first console part 44 to the second console part 45, the crane arrangement 38 are ready for use, as the crane hook 70 connected with the block 72 can be raised and lowered hauling and slacking the wire 10 by the winch 12.

In a further embodiment two crane arrangements 38 can be arranged in the nacelle, which enables handling of the shaft 34 of the wind turbine with the blades mounted which means that inspection and repair works can be performed when shaft and blades are lying on the ground surface.

Claims

1. Device (2) for establishing admittance and transport of cargo to and from a wind turbine construction (4) above ground level (6) and comprising a part (8) that can be raised and lowered and/or lifted relative to the wind turbine construction (4), said part (8) comprising at least two synchronous driven winches (12) with cables/wires (10) located at terrain level, and a number snatch blocks (14) according to the numbers of winches (12) to be attached to a part (4) of the wind turbine construction above terrain (6), a number of travelling crabs (18) according to the numbers of winches (12), said travelling crabs comprising at least one first upper wheel (20) and at least one second lower wheel (22), ch a ra ct e ri z e d i n , that the travelling crabs (18) are guided of the wires (10) between the winches (12) and the snatch blocks (14), and that the part (8) with the travelling crabs (18) are displaced upwards or downwards by said wires (10).

2. Device (2) according to claim ^c h a ra cte ri ze d i n , that the ration between the extend of the part (8) and facilities on said part, is so adapted with the length of the travelling crabs (18) that the centre of gravity of the part (8) is located between the first- and the second wheel (20, 22).

3. Device (2) according to claim 1 or claim 2, c h a ra cte ri z e d i n , that at least the two outmost snatch blocks (14) is direct connected with synchronous driven winches (12), and that the snatch blocks (14) are multi cut, and that the first front wheel(s) (20) of the travelling crabs is multi cut and cooperating with said multi cut snatch blocks (12).

4. Device (2) according to any of the claims 1-3, c h a ra cte ri ze d i n , that the part (8) consists of a platform being angular positioned relative to the travelling crabs (18) so that the platform is substantially horizontally oriented.

5. Device (2) according to claim 4, c h a ra cte ri ze d i n , that the angle position between the travelling crab (18) and the platform (8) is continuously variable by a first actuator (23) controlled via a control unit on the platform.

6. Device (2) according to any of the claims 1-5, c h a ra ct e ri z e d i n , that the platform (8) is continuously variable sideways displaceable relative to the orientation of the wires (10) by a second actuator (24) controlled via a control unit on the platform.

7. Device (2) according to any of the claims 1-6, c h a ra ct e r i ze d 5 i n , that the platform (8) comprises at least one crane arm (26) being pivotally mounted on the platform.

8. Device (2) according to claim 7, c h a ra cte r i ze d i n , that the crane arm (26) comprises a gondola (30) for one or more persons.

0

9. Device (2) according to any of the claims 1-3, c h a ra ct e ri z e d i n , that the part (8) consists of a crane arrangement (36) for transfer of heavy items (32) between terrain level (6) or a transport vehicle, and a location on the wind turbine where said items are reachable by other handling means arranged on5 the nacelle (4) of the wind turbine.

10. Device (2) according to any of the claims 1-3, c h a ra ct e ri z e d i n , that the part (8) consists of a crane arrangement (36) for lifting a wind turbine blade (32) from terrain level (6) or a transport vehicle, to the attachment location0 for the blade on the shaft (34) of the wind turbine.

11. Device (2) according to any of the claims 1-3, c h a ra ct e ri ze d i n , that the part (8) consists of a crane arrangement (38) with at least one crane arm (40) with a yaw unit (42) and a first console part (44) for mounting on a

5 second console part (45) arranged on a construction member (60) in the nacelle (4) of the wind turbine, and a device (70) for attachment of a burden in connection with the free end (48) of the crane arm.

12. Device according to claim 11, c h a ra cte ri ze d i n , that the o crane arm is tilt able mounted near the periphery of the yaw unit (2) by first bearing connections (52) and tilt able by at least one hydraulic powered piston (54) the first end of which being pivotally connected near the periphery of yaw unit (54) by second bearing connections (56) located opposite the first bearing connections (52) and the second end of said piston is pivotally mounted to the crane arm (40)5 in a level above the tilt able bearing connection (52) by third bearing connections (58).

13. Device (2) according to claim 11 or 12, c h a ra ct e r i z e d i n , that the free end (48) of the crane arm on each side comprises wheels/travelling crabs (50) being guided on and resting on the wires (10).

14. Device (2) according to any of the claims 11-13, c h a ra ct e ri z e d i n , that the device (70) for attachment of a burden, e.g. a hook, is suspended in a first block (72) connected with the snatch block(s) (14) by the wires (10), said wires being connected with the winches (12) on the ground (6) on which the wind turbine is located, and that the burden (74) is hoisted up and down between the nacelle (4) and the ground on which the wind turbine is located by the winches (12).

15. Device (2) according to any of the claims 11-14, ch a ra cte ri z e d i n , that a second block is arranged between the first block (72) and the snatch block(s), said second block cooperating with the first block (72).

16. Device (2) according to any of the claims 1-15, c h a ra c te ri z e d i n , that it is mobile.