WO2011049543A1

WO2011049543A1 - Electric motor with a dc travelling magnetic field (variants)

Info

Publication number: WO2011049543A1
Application number: PCT/UA2010/000079
Authority: WO
Inventors: Анатолий Дмитриевич ЧЕРНОГОРОВ; Виктор Григорьевич СКОМОРОХ; Олег Михайлович ТРИШИН
Original assignee: Chernogorov Anatoliy Dmitrievich; Skomorokh Viktor Grigor Evich; Trishin Oleg Mikhajlovich
Priority date: 2009-10-19
Filing date: 2010-10-18
Publication date: 2011-04-28
Also published as: UA92120C2

Abstract

The invention proposes an electric motor with a DC travelling magnetic field and variants thereof. The motor has, within its device, an immovable stator with a winding laid in the slots. In one variant, the motor is constructed as a three-phase AC synchronous motor, and in another variant, with a squirrel-cage rotor, the motor is constructed as a three-phase AC asynchronous motor. The stator winding of the proposed synchronous and asynchronous DC motors can be straight, twisted, can be formed from a straight winding and a twisted winding which are separate from one another, are unfolded to 180° and are laid in single slots, and, in high-power motors, а bar-type winding can be provided on the stator. All of these DC stator windings are significantly simpler than three-phase AC stator windings and induce DC travelling magnetic fields with the aid of semiconductor control valves. The proposed synchronous and asynchronous DC motors are started up very gradually, without any pulses of inrush current and do not require any start-up devices.

Description

Electric motor with a running magnetic field of a direct current (options)

The invention relates to electric machines - DC motors and converters of direct current into three-phase alternating current. All variants of the invention will find wide application in all areas of industry and transport, where electric motors of direct and alternating current are used, since they have higher efficiency, are easier to manufacture and operate. They will firmly occupy a niche between classic DC motors (having collectors and complex anchor windings) and powerful three-phase AC motors (synchronous and asynchronous, since they have the ability to control revolutions over a very wide range). Moreover, the proposed motors, due to a number of advantages, will significantly displace both classic DC motors and powerful three-phase AC motors.

Classical designs of DC motors are classified by the method of switching the field winding in relation to the armature. In accordance with this, the motors are parallel, sequential and mixed excitation. These motors have been known for over a hundred years and are described in all textbooks on direct current electric machines (MP Kostenko, L. M. Piotrovsky. Electric machines, part one - direct current machines. A textbook for students of technical schools of higher education. Energy, 1964 , p. 69-75).

All these electric motors are reversible, that is, the electric motor can be a generator if its armature is rotated from an external motor. These electric motors in their device have beds with poles, on which are field windings and drum anchors with rather complex windings, the ends of the sections of which are displayed on the lamellas of the collectors. To supply current to the anchor through the collector in the engine there is a brush apparatus. When current flows through the armature, the latter begins to rotate in the magnetic field of the excitation poles. The direction of rotation of the armature with current in the magnetic field of excitation is due to the rule of the left hand. But at the same time, in the conductors of the anchor, in accordance with the rule of the right hand, an EMF is induced, which is directed against the voltage supplied to the anchor. This EMF is called reverse emf. or counter emf (E _a ). As a result, in the steady-state mode of operation of the engine, the voltage U = E _a + I _a R _a supplied to the engine, i.e., it is balanced by the back emf and voltage drop in the armature winding. From this it is obvious that the reverse emf, which constitutes a significant part in the voltage supplying the motor (U - E _a = I _a R _a ), is a braking factor (the resistance of the armature winding copper is very small). If one considers that motor power P DC _{= U (I a + / "} ), where _a and _a 1 - currents through the armature and field winding, the deletion in the reverse running motor emf can significantly reduce its electric consumption power with the same mechanical power on its shaft. But so far, such a task is beyond the power of either engineers or theoretical scientists involved in the development of modern DC motors.

A completely different and far from positive picture was created in the development of three-phase synchronous and asynchronous three-phase alternating current motors. Both synchronous and asynchronous three-phase motors (we will consider classical designs when three-phase windings are located on the stators) three-phase windings on the stators create traveling magnetic fields (MP Kostenko, LM Piotrovsky. Electric machines, part two. AC machines current. "Energy", 1973, p. 5-6, 253-255, 25-27, 394-397). Theoretically, stators with windings for synchronous and asynchronous three-phase motors are made in the same way. As for the rotors, for synchronous motors the poles excited by direct current are located on the rotor, and for asynchronous motors with a phase rotor on the rotor, a three-phase winding is made like a three-phase winding on a stator. In squirrel-cage induction motors, rotors are made in three main modifications: with a single squirrel cage, deep-gap, with a double squirrel cage. These types of induction motors differ in starting properties. But for synchronous motors and asynchronous motors, the problem of speed control remains, and commissioning remains difficult (especially for high power motors).

Due to the very principle of synchronous rotation, a synchronous motor does not develop a starting torque. The synchronous motor cannot start on its own. For this reason, to start the synchronous motor, you have to turn to other principles for obtaining torque. Such auxiliary torque should accelerate the rotor to synchronous speed, after which it is possible to synchronize the motor with the network according to the general rules for switching on parallel operation. As a rule, this is an asynchronous start, in which the synchronous motor is launched as an asynchronous one. But for this purpose, copper rods laid in the shoes of the rotor poles and connected at the ends by copper rings serve as the starting winding, forming a squirrel wheel worn on the rotor of the synchronous machine in addition to the field winding, which closes to resistance during the start-up. To reduce the starting current, the stator at start-up is switched on through a step-down transformer or an autotransformer. An energized motor runs without load asynchronous to a speed that is 2-4% less than the synchronous one. Then, by switching, the rotor winding is switched on to the exciter, and, due to the synchronizing moment arising from this, the rotor reaches synchronous speed.

The advantage of traveling magnetic fields of direct current in contrast to traveling magnetic fields of three-phase alternating current is their ability and ability to rotate at any number of revolutions for any number of pole pairs. So, for example, a traveling magnetic field of a direct current at 2P = 16 can have 3000 rpm, while a traveling field of a three-phase alternating current at 2P = 16 can have only 375 rpm. In this case, the frequency of the running magnetic field of the direct current can easily be adjusted to 0, the frequency of the running magnetic field of the three-phase alternating current cannot be theoretically or practically controlled: if 2P = 16 (i.e. 8 pairs of poles), then the rotation frequency of the field can be only 375 rpm / min in accordance with the formula:

where / is the current frequency equal to 50 Hz,

P is the number of pole pairs.

There are devices that regulate the frequency of the supply current. These are the so-called frequency-controlled electric drives. But they are very complex and their limits are very limited.

Three-phase synchronous and asynchronous motors are analogues of the proposed electric motors with a running magnetic field of direct current, since the latter have a number of advantages that neither synchronous nor asynchronous motors of three-phase alternating current have both in terms of commissioning, and in terms of speed control, and in terms of power consumption during operation, and in terms of ease of windings. As regards the execution of the windings, the closest analogue is the “Chernogorov Electric Motor” with all the options (application A 2009 08199 dated 08/03/2009). But in all variants of the “Chernogorov Electric Motor”, the anchors (rotors) on which the windings are laid (in the conductors of which no counter-emf are induced) have collectors. The advantage of the proposed engines is the lack of manifolds.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to create a new generation of irreversible electric motors, the advantages of which are low energy consumption, higher efficiency, ease of starting and speed control under load, significant simplification of the armature windings (stators), which will greatly simplify the manufacture motors and will displace from all industries powerful synchronous and asynchronous three-phase AC motors and powerful commutator motors Drivers of a direct current. And the conversion of direct current to three-phase alternating current with a wide range of frequency regulation (from 0 to 100 Hz) is very simple.

The solution to the problem is achieved in the proposed electric machines with a running magnetic field of direct current in the following options:

1. In a synchronous DC motor;

2. In an asynchronous DC motor;

3. In a direct current to three-phase alternating current converter.

For electric motors with a running magnetic field of direct current, commissioning is carried out without any jerks of the starting current. Engines start up very smoothly even under load. Both at idle and under load it is very simple and within the widest range that the rotor speed is regulated.

The technical result for synchronous and asynchronous DC motors with a running magnetic field of direct current, as a result of solving the technical problem, confirmed by "Electric engine of Chernogorov" (application N "a 2009 08199 from 08/03/2009) and consists in the following:

1. In connection with the exclusion of the collector and replacing it with fully controllable semiconductor valves, the anchor winding, which fits in the grooves of the stator for both synchronous and asynchronous DC motors and a three-phase alternating current inverter, operates in continuous current mode.

For a synchronous DC motor, the rotor rotates synchronously with the running DC field, since it is designed exactly like the rotor of a three-phase synchronous AC motor, but without starting windings, and its electromagnets are supplied with direct current through contact rings and brushes. The rotor can be explicitly and implicitly.

In an asynchronous DC motor, the rotor is similar to the rotor of a three-phase AC induction motor and rotates asynchronously with a running DC magnetic field due to sliding. But since the speed of the traveling magnetic field of the direct current can smoothly change from 0 to the required revolutions, the execution of short-circuited rotors with deep-grooved (with displacing current) and double squirrel cage disappears.

2. Both synchronous and asynchronous DC motors have a wide limit of regulation of revolutions under load, since the speed of a traveling magnetic field of a direct current is regulated very simply and within the widest limits (from 0 to p _max ).

3. Anchor windings of a traveling magnetic field, stacked on the stators of synchronous and asynchronous DC motors, are much simpler than three-phase AC windings and windings of anchors of DC motors, make both synchronous and asynchronous DC motors irreversible machines, that is, they cannot to be generators and thereby significantly increase the efficiency proposed engines.

4. The proposed synchronous and asynchronous DC motors can operate from rechargeable batteries (in submarines), from mechanical DC sources, and from rectified single-phase and three-phase alternating currents.

A synchronous DC motor has a stator 1 (Fig. 1) with an anchor winding laid in its grooves and a rotor 2 with magnetic poles and a shaft 3 rotating in bearings in the air gap 4.

The asynchronous DC motor has a stator 5 (Fig. 2) no different from the stator 1 of a synchronous DC motor. The rotor 6 with a squirrel wheel is assembled burdened on the shaft 7 and rotates in bearings in the air gap 8. In practice, the rotor 6 with the squirrel cage (squirrel wheel) is no different) from the rotor of a three-phase asynchronous motor.

The windings creating a running DC magnetic field are performed on the stator of both a synchronous and an asynchronous motor and have the following designs, the same for both synchronous and asynchronous motors.

1. Direct anchor (stator) winding.

The direct anchor winding is performed by one or several turns 12 (Fig. 3), wrapped in grooves 10 around their tooth 9. The turns of adjacent adjacent teeth are connected to each other in a single winding by jumpers, each of which is connected to two fully controllable semiconductor valves (seven-cell ) 1 1, one of which is connected to the positive bus, the other to the negative. In FIG. 6 shows a part of the stator 1 (5) with a direct anchor winding made by turns 12 of a copper bus, and each turn is turned around its tooth 9. All turns 12 are wedged in grooves 10 by textolite strips 19.

2. Inverted anchor (stator) winding.

The inverted winding (Fig. 4) is laid in one turn in each groove 10 of the armature (stator), covering one tooth 9 on one side with one half of the coil 13 and the second tooth on the other half with the other half of the coil 13. Each coil 13 is connected to jumpers adjacent to a single winding, each of which is connected to two fully controllable semiconductor valves (seven-wire) 11, one of which is connected to the positive bus, the other to the negative. In FIG. 7 shows a groove 10 with a laid turn 13 of an inverted anchor winding on a stator 1 (5), made of a copper bus and wedged by a textolite strip 19.

3. Inverted windings - windings rotated 180 ° relative to each other: two direct windings or direct and inverted windings or two inverted windings, and any of these pairs of windings fit into the same grooves of a two-collector armature;

For more powerful synchronous and asynchronous DC motors, for a smoother transition of the poles of the traveling magnetic field, two separate windings rotated through 180 ° can be laid in the stator grooves - direct and inverted. In FIG. 8 shows how the turns of 180 ° inverted and direct windings in each groove 10 of the anchor winding on stator 1 (5) are stacked. The grooves 10 are lined with insulating material 17. The coils 13 and 12 are wedged by textolite strips 19. One winding is separated from the other by an insulating gasket 18. All the grooves of the anchor windings are jammed with fenders 15.

4. The core winding.

In heavy-duty synchronous and asynchronous DC motors with a running DC magnetic field, the anchor windings on the stator are made by rod windings. In fact, it is combined direct and inverted windings, copper insulated rods 21 of which are laid in grooves 10 pressed against the teeth 9 and are assembled by jumpers on both end faces of the stator 1 (5). In FIG. Figure 5 shows a part of the core winding with the number of grooves 52 and the number of running poles 2P = 4. On both sides of the stator, the rods 21 are connected by jumpers and two fully controlled valves 1 1 are connected to each jumper, which are connected to positive and negative buses on each side of the stator.

At the base of each groove 10 of any anchor winding, a short-circuited copper coil 20 is pressed into the entire length of the groove (Figs. 7 and 8). These short-circuited turns, penetrated by magnetic lines of force during the reconnection of the coil of the traveling magnetic field winding, create their magnetic field at the entrance to the groove from the stator 1 (5), directed against the magnetic field of the coil of the winding inside the groove, which allows the magnetic lines of force of the coil of the winding to close through the teeth 9 and exit into the air gap 4 (8) (Fig. 1 and 2).

In FIG. 5 asterisks (*) indicate open V7 and V8 semiconductors and show the directions of currents in the rods 21, laid in grooves 10 N2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 around the teeth 9 of the armature (stator) during engine operation. Next, valve V9 opens and valve V7 closes, after which valve VI 0 opens and valve V8 closes, etc. And in this order, the positive valves open along the entire circumference of the anchor winding laid on the stator. Similarly, through pole division, negative gates open and close in a checkerboard pattern, causing the poles of the magnetic field of the armature winding to run around the circumference as shown by the arrows at the indicated poles S and N. Due to the sequence of opening and closing of the valves (seven-cell), the poles of the DC magnetic field run along the circumference of the stator. In this case, each magnetic pole loses its part at the running edge and acquires a new part of the pole in the running part in the form of teeth 9. Similarly, the magnetic poles run around the circumference of the stators and at the direct winding, and at the inverted winding at each switching of the valves at the boundaries of the pole divisions, magnetizing one tooth 9 in front of the vanguard of each magnetic pole and demagnetizing one tooth 9 in the rearguard of each magnetic pole. Thus, a running DC magnetic field is generated for synchronous and asynchronous DC motors and for converters of direct current into a three-phase alternating current.

The rotor 2 of the synchronous DC motor (Fig. 9) is assembled lined from insulated sheets of electrical steel or permalloy on the shaft 3. In the regions of the poles, the implicit pole rotor 2 has grooves 23 bounded by the teeth 24. The rotor winding shown in FIG. 11. In the grooves 23 of each pole, the winding 25 sequentially bypasses each tooth 24 of the pole. The windings of each pole of the rotor can be connected in series or in parallel to a series or parallel group, the beginning and ends of which are connected to the contact rings of the rotor. The number of pairs of magnetic poles on the rotor should correspond to the number of pairs of magnetic poles of the running field of the stator.

A groove 23 with a laid turn 25 of the pole rotor winding of the synchronous motor is shown in FIG. 10. The grooves 23 as well as the grooves of the anchor windings (in FIGS. 7 and 8) are lined with insulation 17 from pressboard and varnish. The winding 25 is a copper bus. Copper busbars in the groove are wedged with textolite strips 19 and jammed in the groove with a wooden or fiber spur 15. The grooves of the magnetic poles of rotor 2 differ from the grooves of the anchor windings of the stators by the absence of short-circuited rings 20 (copper short-circuited turns).

The number of pole pairs of the running field of the stator of an asynchronous DC motor is selected in the same way as for a synchronous motor, in dependencies on engine power. The rotor 6 is dialed in a charge of insulated sheets of electrical steel on the shaft 7 (Fig. 2) and has a squirrel wheel, the rods of which are closed by rings. Squirrel-cage rotors of 6 asynchronous DC motors are made completely according to the technology of manufacturing rotors of three-phase asynchronous AC motors.

In a DC induction motor, as well as in a three-phase AC induction motor, the rotor field also rotates synchronously with the stator field, ahead of the rotor rotating asynchronously.

Essentially, in a DC induction motor, the magnetic flux during energy transfer serves as the same link between the armature winding (on the stator) and the rotor, as does the flux in the transformer during energy transfer from the primary to secondary winding. But the flow of an asynchronous DC motor, as well as a three-phase alternating current, rotates in space, and together they run along a circle with a synchronous wave speed of m.s. stator and rotor. In relation to each other, these waves are m.s. remain stationary, which is a characteristic condition for the complete transfer of power by a rotating field. But since the transformer effect of a DC induction motor does not work in the opposite direction from the rotor to the stator, the energy of the rotor to the motor shaft is compensated for at a higher slip of the rotor, which does not interfere with the operation of the DC induction motor, since the speed of the traveling field at any number of pole pairs can be arbitrarily large and can automatically increase with engine load. Due to this, an asynchronous DC motor more stably maintains revolutions on the shaft with an increase in mechanical load than an asynchronous three-phase AC motor. If instead of a short-circuited rotor, a locked phase rotor 31 with a three-phase winding (Fig. 14) connected to a star or a triangle is placed in an asynchronous DC motor, the asynchronous motor turns into a three-phase alternating current inverter (into a kind of three-phase alternating current generator).

An asynchronous DC motor with a braked phase rotor (31) with slip rings and brushes and equipped with a braking mechanism (magnetic brake) is converted into a DC-DC converter into a three-phase AC with a wide range of frequency regulation.

The rotor of a synchronous DC motor can be performed in the same way as the rotor with explicit poles of a three-phase alternating current synchronous motor with any number P of pole pairs. But since the rotation speed of a running DC field has nothing to do with the rotation formula of a three-phase traveling field, its speed can be any for any number of pole pairs.

The running field of the anchor winding laid on the stator is controlled by both a synchronous and an asynchronous DC motor using a traveling field speed controller. It consists (Fig. 12) of a fixed drum 22 from one end of which photodiodes are installed in slots 26 (instead of photodiodes, photoresistors can be used). Each photodiode 26 controls its own chemistor, indicated by the photodiode and installed in the traveling field winding circuit laid on the stator. A light source 27 is installed in the center of the drum 22. The end part of the drum 22 with the photodiodes installed in the sockets 26 and the light source 27 is closed by a disk 28 that rotates with the shaft of a low-power direct current shunt electric motor of the control system. In the center of the disk 28, a reflector 29 is mounted, which collects light from the light source 27 and directs it to the mirror 30, also mounted on the disk 28. The dimensions of the mirror such that they simultaneously illuminate four sockets with photodiodes 26. When the shaft of the control motor rotates, the disk 28 with the reflector 29 and the mirror 30 rotates. The sockets of the photodiodes 26 on the drum 22 are arranged in such a way that each photodiode controls its own semistor in the winding of the circuit with a running constant field the current shown in FIG. 3 or in FIG. 4. The mirror 30 during rotation of the disk 28 overlaps the four slots 26 so that between each overlap of the four slots two slots remain overlapped. The photodiodes installed in the nests of the outer circumference of the drum 22 control the seistors connected to the positive (positive) bus, and the photodiodes installed in the sockets of the inner circumference of the drum 22 control the seistors connected to the negative (negative) power bus of the traveling magnetic field of direct current. Due to this, the winding of FIG. 3 (Fig. 4) operates in continuous direct current mode and forms, when the disk 28 is rotated, two running magnetic direct current poles - north and south. Depending on the revolutions of the controlled electric motor, the DC magnetic poles of the armature winding on the stator run, and consequently the magnetic rotor of the synchronous DC motor. The squirrel cage rotor of the asynchronous DC motor will lag behind the running armature field by the amount of slip.

Instead of mirrors on the disk 28, it is possible to install bundles of optical fibers and control a traveling magnetic field with a significant number of pole pairs. On the fixed drum 22, it is possible to place a different number of sockets with photodiodes or photoresistors with parallel control from one photodiode by several semistors, simultaneously driving several running poles around the circumference of the stator. You can amplify control pulses from photodiodes (photoresistors) using transistors. Thus running field control in all windings motors with a running magnetic field of direct current is produced by the revolutions of the shunt electric motor of the control system using photodiodes in the photodiode mode, as well as photoresistors for controlling electric current in the circuits of the armature windings of the motor anchors.

In most cases, rectified alternating current is used as direct current to power the armature and rotor windings of motors with a running magnetic field of direct current.

Due to the fact that electric motors with a running magnetic field of direct current are irreversible machines, since neither emf nor counter emf are induced in their anchor windings, they can be powered by a rectified current at very low voltage from load transformers of both single-phase and three-phase alternating current.

The circuit for rectifying the load current from the single-phase load transformer HTr is shown in FIG. 13. The rectified voltage and current are regulated by an AvTr autotransformer. To power powerful electric motors with a running magnetic field of direct current rectified by three-phase current, shown in FIG. 13 single-phase devices are combined into a three-phase group, including parallel outputs of the rectified current and by combining the power of AvTr autotransformers with a mechanical combination of controlling autotransformers of three phases into a three-phase group (star or triangle).

The list of figures in the drawings

FIG. 1 - the drawing shows a synchronous motor device with a running magnetic field of direct current.

FIG. 2 - the drawing shows a device of an induction motor with a running magnetic field of direct current. FIG. 3 - the drawing shows a device for direct winding of an electric motor with a running magnetic field of direct current. The diagram shows the connection of fully controllable semiconductor valves to the windings.

FIG. 4 - the drawing shows the device inverted winding of an electric motor with a running magnetic field of direct current. The diagram shows the connection of fully controllable valves to the semi-turns of the winding.

FIG. 5 - the drawing shows a rod winding device of an electric motor with a running magnetic field of direct current. The drawing takes part of the core winding to explain the combinations of straight and inverted windings in one whole winding and shows a schematic diagram of the inclusion on the winding rods of fully controllable valves with two-way power supply to the poles of the running magnetic field of the armature.

FIG. 6 - part of the stator with anchor winding. The drawing shows a section of the running north pole of a synchronous (asynchronous) motor with a running magnetic field of direct current.

FIG. 7 - the drawing shows a section of the groove of the stator armature winding with a turn of the inverted winding of the synchronous (asynchronous) motor with a running DC magnetic field.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a groove of the stator armature winding with a laid half-turn of a straight line and a turn of inverted windings of a synchronous (asynchronous) motor with a running magnetic field of direct current.

FIG. 9 - shows an unwound four-pole (non-polar) rotor of a synchronous motor with a running magnetic field of direct current.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a pole groove of an implicit pole rotor of a synchronous motor with a running magnetic field of direct current. The groove shows a cut turn of the south pole. FIG. 11 is a diagram of a winding of a rotor magnetic pole of an implicit pole rotor of a synchronous motor with a running DC magnetic field.

FIG. 12 - the drawing shows the main elements of the speed controller of the traveling magnetic field of synchronous and asynchronous DC motors and a DC-to-three-phase AC converter.

FIG. 13 - the drawing shows the electric circuit of the rectified current supply of synchronous and asynchronous DC motors from a single-phase load transformer НТр with regulation of the supply current through the regulating autotransformer AvTr.

FIG. 14 - the drawing shows a DC-to-three-phase alternating current converter with an adjustable frequency. It has a stator with a running magnetic field of direct current and a braked phase rotor of an asynchronous motor of a three-phase alternating current with a three-phase winding connected to a star or a triangle.

Electric motors with a running magnetic field of direct current can be performed with both horizontal and vertical shaft arrangement.

Due to the simplicity of the device, the simplicity of manufacturing the stator armature windings, the simplicity of speed control, commissioning and reverse, synchronous and asynchronous motors with a running DC magnetic field will find the widest application in industry and transport in Ukraine.

Claims

Claim

1. An electric motor with a running magnetic field of direct current has a fixed stator with a winding and a rotor with explicit or implicit magnetic poles, with slip rings and brushes for powering the electromagnets of the rotor with direct current or a squirrel-cage rotor with a squirrel wheel, which The fact is that the running magnetic field on the laden stator (1, 5) is created by direct current flowing through the direct winding laid on the stator, each turn of which is made of a copper bus (12) and laid in grooves (10) around each of the killer (9) and each individual turn is connected in series with the adjacent winding, or by the inverted winding laid on the stator, each turn (13) of which in each stator groove (10) covers only one side of two adjacent teeth (9) and connected into a single winding, or at the same time in the same grooves (10) on the stator can be laid two turned 180 ° straight or straight and turned windings, or a rod winding, tires (21) of which are switched into turns according to the type of straight and 180 ° turned and inverted windings and are going to a hundred a single winding, but at the base of each groove (10), a short-circuited copper coil (20) is pressed into its entire length at any anchor winding and any of the windings laid on the stator creates a running DC magnetic field using fully controlled semiconductor valves, which Thanks to the photodiode or photoresistor control device, which is controlled by a DC shunt motor, forms a running DC magnetic field on the stator with the required calculated number of pairs of traveling magnets. tnyh poles, the rotational speed of which is directly dependent on the rotational speed control device photodiode or photoresist, and hence the frequency control engine, the speed of which can be regulated from several revolutions per minute to three or more thousand revolutions per minute, which makes smooth starts and reverses of the engine with a running magnetic field of direct current.

2. An electric motor with a running magnetic field of direct current according to claim 1, which stipulates that it is an irreversible machine and for this reason its anchor winding on the stator is made of a single large section bus, so that the necessary ampere-turns are created by large currents at low voltages, which can provide load transformers (NTR) with secondary windings of large cross section and a small number of turns, followed by rectification of the secondary current to power the stator winding with a running magnetic field direct current, and to power a powerful motor with a running magnetic field of direct current, three single-phase power supplies with load transformers, regulating autotransformers (AvTr) and rectifiers (V) are combined into a three-phase group, connecting the power of autotransformers (AvTr) with a mechanical control unit by a star or triangle autotransformers of three phases, and the outputs of the rectified current are connected in parallel.

3. An electric motor with a running magnetic field of direct current according to paragraphs. 1 or 2, which implies that the motor is synchronous and the rotor with undetectable magnetic poles, having more than one pair of poles, is dialed in electric steel lined with magnetic teeth (24 ) and grooves (23) in which separate turns (25) are made around each tooth (24) made by a copper bus and connected in series into a single winding of the magnetic pole, and the pole windings, depending on the design of the motor, are connected to each other in series or parallel groups, the beginnings and ends of which are displayed on the rotor rings.

4. An electric motor with a running magnetic field of direct current according to paragraphs. 1 or 2, which differs in that it is asynchronous and has a phase rotor (31) with a three-phase winding connected to a star or a triangle, while the rotor can be inhibited with the phase leads without contact rings or the phase rotor can be brake with contact rings, brushes and electromagnetic brake.