WO2011022704A1

WO2011022704A1 - Water harvesting system components and methods

Info

Publication number: WO2011022704A1
Application number: PCT/US2010/046240
Authority: WO
Inventors: W. Joseph Alexander
Original assignee: Alexander Innovations, Llc
Priority date: 2009-08-21
Filing date: 2010-08-20
Publication date: 2011-02-24

Abstract

Systems, methods and kits for water harvest are shown and described. In one embodiment, a system includes a wall; a storage system interfaced with the wall; a catchment system in fluid communication with the storage system; and a controlled output system in fluid communication with the storage system.

Description

Water Harvesting System, Components, and Methods

Field

The current disclosure is directed to methods of harvesting water, and more particularly, to systems and methods for harvesting water.

Background

Applicant has indentifϊed a need for improved systems, methods, kits and components for water harvesting. Summary

The present disclosure is directed to systems, methods, kits and components for harvesting water. In some embodiments, the invention includes a water harvesting system (WH system). One embodiment comprises a wall; a storage system interfaced with the wall; a catchment system in fluid communication with the storage system; and a controlled output system in fluid communication with the storage system. Another embodiment comprises a storage system in communication with a catchment system and a controlled output system.

In other embodiments, the invention includes a water harvesting system (WH system) for positioning in areas of narrow clearance, e.g., the crawlspace of a structure, under a deck, an attic, etc. A typical embodiment comprises a storage system configured to position beneath the structure; a catchment system in fluid communication with the storage system; and a controlled output system in fluid communication with the storage system.

In other embodiments, the invention includes kits containing system components configured to interface.

In other embodiments, the invention includes methods of harvesting water, dispensing water, and installing harvesting systems.

The above summary was intended to summarize certain embodiments of the invention. Systems, kits, and methods of the present invention will be set forth in more detail, along with examples explaining efficacy, in the figures and detailed description below. It will be apparent, however, that the detailed description is not intended to limit the present invention.

Brief Description of the Figures

Figure 1 illustrates a cutaway, partial view of one embodiment of a WH system. Figure 2 illustrates another view of the WH system of Figure 1 showing additional components.

Figure 3 illustrates another view of the WH system for exemplifying water volume capacity.

Figure 4 illustrates a side view of spacer blocks of a WH system.

Figure 5 illustrates another view of spacer blocks.

Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary, partial view of a fluid communication assembly interfacing a storage system.

Figure 7 illustrates an exemplary portion of a storage system.

Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary wall and wall interface.

Figure 9 further illustrates an exemplary wall and wall interface.

Figure 10 illustrates a top view of a system interfaced with a wall.

Figure 11 illustrates a perspective view of a catchment system.

Figure 12 illustrates a partial view of a catchment system including a filter.

Figure 13 illustrates a perspective view of a catchment system including a sediment tray.

Figure 14 illustrates a perspective view of another WH system example.

Figure 15 illustrates a front view of the WH system from Figure 14.

Figure 16 illustrates a side view of the WH system from Figure 14.

Figure 17 illustrates a side view of another catchment system example.

Figure 18 illustrates a front view of the catchment system in Figure 17.

Figure 19 illustrates a back view of the catchment system of Figure 17.

Figure 20 illustrates a plan view of the catchment system of Figure 17.

Figure 21 illustrates an example of a plurality of catchment systems in fluid communication.

Figures 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 22E and 22F illustrate various eccentric reducer examples. Figure 23 illustrates an example of a hose bib interfaced with an eccentric reducer.

Figures 24A, 24B, and 24C illustrate examples of a cradle configured to interface with a retaining wall.

Figure 24D illustrates an example of a mold for forming a cradle.

Figures 25 A, 25B, 25C and 25D illustrate examples of a cradle configured to interface with a cinderblock wall.

Detailed Description of Exemplary Embodiments

Figures 1-13 show various perspective, partial, cutaway, and close up views related to some embodiments of a water harvesting system (WH system) comprising a wall, a storage system interfaced with the wall; a catchment system in fluid

communication with the storage system; and a controlled output system in fluid communication with the storage system.

Figure 1 illustrates a cut away side view of one example of a WH system 2.

System 2 includes a wall 4 and storage system 6. Storage system 6 is interfaced with the wall and is in fluid communication with a catchment system (not illustrated in this figure). Walls are optional components of the system.

In this illustration, the wall includes blocks, e.g. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, which may be in a variety of shapes and configurations. In the example shown, blocks 4 are interlocking retaining wall blocks. Block 4A, for example, may be a keystone cap. Block 4B may be, for example, a standard triplane unit. Blocks 4C and/or 4D may include pipe spacer heads (function discussed in more detail below). A plurality of additional retaining wall blocks 4E may be used as desired. In some examples, the wall will be preexisting, and interface will be established with the preexisting wall. In other embodiments, the interface will be established during the construction of the wall.

Storage system 6 may include a plurality of pipes, e.g., 6G and 6H. In this embodiment, pipes are horizontally oriented and in fluid communication with a catchment system. Pipes may also be oriented such that their length is substantially parallel (i.e., non-perpendicular) to the length of said wall. Although a plurality of pipes are illustrated, some embodiments can include a single pipe. Similarly, pipe diameter and length may vary from embodiment to embodiment. The illustrated dimensions are for illustration only.

The storage system may also include at least one spacer block 10, e.g., block 1OE or 1OF, defining a channel for receiving the pipe. Spacer blocks may be a variety of sizes and define upward pointing channels, e.g. 1OE, or downward pointing channels, e.g. 1OF. Spacer blocks may interconnect as needed, and have a structural integrity sufficient to support storage systems.

Figure 2 illustrates, inter alia, storage system 6, including fluid communication assembly 12. Fluid communication assembly 12 establishes fluid communication within the storage system, for example, between various pipes 6 of the storage system and/or between various catchment and output systems. In this example, pipe 12a of assembly 12 receives water through catchment inflow 14, which may be connected to a variety of catchment systems disclosed herein. As water flows through pipe 12a, it is distributed to pipes 6G, e.g. using T connectors 12T. Once water reaches terminal T connector 12TT, water may flow down to pipe 12B and 12C where it may be delivered to pipe 6H using connector T and/or elbows, e.g., elbow 12E. Assembly 12 may further include at least one discharge for interfacing with a controlled output system. For example, assembly 12 may include gravity discharge 2OA positioned through wall 4 for interfacing with a controlled output system 30a. Assembly 12 may include a pump discharge 2OB for interfacing with a controlled output system 30B. Either 2OA or 2OB may be positioned in other locations in other examples, e.g., 2OB may be positioned through wall 4.

Controlled output systems may vary, e.g., as discussed below. Further, system output can vary from example to example, and may be significant in some embodiments. For example, in embodiments including pump discharge, water flow can vary based on the pump rating (e.g., discharge could range from approximately 12 gallons per minute for a ³A horsepower 4 inch submersible pump to 22 gallons per minute for a 1 horsepower 4 inch submersible pump). Gravity discharge may have lower flow rates.

Embodiments of the system are designed to store substantial quantities of water, for example, hundreds to thousands of gallons of water sufficient to meet a variety of needs. Figure 3 illustrates, inter alia, water harvest volumes for one example, with some parts not shown to facilitate viewing. In system 2, for example, when using three 12" pipes 6G @ 28', 493 gallons of water captured by catch basin 32 may be readily stored. Similarly, 28' of 24" pipe 6H can be used to store 658 gallons of water captured by catch basin 32. The combined capacity is over 1000 gallons. Figure 3 also illustrates vented cap 12Z, which may facilitate output of water from the system.

Figure 4 illustrates, inter alia, one example of spacer blocks 10 being interfaced.

In this example, spacer blocks vertically interlock via tabs 1OA and recesses 1OB configured to receive tabs 1OA. Tabs and recesses are shown as triangular, but may vary in shape and size from embodiment to embodiment. Spacer blocks allow, inter alia, a system to be readily assembled with the structural integrity sufficient to support a variety of storage systems. Spacer block construction will typically be plastic or polymer, but may similarly vary from embodiment to embodiment.

Figure 5 illustrates, inter alia, one embodiment of a spacer block 10 that is configured to engage a pipe. In this embodiment, the spacer block defines an upward pointing channel for receiving a pipe of the storage system and further includes strap 1OC used for interface. In other spacer block examples, other pipe interfaces may be used, e.g., clamps, winch tie downs, etc. for pipe interface. Strap 1OC may include a head, e.g. 1OX and a tail, e.g. 1OY. Spacer block bottoms may further include a head hole 1 IA and strap exit slots 1 IB to facilitate interface of a strap with a block. When placed in the channel of a spacer block, a storage system pipe can be quickly and readily secured in the manner illustrated.

Figure 6 illustrates a partial, cutaway view of view of storage system 6, including a partial view of fluid communication assembly 12. Figure 7 illustrates one example of an end cap C, which may be for pipes 6 of a variety of sizes. Caps C may include an upper access Cl and lower access C2 to facilitate interface with, for example, both pipes 12A and 12B of system 2.

Figures 8, 9, and 10 show various views of, inter alia, one example of the interface between a retaining wall and the storage system. Referring to all three figures, a spacer head block 60 is positioned between retaining wall blocks 62A and 62B to help stabilize, inter alia, storage system 64 including pipes for water storage 66. Spacer head blocks will typically be configured to interface with spacer blocks 70. Interface may be achieved in a variety of ways. In this example, spacer head block 60 defines an aperture 6OA that is shaped to receive a projection 7OA extending from spacer block 70. Spacer blocks may be secured in a variety of ways, e.g. using pin 72, friction, snaps, etc. Spacer blocks may additionally include an aperture 7OB opposite projection 7OA for interfacing with additional spacer blocks. The result is a stable platform 7OC of spacer blocks upon which pipes 66 may be interfaced.

Figures 11, 12, and 13 illustrate an example of a catchment system 32 configured to establish fluid communication with storage systems via discharge pipe 34 and provide water for storage. Catchment systems may include a variety of components and configurations. For example, catchment systems may include a plurality of water inlets, e.g., grate 32A for capturing surface runoff or pipe inlet 32B for capturing water from a point source, e.g., a downspout. Catchment systems may also include an excess overflow 32C for facilitating the removal of water when the storage system becomes full. In many examples, systems will include a filter, e.g. removable filter assembly 40 including filter 4OA. Filters can be used to remove sand and silt. Filers may also be placed upstream of the catchment system. For example, water entering the basin via inlet 32B may be filtered by a screen or gutter guard prior to reaching the system. Chlorine tablets or chlorination systems can also be used to control microbial populations as desired. Some examples may also include sediment tray 36, which may be used to periodically remove sediment and debris.

Using examples described above, WH systems can be readily and discretely added to a variety of locations and settings, e.g., behind various retaining walls.

Other examples of the invention include systems for positioning in an area of low clearance, e.g., the crawlspace of a structure such as a house or under a deck, in the attic, etc. In typical embodiments, these systems will include a storage system configured to position beneath the structure; a catchment system in fluid communication with the storage system; and a controlled output system in fluid communication with the storage system. The catchment system may include components similar to catchment systems previously described.

Figures 14, 15 and 16 illustrate an example of a WH system 100 embodiment for low clearance, for example below deck 101. Figure 14 shows a perspective view, Figure 15 shows a front view, looking uphill, and Figure 16 shows a side view. Referring to all three figures, WH system 100 includes storage system 102 including a plurality of pipes received by channels of a plurality of spacer blocks 104. Storage system pipes 102A are in fluid communication with each other and with catch basin 106 via fluid

communication assembly 110, including upper pipe HOA, lower pipe HOB, and a plurality of T connectors T connecting storage pipes 102A with fluid communication pipes 11OA and HOB. In this example, storage pipes 102 A are substantially parallel to each other and positioned on spacer blocks 104. Spacer blocks at one end of storage pipes may be positioned uphill of the opposite end to allow for fluid flow in the direction of the arrows to discharge 112, which may be a gravity discharge or pump interface discharge for interfacing with a controlled output system. Fluid communication assembly 110 may also include an air vent 114 to facilitate fluid flow.

Spacer blocks 104 may be horizontally interlocked, e.g., as illustrated in Figure 9. In some embodiments, some flexibility of the interlock between spacer blocks is desirable. For example, in some horizontally interlocked spacer blocks, some flexibility may be desirable to allow for the storage system to more securely rest on uneven ground found in crawl spaces. Somewhat similarly, in some vertically interlocked spacer blocks, some flexibility may be desirable to allow for settlement. The controlled output will typically be configured to deliver water externally of the structure or may be gravity feed or pumped internally within the structure.

Other components of the WH systems may be located in other locations. For example, an attic of a home or other building may be used to locate storage systems of WH systems disclosed herein. Further, catchment systems may be located in a variety of locations. Figures 17, 18, 19, and 20 illustrate another example of a catchment system 200 configured to position on a roof, e.g., roof 202. Figure 17 illustrates a side view of system 200, Figure 18 illustrates a front view of system 200, Figure 19 illustrates a back view of system 200 and Figure 20 illustrates a plan view of system 200. Referring to all four figures, System 200 is configured to capture water running down roof 202 and deliver it to a storage system, e.g., any of those disclosed herein, via pipe 204, which penetrates roof 202 to an attic or other room positioned below the roof. System 200 may be connected to roof 202 in a variety of ways including flange 206. Additionally, examples may include seal 210 positioned around pipe 204 to prevent unwanted water leakage. Water may flow into system 200, for example, from the uphill side 212, the top 216, or both. A plurality of grates may be used to prevent leaves, etc. from entering the system. Overflows 220 may be positioned in a variety of locations. Further, additional filtration systems 222 may be employed. Side angles α may vary depending on the pitch of the roof.

Figure 21 illustrates a plurality of catchment systems 200A, 200B, and 200C positioned in fluid communication on roof 202. In this example, systems 200B and 200C are configured to deliver water to system 200A, which in turn delivers water to the WH storage system via pipe 204. Arrows illustrate the direction of water flow.

In many examples, the controlled output system will receive input from a smaller diameter pipe than the diameter of pipes of the storage system. As a result, a reduction system may be employed. Figures 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 22E and 22F illustrate various views of examples of eccentric reducers for reducing the diameter of storage system pipe 302. Storage pipe 302 may include or may be interfaced with a corrugated component 304 having ridges 304 A and channels 304B around its circumference (as illustrated in Figure 22B). Eccentric reducer 300 may receive corrugated component 304 at end 300A of the reducer and be secured interfaced with component 304 by threading bolts 306 into channels 304B. Reducers may also include a gasket 300C positioned to engage a ridge 304A of component 304, thereby improving the seal of the eccentric reducer. A plurality of bolts 306 may be used to secure the reducer. Applicant has found eccentric reducers to readily maintain water in WH systems under typical system pressures without blowout.

Figure 23 illustrates one example of an output control system that may be in fluid communication with the storage system. In this example, the output control system includes a hose bib 400 for connecting to a garden hose 402, for example, and utilizing water collected by the WH system. In this example, hose bib 400 is connected to an eccentric reducer, e.g., as described above via couplings 404, 406 and 410. Other examples may include more or fewer couplings. Similar, other examples may include other output control systems, e.g., the cut off of a toilet or sprinkler system.

As noted above, in examples including walls, storage systems may be interfaced with the walls to provide improved stability, for example, using pipe spacer heads and spacer blocks that interface with the heads. Figures 24A, 24B, and 24C illustrate another example of interfacing, which may be in addition to or in the alternative of spacer blocks.

This figure show cradle 450, which may be used to interface with blocks of a retaining wall 452. For example, rather than placing a plurality of spacer blocks, a cradle may be formed or provided to support storage systems. Cradle 450 may include a plurality of channels 456 for receiving pipes of the storage system. Cradles may be readily formed, for example, from concrete using a form as illustrated in 24D. Rebar may be used to

strengthen the cradle as desired. Retaining wall blocks may also be used to facilitate

formation of the cradle spacer head.

Figures 25 A, 25B, 25C, and 25D illustrate another example of a cradle 470. In these examples, the cradle 470 is used to interface a cinderblock wall, e.g., wall. Wall

472 may be formed with ledge 472A to receive end 470A of cradle 470. Cradle 470 may include a plurality of channels 470B for interfacing with storage pipes of the system.

Cradle 470 may be formed using concrete as noted above. Rebar may also be used as desired.

Another embodiment includes methods of harvesting water using systems as

described here. Another embodiment includes methods of dispensing water using

systems as described herein. Another embodiment includes methods of installing

systems as described herein.

In one embodiment, installation may include at least any number of the steps

below, which do not need to be performed sequentially:

Positioning WH system comprising a Wall

1. Design a wall for a given landscape including such elements as desired height, length, and setback (Figure 1).

2. Assess the water source for the application (e.g., roof drainage, runoff, or combinations).

3. Incorporate invert elevations of water sources into wall design.

4. Determine type and dimensions of retaining wall units to be used in the application

(Figure 1).

5. Determine geometry of reinforced soil zone based on existing limits of excavation or slope of natural grade (Figure 1). The reinforced soil zone is defined as the area behind the retaining wall (from the back side of the retaining wall units) to the current slope or existing (or anticipated) excavation limits. In Figure 1 it is the area below the horizontal interface between wall units A and B.

6. Use and spacing of commercially available geogrid reinforcement within the reinforced soil zone. 7. Account for any back slope or surcharge conditions in the design if the finished grade behind the wall slopes toward the wall.

8. Assess the optimal geometric arrangement of the water storage system within the

reinforced soil zone (e.g., the use of 12" and 24" cylinders as shown in Figure 1). In some embodiments, software may be used that would allow users to quickly assess the optimal geometry and diameter of pipes within the reinforced soil zone, the number of spacers, manifold, and cap assemblies, and the estimated cost.

9. Complete additional excavation trim work, if required, to accommodate water storage system (Figure 1).

10. Build leveling pad or footing for the retaining wall (Figure 1).

11. Install and level bottom course of retaining wall units on leveling pad or footing.

12. Install drainage pipe (if desired) as shown in Figure 1 (item I) and any filter fabric (if desired) on slope to prevent integration of silt-size material within the reinforced soil zone.

13. Assess position of first water storage unit (H in Figure 1) and its tie-in elevation to the wall (D and F in Figure 1). Backfill of the lower lifts may have to follow addition of additional wall units (as shown in Figure 1 due to the low elevation of water storage unit H).

14. Add backfill material between the adjoining wall units to create a positive interlock

between units.

15. Add the first lift of backfill (typically ³A inch crushed stone) to the top of the base wall unit (typically about 8 inches).

16. Compact backfill to desired density (typically 95% of the soil's maximum density) noting that hand compaction may be needed in areas limited by the position of the first (lowest elevation) water storage unit (H in Figure 1).

17. Install geogrid soil reinforcement (K in Figure 1) as needed.

18. Install spacer head (C or D as shown in Figure 1) and spacers (E or F as shown in Figure

I)-

19. Level spacer head and spacers and install set-pins (Figure 4). Repeat this step for

additional intervals along the length of the wall as necessary to support the WH system.

20. Temporarily install water storage units and adjust as necessary to keep system level.

21. Temporarily install end caps (Figure 7) ensuring that inlets and/or outlets are vertical before gluing cap to water storage unit.

22. Install manifold kit(s) and align before gluing to caps (Figure 6).

23. Protect all open ends to manifold, inlet, and any discharge pipes and keep accessible for later tie into water source.

24. Once level and glued, use hold-downs (Figure 5) to keep water storage units in place while adding backfill in lifts and compacting per requirements by retaining wall manufacturer.

25. Add and compact backfill in spaces around spacer head (Figure 8) to aid in positive

interlocking.

26. In cases where double stacking of water storage units are practical or desirable

(depending on the geometric configuration of the available space), interlock spacers as shown in Figure 4. 27. Use caution when backfilling and compacting around caps, manifolds, inlets, and outlets. Where practical, do not backfill around these areas until the longer courses of the wall are constructed and backfilled.

28. Install catchment system (Figures 11, 12, and 13) typically ensuring that invert elevation of discharge pipe (Figure 13) to the water storage system is higher than the top elevation of the first receiving pipe (Figure 2).

29. In some applications (GD on page 2) allow for installation of gravity discharge system through the wall before completing the wall installation.

30. In some applications (P on page 2) make provisions for installing pump(s) and associated electrical and discharge components.

31. Inspect WH system after installation to ensure that there is not excessive sedimentation in the catchment system (causing overflow as shown in Figure 11).

32. Depending on site conditions, grate area and filter (Figure 12) and sediment tray (Figure 13) may need to be cleaned out more frequently following initial application when silt and/or sediment may be at higher levels. In some cases, it may be desirable for the WH system to be initially bypassed allowing sediment to be captured by silt fences and other erosion control methods until vegetation is established.

33. In addition to step 31, periodic inspections of the WH system may be made to assess if adjustments may be required.

34. Water levels in the WH system should be checked to assess available quantities of water, particularly before pumping (Figure 3 and 14). Gravity discharge should be available for immediate use.

35. Depending on the intended (e.g., non-potable) use of water, and in order to minimize the potential for stagnation, users may remove filter and place chlorine tablet(s) in the discharge pipe that drains to the WH system (Figure 11). Alternatively, or in addition, a chlorinator may be used.

In another embodiment, installation may include at least any number of the steps below, which do not need to be performed sequentially:

Positioning WH System in Area of Narrow Clearance

1. Design a WH system for a narrow clearance such as in a crawl space or beneath a porch.

2. Include in design such elements as available height and length of application (Figure 14). 3. Assess the water source for the application (e.g., roof drainage, runoff, or combinations).

4. Incorporate invert elevations of water sources and discharge points into WH system

design.

5. Layout first line of spacers and level with respect to each other (Figure 14). Note that no space head may be needed in this application.

6. Install second line of spacers and level with respect to each other (but not necessarily with respect to the first line of spacers if the ground surface is sloping). Note: Unlike the wall application where each line of spacers will typically be level with respect to each other, the application within an area of narrow clearance can accommodate a slope between each line of spacers. 7. For WH systems in areas of narrow clearance that are intended for gravity discharge, ensure that the elevation of the water source is higher than the elevation of the discharge point.

8. Temporarily install water storage units and adjust as necessary to keep system level along each line of spacers.

9. Temporarily install end caps (Figure 7) ensuring that inlets and/or outlets are vertical before gluing cap to water storage unit.

10. Install manifold kit(s) and align before gluing to caps (Figure 6).

11. Protect all open ends to manifold, inlet, and any discharge pipes and keep accessible for later tie-into water source.

12. Once level and glued, use hold-downs (Figure 5) to keep water storage units in place during hydraulic extremes of filling and unloading the WH system.

13. If double stacking is applicable in area of narrow clearance, interlock pipe spacer blocks as shown in Figure 4.

14. Install catchment system (Figures 11, 12, and 13) typically ensuring that invert elevation of discharge pipe (Figure 13) to the water storage system is higher than the top elevation of the first receiving pipe (Figure 2).

15. In some applications make provisions for installing pump(s) and associated electrical and discharge components in accordance with local building codes.

16. Inspect WH system frequently after installation to ensure that there is not excessive

sedimentation in the catchment system (causing overflow as shown in Figure 11).

17. Depending on site conditions, grate area and filter (Figure 12) and sediment tray (Figure 13) may need to be cleaned out more frequently following initial application when silt and/or sediment may be at higher levels. In some cases, it may be desirable for the WH system to be initially bypassed allowing sediment to be captured by silt fences and other erosion control methods until vegetation is established.

18. In addition to step 17, periodic inspections of the WH system should be made to assess if adjustments may be required (not shown on Figure 14).

19. Water levels in the WH system should be checked to assess available quantities of water, particularly before pumping (Figure 14). Gravity discharge should be available for immediate use.

20. Depending on the intended (e.g., typically non-potable) use of water, and in order to minimize the potential for stagnation, remove filter and place chlorine tablet(s) in the discharge pipe that drains to the WH system (Figure 11).

21. In some cases where double stacking of water storage units may be practical or desirable in areas of narrow space, interlock spacers as shown in Figure 4. However, considering the limited height typical of most narrow spaces, the optimum design is likely to recommend using a larger diameter storage unit instead of double stacking.

22. Software may be used having functionality that would allow users to quickly assess the optimal geometry and diameter of pipes in areas of narrow clearance, the required number of spacers, manifold, and cap assemblies, and the estimated cost.

Systems and methods of the invention may harvest water in a variety of ways, for example, using at least any one of 1-3 below. 1. Capture rain water off of roofs by tying gutters and pipes directly into the catchment system (and using the filter system to prevent shingle grit, leaves, and other constituents from entering the WH system). Filter systems may also be positioned on the roof, e.g., gutter guards such as Gutterglove's gutter guard.

2. Divert run-off from other impervious surfaces such as patios, driveways, streets, and parking lots and pipe directly into the catchment system with filter.

3. Capture run-off on sloped topography and channel into catchment system.

Systems and methods of the invention may use water in a variety of ways, for example, using at least any one of 1-7 below.

1. Watering gardens and plants

2. Agricultural fields

3. Mixing cement

4. Reducing dust at construction sites

5. Washing equipment

6. Emergency supply (e.g., fire suppression)

7. Emergency supply (e.g., potable water storage; note this will require a different design from a catchment system and permitting from drinking water agencies).

8. Other, e.g., flushing toilets, washing clothes, pressure washing driveways and houses, washing vehicles

In addition to the systems and methods disclosed herein, the present invention also includes kits. A typical kit embodiment includes components, e.g., any of the

components discussed herein, which are configured to functionally interface. Kits are ideal for storage and shipment of inventions disclosed herein.

Additional embodiments of the invention are directed to software, storage media containing software, hardware containing software, and methods of doing business.

These embodiments allow users to quickly assess the optimal geometry and diameter of pipes within the reinforced soil zone (e.g, of the wall embodiment), the required number of spacers, manifold, and cap assemblies, and the estimated cost. The model can also support the broader applications previously mentioned. A variety of exemplary inputs and outputs are illustrated below:

INPUTS

1. Initial Drop Down Menu: Intended Applications of WH System (Non-Potable)

1.1. Residential

1.1.1. Crawl space

1.1.1.1. Lowest height

1.1.1.2. Maximum height

1.1.1.3. Width 1.1.1.4. Length

1.1.2. Area beneath deck or porch

1.1.2.1. Lowest height

1.1.2.2. Maximum height

1.1.2.3. Width

1.1.2.4. Length

1.1.3. Basement

1.1.3.1. Lowest height

1.1.3.2. Maximum height

1.1.3.3. Width

1.1.3.4. Length

1.1.4. Behind Outside Wall Structure

1.1.4.1. Existing Rock or Retaining Wall

1.1.4.2. Planned Rock or Retaining Wall (Link to alternate input sheet) 1.1.5. Attic

1.1.6. Other

1.2. Commercial

1.2.1. Landscaping feature

1.2.2. Beneath Loading

1.3. Heavy construction site

1.3.1.

1.4. Agricultural

1.4.1.

1.5. Parks

1.5.1.

1.6. Other

2. Location (for pre -populated rainfall and evaporation amounts)

2.1. U.S. (Drop down menu of States)

2.2. Country (Drop down menu of Countries)

3. Desired Percent of Rainfall to capture

3.1. Less than 25%

3.2. 25% to 50%

3.3. 50% to 75%

3.4. Greater than 75%

4. Available or Anticipated Sources of Rainwater Runoff to be Captured by WH System

4.1. Roof with gutter (enter each roof and downspout separately for total volume computation)

4.1.1. Length

4.1.2. Width

4.1.3. Slope

4.1.4. Size of downspouts

4.2. Parking lot, road, street or similarly large impervious surfaces 4.2.1. Width

4.2.2. Length

4.2.3. Slope

4.2.4. Composition

4.2.4.1. Concrete

4.2.4.2. Asphalt

4.2.4.3. Gravel

4.2.4.4. Other 4.3. Runoff to be captured from other smaller impervious surfaces

4.3.1. Patio

4.3.1.1. Length

4.3.1.2. Width

4.3.1.3. Slope

4.3.1.4. Composition

4.3.1.4.1. Brick

4.3.1.4.2. Wood

4.3.1.4.3. Concrete

4.3.1.4.4. Other

4.3.2. Sidewalks

4.3.2.1. Length

4.3.2.2. Width

4.3.2.3. Slope

4.3.2.4. Composition

4.3.2.4.1. Brick

4.3.2.4.2. Concrete

4.3.2.4.3. Asphalt

4.3.2.4.4. Other 4.4. Runoff to be captured from less pervious surfaces

4.4.1. Ground surface uphill of intended WH system

4.4.1.1. Percent vegetation

4.4.1.2. Soil type (pull from national database)

4.4.1.3. Slope

4.4.1.4. Approximate area

4.4.1.4.1. Width

4.4.1.4.2. Length

4.5. Anticipated Discharge System

4.5.1. Gravity feed with valve or hose bib

4.5.2. Submersible pump

4.5.3. Surface pump

4.5.4. Drip irrigation

4.5.5. Other

5. Desired uses of harvested water 5.1. Water plants and gardens

5.2. Water agricultural fields

5.3. Livestock watering

5.4. Dust suppression

5.5. Waterscape features

5.6. Emergency fire protection

5.7. Emergency drinking water source [link to design considerations different from those of typical installation)

5.8. Runoff and erosion control

5.9. Equipment washing

5.10. Combinations of above

5.11. Other, e.g., flushing toilets, washing clothes, pressure washing driveways and houses, washing vehicles

6. Desired discharge rate

6.1. Less than 5 gallons per minute

6.2. 5 to 10 gallons per minute

6.3. 10 to 15 gallons per minute

6.4. Greater than 15 gallons per minute

OUTPUT

1. Graphical output of WH

1.1. Plan view showing conceptual layout of WH system to meet the intended application 1.2. Sectional view

2. Summary of quantity of pipe needed for application

2.1. Segments of , for example, 12 inch pipe (at each 14 feet)

2.2. Segments of , for example, 24 inch pipe (at each 14 feet)

3. Summary of kits and components needed for the specific application

3.1. Manifolds

3.2. Pipe spacers

3.3. Solid caps

3.4. Caps, including eccentric reducers, with single 4 inch pipe

3.5. Caps, including eccentric reducers, with double 4 inch pipes

4. Wall components, e.g., cinder block or retaining wall

4.1. Number and specification of wall units

4.2. Number of caps

4.3. Number of pins

4.4. Pipe spacer heads

5. Summary of Containment System

5.1. Size of basin (dimensions)

5.2. Number of basins (if more than one is required)

6. Web links to existing construction manuals and other helpful guides

7. Contacts for follow-up questions Applicant believes that various embodiments of the invention will provide various improvements in the art. In general, they allow for the harvesting and beneficial use of water that would otherwise enter the runoff or waste water system. As a result, impact on receiving waters is also minimized. Further, typical embodiments allow for easy installation, e.g., without requiring heavy machinery to excavate large holes for underground water tanks. Embodiments can also be easily installed in a variety of locations, e.g. crawl spaces, voids behind retaining walls, attics, shallow excavations, etc. Some embodiments are also movable from one location to another, e.g., as needed for proximity to water sources and/or desired control of runoff. Another beneficial feature of certain embodiments of the invention is that they are readily expandable to meet future rain water storage needs. For example, additional pipe can be added or larger pipes may be substituted for smaller pipes.

Because of their ease of installation, embodiments can also be installed for temporary use, e.g., at construction sites for beneficial uses during construction, such as dust control, minimization of runoff, mixing concrete, rinsing equipment, safety purposes, fire protection, etc. As desired, such embodiments may then be left in place by the property owner for additional use, e.g., storm water control, watering of landscaping, etc.

Because of their concealed or concealable nature, Applicant also believes that many will find embodiments more aesthetically pleasing than visible rainwater harvesting systems (e.g., rain barrels), thereby contributing to an increase in system use and beneficial harvesting. Further, embodiments can be easily modified and adapted for other water re-use techniques (e.g., pumped to an attic storage layout for flushing toilets).

Numerous characteristics and advantages have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of structure and function. The disclosure, however, is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of parts, within the principle of the invention, to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the general claims are expressed.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A water harvesting system (WH system) comprising:

optionally, a wall;

a storage system optionally interfaced with said wall;

a catchment system in fluid communication with said storage system; and a controlled output system in fluid communication with said storage system.

2. The WH system of claim 1, wherein said wall includes a plurality of interlocking blocks or concrete cradles.

3. The WH system of claim 1, wherein said storage system includes

at least one horizontally oriented pipe in fluid communication with said catchment system, and oriented such that its length is substantially parallel to the length of said wall.

4. The WH system of claim 3, wherein said storage system includes at least two horizontally oriented pipes, each being

in fluid communication with each other and said catchment system;

substantially parallel to each other; and

substantially parallel to the wall.

5. The WH system of claim 3, further including a spacer block or concrete cradle defining a channel for receiving said pipe.

6. The WH system of claim 5, wherein said spacer block is configured to interlock with at least another spacer block.

7. The WH system of claim 6, wherein said interlock is a horizontal interlock.

8. The WH system of claim 7, wherein said interlock is a flexible interlock.

9. The WH system of claim 6, wherein said interlock is a vertical interlock.

10. The WH system of claim 9, whererin said interlock is a flexible interlock.

11. The WH system of claim 5, wherein said spacer block is configured to engage said pipe.

12. The WH system of claim 1, wherein said catchment system includes an overflow exit.

13. The WH system of claim 1, wherein said controlled output system includes a gravity discharge.

14. The WH system of claim 13, wherein said gravity discharge is positioned through said wall.

15. The WH system of claim 1, wherein said controlled output system includes a pump discharge.

16. A water harvesting system (WH system) for positioning in the crawlspace of a structure, said system comprising:

a storage system configured to position beneath said structure;

17. The WH system of claim 16, wherein said storage system includes at least two horizontally oriented pipes, each being

in fluid communication with each other and said catchment system; and substantially parallel to each other.

18. The WH system of claim 16, wherein said storage system includes at least two horizontally interlocked spacer blocks configured to engage said at least two horizontally oriented pipes.

19. The WH system of claim 16, wherein said controlled output system is configured to deliver water externally of said structure.

20. A method for installing any of the systems disclosed in claims 1 to 19, said method including positioning said storage system.

21. A kit containing the components in any of the systems disclosed in claims 1 to 19, wherein said components are configured to functionally interface.