WO2011019318A1 - A sensor unit positioned between opposing surfaces and an alert system - Google Patents

A sensor unit positioned between opposing surfaces and an alert system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011019318A1
WO2011019318A1 PCT/SE2010/050887 SE2010050887W WO2011019318A1 WO 2011019318 A1 WO2011019318 A1 WO 2011019318A1 SE 2010050887 W SE2010050887 W SE 2010050887W WO 2011019318 A1 WO2011019318 A1 WO 2011019318A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
sensor
sensor unit
alert
environment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2010/050887
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Stenlund
Original Assignee
Peter Stenlund
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peter Stenlund filed Critical Peter Stenlund
Publication of WO2011019318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011019318A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
    • G01L5/243—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using washers

Definitions

  • a sensor unit positioned between opposing surfaces and an alert system
  • the present invention relates to a sensor unit, an alert system and an alarm system, a fixed joint according to the preamble of the enclosed claim 13 and a method for triggering an alert signal and for the surveillance of a fixed joint, respectively.
  • the document US-B1 -6,639,512 discloses a system for protecting the passengers in a stationary motor vehicle, in particular lonely children and pets, from dangerous states that are found within the vehicle.
  • the system comprises a sensor, which detects dangerous environmental states, such as high temperatures in the vehicle.
  • the sensor is used with a transmitter in order to continuously transmit sound detected within the passengers' accommodation of the vehicle as well as to transmit information about the existence of some dangerous states to a person being at a distance.
  • dangerous states trigger an alarm connected to the vehicle.
  • a third embodiment of the invention comprises an environmental warning module, which may be attached to a wireless telephone.
  • the module uses the wireless telephone in order to report a message to a person being at a distance. The message is reported via another telephone or via a pager.
  • a disadvantage of the above-mentioned known system is that it is not a flexible solution.
  • the solution is only aimed at detecting dangerous states in a stationary vehicle.
  • Another disadvantage is that the system is not dynamic and cannot be updated automatically.
  • the document US-B1 -6,441 ,731 discloses a portable alarm system for the use in a dwelling, boat, office or any other structure that may benefit from safety surveillance.
  • the portable alarm system 10 is included in a portable casing 12.
  • the alarm system 10 comprises a keyboard panel 14 connected to a
  • the keyboard panel 14 may, among other things, be used in
  • a timing light 16 is preferably included in the casing 12.
  • the alarm system 10 can initiate a call to a safety surveillance station by means of, for instance, wireless technology.
  • the alarm system 10 may also comprise a vibration/impact sensor in order to activate the alarm functions if the portable unit is moved or if attempts are made to destroy the portable unit.
  • a disadvantage of the above-mentioned known alarm system is that it is relatively bulky since it, among other things, comprises a keyboard panel. Another disadvantage is that the alarm system is not dynamic and cannot be updated automatically.
  • - Cannot be controlled from optional stationary or mobile telephone as well as radio unit.
  • the solutions comprise buttons and/or displays that make them dearer and constitute sources of error as well as make it more difficult for users.
  • statically mechanical solutions without modules having data buses, which are not adaptable over time. This means that modified conditions require tailor-made special solutions.
  • the shown solutions cannot be used in exposed environments such as, e.g., open boats, outboard motors, lawn-mover tractors and tool boxes.
  • the solutions comprise no wireless "man-overboard functions".
  • the solutions cannot detect acceleration, retardation and carry out measurement of position by means of relative translation, speed, distance and time.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the above- mentioned problems or disadvantages.
  • the above-mentioned object of the present invention is achieved by providing a sensor unit characterized in that the same is adapted for placement between two components, which sensor unit comprises sensor members for the detection of at least one state quantity of the fixed joint and further comprises signalling members for transferring signals to a receiving unit.
  • a sensor unit comprises sensor members for the detection of at least one state quantity of the fixed joint and further comprises signalling members for transferring signals to a receiving unit.
  • Said sensor members may comprise one or several units.
  • Said sensor members may comprise one or several of, e.g., force sensor,
  • the signalling member may comprise a transmitter or transceiver for wireless communication and may comprise an antenna unit.
  • the signalling member may also be arranged for wired communication.
  • a so-called “smart washer” can be achieved, which may be a washer provided with a centre hole that is applied between a screw and a nut, or between two different materials that are to be interconnected, threaded on a rivet between the two materials that the rivet should join or between two different things as a plain mechanical or compression joint, without having to thread anything through the centre hole.
  • the sensor unit may be integrated with the screw, or be integrated with a nut.
  • the sensor unit it is possible to measure, register and collect various states regarding parameters, force, tension and, if required, temperature as well as moisture content, as well as register and collect normal states in screw, rivet, mechanical and/or compression joints and report changes as well as trig alerts and control by sending digital and/or analog signals if desired for taking action.
  • the measures may be almost anything, e.g., to send SMS, e-mail messages, voice dial message, switching on/off analog and/or digital equipment/apparatus.
  • the functions may also be limited to be used locally at the washer without contact with the surrounding world if desired. In the detailed description of embodiments, maybe only application of screws or bolts with a nut is described, but the corresponding can apply for rivet, mechanical and compression joints.
  • the sensor unit or the smart washer Upon joining of for instance a screw joint of an arbitrary dimension comprising at least one screw and one nut, the sensor unit or the smart washer is placeable between the screw and the nut. Upon tightening of the screw, the force and tension in the screw joint can be registered and the temperature and the moisture content can also, if required, be registered. When the screw joint is assembled, the status of these parameters can be analysed, calculated, registered and defined as a normal state. This normal state can be stored locally in a memory or storage member in the sensor unit/smart washer. This normal state can be defined as a threshold value-based normal state, or as a dynamic normal state that, e.g., is a part of a pattern.
  • This normal state can be communicated via a computer-distributing network to a database that stores data for analyses, calculations and comparisons of different kinds, e.g., with the pre-defined normal state, with other screws in other screw joints, etc.
  • a computer-distributing network to a database that stores data for analyses, calculations and comparisons of different kinds, e.g., with the pre-defined normal state, with other screws in other screw joints, etc.
  • one or several of these normal states can be compared with other states in the same screw joint and/or with other screw joints and/or data and product models.
  • the sensor unit is adapted for placement in a fixed joint between two components connected by the fixed joint.
  • the sensor unit may, e.g., be attached to a first component, e.g., at the surface of the component, e.g., by an adhesive, such as glue, or other fastening members, such as a screw, etc., and then a second component can be placed loosely resting on or against the sensor unit.
  • the sensor unit can alert if the load of the loading pallet is changed, e.g., if the weight of the cargo on the loading pallet is altered, which, e.g., may indicate that articles or goods are removed from the pallet.
  • the sensor unit is formed as a washer.
  • the outer border of the washer contains one, several or all of the members of the sensor unit.
  • the sensor unit, or the washer is formed as a plate that may be tetragonal and have the size of 1200 x 800 mm and may correspond to a loading pallet, e.g., according to European standard, such as a so-called Europallet.
  • the plate may be formed as a square, rectangle or another geometrical shape.
  • the plate may have an adapted thickness, e.g., at least 2 mm.
  • the entire plate may constitute a sensor unit and may in one or several regions, points, areas or lines be provided with sensor members to register signals, e.g., regarding dynamic and static load. Sensor members may be placed in the respective corner of the plate and may be a part of foot-like protuberances.
  • a plate which may be tetragonal and may have the size of 1200 * 800 mm, may be provided with one or several sensor units, e.g., in the form of washers.
  • the respective corner of the plate may be provided with a sensor unit.
  • the sensor unit has a through hole.
  • the sensor unit is arranged to detect one or several of the state quantities tension, force, strain, temperature and moisture content in anyone of all feasible combinations of said state quantities.
  • the sensor unit comprises storage members and/or processing members.
  • the signalling member of the sensor unit is arranged to emit signals for wireless signal transfer.
  • the sensor unit is arranged in such a way that the signals are in the form of one or several of the kinds SMS, e-mail, voice dial message, switching on/off of equipment.
  • the above- mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
  • the sensor unit may be combined with and connected to the alarm system disclosed in the European patent application EP 1 719 088.
  • an alert system comprising at least one, preferably several sensor units according to anyone of the accompanying claims 1-8 and at least one receiving unit arranged to receive signals from one or several of the sensor units.
  • the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
  • Several sensor units may be placed on top of each other and/or may be placed in physical contact with each other. These sensor units that adjoin each other may have different setting and sensitivity.
  • several sensor units are arranged to communicate with each other, wirelessly or wiredly, whereby several sensor units can act in group and the measurements of one sensor unit can be compared with measurements of the other sensor units.
  • several sensor units may have a common wireless transmitter or transceiver, which may comprise an antenna unit.
  • the alert system is characterized in that at least one of the receiving units comprises storage members and/or processing members for the storage and processing, respectively, of input signals.
  • the alert system is characterized in that at least one of the receiving units comprises signalling members for output of signals.
  • the alert system is characterized in that a receiving member for the reception of signals for the receiving unit is arranged in the vicinity of at least one of the sensor units or is a component in said at least one of the sensor units.
  • the above-mentioned object of the present invention is in addition achieved by providing a fixed joint, such as, e.g., a screw joint, rivet joint, mechanical joint or compression joint, the joint comprising at least one sensor unit according to anyone of the accompanying claims 1-8.
  • a fixed joint such as, e.g., a screw joint, rivet joint, mechanical joint or compression joint
  • the joint comprising at least one sensor unit according to anyone of the accompanying claims 1-8.
  • the fixed joint is characterized in that said at least one sensor unit is a part of an alert system according to anyone of the accompanying claims 9-12.
  • an alert system intended to trig an alert signal upon deviation from at least one environment-depending reference for a specific environment that may be a screw, rivet, compression or mechanical joint
  • the alert system comprising at least one physical unit applied in the environment, having a size the space requirement of which is adapted to the dimensions of the screw, rivet,
  • this compression and/or mechanical joint which unit comprises a sensor system arranged to measure, register and collect various states comprising at least strain, force or tension, a processing member connected to the sensor system and intended for signal processing, analysis and comparison of signals received from the at least one environment-depending reference in the environment by the sensor system of the applied physical unit, a communication member of a unique identity connected to the processing member, and a memory member connected to the processing member.
  • a sensor system arranged to measure, register and collect various states comprising at least strain, force or tension
  • a processing member connected to the sensor system and intended for signal processing, analysis and comparison of signals received from the at least one environment-depending reference in the environment by the sensor system of the applied physical unit, a communication member of a unique identity connected to the processing member, and a memory member connected to the processing member.
  • an alarm system intended to trigger an alert signal upon deviation from at least one environment-depending reference, predetermined for a specific environment, according to the accompanying claim 17.
  • the alarm system comprises at least one portable unit intended to be placed in said environment, which unit has a size not greater than a mobile telephone.
  • Each unit comprises a sensor system adapted for detecting different states, comprising at least one of vibrations relative position changes or accelerations.
  • each unit comprises a processor member connected to the sensor member and adapted for the comparison of signals obtained from the sensor system and said predetermined environment-dependent reference(s).
  • each unit comprises a communication member of a unique identity connected to the processor member and adapted for wireless communication upon, for instance, triggering of an alarm signal.
  • each unit comprises a positioning member connected to the processor member and adapted to indicate, at least upon triggering of an alert signal, the position of said unit.
  • the alarm system comprises a memory member connected to the processor member via a distributed computer network and adapted for the storage of said predetermined reference(s).
  • alarm system according to the present invention is dynamic and can be updated automatically.
  • the sensor system comprises at least one of the following sensors: accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, camera, temperature transmitters, UV/photocells, electronic noses, anemometers, infrared transmitters, gamma transducers, laser transmitters, inductive transducers, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure gauges.
  • each positioning member consists of at least one of the following units: GPS unit, GPRS unit and GSM unit.
  • predetermined reference could consist of a sound/vibration image specific to each portable unit.
  • each unit comprises at least one basic module, as well as a protecting cover.
  • the detection step comprises:
  • accelerometer/silicon crystal microphone
  • frequency transmitters strain gauges
  • camera temperature transmitters
  • UV/photocells electronic noses
  • anemometers infrared transmitters
  • gamma transducers laser transmitters
  • inductive transducers flow transmitters
  • level transducers tension gauges and pressure gauges.
  • the positioning step comprises:
  • GPS unit to determine the position by means of at least one of the following units: GPS unit, GPRS unit and GSM unit.
  • the method further comprises the step of:
  • the alert system has the features defined for the alarm system according to any one of claims 16-23.
  • the above-mentioned object is also achieved by a method for the surveillance of a fixed joint, wherein the method is exercised by an alert system according to any one of claims 9-12, 15-16 or 29 or according to any one the above-mentioned embodiments of the alert system according to the present invention.
  • this method comprises the measures defined in any one of claims 25-28.
  • At least one computer software product directly downloadable in the internal memory of at least one digital computer, comprising software code sections to execute the steps according to anyone of the accompanying claims 25-28 and 30-31 or the steps according to any one the above-mentioned embodiments of the method according to the present invention when said at least one product is run on said at least one computer (1001 , ... , 100n).
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an alarm system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a first embodiment of a portable unit included in the alarm system shown in Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 3 shows a flow chart of a method for triggering an alert signal according to the present invention
  • Fig. 4 shows two examples of sound/vibration images specific to the portable unit included in the alarm system shown in Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic image of some software products according to the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an alert system for the surveillance of a fixed joint according to the present invention
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a schematic embodiment of the sensor unit according to the present invention.
  • Figs. 8, 9 and 10 show different examples of embodiments of the sensor unit
  • Fig. 1 a block diagram is shown of an alarm system 10 according to the present invention.
  • the alarm system 10 is intended to trigger an alert signal upon deviation from at least one environment-dependent reference predetermined for a specific environment.
  • the alarm system 10 comprises at least one portable unit 12 intended to be placed in said environment.
  • only one portable unit 12 is shown in Fig. 1 , but it is pointed out for the sake of
  • each portable unit 12 has a size not greater than a mobile telephone.
  • each portable unit 12 comprises a sensor system 14 adapted for detecting different states comprising at least one of vibrations relative position changes or accelerations.
  • each portable unit 12 comprises a processor member 16 connected to the sensor system 14 and adapted for the comparison of signals obtained from the sensor system 14 and said predetermined, environment-dependent reference(s).
  • each portable unit 12 comprises a communication member 18 of a unique identity connected to the processor member 16 and adapted for wireless communication upon, for instance, triggering of an alarm signal.
  • each portable unit 12 further comprises a positioning member 20 connected to the processor member 16 and adapted for, at least upon triggering of an alert signal, indicating the position of said portable unit 12.
  • the alarm system 10 further comprises a memory member 24 connected to the processor member 16 via a distributed computer network 22 and adapted for the storage of said predetermined reference(s).
  • the communication member 18 may communicate via the distributed computer network 22, which, for instance, may be the Internet.
  • the memory member 24 is further adapted for dynamic and interactive update and development for different purposes by manoeuvring via fixed and/or mobile telephony and/or radio and/or computer unit.
  • the sensor system 14 comprises at least one of the following sensors: accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, camera, temperature transmitters, UV/photocells, electronic noses, anemometers, infrared transmitters, gamma transducers, laser transmitters, inductive transducers, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure gauges.
  • each positioning member 20 consists of at least one of the following units: GPS unit, GPRS unit and GSM unit.
  • said predetermined reference may consist of a
  • each portable unit 12 comprises at least one basic module 12- 1 , as well as a protecting cover 12 n . ⁇ Compare Fig. 2).
  • the memory member 24 is adapted for continuous storage of deviations and/or continuous storage of comparisons.
  • the memory member 24 consists of a database 24.
  • each portable unit 12 comprises a basic module 12- ⁇ , two intermediate modules 12 2 , 12 3 as well as a protecting cover 12 n .
  • the basic module 12i and the two intermediate modules 122, 12 3 are connected by means of data buses (not shown), in order to provide flexibility and possibilities for the adaptation to various needs.
  • the portable unit 12 may comprise more than two intermediate modules.
  • the portable unit 12 gets a configuration with adapted default settings and then may, for instance, sound and vibration images "be recorded” in the unique environment and be stored in the portable unit 12 as well as in the database 24 situated at another location. This is made in order to minimise false alerts by the fact that the sensitivity is calibrated.
  • the portable unit 12 is entirely upgraded via wireless communication. It should also be pointed out that the portable unit 12 also may be activated and upgraded via non-wireless communication, i.e., permanent connection.
  • a flow chart is shown of a method for triggering an alert signal according to the present invention.
  • the method is carried out by means of an alarm system 10 (compare Fig. 1) according to the present invention.
  • the method begins at the block 30.
  • the method continues, at the block 32, with the step of: by means of the sensor system 14 (compare Fig. 1) detecting different states comprising at least one of vibrations relative position changes or accelerations.
  • the method then continues, at the block 34, with the step of: comparing the signals obtained from the sensor system 14 and at least one environment- dependent reference predetermined for a specific environment and stored in the memory member 24.
  • the method then continues, at block 36, with a question if deviation from reference is found?
  • the step is carried out according to block 32 again. If the answer, on the other hand, is affirmative, the method continues at block 38, with the step of: upon deviation from said environment-dependent reference(s), triggering an alert signal. The method then continues at block 40, with a question if message is desired? Upon a negative answer to this question, the method is terminated at block 50. On the other hand, if the answer is affirmative, the method continues, at block 42, with the step of: according to instantaneous control or predetermined configuration, by means of the communication member of a unique identity, transmitting a message to at least one receiver. The method then continues, at block 44, with a question if the position should be found?
  • the method Upon a negative answer to this question, the method is terminated at block 50.
  • the method continues, at block 46, with the step of: according to instantaneous control or predetermined configuration, by means of the positioning member, determining the position of the portable unit 12. Then the method continues, at the block 48, with the step of: transmitting the position to the receiver(s). The method is then terminated at the block 50.
  • the detection step comprises: the detection of different states by means of at least one of the following sensors: accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, camera, temperature transmitters, UV/photocells, electronic noses, anemometers, infrared transmitters, gamma transducers, laser transmitters, inductive transducers, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure gauges.
  • sensors accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, camera, temperature transmitters, UV/photocells, electronic noses, anemometers, infrared transmitters, gamma transducers, laser transmitters, inductive transducers, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure gauges.
  • the positioning step comprises: the determination of the position by means of at least one of the following units: GPS unit, GPRS unit and GSM unit.
  • the method further comprises the step of: registering and, in the memory member 24, storing the reference(s) that may consist of a sound/vibration image specific to each portable unit 12.
  • Fig. 4 two examples are shown of sound/vibration images specific to a portable unit 12 included in the alarm system 10 shown in Fig. 1.
  • the dynamic sensor system 14 records a "normal state" and may also use the stored
  • an alarm system 10 is obtained, which is dynamic and may be developed and updated manually as well as automatically, entirely wirelessly via the Internet. Furthermore, the intelligence arises from the fact that several measuring and detecting methods being independent from each other are applied and generate data, which are processed and are compared against memory and a database where different normal states are defined by threshold values/references.
  • alerts are analysed and processed, and serve as a foundation for the adjustment of threshold values/references within given intervals and frames as well as for the production of, among other things, statistics.
  • the following things can be identified, detected, measured, alerted and reported. Very small deviations from the defined normal states/references of an alerted object, for instance, deviating sound, mechanical loads, strains in material per unit, shocks, impacts and vibrations.
  • shock, impact, vibration, a micro motion in a material is intended and of different type, frequency, level as well as amplitude.
  • two portable units 12 or more portable units 12 may be installed in pair or group installation where the portable units 12 can communicate with each other.
  • An example is, for instance, to mount a portable unit 12 in a boat and a second portable unit 12 in the outboard motor, where, for instance, photographing is effected upon dismounting of the motor hood and/or tampering with the boat.
  • the alarm system 10 may be used in order to alert mobile objects such as, for instance, vehicles of all kinds, for instance, automobiles, motor cycles, mopeds, bicycles, trailer, caravan, boats, outboard motors, snowmobiles, jet-skis, lawnmowers, contractor's machinery, heavy vehicles, lorries, buses, rail-mounted vehicles, barracks and stores on wheels as well as stationary, caddie cars, bags, boxes, skis, snowboards, roof boxes and miscellaneous other things.
  • mobile objects such as, for instance, vehicles of all kinds, for instance, automobiles, motor cycles, mopeds, bicycles, trailer, caravan, boats, outboard motors, snowmobiles, jet-skis, lawnmowers, contractor's machinery, heavy vehicles, lorries, buses, rail-mounted vehicles, barracks and stores on wheels as well as stationary, caddie cars, bags, boxes, skis, snowboards, roof boxes and miscellaneous other things.
  • stationary objects examples include computers, machines and equipment, tools, tool cabinets, tool boxes, stores, wagons, carts, spaces, premises, beams, tubes, pipe supports, foundations, arches, gearboxes, pallets, collecting boxes, containers, ground installations, outdoor as well as indoor, traps in the nature, music systems in premises, for reporting/alert of, e.g., sound levels, thresholds as well as miscellaneous other things.
  • the sensor signals may be compared and checked by a plurality of methods being independent from each other. Multisensor indication may be applied. It is possible, e.g., to require deviation signal from one or more sensors before the alert should be triggered.
  • the driver of a vehicle may in addition be provided with a portable unit 12, wherein a "man-overboard function" alerts if, e.g., the driver no longer is in contact with the portable unit 12 installed in the vehicle.
  • the alarm system 10 may be used in order to monitor a machine or another industrial unit.
  • alteration of motion, retardation and/or acceleration may be detected and trigger an alert.
  • the positioning function finds the position of where the alert was triggered, which enables the receipt of a log about what happened immediately before the collision. For instance, course, vibrations, speed and direction.
  • Another application for the alarm system 10 according to the present invention is, for instance, in bogie systems of road vehicles and rail-mounted vehicles in order to provide information when sound/vibration images with selected and defined threshold values have been exceeded at a certain level.
  • the solution according to the present invention is intelligent and dynamic, among other things by the fact that the portable unit 12 "records" the environment it has been applied in, collects data by measuring a plurality of different
  • recording/collection supplements the default settings and thereby the result is obtained that is defined as a normal state.
  • Deviations in sound/vibration images that have been stored in the memory and database in the basic configuration are then processed, analysed and compared.
  • the sound images, levels and tolerance width for deviations from normal state are based on data and results from different results from laboratories and real outcomes, which, among other things, are derived from "the recording" of the unique environment of the unique installation and in question.
  • the system is interactive and can communicate bidirectional in a plurality of different ways, among other things by GPRS, GSM and position can be generated by means of GPS and GSM. Accelerations, retardations, time measurement make that position changes can be calculated and transmitted at a chosen instant of time.
  • a schematic image is shown of some computer software products according to present invention.
  • n different digital computers 100i, ... , 10O n are shown, where n is an integer.
  • n different computer software products 102i 102 n are further shown, here shown in the form of CD discs.
  • the different computer software products 102i, ... , 102 n are directly loadable in the internal memory of the n different digital computers 100i 10O n .
  • Each computer software product 102i 102 n comprises software code sections for executing a part of or all the steps according to Fig. 3 when the product(s) 102i, ... , 102 n is/are run on said computer 100i, ... , 10O n .
  • the computer software products 102- 1 , ... , 102 n may, for instance, be in the form of discs, RAM discs, magnetic tapes, magneto-optical discs or any other suitable products.
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows an embodiment and aspects of an alert system
  • the alert system 601 may be intended to trig an alert signal upon deviation from at least one environment-depending reference for a specific environment that may be a screw, rivet, compression or mechanical joint.
  • the alert system 601 comprises at least one physical unit 602, such as one or several sensor units 602, applied in the environment, having a size the space requirements of which may be adapted to the dimensions of the screw, rivet, compression or mechanical joint.
  • the respective sensor unit 602 may be adapted for placement in a fixed joint between two components connected by the fixed joint.
  • the sensor unit 602 comprises sensor members 603 for the detection of at least one state quantity of the fixed joint and may furthermore comprise signalling members 606, such as
  • the sensor unit 602 may be formed as a washer and may be provided with a through hole 605.
  • the sensor unit 602 may be arranged to detect one or several of the state quantities tension, force, strain, temperature and moisture content in anyone of all feasible combinations of said state quantities.
  • the sensor unit 602 may comprise storage members 608, such as a memory card or hard disc, and may comprise processing members 610, such as a microprocessor.
  • the sensor unit 602 may also comprise positioning members 611 , e.g., a GPS unit, to give the position of the sensor unit 602.
  • the signalling member 606 of the sensor unit 602 may be arranged to emit signals for wireless signal transfer.
  • the sensor unit 602 may be arranged in such a way that the signals are in the form of one or several of the kinds SMS, e-mail, voice dial message, switching on/off of equipment.
  • the sensor unit 602 may be connectable, advantageously, by wireless connection, to a database 620 for the storage of data and described reference(s).
  • the sensor unit(s) 602 may be included in an alert system 601 that may comprise at least one, preferably several sensor units 602 and at least one receiving unit 612 arranged to receive signals from one or several of the sensor units 602. At least one of the receiving units 612 may comprise storage members 614 and may comprise processing members 616 for the storage and processing, respectively, of input signals.
  • At least one of the receiving units 612 may comprise signalling members 618 for output and/or receipt of signals.
  • a receiving member for the reception of signals for the receiving unit 612 may be arranged in the vicinity of at least one of the sensor units 602 or is a component in said at least one of the sensor units 612.
  • the sensor member 603, the signalling member 606, the storage member 608, the processing member 610 and positioning members 611 are schematically shown in Fig. 6 and it should be appreciated that one, several or all of these may be included in the sensor unit 602, which may be washer-shaped, and may be contained by the washer-shaped or plate-shaped sensor unit 602.
  • the sensor member 603, the signalling member 606, the storage member 608, the processing member 610 and positioning members 611 may mutually be connected to each other.
  • the processing member 610 may be arranged for signal processing, analysis and comparison of signals received from the at least one environment- depending reference in the environment by the sensor member 603 or sensor system of the applied sensor unit 602. Suitable sensor members, such as sensors, e.g., force sensor, accelerometer /silicon crystal, microphone, frequency
  • the sensor member 603, the signalling member 606, the storage member 608, the processing member 610 and positioning members 611 are situated outside the body of the sensor unit 602.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a schematic embodiment of the sensor unit 702 according to the present invention from different perspectives
  • Figs. 8, 9 and 10 show different additional examples of embodiment of the sensor unit 712, 722, 732 according to the present invention from different perspectives.
  • Each one of the sensor units 702, 722, 732 may be provided with a through hole 705, 725, 735.
  • Other shapes of the sensor unit are also possible.
  • the sensor unit may be manufactured from different suitable materials, such as metal, e.g., stainless steel, aluminium, etc., and/or different polymer materials, etc.
  • the sensor unit comprises a stiff washer, such as a metallic or ceramic washer, having recesses for the different members and/or electronics of the sensor unit, and the stiff washer may be provided with a polymer casing, such as a casing of plastic or rubber.
  • the polymer casing may be applied over the metal washer in many different ways, e.g., by snap-in function or by casting. By this design, the sensor unit is given a "puck-like" and compact appearance.
  • the alert system 601 and the sensor unit 602 may be utilized to alert, e.g., equipment of fixed and stationary objects, e.g., of vehicles. When someone without authorization tries to dismount searchlight or another fixedly mounted equipment, alert can be triggered and warn the respective selected receivers. When someone tries to dismount/manipulate entrances, doors, windows, bars, etc., in security systems/functions, the alert system 601 and the sensor unit 602 can be utilized to trig alerts. These alerts can be triggered if the function of the sensor unit 602, e.g., in the form of a so-called smart washer, is altered and/or if it would be destroyed since it can be connected to the distributed network. In nuclear power stations, processing industries, factories and product plants and on ships, etc., pressurized media in pipes and cisterns may cause great problems if the normal state is altered and the alert system 601 and the sensor unit 602 may advantageously also be used here.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Sensor unit (602; 702; 712; 722; 732) characterized in that the same is adapted for placement between two components, which sensor unit comprises sensor members (603) for the detection of at least one state quantity of the fixed joint and further comprises signalling members (606) for transferring signals to a receiving unit (612). Alert system (601) characterized in that the same comprises at least one, preferably several sensor units (602; 702; 712; 722; 732) of the above-mentioned sort and at least one receiving unit (612) arranged to receive signals from one or several of the sensor units. Fixed joint, such as, e.g., a screw joint, rivet joint, mechanical joint or compression joint characterized in that the joint comprises at least one sensor unit of the above-mentioned sort.

Description

A sensor unit positioned between opposing surfaces and an alert system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a sensor unit, an alert system and an alarm system, a fixed joint according to the preamble of the enclosed claim 13 and a method for triggering an alert signal and for the surveillance of a fixed joint, respectively.
Background of the Invention
The document US-B1 -6,639,512 discloses a system for protecting the passengers in a stationary motor vehicle, in particular lonely children and pets, from dangerous states that are found within the vehicle. The system comprises a sensor, which detects dangerous environmental states, such as high temperatures in the vehicle. In the preferred embodiment, the sensor is used with a transmitter in order to continuously transmit sound detected within the passengers' accommodation of the vehicle as well as to transmit information about the existence of some dangerous states to a person being at a distance. In a second embodiment, dangerous states trigger an alarm connected to the vehicle. The alarm amplifies the sound detected in the vehicle, such as a crying child or a barking dog and produces also a standard alert sound alternated with an amplified speech that explains the dangerous state as well as amplifies the sound inside the vehicle, such as a crying child. A third embodiment of the invention comprises an environmental warning module, which may be attached to a wireless telephone. When a dangerous state is detected, the module uses the wireless telephone in order to report a message to a person being at a distance. The message is reported via another telephone or via a pager.
A disadvantage of the above-mentioned known system is that it is not a flexible solution. The solution is only aimed at detecting dangerous states in a stationary vehicle. Another disadvantage is that the system is not dynamic and cannot be updated automatically.
The document US-B1 -6,441 ,731 discloses a portable alarm system for the use in a dwelling, boat, office or any other structure that may benefit from safety surveillance. The portable alarm system 10 is included in a portable casing 12. The alarm system 10 comprises a keyboard panel 14 connected to a
microprocessor 20. The keyboard panel 14 may, among other things, be used in
RECORD COPY-TRANSLATION
(Rule 12,4) order to program the alarm system 10 according to specific user needs. A timing light 16 is preferably included in the casing 12. The alarm system 10 can initiate a call to a safety surveillance station by means of, for instance, wireless technology. The alarm system 10 may also comprise a vibration/impact sensor in order to activate the alarm functions if the portable unit is moved or if attempts are made to destroy the portable unit.
A disadvantage of the above-mentioned known alarm system is that it is relatively bulky since it, among other things, comprises a keyboard panel. Another disadvantage is that the alarm system is not dynamic and cannot be updated automatically.
The known solutions shown above are partly or completely impaired by the disadvantages listed below.
- They are space-requiring and cannot be placed optionally.
- The solutions are expensive.
- Cannot be controlled from optional stationary or mobile telephone as well as radio unit.
- Do not indicate the position.
- They have no so-called "black box function".
- They do not comprise any database.
- The solutions are not dynamic or interactive, and cannot be controlled via web or wap.
- The solutions comprise buttons and/or displays that make them dearer and constitute sources of error as well as make it more difficult for users.
- The solutions are difficult or impossible to mount in hidden installation types, in arbitrarily chosen environment.
- No universal standard solution for mobile or stationary applications, where it is intended to, e.g., count pulses, measure vibrations, shocks, impacts and/or sound waves.
- The shown solutions are static and show no flexibility regarding dynamic software updateable.
- Only statically mechanical solutions, without modules having data buses, which are not adaptable over time. This means that modified conditions require tailor-made special solutions. - The shown solutions cannot be used in exposed environments such as, e.g., open boats, outboard motors, lawn-mover tractors and tool boxes.
- The solutions lack "intelligence" in order to "record" the specific preconditions of the environment in order to get their unique configuration and unique rules.
- The solutions comprise no wireless "man-overboard functions".
- The systems according to the solutions cannot easily be connected to industrial system structures.
- The solutions cannot detect acceleration, retardation and carry out measurement of position by means of relative translation, speed, distance and time.
- The solutions have no log functions, neither in activated nor in deactivated state.
- The solutions cannot be combined with, for instance, a sea chart plotter. The Object of the Invention
All over the world, there are screw joints, mechanical joints, compression joints and rivet joints in different applications, such as in mobile and stationary objects on land, at sea, in the air, buildings, vehicles and infrastructure objects as well as on all types of things, persons and in certain cases also animals. The inventor of the present invention has realized that problems exist with said screw, mechanical or rivet joints regardless the size and dimensions. In the mounting, there are problems with knowing, checking and controlling the prestressing of the joint. After the mounting and during use and operation, there are problems with knowing, checking and controlling the prestressing of the joint in the operational environment. Examples of consequences when the prestressing is not correct according to pre-requirements are that play arises, which makes that the entire or parts of the function is/are reduced or ceases/cease, and that forces and torques cannot be transmitted in the way the designer has decided or intended. This may cause accidents and negative consequences in respect of economy and safety for people and animals, etc.
The object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the above- mentioned problems or disadvantages. Summary of the Invention
The above-mentioned object of the present invention is achieved by providing a sensor unit characterized in that the same is adapted for placement between two components, which sensor unit comprises sensor members for the detection of at least one state quantity of the fixed joint and further comprises signalling members for transferring signals to a receiving unit. By said sensor unit, a very flexible solution is obtained that is suitable for a number of different applications. Said sensor members may comprise one or several units. Said sensor members may comprise one or several of, e.g., force sensor,
accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, inductive gauges, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure transducers, piezo-electric transducers, etc. Other sensor members are also possible. The signalling member may comprise a transmitter or transceiver for wireless communication and may comprise an antenna unit. The signalling member may also be arranged for wired communication.
By the sensor unit according to the present invention, a so-called "smart washer" can be achieved, which may be a washer provided with a centre hole that is applied between a screw and a nut, or between two different materials that are to be interconnected, threaded on a rivet between the two materials that the rivet should join or between two different things as a plain mechanical or compression joint, without having to thread anything through the centre hole. In certain screw dimensions, such as larger screw dimensions, the sensor unit may be integrated with the screw, or be integrated with a nut.
By the sensor unit according to the present invention, it is possible to measure, register and collect various states regarding parameters, force, tension and, if required, temperature as well as moisture content, as well as register and collect normal states in screw, rivet, mechanical and/or compression joints and report changes as well as trig alerts and control by sending digital and/or analog signals if desired for taking action. The measures may be almost anything, e.g., to send SMS, e-mail messages, voice dial message, switching on/off analog and/or digital equipment/apparatus. The functions may also be limited to be used locally at the washer without contact with the surrounding world if desired. In the detailed description of embodiments, maybe only application of screws or bolts with a nut is described, but the corresponding can apply for rivet, mechanical and compression joints. Upon joining of for instance a screw joint of an arbitrary dimension comprising at least one screw and one nut, the sensor unit or the smart washer is placeable between the screw and the nut. Upon tightening of the screw, the force and tension in the screw joint can be registered and the temperature and the moisture content can also, if required, be registered. When the screw joint is assembled, the status of these parameters can be analysed, calculated, registered and defined as a normal state. This normal state can be stored locally in a memory or storage member in the sensor unit/smart washer. This normal state can be defined as a threshold value-based normal state, or as a dynamic normal state that, e.g., is a part of a pattern. This normal state can be communicated via a computer-distributing network to a database that stores data for analyses, calculations and comparisons of different kinds, e.g., with the pre-defined normal state, with other screws in other screw joints, etc. Upon mounting of a plurality of screws of the same or of different screw joints, one or several of these normal states can be compared with other states in the same screw joint and/or with other screw joints and/or data and product models.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the sensor unit according to the present invention, the sensor unit is adapted for placement in a fixed joint between two components connected by the fixed joint. Alternatively, the sensor unit may, e.g., be attached to a first component, e.g., at the surface of the component, e.g., by an adhesive, such as glue, or other fastening members, such as a screw, etc., and then a second component can be placed loosely resting on or against the sensor unit. If the sensor unit, e.g., is attached to a loading pallet, the sensor unit can alert if the load of the loading pallet is changed, e.g., if the weight of the cargo on the loading pallet is altered, which, e.g., may indicate that articles or goods are removed from the pallet.
According to another advantageous embodiment of the sensor unit according to the present invention, the sensor unit is formed as a washer. By this embodiment, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
Advantageously, the outer border of the washer contains one, several or all of the members of the sensor unit. Alternatively, the sensor unit, or the washer, is formed as a plate that may be tetragonal and have the size of 1200 x 800 mm and may correspond to a loading pallet, e.g., according to European standard, such as a so-called Europallet. The plate may be formed as a square, rectangle or another geometrical shape. The plate may have an adapted thickness, e.g., at least 2 mm. The entire plate may constitute a sensor unit and may in one or several regions, points, areas or lines be provided with sensor members to register signals, e.g., regarding dynamic and static load. Sensor members may be placed in the respective corner of the plate and may be a part of foot-like protuberances.
Alternatively, a plate, which may be tetragonal and may have the size of 1200 * 800 mm, may be provided with one or several sensor units, e.g., in the form of washers. Advantageously, the respective corner of the plate may be provided with a sensor unit.
According to an additional advantageous embodiment of the sensor unit according to the present invention, the sensor unit has a through hole. By this embodiment, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
According to another advantageous embodiment of the sensor unit according to the present invention, the sensor unit is arranged to detect one or several of the state quantities tension, force, strain, temperature and moisture content in anyone of all feasible combinations of said state quantities. By this embodiment, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
According to yet an advantageous embodiment of the sensor unit according to the present invention, the sensor unit comprises storage members and/or processing members. By this embodiment, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the sensor unit according to the present invention, the signalling member of the sensor unit is arranged to emit signals for wireless signal transfer. By this embodiment, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
According to an additional advantageous embodiment of the sensor unit according to the present invention, the sensor unit is arranged in such a way that the signals are in the form of one or several of the kinds SMS, e-mail, voice dial message, switching on/off of equipment. By this embodiment, the above- mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
The sensor unit may be combined with and connected to the alarm system disclosed in the European patent application EP 1 719 088.
The above-mentioned object of the present invention is also achieved by providing an alert system, the alert system comprising at least one, preferably several sensor units according to anyone of the accompanying claims 1-8 and at least one receiving unit arranged to receive signals from one or several of the sensor units. By this alert system, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced. Several sensor units may be placed on top of each other and/or may be placed in physical contact with each other. These sensor units that adjoin each other may have different setting and sensitivity. Advantageously, several sensor units are arranged to communicate with each other, wirelessly or wiredly, whereby several sensor units can act in group and the measurements of one sensor unit can be compared with measurements of the other sensor units. According to an embodiment of the alert system according to the present invention, several sensor units may have a common wireless transmitter or transceiver, which may comprise an antenna unit.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the alert system according to the present invention, the alert system is characterized in that at least one of the receiving units comprises storage members and/or processing members for the storage and processing, respectively, of input signals. By this embodiment, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
According to an additional advantageous embodiment of the alert system according to the present invention, the alert system is characterized in that at least one of the receiving units comprises signalling members for output of signals.
According to another advantageous embodiment of the alert system according to the present invention, the alert system is characterized in that a receiving member for the reception of signals for the receiving unit is arranged in the vicinity of at least one of the sensor units or is a component in said at least one of the sensor units.
The above-mentioned object of the present invention is in addition achieved by providing a fixed joint, such as, e.g., a screw joint, rivet joint, mechanical joint or compression joint, the joint comprising at least one sensor unit according to anyone of the accompanying claims 1-8. By this joint, a very flexible solution is obtained that is suitable for a number of different applications. By this joint, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the fixed joint according to the present invention, the fixed joint is characterized in that said at least one sensor unit is a part of an alert system according to anyone of the accompanying claims 9-12.
The above-mentioned object of the present invention is also achieved by providing an alert system intended to trig an alert signal upon deviation from at least one environment-depending reference for a specific environment that may be a screw, rivet, compression or mechanical joint, the alert system comprising at least one physical unit applied in the environment, having a size the space requirement of which is adapted to the dimensions of the screw, rivet,
compression and/or mechanical joint, which unit comprises a sensor system arranged to measure, register and collect various states comprising at least strain, force or tension, a processing member connected to the sensor system and intended for signal processing, analysis and comparison of signals received from the at least one environment-depending reference in the environment by the sensor system of the applied physical unit, a communication member of a unique identity connected to the processing member, and a memory member connected to the processing member. By this alert system, a very flexible solution is obtained that is suitable for a number of different applications. Advantageously, this alert system is characterized in that the at least one physical unit is connectable to a database for the storage of data and described reference(s). Advantageously, the alert system comprises said database. By this alert system, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
The object is also achieved by an alarm system intended to trigger an alert signal upon deviation from at least one environment-depending reference, predetermined for a specific environment, according to the accompanying claim 17. The alarm system comprises at least one portable unit intended to be placed in said environment, which unit has a size not greater than a mobile telephone. Each unit comprises a sensor system adapted for detecting different states, comprising at least one of vibrations relative position changes or accelerations. Furthermore, each unit comprises a processor member connected to the sensor member and adapted for the comparison of signals obtained from the sensor system and said predetermined environment-dependent reference(s). Furthermore, each unit comprises a communication member of a unique identity connected to the processor member and adapted for wireless communication upon, for instance, triggering of an alarm signal. Furthermore, each unit comprises a positioning member connected to the processor member and adapted to indicate, at least upon triggering of an alert signal, the position of said unit. Furthermore, the alarm system comprises a memory member connected to the processor member via a distributed computer network and adapted for the storage of said predetermined reference(s).
By means of the alarm system according to the present, a very flexible solution invention is obtained, which fits a number of different applications.
Another substantial advantage is that the alarm system according to the present invention is dynamic and can be updated automatically.
In this connection, an additional advantage is obtained if the memory member furthermore is adapted for dynamic and interactive update and
development for different purposes by manoeuvring via fixed and/or mobile telephony and/or radio and/or computer unit.
In this connection, an additional advantage is obtained if the sensor system comprises at least one of the following sensors: accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, camera, temperature transmitters, UV/photocells, electronic noses, anemometers, infrared transmitters, gamma transducers, laser transmitters, inductive transducers, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure gauges.
In this connection, an additional advantage is obtained if each positioning member consists of at least one of the following units: GPS unit, GPRS unit and GSM unit.
In this connection, an additional advantage is obtained if said
predetermined reference could consist of a sound/vibration image specific to each portable unit.
In this connection, an additional advantage is obtained if each unit comprises at least one basic module, as well as a protecting cover.
An additional advantage is obtained in this connection if the memory member is adapted for continuous storage of comparisons and/or continuous storage of deviations.
In this connection, an additional advantage is obtained if the memory member consists of a database. The above-mentioned object is also achieved by a method for reading-out an alert signal by means of an alarm system according to any one of claims 17- 24. The method comprises the steps of:
- by means of the sensor system, detecting different states comprising at least one of vibrations relative position changes or accelerations;
- comparing the signals obtained from the sensor system and at least one environment-dependent reference predetermined for a specific environment and stored in the memory member;
- upon deviation from said environment-dependent reference(s), triggering an alert signal; and
- according to instantaneous control or predetermined configuration, by means of the communication member of a unique identity, transmitting a message to at least one receiver; and
- according to instantaneous control or predetermined configuration, by means of the positioning member, determining the position of the unit; and
- transmitting the position to the receivers).
In this connection, an additional advantage is obtained if the detection step comprises:
- to detect various states by means of at least one of the following sensors: accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, camera, temperature transmitters, UV/photocells, electronic noses, anemometers, infrared transmitters, gamma transducers, laser transmitters, inductive transducers, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure gauges.
In this connection, an additional advantage is obtained if the positioning step comprises:
- to determine the position by means of at least one of the following units: GPS unit, GPRS unit and GSM unit.
In this connection, an additional advantage is obtained if the method further comprises the step of:
- to register and, in the memory member, store the reference(s) that may consist of a sound/vibration image specific to each unit.
According to an additional advantageous embodiment of the alert system according to the present invention as defined in claims 9-12, 15 or 16, the alert system has the features defined for the alarm system according to any one of claims 16-23. By these embodiments, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
In addition, the above-mentioned object is also achieved by a method for the surveillance of a fixed joint, wherein the method is exercised by an alert system according to any one of claims 9-12, 15-16 or 29 or according to any one the above-mentioned embodiments of the alert system according to the present invention. Advantageously, this method comprises the measures defined in any one of claims 25-28. By this method, the above-mentioned positive effects are further enhanced.
The above-mentioned object is also achieved by at least one computer software product directly downloadable in the internal memory of at least one digital computer, comprising software code sections to execute the steps according to anyone of the accompanying claims 25-28 and 30-31 or the steps according to any one the above-mentioned embodiments of the method according to the present invention when said at least one product is run on said at least one computer (1001 , ... , 100n).
The above-mentioned features and embodiments of the sensor unit, the alert system, the fixed joint, the alarm system, the method and the at least one software product, respectively, according to the present invention can be combined in many different possible ways and thereby provide additional advantageous embodiments.
Additional advantageous embodiments of the sensor unit, the alert system, the fixed joint, the alarm system, the method and the at least one software product, respectively, according to the present invention and other advantages of the present invention are seen in the detailed description of embodiments.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The present invention will now, for exemplifying purposes, be described more thoroughly by means of embodiments and with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an alarm system according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 schematically shows a first embodiment of a portable unit included in the alarm system shown in Fig. 1 ; Fig. 3 shows a flow chart of a method for triggering an alert signal according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows two examples of sound/vibration images specific to the portable unit included in the alarm system shown in Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 5 shows a schematic image of some software products according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an alert system for the surveillance of a fixed joint according to the present invention; Fig. 7 illustrates a schematic embodiment of the sensor unit according to the present invention; and
Figs. 8, 9 and 10 show different examples of embodiments of the sensor unit
according to the present invention.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
In Fig. 1 , a block diagram is shown of an alarm system 10 according to the present invention. The alarm system 10 is intended to trigger an alert signal upon deviation from at least one environment-dependent reference predetermined for a specific environment. The alarm system 10 comprises at least one portable unit 12 intended to be placed in said environment. For the sake of simplicity, only one portable unit 12 is shown in Fig. 1 , but it is pointed out for the sake of
completeness that the number of portable units 12 may be any number suitable for a specific application. Each portable unit 12 has a size not greater than a mobile telephone. As is seen in Fig. 1 , each portable unit 12 comprises a sensor system 14 adapted for detecting different states comprising at least one of vibrations relative position changes or accelerations. Furthermore, each portable unit 12 comprises a processor member 16 connected to the sensor system 14 and adapted for the comparison of signals obtained from the sensor system 14 and said predetermined, environment-dependent reference(s). Furthermore, each portable unit 12 comprises a communication member 18 of a unique identity connected to the processor member 16 and adapted for wireless communication upon, for instance, triggering of an alarm signal. As is seen in Fig. 1 , each portable unit 12 further comprises a positioning member 20 connected to the processor member 16 and adapted for, at least upon triggering of an alert signal, indicating the position of said portable unit 12. The alarm system 10 further comprises a memory member 24 connected to the processor member 16 via a distributed computer network 22 and adapted for the storage of said predetermined reference(s). As is furthermore seen in Fig. 1 , the communication member 18 may communicate via the distributed computer network 22, which, for instance, may be the Internet.
According to a preferred embodiment of the alarm system 10 according to the present invention, the memory member 24 is further adapted for dynamic and interactive update and development for different purposes by manoeuvring via fixed and/or mobile telephony and/or radio and/or computer unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the alarm system 10 according to the present invention, the sensor system 14 comprises at least one of the following sensors: accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, camera, temperature transmitters, UV/photocells, electronic noses, anemometers, infrared transmitters, gamma transducers, laser transmitters, inductive transducers, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure gauges.
According to a preferred embodiment of the alarm system 10 according to the present invention, each positioning member 20 consists of at least one of the following units: GPS unit, GPRS unit and GSM unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the alarm system 10 according to the present invention, said predetermined reference may consist of a
sound/vibration image specific to each portable unit 12. (Compare Fig. 4).
According to a preferred embodiment of the alarm system 10 according to the present invention, each portable unit 12 comprises at least one basic module 12-1, as well as a protecting cover 12n. {Compare Fig. 2).
According to a preferred embodiment of the alarm system 10 according to the present invention, the memory member 24 is adapted for continuous storage of deviations and/or continuous storage of comparisons.
According to a preferred embodiment of the alarm system 10 according to the present invention, the memory member 24 consists of a database 24.
In Fig. 2, a first embodiment is schematically shown of a portable unit 12 included in the alarm system 10 shown in Fig. 1. As is seen in Fig. 2, each portable unit 12 comprises a basic module 12-ι, two intermediate modules 122, 123 as well as a protecting cover 12n. The basic module 12i and the two intermediate modules 122, 123 are connected by means of data buses (not shown), in order to provide flexibility and possibilities for the adaptation to various needs.
It should also be pointed out that the portable unit 12 may comprise more than two intermediate modules.
When installation has been made, it is told via telephone, the Internet or other media in which type of environment and which surrounding the portable unit 12 is going to operate in.
The portable unit 12 gets a configuration with adapted default settings and then may, for instance, sound and vibration images "be recorded" in the unique environment and be stored in the portable unit 12 as well as in the database 24 situated at another location. This is made in order to minimise false alerts by the fact that the sensitivity is calibrated.
The portable unit 12 is entirely upgraded via wireless communication. It should also be pointed out that the portable unit 12 also may be activated and upgraded via non-wireless communication, i.e., permanent connection.
In Fig. 3, a flow chart is shown of a method for triggering an alert signal according to the present invention. The method is carried out by means of an alarm system 10 (compare Fig. 1) according to the present invention. The method begins at the block 30. Then the method continues, at the block 32, with the step of: by means of the sensor system 14 (compare Fig. 1) detecting different states comprising at least one of vibrations relative position changes or accelerations. The method then continues, at the block 34, with the step of: comparing the signals obtained from the sensor system 14 and at least one environment- dependent reference predetermined for a specific environment and stored in the memory member 24. The method then continues, at block 36, with a question if deviation from reference is found? Upon a negative answer to this question, the step is carried out according to block 32 again. If the answer, on the other hand, is affirmative, the method continues at block 38, with the step of: upon deviation from said environment-dependent reference(s), triggering an alert signal. The method then continues at block 40, with a question if message is desired? Upon a negative answer to this question, the method is terminated at block 50. On the other hand, if the answer is affirmative, the method continues, at block 42, with the step of: according to instantaneous control or predetermined configuration, by means of the communication member of a unique identity, transmitting a message to at least one receiver. The method then continues, at block 44, with a question if the position should be found? Upon a negative answer to this question, the method is terminated at block 50. On the other hand, if the answer is affirmative, the method continues, at block 46, with the step of: according to instantaneous control or predetermined configuration, by means of the positioning member, determining the position of the portable unit 12. Then the method continues, at the block 48, with the step of: transmitting the position to the receiver(s). The method is then terminated at the block 50.
According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the detection step comprises: the detection of different states by means of at least one of the following sensors: accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, camera, temperature transmitters, UV/photocells, electronic noses, anemometers, infrared transmitters, gamma transducers, laser transmitters, inductive transducers, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure gauges.
According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the positioning step comprises: the determination of the position by means of at least one of the following units: GPS unit, GPRS unit and GSM unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the method further comprises the step of: registering and, in the memory member 24, storing the reference(s) that may consist of a sound/vibration image specific to each portable unit 12.
In Fig. 4, two examples are shown of sound/vibration images specific to a portable unit 12 included in the alarm system 10 shown in Fig. 1. The dynamic sensor system 14 records a "normal state" and may also use the stored
sound/vibration images in the portable unit 12 locally or via wireless
communication centrally in the memory member 24. Update and changes of acceptable sound/vibration image are carried out dynamically via wireless communication. In the examples shown in Fig. 4, three sensors are used in the sensor system 14. However, it should be pointed out that more sensors may be used depending on the application in question. In the graphs shown in Fig. 4, A indicates the deviation area, i.e., the area outside the recorded normal state. As is seen in the uppermost graph in Fig. 4, the signals from the sensors 1 and 2 are within the normal state, while the signal from the sensor 3 is outside the normal state, i.e., a deviation is detected. In order to be able to minimise sources of error and the risk of false alert, it is normally not enough that only one sensor detects deviation from the normal state/reference for an alert to be triggered. Therefore, it is generally required that three different types of sensors simultaneously detect deviation from references for an alert to be triggered. This situation is
schematically illustrated in the lower graph in Fig. 4. There, the signals from the sensors 1-3 are "simultaneously" outside the normal state, and therefore, in this case an alert would be triggered. It should be pointed out that the sound/vibration signals shown in Fig. 4, in the form of sinusoidal signals, are just schematic.
Normally, the sound/vibration signals are much more complex.
By the solution according to the present invention, an alarm system 10 is obtained, which is dynamic and may be developed and updated manually as well as automatically, entirely wirelessly via the Internet. Furthermore, the intelligence arises from the fact that several measuring and detecting methods being independent from each other are applied and generate data, which are processed and are compared against memory and a database where different normal states are defined by threshold values/references.
A log registers all alerts that furthermore are stored in the database 24.
These alerts are analysed and processed, and serve as a foundation for the adjustment of threshold values/references within given intervals and frames as well as for the production of, among other things, statistics. The following things can be identified, detected, measured, alerted and reported. Very small deviations from the defined normal states/references of an alerted object, for instance, deviating sound, mechanical loads, strains in material per unit, shocks, impacts and vibrations.
By sound, shock, impact, vibration, a micro motion in a material is intended and of different type, frequency, level as well as amplitude.
Since vibrations frequently are composite, it is of great importance to detect the phenomenon by a plurality of techniques being independent of each other and having a certain overlap. It should be pointed out that two portable units 12 or more portable units 12 may be installed in pair or group installation where the portable units 12 can communicate with each other.
An example is, for instance, to mount a portable unit 12 in a boat and a second portable unit 12 in the outboard motor, where, for instance, photographing is effected upon dismounting of the motor hood and/or tampering with the boat.
The alarm system 10 according to the present invention may be used in order to alert mobile objects such as, for instance, vehicles of all kinds, for instance, automobiles, motor cycles, mopeds, bicycles, trailer, caravan, boats, outboard motors, snowmobiles, jet-skis, lawnmowers, contractor's machinery, heavy vehicles, lorries, buses, rail-mounted vehicles, barracks and stores on wheels as well as stationary, caddie cars, bags, boxes, skis, snowboards, roof boxes and miscellaneous other things.
Examples of stationary objects that may be alerted are computers, machines and equipment, tools, tool cabinets, tool boxes, stores, wagons, carts, spaces, premises, beams, tubes, pipe supports, foundations, arches, gearboxes, pallets, collecting boxes, containers, ground installations, outdoor as well as indoor, traps in the nature, music systems in premises, for reporting/alert of, e.g., sound levels, thresholds as well as miscellaneous other things.
The sensor signals may be compared and checked by a plurality of methods being independent from each other. Multisensor indication may be applied. It is possible, e.g., to require deviation signal from one or more sensors before the alert should be triggered.
It is possible to decide that a call should be effected in order to check the status of the alert and/or the environment, as it is possible to activate cameras, connection/disconnection of other equipment, also at other locations.
The driver of a vehicle may in addition be provided with a portable unit 12, wherein a "man-overboard function" alerts if, e.g., the driver no longer is in contact with the portable unit 12 installed in the vehicle.
The alarm system 10 according to the present invention may be used in order to monitor a machine or another industrial unit.
If, for instance, the conditions for a gear housing is altered, let us say the oil level, another type of sound, vibrations and resonances are generated than what has been recorded and determined as "normal". This may then generate an alert. Correspondingly, wear of different types generates other resonances and sound, which also may trigger an alert upon deviation from a defined normal case.
Upon, e.g., a collision between two objects, one of which has a portable unit 12 installed, alteration of motion, retardation and/or acceleration may be detected and trigger an alert. The positioning function finds the position of where the alert was triggered, which enables the receipt of a log about what happened immediately before the collision. For instance, course, vibrations, speed and direction.
Another application for the alarm system 10 according to the present invention is, for instance, in bogie systems of road vehicles and rail-mounted vehicles in order to provide information when sound/vibration images with selected and defined threshold values have been exceeded at a certain level.
This makes it possible to alert immediately when something unexpected or undesirable occurs, e.g., puncture or wear of railway wheels or tyres.
The solution according to the present invention is intelligent and dynamic, among other things by the fact that the portable unit 12 "records" the environment it has been applied in, collects data by measuring a plurality of different
environment-depending sound/vibration sensors. The result of the
recording/collection supplements the default settings and thereby the result is obtained that is defined as a normal state.
Deviations in sound/vibration images that have been stored in the memory and database in the basic configuration are then processed, analysed and compared.
The sound images, levels and tolerance width for deviations from normal state are based on data and results from different results from laboratories and real outcomes, which, among other things, are derived from "the recording" of the unique environment of the unique installation and in question.
Furthermore, the system is interactive and can communicate bidirectional in a plurality of different ways, among other things by GPRS, GSM and position can be generated by means of GPS and GSM. Accelerations, retardations, time measurement make that position changes can be calculated and transmitted at a chosen instant of time.
In Fig. 5, a schematic image is shown of some computer software products according to present invention. In Fig. 5, n different digital computers 100i, ... , 10On are shown, where n is an integer. In Fig. 5, n different computer software products 102i 102n are further shown, here shown in the form of CD discs. The different computer software products 102i, ... , 102n are directly loadable in the internal memory of the n different digital computers 100i 10On. Each computer software product 102i 102n comprises software code sections for executing a part of or all the steps according to Fig. 3 when the product(s) 102i, ... , 102n is/are run on said computer 100i, ... , 10On. The computer software products 102-1, ... , 102n may, for instance, be in the form of discs, RAM discs, magnetic tapes, magneto-optical discs or any other suitable products.
Fig. 6 schematically shows an embodiment and aspects of an alert system
601 for the surveillance of a fixed joint according to the present invention. The alert system 601 may be intended to trig an alert signal upon deviation from at least one environment-depending reference for a specific environment that may be a screw, rivet, compression or mechanical joint. The alert system 601 comprises at least one physical unit 602, such as one or several sensor units 602, applied in the environment, having a size the space requirements of which may be adapted to the dimensions of the screw, rivet, compression or mechanical joint. The
respective sensor unit 602 may be adapted for placement in a fixed joint between two components connected by the fixed joint. The sensor unit 602 comprises sensor members 603 for the detection of at least one state quantity of the fixed joint and may furthermore comprise signalling members 606, such as
communication members, e.g., a transponder or a transceiver, for transferring signals to a receiving unit, and may have a unique identity. The sensor unit 602 may be formed as a washer and may be provided with a through hole 605. The sensor unit 602 may be arranged to detect one or several of the state quantities tension, force, strain, temperature and moisture content in anyone of all feasible combinations of said state quantities. The sensor unit 602 may comprise storage members 608, such as a memory card or hard disc, and may comprise processing members 610, such as a microprocessor. The sensor unit 602 may also comprise positioning members 611 , e.g., a GPS unit, to give the position of the sensor unit 602. The signalling member 606 of the sensor unit 602 may be arranged to emit signals for wireless signal transfer. The sensor unit 602 may be arranged in such a way that the signals are in the form of one or several of the kinds SMS, e-mail, voice dial message, switching on/off of equipment. The sensor unit 602 may be connectable, advantageously, by wireless connection, to a database 620 for the storage of data and described reference(s). The sensor unit(s) 602 may be included in an alert system 601 that may comprise at least one, preferably several sensor units 602 and at least one receiving unit 612 arranged to receive signals from one or several of the sensor units 602. At least one of the receiving units 612 may comprise storage members 614 and may comprise processing members 616 for the storage and processing, respectively, of input signals. At least one of the receiving units 612 may comprise signalling members 618 for output and/or receipt of signals. A receiving member for the reception of signals for the receiving unit 612 may be arranged in the vicinity of at least one of the sensor units 602 or is a component in said at least one of the sensor units 612.
The sensor member 603, the signalling member 606, the storage member 608, the processing member 610 and positioning members 611 are schematically shown in Fig. 6 and it should be appreciated that one, several or all of these may be included in the sensor unit 602, which may be washer-shaped, and may be contained by the washer-shaped or plate-shaped sensor unit 602. The sensor member 603, the signalling member 606, the storage member 608, the processing member 610 and positioning members 611 may mutually be connected to each other. The processing member 610 may be arranged for signal processing, analysis and comparison of signals received from the at least one environment- depending reference in the environment by the sensor member 603 or sensor system of the applied sensor unit 602. Suitable sensor members, such as sensors, e.g., force sensor, accelerometer /silicon crystal, microphone, frequency
transmitters, strain gauges, inductive gauges, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure transducers, piezo-electric transducers, are known to a person skilled in the art. Alternatively, one or several of the sensor member 603, the signalling member 606, the storage member 608, the processing member 610 and positioning members 611 are situated outside the body of the sensor unit 602.
Fig. 7 illustrates a schematic embodiment of the sensor unit 702 according to the present invention from different perspectives, and Figs. 8, 9 and 10 show different additional examples of embodiment of the sensor unit 712, 722, 732 according to the present invention from different perspectives. Each one of the sensor units 702, 722, 732 may be provided with a through hole 705, 725, 735. Other shapes of the sensor unit are also possible. The sensor unit may be manufactured from different suitable materials, such as metal, e.g., stainless steel, aluminium, etc., and/or different polymer materials, etc. Advantageously, the sensor unit comprises a stiff washer, such as a metallic or ceramic washer, having recesses for the different members and/or electronics of the sensor unit, and the stiff washer may be provided with a polymer casing, such as a casing of plastic or rubber. The polymer casing may be applied over the metal washer in many different ways, e.g., by snap-in function or by casting. By this design, the sensor unit is given a "puck-like" and compact appearance.
The alert system 601 and the sensor unit 602 may be utilized to alert, e.g., equipment of fixed and stationary objects, e.g., of vehicles. When someone without authorization tries to dismount searchlight or another fixedly mounted equipment, alert can be triggered and warn the respective selected receivers. When someone tries to dismount/manipulate entrances, doors, windows, bars, etc., in security systems/functions, the alert system 601 and the sensor unit 602 can be utilized to trig alerts. These alerts can be triggered if the function of the sensor unit 602, e.g., in the form of a so-called smart washer, is altered and/or if it would be destroyed since it can be connected to the distributed network. In nuclear power stations, processing industries, factories and product plants and on ships, etc., pressurized media in pipes and cisterns may cause great problems if the normal state is altered and the alert system 601 and the sensor unit 602 may advantageously also be used here.
In prior art, such as within the industry and in vehicles as well as in other stationary and mobile objects, pressure, flow, temperature are measured and checked by means of transducers on the surface or directly in the medium, but it is rarely known how the mounting has been carried out or what status the mounting has over time when seals, etc., have sagged due to the influence from the operational environment. By means of the alert system 601 and the sensor unit 602 according to the present invention, this problem is solved. Rotating machines and transmissions, engines, etc., and in all places where vibrations are more or less occurring, there is a certain risk that the screw joints will break down because of erroneous dimensioning, mounting or after a certain time because of the operation conditions, and here the alert system 601 and the sensor unit 602 according to the present invention may stand in good stead.
The invention shall not be considered to be limited to the embodiments illustrated above but may be modified and altered in many ways within the scope of the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. Sensor unit (602; 702; 712; 722; 732), characterized in that the same is adapted for placement between two components, which sensor unit comprises sensor members (603) for the detection of at least one state quantity of the fixed joint and further comprises signalling members (606) for transferring signals to a receiving unit (612).
2. Sensor unit according to claim 1 , characterized in that the sensor unit (602) is adapted for placement in a fixed joint between two components connected by the fixed joint.
3. Sensor unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the same is formed as a washer.
4. Sensor unit according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the same has a through hole (605; 705; 725; 735).
5. Sensor unit according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the sensor unit (602) is arranged to detect one or several of the state quantities tension, force, strain, temperature and moisture content in anyone of all feasible combinations of said state quantities.
6. Sensor unit according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the same comprises storage members (608) and/or processing members (610).
7. Sensor unit according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the signalling member (606) thereof is arranged to emit signals for wireless signal transfer.
8. Sensor unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the sensor unit (602) is arranged in such a way that the signals are in the form of one or several of the kinds SMS, e-mail, voice dial message, switching on/off of equipment.
9. Alert system (601 ), characterized in that the same comprises at least one, preferably several sensor units (602; 702; 712; 722; 732) according to any one of claims 1-8 and at least one receiving unit (612) arranged to receive signals from one or several of the sensor units.
10. Alert system according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the receiving units (612) comprises storage members (614) and/or processing members (616) for the storage and processing, respectively, of input signals.
11. Alert system according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least one of the receiving units (612) comprises signalling members (618) for output of signals.
12. Alert system according to claim 11 , characterized in that a receiving member for the reception of signals for the receiving unit is arranged in the vicinity of at least one of the sensor units (602) or is a component in said at least one of the sensor units.
13. Fixed joint, such as, e.g., a screw joint, rivet joint, mechanical joint or compression joint, characterized in that the joint comprises at least one sensor unit according to any one of claims 1-8.
14. Fixed joint according to claim 13, characterized in that said at least one sensor unit is a part of an alert system according to any one of claims 9-12.
15. Alert system (601 ) intended to trig an alert signal upon deviation from at least one environment-depending reference for a specific environment that may be a screw, rivet, compression or mechanical joint, the alert system comprising at least one physical unit (602; 702; 712; 722; 732) applied in the environment, having a size the space requirement of which is adapted to the dimensions of the screw, rivet, compression and/or mechanical joint, which unit comprises a sensor system (603) arranged to measure, register and collect various states comprising at least strain, force or tension, a processing member (610) connected to the sensor system and intended for signal processing, analysis and comparison of signals received from the at least one environment-depending reference in the environment by the sensor system of the applied physical unit, a communication member (606) of a unique identity connected to the processing member, and a memory member (608) connected to the processing member.
16. Alert system according to claim 15, characterized in that the at least one physical unit (602) is connectable to a database (620) for the storage of data and described reference(s).
17. Alarm system (10) intended to trigger an alert signal upon deviation from at least one environment-dependent reference predetermined for a specific environment, which alarm system (10) comprises at least one portable unit (12) intended to be placed in said environment, which unit (12) has a size not greater than a mobile telephone, which unit (12), each comprising a sensor system (14) adapted for detecting different states comprising at least one of vibrations relative position changes or accelerations, a processor member (16) connected to the sensor system (14) and adapted for the comparison of signals obtained from the sensor system (14) and said predetermined environment-dependent reference(s), a communication member (18) of a unique identity connected to the processor member (16) and adapted for wireless communication upon, for instance, triggering of an alarm signal, and a positioning member (20) connected to the processor member (16) and adapted to indicate, at least upon triggering of an alert signal, the position of said unit (12), which alarm system (10) further comprises a memory member (24) connected to the processor member (16) via a distributed computer network (22) and adapted for the storage of said predetermined reference(s).
18. Alarm system (10) according to claim 17, characterized in that the memory member (24) furthermore is adapted for dynamic and interactive update and development for different purposes by manoeuvring via fixed and/or mobile telephony and/or radio and/or computer unit.
19. Alarm system (10) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that each sensor system (14) comprises at least one of the following sensors: accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, camera, temperature transmitters, UV/photocells, electronic noses, anemometers, infrared transmitters, gamma transducers, laser transmitters, inductive
transducers, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure gauges.
20. Alarm system (10) according to any one of claims 17-19, characterized in that each positioning member (20) consists of at least one of the following units: GPS unit, GPRS unit and GSM unit.
21. Alarm system (10) according to any one of claims 17-20, characterized in that said predetermined reference may consist of a sound/vibration image specific to each portable unit (12).
22. Alarm system (10) according to any one of claims 17-21 , characterized in that each unit (12) comprises at least one basic module (12i), as well as a protecting cover (12n).
23. Alarm system (10) according to any one of claims 17-22, characterized in that the memory member (24) is adapted to continuous storage of comparisons and/or continuous storage of deviations.
24. Alarm system (10) according to any one of claims 17-23, characterized in that the memory member (24) consists of a database (24).
25. Method for triggering an alert signal by means of an alarm system (10) according to any one of claims 17-24, which method comprises the steps of:
- by means of the sensor system (14), detecting various states comprising at least one of vibrations relative position changes or accelerations;
- comparing the signals obtained from the sensor system (14) and at least one environment-depending reference predetermined for a specific environment and stored in the memory member (24);
- upon deviation from said environment-depending reference(s), triggering an alert signal; and - according to instantaneous control or predetermined configuration, by means of the communication member (18) of a unique identity, transmitting a message to at least one receiver; and
- according to instantaneous control or predetermined configuration, by means of the positioning member (20), determining the position of the unit (12); and
- transmitting the position to the receiver(s).
26. Method according to claim 25, characterized in that the detection step comprises:
- to detect various states by means of at least one of the following sensors: accelerometer/silicon crystal, microphone, frequency transmitters, strain gauges, camera, temperature transmitters, UV/photocells, electronic noses, anemometers, infrared transmitters, gamma transducers, laser transmitters, inductive transducers, flow transmitters, level transducers, tension gauges and pressure gauges.
27. Method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the positioning step comprises:
- to determine the position by means of at least one of the following units: GPS unit, GPRS unit and GSM unit.
28. Method according to any one of claims 25-27, characterized in that the method further comprises the step:
- to register and, in the memory member (24), store the reference(s) that may consist of a sound/vibration image specific to each unit (12) .
29. Alert system according to any one of claims 9-12 and 15-16,
characterized in that the same has the features defined for the alarm system according to any one of claims 16-23.
30. Method for the surveillance of a fixed joint, characterized in that the method is exercised by an alert system according to any one of claims 9-12, 15- 16 or 29.
31. Method according to claim 30, characterized in that the method comprises the measures defined in any one of claims 25-28.
32. At least one computer software product (102i 102n) directly downloadable in the internal memory of at least one digital computer (100i 10On), comprising software code sections to execute the steps according to any one of claims 25-28 and 30-31 when said at least one product (102i 102n) is run on said at least one computer (100i, ... , 10On).
PCT/SE2010/050887 2009-08-14 2010-08-13 A sensor unit positioned between opposing surfaces and an alert system WO2011019318A1 (en)

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SE0901087 2009-08-14

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