Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
  • C07C51/41—Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/0683—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C08G73/0688—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with only one nitrogen atom in the ring, e.g. polyquinolines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
  • C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
  • C07C51/367—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C65/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C65/21—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/0666—Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C08G73/0677—Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with only two nitrogen atoms in the ring

Definitions

• This invention relates to the manufacture of fluorinated ethers of hydroxy aromatic acids, which are valuable for a variety of purposes such as use as
• Fluorinated organic compounds have been used in a wide variety of applications, for example, in surface treatments, as intermediates in the synthesis of, e.g. pharmaceuticals, and as monomers in the synthesis of polymers with highly valued properties.
• compounds or as components of polymers they are used to impart soil, water and oil resistance, and improved flame retardancy to materials, especially in fiber-related industries.
• the fluorinated compounds are applied as a topical treatment, but their effectiveness decreases over time because of material loss resulting from wear and washing. A need thus remains to provide polymeric materials that have improved, more durable soil and oil resistance.
• the disclosures herein include new fluorinated ethers of aromatic acids, processes for the preparation of a fluorinated ether of an aromatic acid, processes for the preparation of products into which such a fluorinated ether can be converted, the use of such processes, and the products obtained and obtainable by such processes.
• Ar is a C6 ⁇ C2o monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic nucleus
• n and m are each independently a nonzero value
• n+m is less than or equal to 8
• R f is a fluorinated alkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl or aryl group, optionally containing one or more ether linkages -0- , with the proviso that R f is not attached to the ether oxygen in Formula I via a CF 2 group or a
• Another embodiment of this invention provides a process for preparing a compound, monomer, oligomer or polymer by preparing a fluorinated ether of an aromatic acid that is described by the structure of Formula I, and then subjecting the ether so produced to a reaction (including a multi-step reaction) to prepare therefrom a compound, monomer, oligomer or polymer.
• This disclosure provides a process for preparing a fluorinated ether of an aromatic acid, the ether being represented by the structure of the following Formula I :
• Ar is a C6 ⁇ C2o monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic nucleus
• n and m are each independently a nonzero value
• n+m is less than or equal to 8
• R f is a fluorinated alkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl or aryl group, optionally containing one or more ether linkages -0- , with the proviso that R f is not attached to the ether oxygen in Formula I via a CF 2 group or a CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 group, comprising :
• each X is independently CI, Br or I, and Ar, n and m are as set forth above, with
• step (b) heating the reaction mixture to form the m-basic salt of the product of step (a) , as is
• alkyl denotes a univalent group derived from an alkane by removing a hydrogen atom from any carbon atom: -C x H2 X +i where x ⁇ 1.
• aryl denotes a univalent group whose free valence is to a carbon atom of an aromatic ring.
• aralkyl denotes an alkyl group which bears an aryl group.
• benzyl group i.e., the radical
• alkaryl denotes an aryl group which bears an alkyl group.
• alkyl group Some examples are the 4-methylphenyl radical,
• Rf examples include without limitation:
• Ar is a C6-- C20 monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic nucleus; n and m are each independently a nonzero value and n+m is less than or equal to 8; and in Formula II, each X is
• n+m valent C6-- C20 monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic nucleus formed by the removal of n+m hydrogens from different carbon atoms on the aromatic ring, or on the aromatic rings when the structure is polycyclic.
• the radical "Ar” may be substituted or unsubstituted; when unsubstituted, it contains only carbon and hydrogen.
• m-basic salt is the salt formed from an acid that contains in each molecule m acid groups having a replaceable hydrogen atom.
• Various halogenated aromatic acids to be used as a starting material in the process of this invention, are commercially available.
• 2-bromobenzoic acid is available from Aldrich Chemical Company
• halogenated aromatic acids that can be used include without limitation 2 , 5-dibromobenzoic acid, 2- bromo-5-nitrobenzoic acid, 2-bromo-5-methylbenzoic acid, 2-chlorobenzoic acid, 2 , 5-dichlorobenzoic acid, 2-chloro- 3 , 5-dinitrobenzoic acid, 2-chloro-5-methylbenzoic acid, 2-bromo-5-methoxybenzoic acid, 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid, 2 , 3-dichlorobenzoic acid, 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid, 2 , 5-dichloroterephthalic acid, 2-chloro-5- nitrobenzoic acid, 2 , 5-dibromoterephthalic acid, and 2,5- dichloroterephthalic acid, all of which are commercially available.
• the halogenated aromatic acid is 2 , 5-dibromoterephthalic acid or 2 , 5-dichloroter
• a halogenated aromatic acid is contacted with the alcoholate R f O ⁇ M + , wherein R f is as defined above and M is Na or K, in a polar aprotic solvent or in R f OH as a solvent; a copper (I) or copper (II) source; and a diamine ligand that coordinates to copper .
• the alcohol may be R f OH, which is preferred, or it may be an alcohol that is not more acidic than R f OH. Examples of suitable alcohols include without limitation methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, i-butanol, and phenol, with the proviso that the alcohol is not more acidic than R f OH.
• the solvent may also be a polar protic or polar aprotic solvent or a mixture of protic or polar aprotic solvent.
• a polar solvent as used herein, is a solvent whose constituent molecules exhibit a nonzero dipole moment.
• a polar protic solvent, as used herein is a polar solvent whose constituent molecules contain an O-H or N-H bond.
• a polar aprotic solvent, as used herein, is a polar solvent whose constituent molecules do not contain an O-H or N-H bond.
• Non limiting examples of polar solvents other than an alcohol suitable for use herein include tetrahydrofuran, N- methylpyrrolidone,
• a halogenated aromatic acid is preferably contacted with a total of from about n+m to n+m+1 equivalents of the alcoholate RO ⁇ M + per equivalent of halogenated aromatic acid. Between m and m+1
• the total amount of alcoholate not exceed m+n+1. It is also preferred that the total amount of alcoholate not be less than m+n in order to avoid reduction reactions.
• One "equivalent” as used in this context is the number of moles of alcoholate RO ⁇ M that will react with one mole of hydrogen ions; for an acid, one equivalent is the number of moles of acid that will supply one mole of hydrogen ions .
• the halogenated aromatic acid is also contacted with a copper (I) or (II) source in the presence of a diamine ligand that coordinates to copper.
• the copper source and the ligand may be added sequentially to the reaction mixture, or may be combined separately (for example, in a solution of water or acetonitrile) and added together.
• the copper source is a Cu(I) salt, a Cu(II) salt, or mixtures thereof. Examples include without limitation CuCl, CuBr, Cul, Cu 2 S0 4 , CuN0 3 , CuCl 2 , CuBr 2 , Cul 2 , CuS0 4 , and Cu(NC>3) 2 .
• the selection of the copper source may be made in relation to the identity of the halogenated aromatic acid used.
• the starting halogenated aromatic acid is a bromobenzoic acid
• CuCl, CuBr, Cul, Cu 2 S0 4 , CuN0 3 , CuCl 2 , CuBr 2 , Cul 2 , CuS0 4 , and Cu( 0 3 ) 2 will be included among the useful choices.
• the starting halogenated aromatic acid is a chlorobenzoic acid
• CuBr, Cul, CuBr 2 and Cul 2 will be included among the useful choices.
• a measured amount (-0.25 mol of 0 2 /mol of Cul) may be added to dissolve Cul in the diamine/alcohol solution.
• CuBr and CuBr 2 are in general preferred choices for most systems.
• the amount of copper used is typically about 0.1 to about 5 mol% based on moles of halogenated aromatic acid.
• the ligand may be a straight- or branched-chain or cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic, substituted or
• the ligand may be a diamine that contains carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms only.
• the amine ligand may contain hetero atoms such as oxygen or sulfur.
• the amine may contain at least one primary or secondary amino group.
• Primary or secondary diamines suitable for use herein as the ligand include those described generally by the following Formula VI
• R 3 and R 4 are each independently
• R 3 and R 4 are joined to form a ring structure that is
• Ci2 aromatic substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl ring structure; and wherein a, b, and c are each independently 0-4.
• R x s is H. In other embodiments, one or both of the R 2 s is also H. In other embodiments, any one or more of R 1 to R 4 may be a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl or phenyl radical.
• the aliphatic ring structure may be a cyclohexylene group, which is the divalent radical, - ⁇ -, as shown below, thus providing a cyclohexyl diamine :
• R 3 and R 4 The formation of a cyclohexylene group from R 3 and R 4 may be illustrated generally by the following structure
• R 1 , R 2 , a and c are as set forth above.
• one amino group, or the alkyl radical on which it is located may be in the meta or para position on the cycloalkyl or aromatic ring to the other amino group.
• Particularly suitable aliphatic diamines include N, N' -di-n-alkylethylene diamines and ⁇ , ⁇ '-di-n- alkylcyclohexane-1 , 2-diamines .
• suitable aromatic diamines include without limitation
• Ligands of particular versatility include secondary amines, particularly N, N' -substituted 1,2- diamines, including those that that may be described as R 5 NH- (CHR 6 CHR 7 ) -NHR 8 wherein R 5 and R 8 are each
• R 6 and R 7 are each independently chosen from the group of H and C 1 -C4 alkyl radicals, and/or where R 6 and R 7 may be joined to form a ring structure.
• R 3 and R 4 are joined to form an aromatic ring structure, and/or when a cyclic amine ligand contains one or more aromatic ring
• more severe reaction conditions e.g. higher temperature, or larger amounts of copper and/or ligand
• more severe reaction conditions e.g. higher temperature, or larger amounts of copper and/or ligand
• a ligand suitable for use herein may be
• Various copper sources and ligands suitable for use herein may be made by processes known in the art, or are available commercially from suppliers such as Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, Massachusetts) , City Chemical (West Haven, Connecticut) , Fisher Scientific (Fairlawn, New Jersey), Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri) or Stanford Materials (Aliso Viejo, California).
• the ligand may be provided in an amount of about 1 to about 8, preferably about 1 to about 2, molar equivalents of ligand per mole of copper.
• the ratio of molar equivalents of ligand to molar equivalents of halogenated aromatic acid may be less than or equal to about 0.1.
• the term "molar equivalent" indicates the number of moles of ligand that will
• step (b) the reaction mixture is heated to form the m-basic salt as represented by the structure of the following Formula III:
• reaction temperature for steps (a) and (b) is preferably between about 40 and about 120°C, more preferably between about 50 and about 90°C.
• time required for step (a) is from about 0.1 to about 1 hour.
• time required for step (b) is typically from about 1 to about 100 hours. Optimal times and temperatures may vary depending on the specific
• Oxygen may be desirably excluded during the reaction.
• the solution is typically allowed to cool before optional step (c) and before the acidification in step (d) is carried out.
• the m-basic salt of the ether of the aromatic acid is then contacted in step (d) with acid to convert it to the hydroxy aromatic acid product.
• acid Any acid of sufficient strength to protonate the m-basic salt is suitable. Examples include without limitation
• hydrochloric acid sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.
• the copper (I) or copper (II) source is selected from the group consisting of
• the ligand is selected from the group consisting of N, N' -dimethylethylene
• the fluorinated ethers of aromatic acids made using the process described herein can be fabricated as fibers, yarns, carpets, garments, films, molded parts, paper and cardboard, stone, and tile to impart soil, water and oil resistance.
• fluorinated ethers of aromatic acids, or diesters thereof, into polymer backbones more lasting soil, water and oil resistance, as well as improved flame retardance, can be achieved.
• the process described above also allows for effective and efficient synthesis of products made from the resulting fluorinated ethers of aromatic acids such as a compound, a monomer, or an oligomer or polymer thereof.
• These produced materials may have one or more of ester functionality, ether functionality, amide functionality, imide functionality, imidazole
• a Formula I compound may, as desired, be isolated and recovered as described above. It may also be subjected with or without recovery from the reaction mixture to further steps to convert it to another product such as another compound (e.g. a monomer), or an oligomer or a polymer. Another embodiment of a process hereof thus provides a process for converting a Formula I compound, through one or more reactions, into another compound, or into an oligomer or a polymer.
• a Formula I compound may be made by a process such as described above, and then may be subjected, for example, to a polymerization reaction to prepare an oligomer or polymer therefrom, such as those having ester functionality or amide functionality, or a pyridobisimidazole-2 , 6- diyl (2, 5-dihydroxy-p-phenylene) polymer.
• the compounds of Formula I made by the process disclosed herein, or their diesters, in particular dimethyl esters, can be used in condensation
• polymerizations to produce fluorinated condensation polymers e.g., including without limitation polyesters, polyamides, polyimides, and polybenzimidazoles .
• Representative reactions involving a material of this invention, or a derivative of such material, such as a diester include, for example, making a polyester from one or more compounds of Formula I and either diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol in the presence of 0.1% of Zn3(B0 3 )2 in 1-methylnaphthalene under nitrogen, according to the method taught in US 3,047,536 (which is
• a fluorinated ether of aromatic acid is suitable for copolymerization with a dibasic acid and a glycol to prepare a heat-stabilized fluorinated polyester according to the method taught in US 3,227,680 (which is incorporated in its entirety as a part hereof for all purposes) , wherein representative conditions involve forming a prepolymer in the presence of titanium tetraisopropoxide in butanol at 200 ⁇ 250°C, followed by solid-phase polymerization at 280°C at a pressure of 0.08 mm Hg .
• diols useful to make from a polyester from a Formula I compound are those that are derived from a fermentation process, and another embodiment of this invention thus involves a process for making from a
• Formula I compound an oligomer or polymer that further includes a step of providing a diol to such a process from a fermentation process.
• a Formula I compound may be converted into a polyamide oligomer or polymer by reaction with a diamine in a process in which, for example, the polymerization takes place in solution in an organic compound that is liquid under the conditions of the reaction, is a solvent for both the Formula I compound and the diamine, and has a swelling or partial salvation action on the polymeric product.
• the reaction may be effected at moderate temperatures, e.g. under 100°C, and is preferably
• Suitable solvents include methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile, N,N- dimethylacetamide dimethyl formamide containing 5% lithium chloride, and N-methyl pyrrolidone containing a quaternary ammonium chloride such as methyl tri-n-butyl ammonium chloride or methyl-tri-n-propyl ammonium
• a Formula I compound may also be converted into a polyamide oligomer or polymer by reaction with a diamine in a process in which, for example, a solution of the diamine in a solvent may be contacted in the presence of an acid acceptor with a solution of the Formula I compound in a second solvent that is immiscible with the first to effect polymerization at the interface of the two phases.
• the diamine may, for example, be dissolved or dispersed in a water containing base with the base being used in sufficient quantities to neutralize the acid generated during polymerization.
• Sodium hydroxide may be used as the acid acceptor.
• Preferred solvents for the diacid (halide) are tetrachloroethylene,
• the solvent for the Formula I compound should be a relative non- solvent for the amide reaction product, and be relatively immiscible in the amine solvent.
• a preferred threshold of immiscibility is as follows: an organic solvent should be soluble in the amine solvent not more than between 0.01 weight percent and 1.0 weight percent.
• the solution of acid chloride is added to the aqueous slurry. Contacting is generally carried out at from 0°C to 60°C, for example, for from about 1 second to 10 minutes, and preferably from 5 seconds to 5 minutes at room temperature. Polymerization occurs rapidly. Processes similar to the foregoing are described in US 3,554,966 and US 5,693,227.
• a fluorinated ether of aromatic acid can also be polymerized with the trihydrochloride-monohydrate of tetraaminopyridine in a condensation polymerization in strong polyphosphoric acid under slow heating above 100°C up to about 180°C under reduced pressure, followed by precipitation in water, as disclosed in US 5,674,969
• the polymer that may be so produced may be a pyridobisimidazole-2 , 6-diyl (2 , 5-dialkoxy-p- phenylene) polymer or a pyridobisimidazole-2 , 6-diyl (2 , 5- diareneoxy-p-phenylene) polymer such as a poly (1, 4- (2, 5- diareneoxy) phenylene-2 , 6-pyrido [ 2 , 3-d: 5,6- d ' ] bisimidazole) polymer.
• the pyridobisimidazole portion thereof may, however, be replaced by any one or more of a benzobisimidazole, benzobisthiazole, benzobisoxazole, pyridobisthiazole and a pyridobisoxazole ; and the 2,5- dialkoxy-p-phenylene portion thereof may be replaced by an alkyl or aryl ether of one or more of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, 2 , 6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 4 , 4 ' -diphenyl
• the polymer prepared in such manner may, for example, contain one or more of the following units:
• pyridobisthiazole-2 6-diyl (2, 5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene)
• pyridobisthiazole-2, 6-diyl (2, 5-diethoxy-p-phenylene) pyridobisthiazole-2, 6-diyl (2, 5-dipropoxy-p-phenylene)
• pyridobisoxazole-2 6-diyl (2, 5-dialkoxy-p- phenylene) and/or pyridobisoxazole-2 , 6-diyl (2 , 5- diphenoxy-p-phenylene) units;
• benzobisimidazole-2 6-diyl (2, 5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene)
• benzobisimidazole-2, 6-diyl (2, 5-diethoxy-p-phenylene) benzobisimidazole-2, 6-diyl (2, 5-dipropoxy-p-phenylene)
• benzobisthiazole-2 6-diyl (2, 5-dialkoxy-p- phenylene) and/or benzobisthiazole-2 , 6-diyl (2 , 5- diphenoxy-p-phenylene) units; units selected from the group consisting of benzobisthiazole-2, 6-diyl (2, 5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene) , benzobisthiazole-2, 6-diyl (2, 5-diethoxy-p-phenylene) , benzobisthiazole-2, 6-diyl (2, 5-dipropoxy-p-phenylene) , benzobisthiazole-2 , 6-diyl (2 , 5-dibutoxy-p-phenylene) and benzobisthiazole-2, 6-diyl (2, 5-diphenoxy-p-phenylene) ;
• benzobisoxazole-2 6-diyl (2, 5-dialkoxy-p- phenylene) and/or benzobisoxazole-2 , 6-diyl (2 , 5-diphenoxy- p-phenylene) units; and/or
• benzobisoxazole-2 6-diyl (2, 5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene)
• benzobisoxazole-2, 6-diyl (2, 5-diethoxy-p-phenylene) benzobisoxazole-2, 6-diyl (2, 5-dipropoxy-p-phenylene)
• a plurality of compounds may be described by selecting more than one but less than all of the members of the whole group of radicals, substituents or numerical
• variable radicals, substituents or numerical coefficients is a subgroup containing (i) only one of the members of the whole group described by the range, or (ii) more than one but less than all of the members of the whole group, the selected member (s) are selected by omitting those member (s) of the whole group that are not selected to form the subgroup.
• the compound, or plurality of compounds may in such event be characterized by a definition of one or more of the variable radicals, substituents or numerical
• range includes the endpoints thereof and all the individual integers and fractions within the range, and also includes each of the narrower ranges therein formed by all the various possible combinations of those endpoints and internal integers and fractions to form subgroups of the larger group of values within the stated range to the same extent as if each of those narrower ranges was explicitly recited.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Polyamides (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=43648250

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2010
  • 2010-09-01 TW TW099129600A patent/TW201127805A/zh unknown
  • 2010-09-02 JP JP2012528035A patent/JP2013503892A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-09-02 US US12/874,430 patent/US20110060117A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-09-02 CN CN2010800496967A patent/CN102596884A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-09-02 WO PCT/US2010/047632 patent/WO2011028872A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-09-02 EP EP10814476A patent/EP2473471A2/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-09-02 KR KR1020127008227A patent/KR20120057641A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-09-02 IN IN2061DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN02061A/en unknown

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events