WO2011016774A1 - Cassette à usage unique, poêle à cassette pour combustion à petite échelle de bois de chauffage - Google Patents

Cassette à usage unique, poêle à cassette pour combustion à petite échelle de bois de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011016774A1
WO2011016774A1 PCT/SE2010/050878 SE2010050878W WO2011016774A1 WO 2011016774 A1 WO2011016774 A1 WO 2011016774A1 SE 2010050878 W SE2010050878 W SE 2010050878W WO 2011016774 A1 WO2011016774 A1 WO 2011016774A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion
cassettes
cassette
wood
stove
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2010/050878
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English (en)
Inventor
John Henrik Guy Welin-Berger
Original Assignee
John Henrik Guy Welin-Berger
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by John Henrik Guy Welin-Berger filed Critical John Henrik Guy Welin-Berger
Priority to US13/388,939 priority Critical patent/US20120124900A1/en
Priority to EP10806715.8A priority patent/EP2491099A4/fr
Publication of WO2011016774A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011016774A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L11/00—Manufacture of firelighters
    • C10L11/04—Manufacture of firelighters consisting of combustible material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L11/00—Manufacture of firelighters
    • C10L11/06—Manufacture of firelighters of a special shape
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/368—Shaped fuels bundled or contained in a bag or other container

Definitions

  • the present invention may be characterized as a fixture, consisting of an outer wrapping inside which two or more combustible materials /components are enclosed in a certain relation to each other.
  • the fixture is composed of combustible materials only, such as paper, plastic (plastic sheet) and more, which means that during the course of the experiment the fixture is essentially consumed, while its contents transforms into heat, emissions, and ash by way of the heat from the wrapping and from its own combustion.
  • the present invention may also be defined as a cassette.
  • cassette is generally used to denote a unit usually standardized in size and shape with a certain content in order to easily be inserted into the space or context in which it is to operate. For simplicity it has in the following been chosen to use the word “cassette” as a designation for the present invention. (Cassette part)
  • Combustible, single-use material assemblies are previously known in a number of different embodiments and are intended to be easily useable and to be able to create a lighting of an adjacent combustible material, which in the normal case is constituted by wooden pieces of firewood.
  • Such combustible material assemblies have in many applications had the shape of newspaper sheets, which have been crumpled up into a "ball" or similar, and in which the paper material in the newspaper sheets have been compacted to such a degree that it will be possible to supply air and oxygen to the material assembly.
  • Different forms of material assemblies are known which have been steeped in paraffin so as to increase the energy content to exceed that offered by the paper material alone.
  • Paraffin bags are made in a liquid absorbing material, which completely or partly have been steeped in a paraffin oil-like, strongly petroleum smelling liquid, which is enclosed in a sealed plastic bag. In this case as well the flame is relatively small, yellowish, and strongly soot generating, and the lighting time is here also about 15 minutes. Paraffin bags
  • Splinted wood Splinted wood consists of wood which have been chopped or "splintered” into such small dimensions that the splintered product easily is lighted by insertion of for example one of the previously mentioned fire starters, but also having a sufficient energy content to be able to light the larger "split wood” and this should in turn and in a similar fashion receive a certain energy and to, by addition of its own energy, forward even more to guarantee a safe lighting of larger pieces of wood.
  • x Lighting fluids have caused explosions when used improperly and poisoning accidents (children who have accidentally been drinking the liquid).
  • x Harmful substances in lighting fluids may constitute a health hazard during for example grilling with additional grilling coals or briquettes which have been steeped in lighting fluid wherein a non-combusted part has been transferred to the grilling meat via the smoke and has given it its taste. Primitive start-up of fires
  • Air pollutants in different parts of the world which for example presents itself as smog and large clouds having a negative influence on the health of humans, on environment and climate, and which is shown to mainly come from emissions amongst others from small scale firewood combustion. Purpose and aim
  • x that the fuels selected are generally available in large amounts
  • PE polyethylene
  • x that three technical principles may be fundamental and guiding for the accomplishing of the project: hybrid combustion, thin film combustion, and interval combustion. x that the new technology also encompass compact storage and transportation to the user under optimal conditions.
  • the cassette unit mainly consists of two parts - wrapping and fuel part.
  • the wrapping may consist of for example paper + plastic film.
  • the fuel enveloped by the wrapping by compartments within it may be constituted by wood, paper, plastic and others.
  • the construction and design of the cassette primarily aims for fixing the fuel parts in a relation to each other in a manner which in the best way promotes a quick combustion with high temperature and to protect the contents from moisture and mechanical damage during transport and storage.
  • the compartments with enclosed fuel parts have, in order to reduce the need for space, received such a configuration that the cassettes may be placed compactly in relation to each other so that the need for space is reduced to 55 %, that is, that the air enclosed only take up a few percent of the volume. This also entails a greater stability and solidity for the packaging as a whole and for piling onto pallets.
  • the package mentioned may be assigned an opening- and sealing arrangement so that after removal of intended number of cassettes the package functioning as a dispenser may be resealed for a sealed storage.
  • This type of outer package may be of interest for especially demanding circumstances such as during expeditions and wilderness trips.
  • the design of the compacted unit is based on that all outer surfaces are smooth, which presupposes even wooden surfaces so that the aluminium foil is not damaged. Such damage is avoided during compacting from several units formed in this manner being placed together and in such a way so as to protect each other.
  • a lighting strip has been placed in one or more compartments of the cassette, which is made of for example paper + polyethylene -(PE) -film for high temperature emissions during combustion.
  • a weakening at the suitable locations would be easy to form by a sawed or cut section partly through the wooden stick or a weakening by a partial splitting for creating special combustion characteristics, for example for using a wooden stick as a timing relay.
  • the cassette in an embodiment of precision is in one embodiment formed by a wrapping which with such a precision and with such small tolerances in a manufacturing process comprises such manufactured plane parallel wooden pieces that these thanks to a fixing in the wrapping - longitudinally as well as transversely forms stackable planes which may be laid on each other crosswise to form a stable beam work in which each cassette by its weight press onto underlying cassette and locks by friction toward that cassette so that a high pile may be formed without a hazard of collapse during the combustion until all wrapping materials have been consumed and the wooden sticks have been transformed into embers and that only after a point has been reached in which the weakest part of the beam work is fragmented and it as a whole falls asunder into a disordered pile of ember fragments.
  • the single-use cassette has in one embodiment been given the shape of a roll in which the wooden sticks have been ordered in thin layers after each other enclosed as before by a wrapping of for example paper/ polyethylene film for fixation in position.
  • the inner turns may be given thinner sticks and thereafter the thickness may be successively increased with the diameter of the roll.
  • the purpose of this arrangement may be to achieve a quicker fire lighting by the correct proportions in the dimensions of the wooden sticks.
  • the rolls are given a favourable compacting by being wounded into a quadratic or square cross-section in order to in this manner save space during transport and storage.
  • In the middle of the roll is inlaid a smallish hole for quick passage of air during the fire lighting.
  • the roll cassette is intended to offer the same advantages as for the plane single-use cassettes which normally are stacked onto each other.
  • the roll cassettes may offer corresponding advantages:
  • the wrapping may, as with the wooden sticks, be adapted in various embodiments to an energy emission with desired quickness and intensity.
  • the roll cassettes may for example in their centre in which the start of the fire takes place be provided with very thin sticks, after which the thickness increases in steps further out.
  • the roll cassette may act such that during combustion with the centre hole vertically - each gap will be open and in parallel with the axis of the roll and thus act for a favourable air passage.
  • the roll cassette may be described as a pre-constructed, arranged and adapted combination of joined single-use cassettes forming a roll in which the sections alighted first are inner, central layers consisting of small fragments of wood after which the size of these successively increases with the diameter according to a calculated or empirically measured scale.
  • the roll cassette may with its square cross-section as a ready- prepared unit unit for feeding into the C- stove be a favourable alternative to the feeding into the grate sleeve which may carried out quickly and easily and thus shorten the time for the "open system". Remaining steps for "the open system" are described below:
  • the wrapping has an important function in tightly enveloping the fuel so that this after drying and packaging keeps its dryness even after a long time of storage.
  • the wrapping also has as its task to fix the fuel so that it remains in the location indicated.
  • the compartments in which the fuel has been enveloped has another important function.
  • the compartments When inserting into the grate sleeve of the C- stove a favourable and safe passage for fresh air must be ensured in order for allowing a quick lighting and combustion to take place. This is achieved by the compartments being arranged so that during the down transport of the roll in the grate sleeve the compartments will be vertical.
  • the air channels formed by the gaps between the compartments are used for intake and passage of fresh air.
  • a cassette is formed by a wrapping comprising compartments containing plane parallel wooden pieces manufactured with such a precision that they may, due to the fixation in the compartments, be stacked on top of each other with the wooden pieces lying either crosswise or in parallel with each other forming a stable beam work in which the cassettes by their weight and friction are hindered from sliding out sideways.
  • a relatively high stack may be raised without risk of collapse during the entire course of combustion until all wrapping-material has been consumed and the wooden pieces partly or entirely has transformed into embers where a point is reached in which the weakest point of the scaffolding (beam work) is broken and collapses in its entirety into a disordered pile of fragments of embers in which small flames quickly disappears with the last solid structures due to the high temperature.
  • the C-stove plays a major part in that it may collect the heat from the start of the cassette- stack partly by the cooking utensil positioned right above, but also by a chamber with a water circuit positioned to the side and around the cooking utensil and a drying hood positioned above. As soon as the bed of embers is formed and the compacting takes place with formation into a cylinder shape a raise may be carried out to close to the bottom of the cooking utensil for direct transfer of the energy.
  • the described process is but one example of one application of the three principles in combination: hybrid combustion, thin layer combustion and interval combustion.
  • the paper forms a more solid backing for the softer PE-film with which it is joined, and thus decomposition and sticking entailing a blocking of the necessary air passage and favourable combustion is prevented. Thanks to the thinness of the layers the rate of temperature intensification is increased - and even more so with strong air draughts.
  • Previously exemplifying fire starters on the market often builds on compact units with a long combustion time. Thin layers of paper/ PE make quick lighting and combustion possible. This principle is also valid for firewood pieces which has been cleaved or sawed to small dimensions in order to fit in said compartments in great numbers.
  • the walls of the compartments may be eliminated during combustion wherein the wooden content then consisting of small wooden sticks may fall asunder and be subjected to the flames with a large surface of exposure.
  • Cassette 1 Contains a lighting kit activated by a pulling strip and which lights adjacent layers in the compartment (paper/ PE) within about 10 seconds with a combustion time of about 20 seconds (overlap of about 10 seconds for safety). Height about 20 mm.
  • Cassette 2 Contains 10 compartments each enclosing a lighting stick (format
  • Cassette 4. Contains 3 compartments each enclosing 16 lighting sticks, in total 64 sticks. Height 40 mm.
  • the cassettes contains 94 lighting sticks.
  • the height of the stack (pile) about 90 mm.
  • the given measures are approximate.
  • the newly formed ember bed may be manipulated by a movable mechanism so that it partly is moved together into a cylinder-like stack and partly is moved vertically so that the upper surface of the bed of embers reaches contact with the underside of the cooking plate or cooking utensil.
  • the mini-stove conception has been used for pointing out that usually small areas are available and therefore the cassette technique joined with the simple and easily used mini-stove are intended to offer a suitable method for joining both household fire needs with contributions for better health, cleaner environment and less influence on climate.
  • the heat value of fir and birch 7270 and 9560 MJ/m 3 , respectively.
  • Wooden sticks have been able to be enclosed so that:
  • the wooden stick is tightly protected against humidity. x through drying of the sticks these can be given a moisture content practically close to 0% and be kept at this low level until the entire package (cassette), and then firstly its wrapping, is combusted and the wooden sticks thus have been exposed to the hot fire. The wooden sticks are thus in their dryness very inflammable during the lighting.
  • x By selecting a suitable sort of wood the combustion characteristics best suitable for an intended purpose may be obtained, x By help of electronic etc. control, monitoring, sorting away any deviations present or features such as knots (which may prolong the combustion time) or foreign objects can be eliminated.
  • Each wooden stick must be fixed in one position - in a cassette or other device in which it may exist - in an empirical manner - or in another manner that this energy is provided to the cooking utensil, water container, stove with its energy absorbing portion etc.
  • the fixing usually concerns a positioning and locking in a position which is in relation to another fuel unit, for example a wooden stick, and that the air thus has access to the wooden surfaces from all directions without hindrance in order for the combustion process to be as intensive as possible.
  • a balance is important so that the surfaces to receive the heat energy are arranged, calibrated, dimensioned to rapidly absorb the energy - since it otherwise is lost via the chimney pipe.
  • the packaging technology allows great possibilities for balancing between different variables, such as for example the number of wooden sticks in each compartment or defined fixture.
  • the flames will hit the compartments with the wooden sticks perpendicularly - that is transversely to the length direction of the sticks.
  • Cassettes laid in crosswise relation to each other provides the sticks laid crosswise to each other during the combustion, and this arrangement is for all types of fires an old and accepted rule of thumb of experienced camp fixers.
  • Layers of thin, narrow plane parallel wooden sticks are attached to a carrier path of for example paper/PE or PE/paper/PE - and so that a small distance exists between each stick.
  • the fixing is carried out so that this distance remains even after rolling the sticks and the formed compartments and interspaces or air channels.
  • a bobbin in the centre of the roll showing a quadratic cross-section the outer configuration of the roll also becomes square which is advantageous in relation to transportation. Before use the square shape may easily be changed into cylindrical by a few soft blows against the edges.
  • the roll which now holds a rounded circular periphery easily slides into a certain position, for example in the grate pipe of the C- stove in which a swift lighting of the roll may take place.
  • One advantage of the roll-cassette is that it in its axial direction is provided with a large number of channels intended to let through heated air through the inner of the roll. Quick combustion may thus be achieved.
  • One advantage with this embodiment is also that one piece may be torn from the roll-cassette wherein a fire starter is obtained with a quick lighting effect. It is evident from other places in this application that the single-use cassettes with their design and the C-stove with its special construction - has a functionally close relationship having a great impact on the benefits they are intended to have in the present area which is often mentioned in combination - health-environment-climate.
  • the raw material mainly is a biofuel with addition for a certain amount of fossil fuel existing in amongst others side paths from industrial manufacturing.
  • PE polyethylene
  • x that for producing, packing and packaging is used, amongst others, paper in combination with for example polyethylene (PE) - a clean and environmentally friendly fossil fuel.
  • PE polyethylene
  • x that three technical principles may be basic and guiding in the carrying out of the project: hybrid combustion, thin layer combustion and interval combustion.
  • the new technology comprises compacted storage and transportation to the user under optimal circumstances.
  • the present invention departs from a combustible, single-use, material assembly in the form of a cassette, adapted to be able to offer after ignition, in a non-compacted state, an initial combustion with a developed energy amount adapted for an initial primary lighting and a subsequent secondary combustion of the cassette, in order to let create a lighting of an adjacent combustible material, such as one or more of wood formed wooden pieces.
  • the cassette should consist of a combustible wrapping forming a number of compartments containing wooden pieces or other fuel and that in a position intended for storage the cassettes are put together into each other to form compact units and are then assigned the shape of parallelepipeds or squares.
  • the thin plastic film being part of the cassette should consist of polyethylene.
  • the cassette should be partly worked such that it is thus offered, in a non-compacted state of the cassette, possibility for air to pass and thus gain access to a developed fire hearth for a combustion increasing supply of oxygen. Furthermore it is indicated that the involved thin paper sheets and said plastic film should be completely or partly joined with each other via opposite surfaces.
  • said thin paper sheet and said plastic sheet is added one or more energy raising and/or combustion enhancing further substances, such as powder, paste or liquid, or alternatively that these could be contained within one or some of the compartments or separate spaces formed between said thin paper sheets and said thin plastic sheet by adjacent or opposite sections being provided with one or more seals.
  • the invention indicates the usage of packaging technology for joining the wooden sticks, after they have been sawed or split into smaller dimensions, in predetermined numbers and positions in the compartments which in turn have been given certain sizes and positions therefore within the cassettes.
  • the invention indicates the usage of packaging technology when using different types of wood for systematic positioning of the wooden sticks where their lighting ability and combustion characteristics may be utilised optimally within the cassettes.
  • the invention indicates that, thanks to the exact dimensioning and standardisation in function of the wooden sticks (the fuel) in the cassette and their positioning in compartments and the course of combustion which thus may be studied and be determined in closer detail - this technical system make possible computation with computer technology which may serve as a guide for the further improvement of the product and also adaptation to and integration with the cassette stove (C-stove) and also its development.
  • the invention indicates the usage of colour markings of the cassettes according to a certain system and with the purpose of simplifying purposeful handling and economy. Furthermore it is indicated that said further substances should be able to be fixed inside a space formed between said thin paper and plastic sheets, by adjacent and opposite sheet assigned surfaces being provided with one or more seals.
  • seals should be able to be longitudinally oriented for forming a tunnel or a tube of used paper sheets and used plastic sheets, alternatively longitudinally and transversally oriented for forming closed compartments.
  • the paper surfaces should be assigned an adapted thickness, flexural stiffness and/or springiness with sheet belonging paper fibres oriented or assigned an ability to elastically be able to straighten somewhat.
  • the thickness, flexural stiffness and/ or springiness of the paper sheets and coordinated plastic sheets are adapted to be able to support fire wood, resting onto said compartments.
  • the invention further indicates the usage of further substances adapted for a selected energy emission, directly adapted to a present area of application.
  • the invention further indicates the usage of a drying procedure before the hermetic enclosing of the wooden sticks in the wrapping whereby a low moisture content of the packaged fuel may be kept during transportation and storage of the cassettes to the fire occasion when the compartments are opened by combustion of the wrapping and thus the fuel (in this case wooden sticks) do not have time to absorb any moisture from the air.
  • the invention indicates the usage of treatment by heat, chemical, biological or other influences on the fuel before its packaging in order to prevent survival and spreading of for example insects and other small animals like bacteria, virus or other microorganisms.
  • the invention further offers that the thin plastic film should be composed of an environmentally friendly, energy rich, plastic material, forming carbon dioxide and water during combustion with free access to air.
  • the material content in and the structure for the paper sheet coordinated adapted together with the plastic film so as to give a selected balance between a structure- and stability rendering ability and an energy generating and power emitting ability during combustion.
  • a several steps effect assigned to the combustion should be adapted to be achieved by a more easily lighted layer or part, for example is brought to catch fire initially and that this in turn is adapted to set fire to a second layer or part for example the entire cassette with a larger energy content adapted to subsequently be combusted at a higher temperature.
  • the invention further indicates that the cassettes through compacting and coordination with each other lies as tightly stored so as to, by way of example, packaging, for example with aluminium foil, have the ability to withstand a fire coming from outside.
  • the invention further indicates that a number of said cassettes formed into compact units should be able to be coordinated as single units in a dispenser-construction.
  • said compact parallelepiped or cube should be surrounded by a unit formed by plastic, cardboard or paper. More specifically the cassettes are indicated to be built by coordinated paper sheets and plastic film and that these are assigned the same or substantially the same thickness.
  • the invention also indicates the possibility to let a cassette and a set of matches and a striking surface be packaged into one unit, alternatively that the cassette and a lighter may be packaged into one unit.
  • the cassette may contain several thin paper layers and additionally thin plastic film layers conditions are created for increasing the energy content and the power development in relation to only paper materials.
  • the cassette may be produced by a surplus material, gathered from a manufacturing industry for such products using a thin paper material and a thin plastic material.
  • the cassette and particulars in its construction x During all handling of wood the basic rule applies that the fuel must be dry. A guiding value for wood has been set at 10 % (1 kg. wood then contains 100 g water). Thanks to the good protection given by the wrapping of the cassette the dryness of the wood may be retained irrespective of outer conditions. As an extra moisture protection a polyethylene bag may be used or a shrinkage film method be used for in-line production,
  • a part of the wrapping forms a wall for pieces of firewood fixed at a certain distance from each other.
  • a second part of the wrapping runs over said pieces of firewood but down between the same and are sealed towards the bottom part of the wrapping.
  • punched holes are found for air passages and perforated weakenings for easy tearing off into smaller units.
  • the cassettes may, by lying parallel with each other, offer a saving in volume implying a final volume of about 55 % (compacted) while the activated cassettes resume their original volume 100%.
  • Additional heat energy may be inserted in the form of a zig-zag folded strip of paper + PE inside the space formed between the lighting sticks with the consequence that it may, after lighting, ignite the adjacent sticks at high temperature.
  • x Lighting sticks in predetermined and optimized size with respect to the circumstances are fixed inside compartments in a cassette in such a pattern that the hot air during combustion has free access and easily may pass the fuel surfaces and thus may give off its heat to them and that the lighting sticks during the course of combustion thanks to the fixing to each other cannot move but remain in their original position.
  • the thus formed beam work becomes sufficiently stable to keep the distances between the sticks until the end of the combustion process when the beam work collapses to a burnt through pile of embers.
  • the sticks are of similar size in a format sufficiently small in order for a simultaneous combustion of all sticks in the pile formed by the cassettes laid one upon the other may take place. In increasing their length the risk of reaching a point in which all sticks do not burn simultaneously is increased. The ends of the sticks are thus far from the centre of the fire or kernel of the embers and also, the radiation heat from more adjacent sticks is too small. This limit position has in the tests made been assumed to be 20 cm in length. A safety margin has then been made wherein an effective length has been set to 16 cm. Also the area measures of the lighting stick has in the test series been based on 10 x 10 mm giving a quick lighting and an intensive course of combustion and thus an early bed of embers.
  • the pile of cassettes during the lighting obtains the heat from a fire starter (for example a lighting strip) in an underlying grate pipe.
  • a fire starter for example a lighting strip
  • the heated air - and also flames - first reaches the lowermost cassette and subsequently thereafter the cassettes lying on top.
  • the lighting sticks has been provided with a saw cut about on their middle portions in order to weaken and prepare the wooden sticks on the instant in which it, glowingly - in the correct place - breaks in order to safely fall down in the grate pipe for mixing with other ember fragments for a more intensive transformation into pure embers in the fresh air stream passing the grate pipe.
  • a lighting ribbon has been attached about on the middle onto all lighting sticks close to the bridge remaining after the saw cut, with the task to, after lighting, (possibly from both ends) first burn a hole on the wrapping of the cassettes right in front of the bridges so that these should catch fire in the firs place.
  • a successive and optimal fall of the halves of the wooden sticks down into the grate pipe may be balanced through calibration of the thickness of the bridge in order to reach the best result.
  • the lighting ribbon mentioned above mainly consists of strongly combustible, environmentally friendly substances enveloped by a thin PE-layer.
  • the wooden stick In its simplest embodiment the wooden stick, having the shape of a straight rod with given dimensions and enveloped in a sealed wrapping after being dried to a low moisture content and packaged in the form of cassettes positioned close to each other into compact units for economical storage and transport, may for many purposes form the staple good as an environmentally friendly biofuel.
  • the wooden stick By giving the wooden stick special properties through simple operations in connection with the packaging process, such as sawing or milling cuts "in line", the wooden sticks as well as the cassettes has been given new properties with advantage of feeding and combustion in the C- stove.
  • Cassettes These have in a standard embodiment been provided with a number of compartments enclosing the wooden sticks and there between been provided with punch-outs and perforations in order to quicken the lighting and the combustion. It has thus been anticipated that a certain time must be assigned the lighting and the opening of the compartments in order for the flames to directly reach the exposed, dry surfaces of the wooden sticks.
  • Embodiment 7 has been conceived in order to shorten the open system and prolong the closed system.
  • the cassettes may thanks to the weakening of the wooden sticks at given positions be completely transported into the grate pipe by a light pressure downwards, wherein the wooden sticks either give way and are bended as long as the cut admits - until a predetermined (different effects depending on from which side the pressure is applied) angle - or is snapped at assigned places.
  • the deformation of the wooden sticks also affects the sealed wrappings so that these are stretched or ruptured.
  • the flames from underlying fire starters may then reach and alight the thus exposed and easily lighted wooden sticks and ruptured remains of the wrappings, contributing to a continued intensive fire-start so that a closing to a closed system may take place already after a total of about 30 seconds. It is important that the start is intensive already from the start without interruption and that the heat from the smoke gases may be used directly and without loss in order to reach and give off its heat energy to the encountered recipients - the cooking pan, the chamber with heat exchanger, container, space beneath the hood etc.
  • the cooled heated air continues to flow out through the chimney until the concentrated heat development in the grate pipe has led to a final and pure ember formation when the damper in the chimney may be closed to the benefit of the simultaneously opened air- regulator into the space under the hood.
  • the cassette as it has been described from different angles above is intended to constitute a device of wooden sticks especially adapted to serve for lighting fires in all contexts and also to keep an effective, environmentally friendly fire going at high combustion temperature. It is constituted by a sealed package in which the biofuel is protected against moisture so that the contents always may have lower moisture content than the surrounding air - and therefore has especially beneficial lighting properties and may catch fire even if it is damp on the outside. It is easily put in a pile so that the sticks may lie crosswise or perpendicularly relative each other giving an optimum combustion. It is space saving - important during transportation and storage.
  • the fuel content of the cassettes is calculated so that it should be easy to use, through colour markings, the exact amount necessary for an intended need - which may contribute to economy and better usage.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a lighting stick
  • Figure 2 shows an overview (a), a cross-section (b) and a side view (c) of a cassette (1) consisting of three materials, partly paper (2), partly plastic film (3) sealed towards each other, and a fuel material (6) inserted inside the compartment (5).
  • Figure 3 shows in cross- section a second embodiment of the cassette but consisting of two paper sheets (2) with two inserted plastic films (3).
  • Figure 4 shows in an overview a third embodiment of the cassette in which a+b perforations (7) are inserted and also holes (8) punched or U- shaped punches (9a) and perforations (9b) in the sealed surface between the compartments (10) and edge seals (11) sealing the open ends (12) of the cassette so that a sealed unit is achieved comprising hermetic compartments (5).
  • Figure 5a-f shows an overview of a cassette with a compartment (5) on which an opening line/ slot has been punched longitudinally along the wall, which is enclosed by a tearing ribbon (13) sealed towards the compartment around the slot.
  • the tearing ribbon has in one of its ends been folded 180 ° beyond the seal in order to run back to form a handle (13) for opening.
  • a tearing ribbon (13) has also been fixed on one side /longitudinal wall over a slot (14).
  • Figure 5a-f shows an overview, a cross-section and a side view of a cassette with nine compartments (5) each containing a folded paper strip
  • Figure 6 shows a cross-section of a cassette with 10 compartments (5) ach containing a wooden stick (16) with quadratic cross-section.
  • Figure 7 shows a cross- section of a cassette with 10 compartments each containing a wooden stick (16) with quadratic cross- section, into which a cassette of the same size and form has been inserted for compaction.
  • Figure 8 shows a cross-section of a cassette with five compartments (5) containing in total 12 wooden sticks of varying size and shape.
  • Figure 9 shows a cross-section of a cassette with three compartments (5) each containing 16 wooden sticks (16).
  • Figure 10 shows a cross-section of a cassette with three compartments (5) each comprising 16 wooden sticks (16) in which a cassette of the same size and shape has been inserted.
  • Figure 1 1 shows a cross-section of a cassette with ten compartments (5) in which the wrapping (17) has been inserted about half-way between the wooden sticks, wherein paper sheets and plastic film has been joined into bridges, which, through perforation (19) in the middle between and in parallel with the compartments (5), gives the possibility to compress the bridges so that the compartments lies tightly against each other for compaction.
  • Figure 12 shows a cross- section of a cassette with ten compartments according to the above but after compaction.
  • Figure 13 shows a cross-section of a cassette according to figure 11 but with five compartments (5).
  • Figure 14 shows a cross-section of a cassette according to figure 13 after compaction.
  • Figure 15 shows a cross-section of a cassette according to figures 11 and 13 but with 3 compartments (5) each comprising 16 wooden sticks
  • Figure 16 shows a cross-section of a cassette according to fig. 12 and 14 after compaction.
  • Figure 17 shows a cross-section of a cassette for five compartments (5) in which a lower wrapping of paper and plastic film has been joined with the sticks and an upper wrapping similarly of paper and plastic film in a corresponding way has been joined with the wooden sticks, wherein compartments formed by these and of the wrappings are sealed also along their edges through the joining together of the wrappings.
  • Spaces (20) formed between the compartments may be determined in volume by the distance of the wooded sticks from each other. The spaces may under some types of combustion processes be beneficial by the wooden sticks being fixed in a fixed position relative each other and that an air passage is offered first when the wrapping is consumed.
  • Figure 18 shows a cross-section of a cassette according to figure 17 in which a folded paper/ plastic film strip (20) has been inserted in the spaces (20) between the wooden sticks (16) with a combustion enhancing effect.
  • Figure 19a-c shows an overview, a cross-section and a side view of a cassette with 9 compartments (5) in which folded paper/plastic strips (21) been inserted and lighting devices (27) in two of the compartments, which through lighting ribbons (28) may be activated for lighting of the ribbons.
  • Figure 20 shows a perspective of four cassettes piled crosswise onto each other, in which the lowermost (a) comprises about ten compartments accommodating one wooden stick each, the one lying above (b) comprising five compartments each accommodating four wooden sticks, above this a cassette (c) comprising three compartments each accommodating 16 wooden sticks and on top a similar cassette (d).
  • Figure 21 shows an overview of two cassettes (1+1) after compaction in which the unit is surrounded by a hermetically sealed package
  • Figure 22 shows an overview of a cassette with ten compartments comprising in total ten wooden sticks (16)
  • a circle with centre (23) in the middle of the cassette and with the same diameter as the length of the wooden stick shows the circle surface (25) which is included first by the ember hearth and transformed into a bed of embers.
  • a secondary combustion takes place through radiation heat from the more central bed of embers.
  • Figure 23 shows a perspective view of a roll cassette (1) with a hole in the centre (2) in which the cassette, as described previously, consists of a wrapping (3) of paper/ PE-film enclosing wooden sticks in the form of thin ribs with compartments (6).
  • Figure 24 shows a section of the roll cassette, taken from its middle portion, from which the wrapping (3) and the position of the compartments (4) one after the other and surrounding small wooden ribs (5) is apparent.
  • Figure 25 shows a corresponding portion of the roll cassette taken from its outer portion with the wrapping (3) and the positioning of the compartments (6) surrounding the larger, peripherally positioned ribs (7).
  • Figure 26 shows a cross-section of the roll cassette with its centre hole (2) and the compartments (4) of the cassette surrounding the small, centrally positioned ribs (5) and the compartments (6) surrounding the peripherally positioned ribs (7), and the small air channels (8) formed by the centrally positioned structures of the wrappings as well as the larger air channels formed by the more peripherally positioned structures (9) of the wrappings.
  • Figure 27 shows a cross-section of a roll cassette in an embodiment similar to figure 26 but with a square cross-section-quadratic centre hole (2) as well as a nearly square circumference (10).
  • Figure 28 shows an overview (a), a cross-section (b) and a side view (c) of a cassette (1) with compartments (5) containing wooden sticks (4) on which saw cuts (29) have been made leaving a bridge (30) and a lighting ribbon (28) attached onto the front or back of the cassette.
  • Figure 29 shows an overview (a) of the cassette (1) with compartments (5) containing wooden sticks (4) in which saw or mill cuts (29) have been made so that the cassettes with the contained wooden sticks may be bent into a convex shape (b), alternatively a concave shape (d) so that the wrapping 17 is ruptured.
  • a bridge (30) has been broken with ruptured wrappings (32) as a result.
  • the one-usage cassette has been designated from the task it has been given - to purposefully and effectively function during combustion of mainly biofuel through high temperature combustion according to the three principles hybrid combustion, thin layer combustion, and interval combustion.
  • a special stove must be developed in order to meet the demands on an environmentally friendly combustion demanded for small scale combustion of fire wood.
  • the result is a coordinated modular system requiring large flexibility in the embodiments of the cassettes and the use of the advantages of the packaging technology.
  • the same is valid the design of the mini-stove (C-stove) in which a number of adaptations have been required and also have been possible to make into the special properties and possibilities of the cassettes.
  • C-stove mini-stove
  • the C-stove in cooperation with single-use cassettes represents a green technology offering interesting possibilities to attack even extensive brown clouds in an effective and environmentally friendly manner.
  • the C-stove is designed to function as a hearth amongst others for fuel cassettes especially developed therefore and for the best usage of the advantages that they offer.
  • the C-stove is easy to mount and dismount under primitive conditions- and relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the main purpose of the C-stove is to offer possibilities of effective combustion under forms satisfying the human need for warmth without health issues due to breathing of hazardous substances or other influences on environment or climate.
  • Embodiment 1 The lifting plate is in level with the top surface of the ember plate.
  • the bed of embers is moved together with four grate plates oppositely positioned in pairs and movable relative each other above the ember plate.
  • Embodiment 2 The grate plates are arranged as in embodiment 1 but the lifting plate has been lowered beneath the surface of the ember plate so that the top level of the ember cylinder is the same as the top surface of the ember plate.
  • Embodiment 3 The grate plates have been removed and replaced by modifications of the design of the cassettes so that they after transformation into embers fall down in the grate pipe beneath the ember plate.
  • Embodiment 4 By complementing with a mechanically adapted control technology an automatic lighting and combustion process can be triggered with a key press which is terminated by a receipt signal confirming that the ember cylinder is burnt out and that the stove may receive a new batch of fuel.
  • Embodiment 5 Special features and properties of the components party of the cassette and the C-stove, respectively, and being of interest for cooperation within the unit are disclosed. Description with reference numbers to the figures are explained by overview and different views.
  • Embodiment 6 Here, a mechanical control of the entire lighting and combustion process has been illustrated in closer detail, which consistently has been accomplished as an interval combustion.
  • the stove may be positioned on a flat table and on four feet but on uneven ground on 3 feet.
  • the foundation is built of for example round or square aluminium pipes.
  • the floor model is built in a similar manner but also have adjustable shelves in its lower section with space for, as examples, cassettes, cooking utensils and other kitchen tools. In all embodiments, as for other parts of the stove, assembling and mounting is easy and is fast to perform.
  • Ember plate A plate - for the sake of stability folded in its edges - is attached heat insulated into a frame constituting a distance protection against touching of the hot plate.
  • the plate is shaped as a centre plate forming the basis for the cassettes, for the grate mechanism, and thus associated mechanics for adjustment.
  • a raisable and lowerable rondel placed as a combination with four grate plates provided with partly resilient double walls - may be brought up against the bottom of the cooking utensil positioned above for direct bearing against it.
  • Said double walls are displaceable towards each other, one outer and one inner. In a certain position a number of holed are positioned so that they are right in front of each other, in another position they are displaced to block each other.
  • the movement upwards of the rondel may take place until the slightly resiliently tensioned rondel is braked by its bearing against the bottom of the cooking utensil - but is allowed to continue its movement upward successively as the embers gradually transforms into ash (requiring less volume). In the event of a refill of cassettes or a restart the procedure is repeated.
  • a round plate - here denoted rondel - is movably attached in a vertical shaft which is slightly displaceable (vertically).
  • the lower end of the shaft is attached to a lever through the movement of which the position of the shaft may be adjusted and locked at different heights.
  • a movable rod is attached, wherein in the upper end of which the rondel is attached together with a spring holding the rondel at a certain distance from said shaft.
  • the rondel lies in a resting position with its upper surface in the same plane as the upper surface of the iron plate.
  • the upper level of the bed of embers will reside above the upper surface of the rondel at a distance proportional to the volume of the embers.
  • the rondel is then carefully displaced upwards through movement of the lever simultaneously with the four grates which together with the rondel form a cylindrical mantle surrounding the bed of embers (the ember cylinder) the bottom surface of the cooking utensil is hit by the upper edges of the grate (possibly also the surrounding hot plate surrounding the cooking utensil).
  • the embodiment described relates to one example of utilisation of heat by direct transformation of heat from a bed of embers to the cooking utensil by the help of a cassette adapted for this purpose in conjunction with the stove with the devices making an optimization possible.
  • Iron stoves and kitchen stoves emit a beneficial and even heat, often thanks to heavy iron constructions in which the heat may be stored.
  • other methods may be used, for example by covering the hot plate (the hole) with a plate and placing for example stones on it for absorbing and storing heat.
  • Grate plates Said grates may be made of for example steel plate/ ceramics perforated with a certain hole pattern.
  • the grates are in this embodiment four and oriented in pairs relative each other so that they form a circle as seen from above. This circle is obtained by a surface of one of the grate pairs being positioned in parallel with each other and when being pushed together moves the embers together to form a pile of material shaped as a rectangle.
  • the grates being shaped half-moon concave they will meet each other with their peripheral sections and shape a circle, or a cylinder as a whole, wherein the pieces of embers forms an ember cylinder. The heat is thus concentrated to an area situated beneath the bottom of the cooking utensil and with its upper edge close to it.
  • the first heat when lighting substances including the cassette wrappings burns as well as the lighting sticks) and this heat rises in the first hand up to the bottom of the cooking utensil and the waste heat towards the sides preheats the water circuit as well as the hood.
  • the ember plate is constituted by a plate - which, for the sake of stability, has been folded in its edges and is attached heat insulated into a frame constituting a distance protection against touching of the hot plate.
  • the plate is shaped as a centre plate which, together with the foundation, forms a basis for the cassettes, to the grate mechanism with its four grate plates and mechanism for adjustment joined therewith.
  • a raisable and sinkable rondel is positioned, which in combination with the four grate plates or in close relation with these may be brought up against the bottom of the cooking utensil above for direct or almost bearing against it.
  • the grate plates are made of a high temperature resistant material, for example sheet metal, provided with holes in a certain pattern for passage of air.
  • a throttle plate is laid inside the holes for regulation of the air passage with which the air may be reduced by displacing the throttle-plate towards the corresponding hole on the grate plate.
  • the throttle plates may in one embodiment be shaped with a resilient function.
  • the function of and relation between the grate plates may be described by the numbers on a clock-face in the following way. The grate plate positioned closest to the user has position 6 on the clock-face, the grate plate furthest from the user has position 12, the grate plate to the left position 9 and the grate plate to the right position 3.
  • the grate plates are intended to cooperate in pairs.
  • Number 6 and 12 are each plane and formed with a width somewhat longer than the length of the cassettes and a height beyond the bed of embers.
  • the grate plates 9 and 3 are likewise opposite each other and work as a pair with a rounded or concave front surface so that they together form a hollow enclosing the cylinder shaped, brought together bed of embers.
  • the grate plates 9 and 3 have nearly the same height as the grate plates 6 and 12.
  • the grate plate 12 is in one embodiment firmly fixed in the underlying ember plate while other grate plates are displaceable towards each other in pairs.
  • Grate plate 6 can also be lowered outwardly as reckoned peripheral from the centre in order to make room for insertion of cassettes or other fuel.
  • the grate plates are mechanically joined with an adjustment lever which with one movement moves together - first the grate plates 6 towards 12 and then number 9 and 3 towards stop positions, wherein a hollow is formed denoted the ember chamber which is limited around the ember plates, at the foot by the lifting plate, and at the top is open for contact against the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • the top surface of the lifting plate (in embodiment B) is positioned right under the lower edge of the ember chamber in its bottom position with a stop blocking downward movement.
  • the lifting plate is with its shape arranged to slide against the insides of the grate plates with a small tolerance and with the ember pillar resting on its top side. If the ember chamber has been given the shape of a cylinder the lifting plate has been given the shape of a rondel.
  • the lifting plate has been given a square or rectangular shape.
  • the lifting plate is at its foot attached on a vertical shaft which is journalled in bearings so that the plate is displaced vertically in the ember chamber.
  • In the lower part of the shaft one end of a line is attached running over a roll positioned above to continue downwardly where in its other end a weight is attached.
  • Crosswise notches are formed in the shaft for locking the shaft/lifting plate in fixed positions.
  • the spring loaded catch may also be used in other positions along the shaft for locking towards other non-fixed positions.
  • the lifting plate When starting the fire the lifting plate according to the above should be with its upper surface in the same level as the ember plate.
  • the circle-round lifting plate When the grate plates has been brought together to an ember chamber with for example a circular bottom the circle-round lifting plate will be centred so that after loosening of the shaft the lifting plate, from being affected by the weight at the end of the line, may displace the ember cylinder upwardly until it hits the bottom of the cooking utensil with its top surface.
  • the ember is transformed into ash there is room made so that the lower surface of the ember cylinder will come closer to the bottom of the cooking utensil until all embers are burnt out.
  • the pressure towards the bottom of the cooking utensil from the ember surface is the same thanks to constantly being affected by the weight attached on the line.
  • a spring may be used instead of the weight, but the spring elasticity may then vary depending on its elongation.
  • the pressure against the bottom of the cooking utensil is adapted to factors such as type, quality and properties of the fuel, which cam affect the characteristics of the embers. If the pieces of embers are brittle and easily crushed a lower pressure may be justified.
  • a blockage may mean that the transformation into embers is delayed or stopped and instead formation to coal is ensued.
  • the size of the holes in the grate plates can in this relation be of significance as well as the positioning and distribution of the holes on the grate plates.
  • the excess heat may be taken care of by for example the cooking utensil being replaced by a plate covering the stove hole.
  • the ember chamber may be lowered to a somewhat lower level and be locked with the locking mechanism mentioned above for the shaft/lifting plate.
  • the heat energy then streaming towards the sides may be absorbed by the heat exchanger, which is for this purpose formed around, above and under the hot plate and which, with its circuits absorb the heat from the passing heated air.
  • the waste heat rising upwardly may heat the inside of the hood and be spread through the metal plate to the surfaces which on the outside are provided with shelves for shoes, items, cassettes etc. which are in need of drying or warming.
  • the heat oil consists of a pipe shaped unit adapted for the existing space, arranged as a serpentine with platforms to allow passage of the hot air past its spaces wherein it functions as a heat exchanger and transfers air heat into water heat.
  • the first section of the water circuit has a volumetric content of about 0.5 litres, section 2 1 litres, and section 3 also including the water container or tank 10 litres. In this way a substantial part of the hot air constituting the waste heat streaming out towards the sides from the bottom of the cooking utensil may be utilized.
  • the tank has one refilling- and one drawing tap.
  • the water system intends to make economy and rational usage of waste heat for heating water possible.
  • Air exchange In order to prevent health hazards during biocombustion in limited spaces the heat from the stove is to the best practice taken care of through rational air exchanged in order for the heat to stay inside but the emissions arising, in spite of the high combustion temperature, may be vented via the heat exchanger (water circuit) and a hood with a chimney.
  • the Hood An easily mountable hood consisting of two halves is provided with a stove pipe in a telescopic embodiment adjustable for a selected height.
  • the hood may be attached directly onto the stove-stand.
  • a ventilation pipe is connected to the chamber comprising the water circuit with a fork and vents so that the outgoing air either may pass out of the long stove pipe or rise upward and into the hood for passage out into the free air through a short, additional ventilation pipe. Alternatively, these passages may be closed off completely. During the lighting or a continuing combustion the smoke is brought out through the long stove pipe. When a completely burnt bed of embers has formed the dampers may be completely or partly shut in order to keep the heat or be regulated so that for example all heat pass the hood for drying of various placed or hanged items to take place.
  • a further developed embodiment of the invention with adaptation of cassettes to the cassette stove (C-stove) and as a consequence thereof a simplified construction for the lifting of the pillar of embers and bearing against the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • the bed of embers has been moved together by several grate plates in order to form the ember cylinder positioned on a lifting plate, the upper surface of which being in the same level as the upper surface of the ember plate.
  • the lifting plate has been lowered beneath the surface of the ember plate so that the upper level of the ember cylinder is the same as the upper surface of the ember plate.
  • a control sleeve is attached into the ember plate with an inner diameter easily allowing displacement against a grate plate existing therein, which in its top section is provided with holes and/or slot with a size preventing particles of ember larger than about 2 mm from passing but sufficiently large to allow good passage of air.
  • the holes are with this purpose made close to each other.
  • the grate sleeve is intended to contain the space for the bed of embers in its top section (ember pillar) and be limited at its foot by the lifting plate being movable upwardly.
  • ember pillar On its underside a shaft is attached which is spring loaded so that the lifting plate with may press the pillar of embers upwardly with a certain adjustable force to a position in which the top edge of the grate sleeve bear against the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • the movements of the grate sleeve are controlled by a lever by which a fork- like attachment into the lower section of the grate sleeve may continuously displace it between two end positions with an optional locking possibility between said end positions on one hand constituting the bottom position - with the top end of the grate sleeve in level with the ember plate, and on the other hand of the upper end position in which it bear against the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • the lifting plate is controlled in a similar way by the shaft attached to the underside of the lifting plate. The lifting plate with its shaft is journalled to allow vertical movement.
  • the lifting plate When moving the grate sleeve upwardly to the bottom of the cooking utensil the lifting plate follows, and a catch is released there, wherein the shaft with a spring force is pressed upwardly so that the pillar of embers with a slight pressure from below is fed upwardly towards the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • the volume decreases and the lifting plate slides further up in the grate sleeve until the embers are completely transformed into ash, wherein in a limiting position the lifting plate returns to its lower starting position by a mechanical adjustment.
  • the force needed for the movements and their control - are delivered by a unit consisting of a plate with springs attached made such that when loading the plate (about 50 kp for example by a short stepping onto the plate) kinetic energy may be stored and be used when needed for said needs.
  • a bowl shaped plate with a function as lifter of the bed of embers - herein below denoted ember bowl - is provided with punched holes and being positioned relative to the ember plate in a notch on its surface so that the upper peripheral edge of the ember bowl is in level with the upper surface of the ember plate.
  • the ember bowl is movably attached in order to be possible to move up towards the bottom of the cooking utensil and is adjustable in height by being connected with a manoeuver arm. At start the ember bowl is in its lower position. 2.
  • a fire starter (for example lighting strips for fast start) is put into the bottom of the ember bowl.
  • the ember bowl is raised towards the bottom of the cooking utensil with the lever and is locked in position.
  • the ember bowl When the bed of embers is cooled the ember bowl may be lowered and refilling with additional cassettes may take place for a new start.
  • the grate plates have been described as several cooperating vertical grates having as their function to move together the bed of embers to the shape described by the grate plates in the moved together position, for example circular or square pipe.
  • the grate plates are left out.
  • the cassettes have been adapted so that the glowing sticks or parts thereof falls down directly into the grate cylinder formed by a perforated pipe whose upper edge is in level with the upper surface of the hot plate. Normally this is valid for the majority of the embers but a part of it can end up outside the ember cylinder, and this requires manual work to correct. But thanks to the changed design of the cassettes this problem has received its special solution.
  • their compartments and contents wooden sticks
  • the small amount of ash formed at these high temperatures may be collected in ash boxes positioned in compartments - with a simple insertion or withdrawal, respectively, for simple sweeping and cleaning.
  • the C-stove may be used as a grill with a simple addition in the form of a grate provided with a steering edge with fitting to the inside of the periphery of the grate sleeve or outer edge wherein the grate is fixed in place.
  • the rising hot air from the burnt out, clean bed of embers may then first hit the object to be grilled and then deviate towards the sides, wherein the heat energy is uniformly emitted. Additional heat energy is added by portioning with a suitable number of cassettes, or with coal/briquettes.
  • It may consist of one or more springs cooperating to give way during compression and to be possible to lock at a certain point in the movement so that the spring cannot be triggered for return.
  • a mechanical sequence-movement system is prepared to perform movements in the correct sequence upon triggering of the spring so that after feeding the cassette in the stove the movement cycle may be repeated, until nearly burnt out embers.
  • the power and energy need to achieve said course of movement is small.
  • a unit with an upper plate is fixed towards the foundation which when walked upon is moved against the springs so that a compression of them takes place until the position in which the catch locks the movement. Only after the cassette is fed and a starting button is pressed the upstart and combustion is initiated.
  • Drying of the wooden sticks is effected with energy recovery from waste products such as sawdust, edge webs, protrusions end more.
  • the wooden stick may be positioned inside the compartments in one or more layers with several sticks abreast.
  • the compartments of the cassettes may be formed of flexible foil/ film which follows the shape of the contents or of stiff er cardboard or harder plastic material of the content needs mechanical protection.
  • the compartments of the cassettes may be provided with tearing ribbons so that the contents still are fixed in the compartments and so that after opening through tearing off of the tearing ribbon the air has free access for good oxygen supply during combustion.
  • Wooden stick which can be torn off. When need arises a compartment with contained wooden stick be torn off from the cassette in a position with punched perforations between the compartments. (Is used as fire starter)
  • the compartments have been assigned such a shape that there is good room for the compartments with contents and also so that there is room for secure seals holding for normal strains.
  • the cassettes have been adapted for a special application in the C-stove by a hole of about 4-5 mm being punched in its middle serving for centring for a wooden stick inserted therein or for a stick rolled into paper/ plastic film, wherein all cassettes regardless of dimensions and type are well centred when they are inserted into said hole.
  • the hole in the ember plate into which the grate sleeve is attached is adapted in diameter so that the wooden sticks - not even in the corners of the cassette after burning off of the wrapping - protrudes longer outside said diameter than that the sticks by their own weight falls down in the grate sleeve.
  • cassette standard Measurements during test firing with single- use cassettes have shown that cassettes with the same format, construction, wrappings and fuel content have a very good individual conformity between obtained amounts of energy. Hence it may be decided within quite tight limits before the starting of the fire which combination of cassettes which should be selected for a given purpose. It is clear that this leads to large savings, economically and environmentally.
  • a light and agile unit which may be assembled fast in the position of use outside or inside.
  • the lower section of the C-stove comprises the combustion unit.
  • the upper section comprises a plate for a folded in cooking utensil, hot air chamber with heat exchanger, water tank, ventilation hood with shunt air-regulators and drying shelves and chimney with damper.
  • This embodiment builds on the same principles as C-stove 5 but has been complemented with automatic control devices making a fire cycle possible with few manual operations.
  • a suitable starting level possibly cranked up by an attached line over a contrast roll
  • a number of eccentric discs displaceable through a turning motion for adjustment of the duration of the movement are attached two and two oppositely to each other, which affects levers which may then perform more necessary movements.
  • the size of the cassette is adapted to the combustion surface of the C-stove, amongst others so that the device for compaction of the bed of embers may be carried out in accordance with a programmed pattern for the best possible energy utilisation.
  • Devices with the purpose of pre-warming the cassettes by excess heat from the fire hearth for example shelves on the outside of the hood and adapted in size and shape for accommodating the cassettes for storage well in time before combustion. The lighting time of the fire is thus shortened.
  • the raising of the ember hearth towards the lower surface of the cooking pan is carried out seamlessly with the possibility of locking guided by a pre-selection of notches in a vertical scale.
  • the heat energy of the bed of embers may best be transferred to the cooking pan by closing the upper surface of the bed of ember towards a level tightly beneath the bottom of the cooking pan.
  • the bed of embers may be raised or lowered with the centrally positioned lifting plate above the bed of embers, which is movably attached through a simple movement of a lever - which gives a certain temperature control. This can also be achieved with simple mechanical automatic control.
  • the raising of the bed of embers towards the bottom of the cooking pan may also be carried out with initial adjustment according to a predetermined scale which has been possible to determine relatively exact based on the known energy contents of the cassettes and the volume of the bed of embers directly after combustion.
  • Single-use was conceived as a fixture for standardisation and quantification cassette in connection with measurements during the combustion process
  • a control sleeve (2) is attached in a hole (2), which in turn comprises a slightly displaceable grate pipe (23) which contains an upwardly moveable lifting plate (8) with a shaft (7) attached thereon which runs through two transversely oriented and mutually opposite displaceable ash-boxes (45), which seals tightly relative each other and against the shaft.
  • the grate pipe (23) may be moved upwardly or downwardly by a lever (35), and also the shaft in a manner previously described. Control notches or guides for the cassettes have been arranged in the ember plate to allow easy piling in exact position to each other and right above the grate pipe.
  • the lifting plate may be moved upwardly towards the cassettes wherein they catch fire after which the lifting plate may be lowered to the bottom position to offer room for the ember sticks. If a fire starter is needed, for example a lighting strip, it is fed down and then the cassette-pile is fed forwards.
  • the present invention proposes to make a fast lighting and transfer into embers possible to occur in the cassette stove by using a prefabricated unit assembled for optimal combustion of a mix of bio- and fossil fuel in the form of a cassette in different sizes and embodiments, provided with compartments completely or partly separated from each other and containing said fuels, wherein the heat energy in the stove is taken care of in a purposeful and efficient manner and with a minimisation of hazardous emissions.
  • This method is also intended to result in that necessary amounts of energy can be calculated from experience for a specific purpose through simple colour markings on the cassettes and the stove respectively.
  • both the cassettes and the cassette stove are constructed guided by the three preconditions: Hybrid combustion, thin layer combustion and interval combustion.
  • the method intends to decrease hazardous emissions during for example small scale combustion of fire wood so that a decrease of CO2-emissions as well as of coal particles in the atmosphere takes place - which can decrease damages on humans health, on environment and climate - by using a prefabricated unit assembled for optimal combustion of primarily biosubstances in the form of a cassette in different sizes and embodiments, provided with compartments completely or partly separated from each other with internal positioning and arranging in accordance with a simple and practical system, wherein a total effect may be achieved.
  • the method brings in the first instance that the fire- start is brought about with rapid temperature increase, as well as continued temperature increase takes place through successive lighting of cassettes lying cross-wise on top of each other.
  • the user has the possibility to put other fuel on the fire according to his own judgement (hopefully dry and suitable in other respects.)
  • This method and system intends to make the least possible impact on the habits of the people and their otherwise traditional way of making fire.
  • the stove as delivered almost in a plane state is mounted.
  • the stove may be placed on a table indoors.
  • the chimney pipe is inserted through a hole in the ceiling about 60 mm in diameter.
  • cassettes are selected depending on energy need and are piled cross-wise onto each other on the "ember plate" of the stove with the grate plates drawn out.
  • the selection of cassettes has been simplified by colour markings.
  • the fire is lighted.
  • the method is through its simplicity suitable for use when large efforts must be made to decrease or prevent continued damages on the ecological systems whose normal function may have been disturbed and must be returned to order.
  • the cassette, as a fuel carrying part, and the cassettes-stove, as a technically functional part, are together to be considered as a unit in which the cassette with its fixture build and ready to use serves to emit its preselected energy content to the for the purpose specially adapted cassette stove.
  • Both said parts of the unit, and also their function, are intimately depending on each other in construction and embodiment. A change of one part may require changes of the other. With this background it is thus correct that these two conceptions are considered as one unit.
  • a height adjustment of it takes place for example locking positions 1, 2 or 3, either raising the bed of embers or lowering the cooking plate with utensil, wherein the distance between the upper surface of the bed of embers or the upper circle shaped edges of the grate plates may be finely adjusted for desired heat transfer).
  • This way of controlling a transfer of hot air energy to a cooking plate or pan that the main part of the hot air rises towards the centred surface being right above the bed of embers and that the remaining part of the hot air follows the lower peripheral surface of the cooking utensil out towards its edge is also used in one embodiment in which the ember plates in their upper edges have been provided with small notches so that a certain percentage of the hot air always may take place even if the plates have been brought up towards the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • the zone about the pan has been laid in a coil in the form of a pipe drawn in a spiral in such a way that it forms a wall or mantle completely or partly around the cooking utensil so that the hot air may pass between the pipes and thus transfer heat to the pipe system.
  • a chimney has also been attached to the roof of the stove with the form of a pipe projecting up from the hood-like roof construction with a length which is adjustable through a telescopic method with locking heels for different intended lengths. This adjustability for a suitable draft may be motivated depending on different weather, air temperature.
  • the embodiment, form and size of the cassette are exactly adapted to the centring in the combustion position in the stove in which the cassette is to function.
  • the relationship that the cassette, as a single-use item, burns completely and thus the amount of embers generated for a certain dosage of cassettes may be anticipated quite exactly is an advantage for economization and aid as well during the performing of cooking as for performing an environmentally friendly combustion.
  • Cooking utensil with content in position on the cooking plate 1. Prepare a pile of selected single-use cassettes.
  • the C-stove may be equipped with simple control mechanics according to attached overview so that only the following routines need to be followed: 1-3 As above. Then the catch is released for a weight which through its weight extends a line onto which it is attached and exerts a pulling on mechanical components. See also figure.
  • the distribution of the ember heat may have taken place through pre- selection and automatic devices or during the course of combustion.
  • the simple automatic applied to control the combustion presupposes that each operation can build on accuracy concerning the energy content of the cassettes and other properties, and that the course over time is the same for the different existing conditions, such as outer temperature, air humidity, etc.
  • the aim is to minimize all energy losses and to optimise the efficiency in the system.
  • the method offers advantages in that it decreases or eliminates a number of elements of risk along the road (the handling) from saw to ash. For example the quality of the wood and practical degree of utilization can be strongly lowered from that the wood is sundried and stored correctly but is subjected to rain or snow during the continued transport/ storage and thus absorb moisture to the degree that the combustibility and thus the heat emissions strongly are diminished.
  • the method offers advantages when solving the problem associated with transport and storage of traditionally sawed and cut wood. This is normally delivered in different lengths and otherwise differing sizes which leads to an uneven combustion which affects the point of time at which a complete combustion before complete formation of embers. Since the bed of embers must wait for the complete combustion and transformation into ember of the last piece of wood before a damper on the smoke pipe may be closed large losses of energy normally arises. The risks for this to take place are reduced considerably thanks to that the sizes of the pieces of wood are standardized to certain measures which is the same within each cassette size. This is also a result of special operations in the manufacturing process in which all participating fuel materials are dried to a certain moisture content amounting to only about 5 % or lower.
  • the method is also intended to be used in another context - in large areas with large population in which combustion of damp bio fuels, such as cow dung, takes place and in which slow, low temperature- "smouldering combustion" often occurs.
  • the method now suggested makes a transfer to high temperature combustion under rational conditions possible. Instead of using cow dung as fuel and thus generates poisonous fumes and large amounts of coal particles and others causing heart and lung disease and the death of hundred of thousands of women and children each year the cow dung can be recovered in a natural and good way in plantations and gardens where it enriches the earth and thus a health vegetation and cleaner environment.
  • This method is developed in order to, with technical considerations taken to many factors party of the described manufacturing, transportation, storing, and consumption processes, also include that respect and considerations are taken to these populations' manners and customs, traditions, religion, bondage to cultural rites. In our humility of nature, different peoples' characteristics and variety our wish must be to keep this intact. But if this method is adapted in cooperation in word for what is good for health, clean environment and promotion for climate in conjunction with quickness of action, simple in presentation, with demonstration in a convincing way, well working pilot projects with introduction on different continents with the different conditions prevailing there...
  • the method is characterized in that despite the considerable investments that must be done for the new technology, in machinery, in system and production adaptation for different needs - an accomplishing could quickly gain results which can be verified through scientific measurements of the nature already done on "the Asian cloud” and which also can give beneficial effects, which in short as well as long-term can result in large savings for the medical service in the work for a cleaner environment and better climate.
  • the lighting sticks are the main energy source of the type of biofuel used today over large parts of the world during small scale combustion of fire wood. With the present invention it has been given its shape, dried and possibly been further treated and adapted for thin layer combustion. Instead of a log of fire wood with long combustion time there remains after sawing or cutting for example 48 wooden sticks, which, in order to fit with the system, been assigned a combustible compartment with room for 48 wooden sticks. The enclosure inside a wrapping has been made directly after the drying. Thanks to the fossil component polyethylene-film (PE) which has very good heat sealing properties both towards paper and PE, respectively, and also such barrier properties against humidity (and water) that the contents (for example the wooden sticks) are protected against the humidity of air they can keep their dryness for a long time.
  • PE fossil component polyethylene-film
  • the cassettes are present in different sized and with predetermined energy contents. This is important since household combustion should be possible to perform sparingly under scarce conditions. The user easily learns to judge how much fuel is necessary for a certain purpose. The most economical combustion normally takes place at high temperature. In order to best utilize the cassettes interval combustion may be preferable. More of this below. First, a short description of how a lighting is carried out.
  • a fire starter is laid on the lifting plate in the grate pipe and is lighted. Immediately a pile of cassettes with selected contents is moved on top of the centre of the grate pipe. The flames hit the cassettes and first their wrappings catch fire, which is spread to the wooden sticks with beginning in the centre of the pile where the highest temperature is reached. This course is fast and intensive due to that it has been possible to keep the wooden sticks practically moisture-free. Of the burning sticks the ones closest to the centre are first transformed into embers in a retained position until the sticks close to the centre breaks and falls down into the grate pipe placed below. Thereafter the other wooden sticks and fragments of embers successively fall down into the grate pipe in order to there be transformed into complete embers.
  • This open system in a lower section has functions as a traditional fire with free access to air with open exhaust of both heat and smoke gases and others towards an upper section positioned above prepared to form a closed system with the lower section.
  • the closed system is formed by the lifting plate with the ember cylinder positioned above together with the grate pipe being moved up towards the bottom of the cooking utensil, where the grate pipe comprising the ember cylinder with its upper edge is moved close to the partly perforated bottom of the chamber which partly or completely surrounds the cooking utensil.
  • the closed system has entered into function resulting in that all heat energy as well as smoke gases continues and are moved further in this system past the bottom of the cooking utensil and the chamber with the heat exchanger to air-regulators controlling the continuing passage of the smoke gases out through the stove pipe or via the hood for heating of rooms or through the ventilation hatch out through the "Chinese hat".
  • Wooden sticks The technology developed for make use of the energy from the wooden sticks puts demands on their quality and properties which are decisive for how well they will function in the cassettes and the C-stove respectively.
  • the finished cassettes are given a compact packing by putting the cassettes together against each other or through volume decreasing in other suggested manners and thereafter extra transport- and moisture protection, for example through enveloping in plastic film. Insertion in the C-stove
  • the program work is started with a press on a button.
  • the open combustion phase has been entered with the lighting. Heat and smoke gases rises towards the bottom of the cooking utensil and are from there moved further by the suction from the stove and chimney pipes.
  • the program work may via one of its rotating excentre curves and a lever move the grate sleeve with the lifting plate upwards. In that the upper edge of the grate sleeve reaches the lower surface of the chamber a spring is released around the shaft of the lifting plate so that the lifting plate presses the ember cylinder upwards towards the bottom of the cooking plate.
  • embers may be used under its optimal transformation into ash thanks to that the draft (fresh air) acts all the way down to the air intake in the bottom of the lifting plate. There are no corners or hiding places in which half combusted remains of embers may hide and give rise to hazardous smoke gases or emissions. In practice all transformation of embers should be into ash.
  • the program work ensures that the chimney air-regulator is closed and, simultaneously, the hood air-regulator is opened - a certain predetermined time after initiation of the closed phase. This can at the earliest take place when no hazardous substances (gases) remain in the stove smoke.
  • the system is open during feeding of possible fire starters or lighting strips and when feeding the cassettes. It is also open until all wooden sticks have been burnt off and all parts have fallen down into the ember sleeve. Only then the system may be closed by raising the grate sleeve with its burning and glowing contents to tightly lie close to the underside of the chamber. From the favourable supply of fresh air and thanks to the short break for feeding the cassettes the combustion and ember formation may continue under high temperature. The uptake of energy to the cooking utensil, chamber, heat exchanger pre-heats the system.
  • the air-regulator which has been open to the chimney may be closed and the air-regulator for ventilation, heating, drying, heating of the room may be opened.
  • the ventilation hatches allow a balancing of the outgoing air by distribution between different sections.
  • the advantage of interval combustion with this mainly closed system is that it has been possible to give the C-stove a low weight and relatively small dimensions, and despite this a high performance.
  • the c-stove is to be able to work cleanly inside - the ash formed is collected by built-in ash boxes, which easily may be emptied without soiling.
  • the formation of the ashes is also insignificant by the almost complete combustion taking place in the grate sleeve.
  • a strongly contributing reason for the high temperature in the hearth is the low moisture content for the wooden pieces by the sealed package - which is kept until the moment of opening, that is, the combustion of the wrapping by the fire, which is brought about with hybrid combustion.
  • the lighting strips also contribute with a corresponding intensifying effect during start-up - thin layer combustion is an active factor.
  • the open as well as the closed system has fulfilled its obligation.
  • the C-stove is how, the water is also hot, items are dry, new cassettes are on the outside of the hood for warming until the next lighting. It is time for grilling.
  • the grill is present in the form of a grill insertion.
  • the grill insert is slid down in the grate sleeve.
  • On its grating a layer of coal is laid.
  • the lighting strip is lighted and within 4-5 minutes the lighting strip is burnt out and the heat of the bed of coals is suitable for start of grilling in order to, after a total of about 8 minutes of grilling may continue at its best.
  • the bed of coals and the steak has been placed one on its own level, respectively, on a suitable distance from each other.
  • the grill insertion rests firmly inside the grate sleeve.
  • the draft of air from below is adjustable.
  • a cassette compartment containing 3x3 wooden sticks has an exposed surface which is 2.8 times as large as a corresponding log of fire wood
  • the compartment with 5x5 wooden sticks has an exposed surface which is 4.5 times as large as a corresponding log of fire wood.
  • the collected and beneficial effects of the hybrid combustion in combination with thin layer combustion benefit the interval combustion.
  • the temperature of the surroundings in the hearth is about 20 °C while during the high temperature combustion mentioned above the feeding of new cassettes during the open phase is carried out so quickly that the process is not substantially affected.
  • the air supply is controlled so that the feeding to the ember hearth is optimal at the same time as no excess of fresh air may cool the system.
  • the cassettes that merits that the C-stove can be controlled to the highest possible efficiency with a favourable yield from the fuel without resulting in hazardous emissions.
  • the cassettes have dimensional stability at a temperature up to 80-90 °C with the advantage that they may be heated (for example on the topside of the hood) up to this temperature while waiting for piling and feeding (gloves are used). This method favours the continuity in the course of combustion since the falling in the interval temperature curve is closer to planing despite the temporarily opened system.
  • the coordinated measures mentioned above are also supported by that the lighting sticks, before the packaging into cassettes, have been subjected to such a drying that the moisture content is brought down to about 5 - 1 % with the effect that the cassettes are even more inflammable at the time the burning wrappings are lighted and opened by the flames.
  • Lighting sticks have the shape of parallelepipeds. In one embodiment being the basis for the C-stove they have been given a format of 1x1x16 cm.
  • Cassettes have in one embodiment for the C-stove been given an outside measure of 20x20x1 cm as a parallelepiped - after compaction.
  • Ember pillar is the parallelepipedic collection of embers formed by the grate plates through compaction of the bed of embers and arranged right under the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • Lighting sticks may be given an exact size by for example sawing in mass production and the combustion characteristics of each stick are therefore standardized. Thanks to that the energy content is the same in each stick the bed of embers can be uniform and reach complete ember simultaneously.
  • Cassettes With the standardized fuel contents regarding their number of lighting sticks in the compartments a uniform combustion may take place in the entire cassette.
  • the outer dimensions of the cassettes are in turn dependent on the dimensions of the lighting sticks and thanks to this the cassettes may be given an even design, especially since the walls of the compartments are soft and flexible and support onto the exact lighting sticks.
  • Ember pillar The two or more grate plates positioned around the pile of cassettes for moving the bed of embers into an ember pillar after its combustion and collapse may advantageously form it to a parallelepiped the upper surface of which being positioned close to or directly against the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • the design with the parallelepiped makes a slight displacement of the ember pillar possible for closing or distancing it from the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • adjustable size on the air holes in the grate plates a possibility is achieved to supply the hot air from lower levels in the amount giving the vest effect during heating of the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • x as a heat source biofuel such as fire wood is mainly used.
  • a high temperature generating component a purely fossil fuel (PE) is included, which has been recovered amongst other as a waste product from packaging industry.
  • PE purely fossil fuel
  • cassette for the user it is an advantage that the cassette is easy to light and can be selected regarding size and contents depending on need.
  • Cassettes of a certain size are manufactured technically with exactly the same energy content and combustion characteristics until embers. Thanks to the barrier properties of the wrappings the low moisture content in the wood is kept until lighting.
  • the cassettes are colour marked so that by checking with colour markings on the stove a suitable combination of cassettes easily can be selected.
  • x through the specific construction of the cassettes and the composition of the wrapping the lighting sticks are fixed in the compartments and remain until the frame work formed by the cassettes collapses in a burnt out state and forms a pile of embers.
  • the pile of embers is moved together by said grate with a hand lever wherein a cylinder shaped bed of embers is formed. This may be raised towards the bottom of the cooking utensil to a desired level. The user can see and follow the course of combustion according to the settings and select desire heat withdrawal and distribution.
  • x For the different work operations part of traditional food cooking there is required space and good general view of the process of cooking, x Said lever for the moving together of the pile of embers with 4 grates into a cylindrical pile of embers is easily accessible and lockable in selectable positions. The same is valid for the lever regulating the height of the ember cylinder inside the grates.
  • the outside of the hood is provided with upwardly foldable shelves for positioning of items for drying - from for example cloth as laundry to cassettes which advantageously in this way can be heated to for example 50 °C or more before combustion.
  • the cassettes have a major importance as single-use fuel units to also serve, thanks to their construction, their original purpose - as fixture for making continuous tests possible for empirically determine the significance of changes in dimensions, proportions and other design of the lighting sticks, as well as improvements in the efficiency of the system, such as insertion of additional thin layers of paper or plastic, respectively, in different section, the formation of holes and perforations, positioning of tearing ribbons.
  • This type of investigations should with advantage be realizable with computer technology. This is also valid for adaptations and further coordination between the designs and technical details of the cassette stove,
  • the lighting sticks previously mentioned as embodiment examples in the format 1x1x16 cm can be given other sizes and proportions.
  • the coordination with other factors of importance for, by way of example, transportation and storage, can motivate adjustments.
  • the area of the lighting sticks can be made rectangular, which from a view point of combustion may have great impact in relation to air flow passage and lighting. In one embodiment example the area has been kept but the measures changed from 1x1x16 cm to 0.5x2x16 cm. The thinner layer the faster combustion. But this presupposes that the air flow passage in the column between the sticks is sufficient.
  • the cassettes can be compacted, that is, be inserted into each other in order to save space.
  • the system of cassettes is flexible and easily handled and gives advantages offered by an efficient utilization of the three principles - hybrid combustion, thin layer combustion and interval combustion. ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
  • the cassette offers choice.
  • EMBODIMENT 7 WITH METHOD FEEDING OF CASSETTES IN THE GRATE PIPE BEFORE LIGHTING AND THEREIN CLOSED SYSTEM DURING THE ENTIRE COURSE OF COMBUSTION
  • C-stove Feeding cassettes Elimination
  • the cassettes weakened on selected containing wooden of the open positions through saw or mill cuts can sticks, weakened on system. be fed one by one or several at the time selected positions by which takes place quickly and with a a saw or milling cut simple hand operation so that they - so that they may after at least partly coming off from easily be broken.
  • the their surrounding wrappings which feeding of the have been damaged and opened - are cassettes may be exposed bare for the fire starting flames carried out with thin coming from below. Thanks to that the protective gloves.
  • grate pipe may immediately be brought up against the bottom of the cooking utensil and the underside of the chamber insignificant heat is lost by the closed system entering its function. The draft from the chimney contributes via the tight connection to an intensive combustion.
  • a new set of cassettes may be fed as previously wherein the first grate pipe with the lifting plate are lowered to their respective lower positions, the feeding of the cassettes is carried out - preferably with remaining remnant ember serving as the fire start.
  • the fresh, clean air is a natural asset which must be protected and preserved.
  • fresh air is wasted which is unnecessarily polluted.
  • the objective must be that only the quantity of air consumed for completely combusting a certain amount of fuel should be used. This presupposes a high combustion temperature with concentration of the fire hearth within a relatively small volume.
  • a stove should be lightweight in its construction in order not to contain heavy parts demanding some energy to be heated.
  • the specially adapted cassettes are positioned right above the grate pipe in order to be pressed down therein with a soft hand pressure, wherein the cassettes give way and the wrappings break so that the compartments are opened and the dry wooden sticks are exposed.
  • the open phase may be changed into a closed system by the ember hearth being lifted up towards the bottom of the cooking utensil simultaneously as the upper edge of the grate pipe surrounding the ember heart connects with an air chamber surrounding the cooking utensil and thus a communication to the stove pipe is opened.
  • the air intake has been confined to a relatively small surface wherein the fresh air is directed straight upwards and through the fire hearth. Thanks to the 3.6 times larger surface of the wooden sticks as compared with ordinary fire wood the incoming air may be used better and the transformation process of wood into ember can be quickened at highest possible temperature. In this way it is avoided that fresh air passes which cannot be correctly utilised.
  • the grate pipe with the underlying lifting plate is adapted so that an optimal amount of fresh air should be able to pass. If the space around the fire hearth is too large inefficient fresh air may pass along the sides, not having a combustion elevating effect, it both cools the fire hearth and risks to cause harmful emissions.
  • the original technical function of the cassettes would be to simplify the calculations and analyses during special combustion processes. It can be assumed that there is much to learn about air and fuel intake and optimised adaption in connection with small scale combustion of fire wood of all categories since this function can be an asset.
  • the C-stove may summarily be described as a small unit which is not electricity dependent and thus may be set up to do service in any location. It is specially intended to take care of the environmentally friendly combustion process by itself without any considerable efforts from the small-scale fireman.
  • the advantages are amongst others that the start is simple.
  • a lighting strip is placed in the grate pipe.
  • Some one-time cassettes are piled on each other and are laid right above the grate pipe and pressed down into it with a soft hand pressure. Through previously arranged point-wise weakenings in the lighting sticks they give way and thus the wrappings protecting the fuel from moisture breaks. About 10 seconds from lighting the grate pipe may be raised towards the bottom of the cooking utensil and the underside of the chamber.
  • FIG. 30a shows a side view of the foundation (101) of the C-stove with an ember plate (102) resting thereon.
  • Four grate plates are mounted on the ember plate, one of which (103) is firmly fixed to the ember plate and the other three (104) are movable in relation to it.
  • a hole (106) in the ember plate - a vertically movable shaft (107) is inserted, the upper end of which, called the lifting plate (108), is freely displaceable in the cylindrical space formed by the grate plates.
  • the shaft is lockable in different height positions by a lever (101) and is also provided with a resilient mechanism (110) for the lifting plate to lightly bear against a bottom (111) of a cooking utensil positioned above via the ember cylinder.
  • a hot plate (112) is fixedly connected with the stand via an attachment angle (113).
  • a hole (116) in the hot plate a cooking utensil (114) is placed.
  • a circular chamber (115) is attached completely or partly around the cooking utensil. In this chamber as well as in underlying sections of the hot plate holes or slots are opened, as well as through the bottom of the chamber as through the hot plate, offering passage for hot air streaming towards the sides from the bottom (111) of he cooking utensil.
  • a heat exchanger (118) is attached in the form of a water circuit so that its surfaces can be enclosed by the passing hot air.
  • the somewhat cooled hot air is either led out through the stove pipe (127), or if pure embers is present by adjusting air- regulators, to the space further up under the hood (128) where ceiling air- regulators (129) either can be shut for keeping the heat for, by way of example, heating the room or for drying of items (120) on the outside of the hood, or opened to let out possible excess heat.
  • the lower section (119) of the stove comprising the combustion unit been designed with a fixed connection with the stand while instead the upper section (122) has been designed movable in relation to the foundation.
  • Figure 30b In side figure (b) the formation of a space by the brought together grate plates for the ember cylinder (105) which is raised to highest position against the bottom (111) of the cooking utensil by the lifting plate.
  • the stand is formed by a light and supporting construction on which a lower and an upper sections are attached according to the below.
  • the lower section (119) is formed by an ember plate (112) with a centrally positioned hole (106) in which a control sleeve (120) is attached, and in this a movable, perforated grate sleeve (123) is situated, accommodating an upwardly movable, perforated lifting plate (108) positioned therein, which, just as the grate sleeve, is provided with devices (109) for adjusting and locking in certain position of the vertical movements.
  • a spring (110) is slipped onto a shaft (107) which is attached on the underside of the lifting plate (108).
  • the spring has as its function to press the lifting plate upwardly towards the bottom of the cooking utensil so that the ember cylinder (105) lightly bear against it during the transformation of the embers into ash and thus the lower surface (121) of the ember cylinder is moved upwards until it reaches close to the bottom of the cooking utensil and against the lower surface of the chamber (115) - when the pressing force of the spring has ceased - and mostly ash remains of the embers.
  • the upper section (122) of the stove is void of movable parts (apart from dampers and air- regulators) and consists of a hot plate (112) with a centrally positioned hole in which the lower part of the cooking utensil (114) is lowered.
  • a circle shaped chamber (115) is situated through which the hot air passes which streams out of the ember cylinder past the bottom of the cooking utensil.
  • the chamber contains a heat exchanger (118) in the form of a certain pattern shaped pipe or surface increasing structures for transfer of the heat energy of the air to the water circuit.
  • the chamber and heat exchanger are easily detachable via instantaneous couplings (126) and snap-on fasteners (133) for cleaning.
  • the grate pipe (123) may be brought upwards so that its upper edge touches the lower surface of the chamber (115) and thus is in tight communication with the chamber which on one side of its circumference contains a heat exchanger (118) with circuits leading to and from a water tank (124) and on the other side a smaller heat exchanger (125) which is part of a hot water system with a filling tap (141) and a drawing tap (142), respectively, and with a safety valve (143).
  • the chamber is inserted into a distribution pipe (137) with a sleeve coupling
  • a ventilation pipe leads from the upper section of the hood to a ceiling air-regulator (129).
  • an ash-box (132) is inserted beneath the lifting plate (118) and an ash-box (144) is situated beneath the distribution pipe (139) behind the chamber for simple emptying by withdrawal.
  • Figure 34 shows a cross-section of six grate pipes (123) with inside lying lifting plates (108) and three cassettes (145) which are placed onto the upper section (145) of the grate pipe. Brought down in the grate pipe in the form of convex structures (151) they have been partly broken into loose fragments (152) simultaneously with broken wrappings (153) from the compartments of the cassettes.

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Abstract

L’invention concerne un assemblage de matériaux inflammables à usage unique conçu pour simplifier l’allumage d’un feu. L’assemblage comprend au moins une feuille supérieure et au moins une feuille inférieure. L’assemblage de matériaux comprend au moins une feuille de papier et au moins une feuille de plastique, et est caractérisé en ce que les feuilles inférieure et supérieure sont assemblées face à face, des morceaux de bois étant agencés entre elles.
PCT/SE2010/050878 2009-08-05 2010-08-05 Cassette à usage unique, poêle à cassette pour combustion à petite échelle de bois de chauffage WO2011016774A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/388,939 US20120124900A1 (en) 2009-08-05 2010-08-05 Single-Use Cassette and Cassette-Stove and a Method Therewith for Small Scale Combustion of Fire Wood
EP10806715.8A EP2491099A4 (fr) 2009-08-05 2010-08-05 Cassette à usage unique, poêle à cassette pour combustion à petite échelle de bois de chauffage

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SE0901065 2009-08-05
SE0901065-3 2009-08-05

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WO2019103719A1 (fr) * 2017-11-24 2019-05-31 Dovgalyuk Svyatoslav Vasyliyovych Allume-feu pour combustible solide
US20190360699A1 (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 Parker Eugene Holterman Fire Starting Apparatus

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EP2491099A1 (fr) 2012-08-29
EP2491099A4 (fr) 2013-08-07

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