WO2011011933A1 - 一种实现网络拓扑发现的方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种实现网络拓扑发现的方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011011933A1
WO2011011933A1 PCT/CN2009/073895 CN2009073895W WO2011011933A1 WO 2011011933 A1 WO2011011933 A1 WO 2011011933A1 CN 2009073895 W CN2009073895 W CN 2009073895W WO 2011011933 A1 WO2011011933 A1 WO 2011011933A1
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Prior art keywords
dhcp
option
intermediate device
client
information
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PCT/CN2009/073895
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田静
朱起辉
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority to US13/259,642 priority Critical patent/US20120110146A1/en
Priority to EP09847719.3A priority patent/EP2451125B1/en
Publication of WO2011011933A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011011933A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02Topology update or discovery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/50Address allocation
    • H04L61/5007Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/5014Internet protocol [IP] addresses using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication and network management, and in particular, to a method and system for implementing network topology discovery in network management.
  • Network topology The main purpose of discovery is to obtain and maintain the information about the existence of network nodes and the connection relationship between them, and draw the entire network topology on this basis. Based on the network topology, network managers can quickly locate network faulty nodes.
  • the network topology discovery method based on Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), which is a network layer topology discovery;
  • SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
  • the network topology discovery method of the protocol which is a link layer topology discovery;
  • a network topology discovery method based on a routing protocol which is a routing layer topology discovery.
  • the principle of network layer topology discovery is to combine the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and SNMP to check the active devices of the designated network to obtain all active devices. Then, the basic information of the device is obtained through SNMP, the type of the device is determined according to the basic information, and the detailed information of the corresponding device is obtained according to the type of the device.
  • ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
  • ARP Address Resolution Protocol
  • link layer topology discovery is based on the switch Cisco (Cisco Systems is the provider of enterprise network products) Discovery Protocol (CDP, Cisco Discovery Protocol) neighbor table, port index (iflndex) and port correspondence table, self-learning table Determine the connection relationship of each switch.
  • Cisco Cisco Systems is the provider of enterprise network products
  • Discovery Protocol CDP, Cisco Discovery Protocol
  • port index iflndex
  • port correspondence table self-learning table Determine the connection relationship of each switch.
  • the topology discovery principle of the routing layer is to trace all the device nodes of the Trace Route, and the routing topology relationship of the related devices can be obtained according to the returned routing path.
  • DHCP Dynamic Host Allocation Protocol
  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol The server allocates IP addresses to various clients in the LAN to provide network services for them.
  • the above three methods need to be equipped with a special system for network topology discovery.
  • the solution is relatively complicated. And the targeting is not strong, which will result in the system's performance and price ratio is extremely low.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for implementing network topology discovery, which can specifically perform network topology discovery for an application scenario in which a DHCP server provides services for a client.
  • the present invention provides a method for implementing network topology discovery, which involves a host allocation protocol DHCP client, a plurality of intermediate devices, and a DHCP server, and the method includes:
  • the intermediate device When receiving the packet in the DHCP message request sent by the DHCP client, the intermediate device records the address information of the device in the DHCP option added to the packet.
  • the DHCP server When receiving the packet, the DHCP server stores the IP address of the DHCP client and the information in the physical address and DHCP option of the DHCP client carried in the packet.
  • the intermediate device sequentially records the address information of the device in the DHCP option added to the packet, including:
  • the first intermediate device When the message passes through the first intermediate device, the first intermediate device adds a DHCP option to the message, and records the device connected to the DHCP client in addition to the first sub-option of the DHCP option.
  • the port information, and the physical address of the device are recorded in the second sub-option of the DHCP option, and the IP address of the device is also recorded in the fifth sub-option of the DHCP option;
  • the intermediate device receiving the message sequentially records the IP address of the device in the fifth sub-option of the DHCP option of the message.
  • the method further includes:
  • the DHCP server determines and saves the location information of the DHCP client according to the physical address of the DHCP client and the information in the DHCP option, and determines and saves multiple intermediate devices between the DHCP client and the DHCP server according to the information in the DHCP option and the intermediate devices. Connection relationship. Further, the method further includes:
  • the DHCP server draws a detailed network topology based on the saved location information of the DHCP client and the intermediate device and its connection relationship.
  • the method further includes:
  • the DHCP server sends the location information of the DHCP client and the connection relationship between the intermediate device and the intermediate device to the topology resolution system, and the topology resolution system draws a detailed network topology.
  • the method further includes a topology resolution system, and the DHCP server involved includes multiple; the method further includes:
  • the DHCP server sends the location information of the DHCP client and the intermediate device and the connection relationship to the topology resolution system.
  • the topology resolution system draws a detailed network topology map according to the location information of the DHCP client and the intermediate device and the connection relationship thereof.
  • the method further relates to a topology parsing system, the method further comprising:
  • the DHCP server sends the physical address of the DHCP client and the information in the DHCP option to the topology resolution system.
  • the topology parsing system determines the location information of the DHCP client according to the physical address of the DHCP client and the information in the DHCP option, and determines and saves multiple intermediate devices between the DHCP client and the DHCP server according to the information in the DHCP option.
  • the connection relationship of the intermediate device and drawing a detailed network topology according to the saved location information of the DHCP client and the intermediate device and its connection relationship.
  • the DHCP server involved includes multiple, and the method further includes:
  • the topology parsing system draws a detailed network topology map based on the location information of the DHCP client and the intermediate device and its connection relationship determined and saved according to the DHCP client physical address sent by the multiple DHCP servers and the information in the DHCP option.
  • the present invention provides a system for implementing network topology discovery, which includes a host allocation protocol DHCP client, a plurality of intermediate devices, and a DHCP server, which are sequentially connected, wherein:
  • the DHCP client is configured to initiate a DHCP message request when the network service needs to be obtained.
  • the intermediate device is configured to record the address information of the device in the report when receiving the message in the DHCP message request.
  • DHCP option In the DHCP option;
  • the DHCP server is configured to: when the IP address is allocated to the DHCP client, the physical address of the DHCP client and the information in the DHCP option carried in the packet are saved.
  • the intermediate device includes a first intermediate device and subsequent other intermediate devices; the first intermediate device is configured to add a DHCP option to the received message and record in the first sub-option of the DHCP option
  • the port information of the device connected to the DHCP client, the physical address of the device is recorded in the second sub-option of the DHCP option; the IP address of the device is recorded in the fifth sub-option of the DHCP option;
  • the DHCP server is further configured to determine and save the location information of the DHCP client according to the physical address of the DHCP client and the information in the DHCP option, and determine and save the multiple between the DHCP client and the DHCP server according to the information in the DHCP option.
  • Intermediate devices and the connection relationships of these intermediate devices are further configured to determine and save the location information of the DHCP client according to the physical address of the DHCP client and the information in the DHCP option, and determine and save the multiple between the DHCP client and the DHCP server according to the information in the DHCP option.
  • the DHCP server is further configured to draw a detailed network topology according to the location information of the DHCP client and the intermediate device and its connection relationship.
  • system further includes a topology resolution system, and the DHCP server involved includes multiple;
  • the DHCP server sends the location information of the DHCP client and the intermediate device and the connection relationship to the topology resolution system.
  • the topology parsing system draws a detailed network topology map based on the location information of the DHCP client and the intermediate device and its connection relationship determined and saved according to the DHCP client physical address sent by the multiple DHCP servers and the information in the HCP option.
  • the method and system for realizing network topology discovery provided by the present invention are
  • the DHCP server obtains the Option 82 information carried in the DHCP message and obtains the location information of the client and the connection relationship between the network nodes through the topology analysis of the packet and the Option 82 information.
  • This draws a detailed network topology map to achieve the purpose of network topology discovery.
  • the invention is simple to implement, does not need to add additional equipment, and can be conveniently implemented by using only the sub-options in the original DHCP Option 82, so it is very suitable for network topology discovery of the local area network, and has high system cost performance.
  • the present invention provides a convenient, fast and accurate fault location tool for network management.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of a system for implementing network topology discovery according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the change of the information of the DHCP packet in the intermediate device Option 82 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the topology analysis system in the method embodiment of the present invention for obtaining the network topology through the Option 82 information.
  • the invention concept is that, when the client sends a DHCP message request to the DHCP server, the DHCP option carried by the packet is used to pass the client and the message through each device. The address information is recorded.
  • the network topology analysis will obtain the location information of the client and the connection relationship between the network nodes, and draw a detailed network topology map to realize the network topology. Find.
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of an embodiment of a system for implementing network topology discovery provided by the present invention, the system comprising a plurality of clients, a plurality of intermediate devices (device A, devices B, ...) and one or more DHCP
  • the server (only one is shown in Figure 1) and one topology resolution system; one or more intermediate devices (such as switches, routers, etc.) are connected between each client and the DHCP server;
  • the client is configured to send a DHCP message request to the DHCP server when the network service needs to be obtained;
  • the intermediate device is configured to add and/or fill in the DHCP option (Option 82) information in the packet, and record the address information of the device in the DHCP option, as shown in FIG. 3;
  • the device A adds Option 82 information to the packet, including the following sub-options:
  • Sub-option 1 Proxy circuit ID, including the vlan ID, slot number, and port number of the switch port connected to the client;
  • Sub-option 2 Proxy remote ID, which contains the physical address of the device A;
  • This physical address is used to uniquely determine the location of device A.
  • Sub-option 5 Link selection, including the IP address of the device A.
  • the DHCP message is sequentially passed through the second intermediate device (device B), ... the nth intermediate device (device ⁇ ), and respectively, by the device B, the device n fills the IP address into the sub-option 5 in turn.
  • the DHCP server is configured to allocate an address for the client that sends the packet request, and save the physical address of the client and the option information carried in the packet, and send the connection to the connected device.
  • a parsing system configured to determine the location information of the client according to the physical address of the client and the option information, determine the intermediate device between the client and the DHCP server according to the option information, and the connection relationship between the intermediate devices, and the client
  • the location information and the intermediate device and their connection relationship are stored in the database.
  • a detailed network topology map is drawn according to the location information of the client recorded in the database and the intermediate device and its connection relationship.
  • the topology resolution system is based on the client physical address and sub-options 1 in the option information. And determining the location information of the client by using the IP address of the first intermediate device of the sub-option 5, and recording the information to the database; determining the intermediate device through which the DHCP message passes according to the IP address of all the devices included in the sub-option 5 The connection relationship between these intermediate devices is recorded in the database. By accumulating the information in the DHCP message of the client, the location information of the client in the database and the devices related to the client and their connection relationships are continuously enriched, thereby drawing out Detailed network topology.
  • the function of parsing the physical address and the option information of the client may be implemented by configuring a topology parsing module in the DHCP server, that is, the topology parsing module is based on the DHCP packet stored in the DHCP server.
  • the physical address and option information of the client corresponding to the text are used to determine the location information of the client, and the intermediate device between the client and the DHCP server and the connection relationship between the intermediate devices are determined according to the option information, and the network topology is drawn accordingly.
  • the above topology parsing system can collect and analyze the network topology diagrams drawn in all the DHCP servers connected thereto, and finally draw a larger and more complete network topology map.
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart showing a corresponding method embodiment of the above system embodiment for the present invention, including the following steps:
  • the DHCP client initiates a DHCP message request.
  • the client When the client needs to obtain the network service, the client sends a DHCP packet request to the DHCP server.
  • the message passes through the first intermediate device, and the device adds and fills in the DHCP option (Option82) information;
  • the proxy circuit ID of sub-option 1 contains the vlan ID of the switch port connected to the client. , slot number and port number, etc.; proxy remote ID of sub-option 2, including the physical address of the device A; link selection of sub-option 5, including the IP address of the device A.
  • the device modifies Option 82 information; the message is transmitted by device A to the next device B, and sub-option 5 of device B in Option 82 The IP address of the device is filled in.
  • the DHCP message is sequentially passed through the third intermediate device and the n intermediate devices (device n), and the IP addresses of the devices are sequentially filled into the sub-options 5 by the devices.
  • the packet arrives at the DHCP server, and the client allocates an address, and saves the physical address of the client and the option information carried in the packet, and forwards the data to the topology resolution system, and ends the process.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the process of obtaining a network topology by using the option (Option 82) information in the topology analysis system of the method embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps:
  • 310 Obtain client location information according to the client physical address and option information and save; according to the client physical address and sub-option 1, sub-option 2 in the option information, and the IP address of the first intermediate device of sub-option 5 The location information of the client is saved.
  • the intermediate devices through which the message passes and the connection relationship between the intermediate devices are determined and saved according to the IP addresses of all devices included in sub-option 5.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 are separated, and the DHCP server obtains the packet and the Option 82 information therein, and the topology parsing system learns the network topology through the Option 82 information.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 can also be combined, and the DHCP server obtains the packet and the Option 82 information therein, and obtains the client location information and the intermediate device related to the client according to the client address information and the Option 82 information. Its connection relationship, thus drawing a network topology.
  • the method and system for implementing the network topology discovery provided by the present invention are the option information carried in the DHCP message during the process of sending a DHCP message request to the DHCP server by the client, and the message and the option are adopted.
  • the information topology is parsed to obtain the location information of the client and the connection relationship between the network nodes, thereby drawing a detailed network topology map, thereby achieving the purpose of network topology discovery.
  • the invention is simple to implement, does not need to add additional equipment, and can be conveniently implemented only by using the sub-option 5 in the original DHCP Option 82, so it is very suitable for network topology discovery of a local area network, and has high system cost performance.
  • the invention provides a convenient, fast and accurate fault location tool for network management. It should be understood that equivalent changes or substitutions may be made in accordance with the technical idea of the present invention, and all such changes or alternatives that do not require additional creative work should be protected by the appended claims. range.
  • the DHCP server obtains the Option 82 information carried in the DHCP message and obtains the location information of the client and the connection relationship between the network nodes through the topology analysis of the packet and the Option 82 information.
  • This draws a detailed network topology map to achieve the purpose of network topology discovery.
  • the invention is simple to implement, does not need to add additional equipment, and can be conveniently implemented by using only the sub-options in the original DHCP Option 82, so it is very suitable for network topology discovery of the local area network, and has high system cost performance.
  • the present invention provides a convenient, fast and accurate fault location tool for network management.

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Description

一种实现网络拓朴发现的方法及系统
技术领域
本发明涉及通信及网络管理领域, 尤其涉及网络管理中实现网络拓朴发 现的方法及系统。
背景技术
随着信息时代的到来, 人们对计算机网络的依赖使得计算机网络本身运 行的可靠性变得至关重要, 因此对网络管理也就有了更高的要求。 网络拓朴 发现的主要目的是获取和维护网络节点的存在信息和它们之间的连接关系的 信息, 并在此基础上绘制出整个网络拓朴图。 在网络拓朴图的基础上, 网络 管理人员便可对网络故障节点进行快速定位。
网络拓朴自动发现的方法很多, 但归结起来主要有以下三种: 基于简单 网络管理协议( SNMP, Simple Network Management Protocol ) 的网络拓朴发 现方法, 它是一种网络层拓朴发现; 基于通用协议的网络拓朴发现方法, 它 是链路层拓朴发现; 基于路由协议的网络拓朴发现方法, 它是路由层拓朴发 现。
网络层拓朴发现的原理是结合互联网控制消息协议 (ICMP , Internet Control Message Protocol )和地址解析协议 ( ARP, Address Resolution Protocol ) 以及 SNMP, 对指定的网络进行活动设备的检查, 得到所有的活动设备, 然 后通过 SNMP取得设备的基本信息, 根据基本信息确定设备的类型, 再根据 设备的类型取得相应设备的详细信息。
链路层拓朴发现的原理是根据交换机的 Cisco ( Cisco系统公司是企业网 络产品的供应商)发现协议(CDP, Cisco Discovery Protocol )邻居表、 端口 索引 (iflndex )和端口对应表、 自学习表判断出各交换机的连接关系。
路由层的拓朴发现原理是追踪(Trace Route )所有设备节点, 根据返回 的路由路径即可得到相关设备的路由拓朴关系。 目前, 通过动态主机分配协议 (DHCP , Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol )服务器为局域网中的各个客户端分配 IP地址从而为其提供网络服 务的应用越来越多,上述三种方法需要配备专门的系统来进行网络拓朴发现, 其方案相对来说比较复杂, 且针对性不强, 由此会导致系统的性能价格比极 低。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种实现网络拓 卜发现的方法, 能够 专门针对 DHCP服务器为客户端提供服务的应用场景进行网络拓朴发现。
为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供了一种实现网络拓朴发现的方法, 涉及主机分配协议 DHCP客户端、 多个中间设备以及 DHCP服务器, 该方法 包括:
中间设备在收到一 DHCP客户端发出的 DHCP报文请求中的报文时, 依 次地将本设备的地址信息记录于添加在该报文的 DHCP选项中;
DHCP服务器在收到该报文时, 在为 DHCP客户端分配 IP地址的同时, 保存该报文中携带的 DHCP客户端的物理地址和 DHCP选项中的信息。
进一步地, 中间设备在收到该报文时, 依次地将本设备的地址信息记录 于添加在该报文的 DHCP选项中, 具体包括:
当该报文途经第一个中间设备时, 由该第一个中间设备在该报文中添加 DHCP选项 , 并除了在该 DHCP选项的第一子选项里记录与 DHCP客户端连 接的本设备的端口信息, 以及在 DHCP选项的第二子选项里记录本设备的的 物理地址外, 还在 DHCP选项的第五子选项中记录本设备的 IP地址;
当该报文途经其它中间设备时, 由收到该报文的中间设备依次地在该报 文的 DHCP选项的第五子选项中记录本设备的 IP地址。
进一步地, 该方法还包括:
DHCP服务器根据 DHCP客户端的物理地址以及 DHCP选项中的信息确 定及保存 DHCP客户端的位置信息, 并根据 DHCP选项中的信息确定及保存 DHCP客户端到 DHCP服务器之间的多个中间设备以及这些中间设备的连接 关系。 进一步地, 该方法还包括:
DHCP服务器根据保存的 DHCP客户端的位置信息和中间设备及其连接 关系绘制详细的网络拓朴图。
进一步地, 该方法还包括:
DHCP服务器将所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中间设备以及所述 中间设备间的连接关系发送给拓朴解析系统, 由所述拓朴解析系统绘制详细 的网络拓朴图。
进一步地, 该方法还涉及一拓朴解析系统, 且涉及的 DHCP服务器含有 多个; 该方法还包括:
DHCP服务器将 DHCP客户端的位置信息和中间设备及其连接关系发送 给该拓朴解析系统, 由该拓朴解析系统根据 DHCP客户端的位置信息和中间 设备及其连接关系绘制详细的网络拓朴图。
进一步地, 该方法还涉及一拓朴解析系统, 该方法还包括:
DHCP服务器将 DHCP客户端的物理地址以及 DHCP选项中的信息发送 给拓朴解析系统;
拓朴解析系统根据 DHCP客户端的物理地址以及 DHCP选项中的信息确 定该 DHCP客户端的位置信息, 并根据 DHCP选项中的信息确定及保存该 DHCP客户端到 DHCP服务器之间的多个中间设备以及这些中间设备的连接 关系; 以及根据保存的 DHCP客户端的位置信息和中间设备及其连接关系绘 制详细的网络拓朴图。
进一步地, 涉及的 DHCP服务器含有多个, 该方法还包括:
拓朴解析系统根据由多个 DHCP服务器发送的 DHCP客户端物理地址以 及 DHCP选项中的信息确定及保存的 DHCP客户端的位置信息和中间设备及 其连接关系绘制详细的网络拓朴图。
为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供了一种实现网络拓朴发现的系统, 包括依次连接的主机分配协议 DHCP客户端、 多个中间设备以及 DHCP服务 器, 其中: DHCP客户端, 用于在需要获取网络服务时发起 DHCP报文请求; 中间设备, 用于在收到 DHCP报文请求中的报文时, 依次地将本设备的 地址信息记录于添加在该报文的 DHCP选项中;
所述 DHCP服务器, 用于在收到所述报文时, 在为 DHCP客户端分配 IP 地址的同时, 保存该报文中携带的 DHCP客户端的物理地址和 DHCP选项中 的信息。
进一步地, 中间设备包括第一个中间设备和随后的其它中间设备; 第一个中间设备,用于在收到的该报文中添加 DHCP选项,并在该 DHCP 选项的第一子选项里记录与 DHCP客户端连接的本设备的端口信息, 在该 DHCP选项的第二子选项里记录本设备的物理地址; 在该 DHCP选项的第五 子选项中记录本设备的 IP地址;
其它中间设备, 用于依次在收到的报文中的该 DHCP选项的第五子选项 中记录本设备的 IP地址。
进一步地,
DHCP服务器, 还用于根据 DHCP客户端的物理地址以及 DHCP选项中 的信息确定及保存该 DHCP客户端的位置信息, 并根据 DHCP选项中的信息 确定及保存该 DHCP客户端到 DHCP服务器之间的多个中间设备以及这些中 间设备的连接关系。
进一步地,
DHCP服务器, 还用于根据该 DHCP客户端的位置信息和中间设备及其 连接关系绘制详细的网络拓朴图。
进一步地, 该系统还包括一拓朴解析系统, 且涉及的 DHCP服务器含有 多个; 其中:
DHCP服务器, 将 DHCP客户端的位置信息和中间设备及其连接关系发 送给该拓朴解析系统;
拓朴解析系统, 根据由多个 DHCP服务器发送的 DHCP客户端物理地址 以及 HCP选项中的信息确定及保存的该 DHCP客户端的位置信息和中间设备 及其连接关系绘制详细的网络拓朴图。 釆用本发明提供的实现网络拓朴发现的方法及系统, 由于是在客户端向
DHCP服务器发送 DHCP报文请求过程中,通过 DHCP报文中携带的 Option82 信息, 并通过对该报文和 Option82信息的拓朴解析, 来获取客户端的位置信 息以及各个网络节点相互的连接关系, 由此绘制出详尽的网络拓朴图, 从而 达到网络拓朴发现的目的。 本发明实现简单, 不需要增加额外的设备, 仅仅 利用原 DHCP Option82中的各子选项就可以方便地实现, 因此非常适用于局 域网的网络拓朴发现, 具有很高的系统性价比。 本发明为网络管理提供了方 便、 快捷及精确的故障定位工具。
附图概述
图 1是本发明的实现网络拓朴发现的系统实施例的结构框图;
图 2是本发明的方法实施例的流程图;
图 3是对图 2中 DHCP报文途经各中间设备 Option82信息变化示意图; 图 4是本发明的方法实施例中拓朴解析系统通过 Option82信息获知网络 拓朴的流程图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
本发明提供的实现网络拓朴发现的方法及系统, 其发明构思是, 在客户 端向 DHCP服务器发出 DHCP报文请求过程中,利用报文携带的 DHCP选项 将客户端以及报文途经各个设备的地址信息记录下来; 当 DHCP报文最终到 达 DHCP服务器时, 通过网络拓朴分析便会得到客户端的位置信息以及各个 网络节点相互的连接关系, 绘制出详尽的网络拓朴图, 从而实现网络拓朴发 现。
以下通过附图和优选实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细地阐述。 以下 实施例仅仅用于说明和解释本发明, 而不构成对本发明技术方案的限制。 图 1表示了本发明提供的实现网络拓朴发现的系统一实施例的结构, 该 系统包括多个客户端、 多个中间设备(设备 A, 设备 B, ... ) 以及一个或多 个 DHCP服务器(图 1中只示出一个)和一个拓朴解析系统; 在每一客户端 与 DHCP服务器之间均会连接一个或多个中间设备(如交换机、 路由器, 等 等) ; 其中:
客户端, 用于在需要获取网络服务时向 DHCP服务器发出 DHCP报文请 求;
中间设备,用于在收到该 DHCP报文时,在该报文中添加和 /或填写 DHCP 选项 ( Option82 )信息, 将本设备的地址信息依次地记录在 DHCP选项中; 如图 3所示, 客户端发送的 DHCP报文途经第一个中间设备 (设备 A ) 时, 由该设备 A在该报文中添加 Option82信息, 包括以下子选项:
子选项 1: 代理电路 ID , 包含客户端所连接交换机端口的 vlan ID、 槽位 号以及端口号等;
子选项 2: 代理远程 ID, 包含该设备 A的物理地址;
该物理地址用于唯一确定设备 A的位置。
子选项 5: 链路选择, 包含该设备 A的 IP地址。
下面, 该 DHCP报文依次又经过第二个中间设备 (设备 B ) 、 …第 n个 中间设备(设备 η ) , 分别由设备 B, 设备 n将其 IP地址依次填入子选 项 5中。
DHCP服务器, 用于在收到 DHCP报文时, 为发出报文请求的客户端分 配地址, 同时保存该报文中携带的客户端物理地址和该选项信息, 并将其发 送给与其连接的拓朴解析系统; 拓朴解析系统, 用于根据客户端物理地址以及选项信息确定客户端的位 置信息, 根据选项信息确定客户端到 DHCP服务器之间的中间设备以及这些 中间设备的连接关系, 并将客户端的位置信息和中间设备及其连接关系保存 在数据库中; 最后, 根据数据库中所记录的客户端的位置信息和中间设备及 其连接关系绘制出详细的网络拓朴图。
拓朴解析系统根据客户端物理地址以及选项信息中的子选项 1、子选项 2 以及子选项 5的第一个中间设备的 IP地址来确定客户端的位置信息, 并记录 到数据库中;根据子选项 5中包含的所有设备的 IP地址来确定该 DHCP报文 所经由的中间设备以及这些中间设备的连接关系, 并记录到数据库中; 通过 对客户端 DHCP报文中信息的积累, 不断丰富数据库中的客户端的位置信息 以及与客户端有关的诸多设备及其连接关系,从而绘制出详细的网络拓朴图。
本发明除了给出上述系统实施例外, 还能例举出其它实施例。
譬如, 上述拓朴解析系统对客户端物理地址以及选项信息的解析功能, 可以通过在 DHCP服务器中配置一个拓朴解析模块完成, 亦即该拓朴解析模 块根据保存在 DHCP服务器中的与 DHCP报文所对应的客户端物理地址和选 项信息来确定客户端的位置信息, 并根据该选项信息确定客户端到 DHCP服 务器之间的中间设备以及这些中间设备的连接关系, 并据此绘制出网络拓朴 图。
又譬如, 上述拓朴解析系统可以汇集与其连接的所有的 DHCP服务器中 所绘制的网络拓朴图, 并对此进行分析, 最后绘制出一个更大、 更完整的网 络拓朴图。
图 2表示的是本发明针对的上述系统实施例而给出的相应的方法实施例 的流程, 包括如下步骤:
210: DHCP客户端发起 DHCP报文请求;
客户端在需要获取网络服务时, 向 DHCP服务器发起 DHCP报文请求。
220 : 报文经过第一个中间设备, 由该设备添加并填写 DHCP 选项 ( Option82 )信息;
如图 3所示,报文譬如先经过设备 A,由该设备 A在报文中添加 Option82 信息, 其中填写子选项信息: 子选项 1的代理电路 ID, 包含客户端所连接交 换机端口的 vlan ID、 槽位号以及端口号等; 子选项 2的代理远程 ID, 包含该 设备 A的物理地址; 子选项 5的链路选择, 包含该设备 A的 IP地址。
230: ^艮文经过下一个中间设备, 由该设备修改 Option82信息; 报文由设备 A传送给下一设备 B, 由该设备 B在 Option82中的子选项 5 中将本设备的 IP地址填入。
下面,该 DHCP报文依次又经过第三个中间设备、 n个中间设备(设 备 n ) , 分别由这些设备将其 IP地址依次填入子选项 5中。
240: 报文到达 DHCP服务器, 由其为客户端分配地址, 并保存该报文中 携带的客户端物理地址和该选项信息, 同时转发给拓朴解析系统, 结束流程。
图 4表示的是本发明的方法实施例中拓朴解析系统通过选项(Option82 ) 信息获知网络拓朴的流程, 包括如下步骤:
310: 根据客户端物理地址和选项信息获取客户端位置信息并保存; 根据客户端物理地址以及选项信息中的子选项 1、子选项 2以及子选项 5 的第一个中间设备的 IP地址来确定客户端的位置信息并保存。
320: 根据选项信息获知各网络节点连接信息并保存;
根据子选项 5中包含的所有设备的 IP地址来确定该报文所经由的中间设 备以及这些中间设备的连接关系并保存。
330: 绘制出网络拓朴图并保存, 结束流程。
当然, 本实施例是将图 2和图 4分开, 由 DHCP服务器获取报文及其中 的 Option82信息,由拓朴解析系统通过 Option82信息获知网络拓朴。实际上, 图 2和图 4也可以结合在一起,均由 DHCP服务器获取报文及其中的 Option82 信息, 并根据客户端地址信息和 Option82信息获知客户端位置信息和与客户 端相关的中间设备及其连接关系, 由此绘制网络拓朴图。
本发明提供的实现网络拓朴发现的方法及系统, 是在客户端向 DHCP月良 务器发送 DHCP报文请求过程中, 通过 DHCP报文中携带的选项信息, 并通 过对该报文和选项信息拓朴解析, 来获取客户端的位置信息以及各个网络节 点相互的连接关系, 由此绘制出详尽的网络拓朴图, 从而达到网络拓朴发现 的目的。 本发明实现简单, 不需要增加额外的设备, 仅仅利用原 DHCP Option82中的子选项 5就可以方便地实现, 因此非常适用于局域网的网络拓 朴发现, 具有很高的系统性价比。 本发明为网络管理提供了方便、 快捷及精 确的故障定位工具。 应当理解的是, 对本领域普通技术人员来说, 可以根据本发明的技术构 思进行等同改变或替换, 而所有这种无需额外创造性劳动的改变或替换方案 都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
工业实用性 釆用本发明提供的实现网络拓朴发现的方法及系统, 由于是在客户端向
DHCP服务器发送 DHCP报文请求过程中,通过 DHCP报文中携带的 Option82 信息, 并通过对该报文和 Option82信息的拓朴解析, 来获取客户端的位置信 息以及各个网络节点相互的连接关系, 由此绘制出详尽的网络拓朴图, 从而 达到网络拓朴发现的目的。 本发明实现简单, 不需要增加额外的设备, 仅仅 利用原 DHCP Option82中的各子选项就可以方便地实现, 因此非常适用于局 域网的网络拓朴发现, 具有很高的系统性价比。 本发明为网络管理提供了方 便、 快捷及精确的故障定位工具。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种实现网络拓朴发现的方法, 包括:
主机分配协议 DHCP客户端向 DHCP服务器发送 DHCP报文请求,所述 DHCP报文请求中的报文途径中间设备, 所述中间设备为多个; 所述中间设 备在收到所述报文时, 将所述中间设备的地址信息记录于添加在所述报文的 DHCP选项中; 以及
所述 DHCP服务器在收到所述报文时,为所述 DHCP客户端分配 IP地址, 并保存所述报文中携带的所述 DHCP客户端的物理地址和所述 DHCP选项中 的信息。
2、按照权利要求 1所述的方法,其中,所述中间设备在收到所述报文时, 依次地将所述中间设备的地址信息记录于添加在所述报文的 DHCP选项中的 所述步骤包括:
所述中间设备中的第一个收到所述报文的第一中间设备在收到所述报文 时, 所述第一中间设备在所述 ^艮文中添加所述 DHCP选项, 并除了在所述 DHCP选项的第一子选项里记录与所述 DHCP客户端连接的所述第一中间设 备的端口信息, 以及在所述 DHCP选项的第二子选项里记录所述第一中间设 备的物理地址外, 还在所述 DHCP选项的第五子选项中记录所述第一中间设 备的 IP地址; 以及
除所述第一中间设备外的其他中间设备收到所述报文时, 所述其他中间 设备依次地在所述报文的所述 DHCP选项的第五子选项中记录所述其他中间 设备的 IP地址。
3、 按照权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 还包括:
所述 DHCP服务器根据所述 DHCP客户端的物理地址以及所述 DHCP选 项中的信息确定及保存所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息, 并根据所述 DHCP选 项中的信息确定及保存所述 DHCP客户端到所述 DHCP服务器之间的所述中 间设备以及所述中间设备间的连接关系。
4、 按照权利要求 3所述的方法, 在所述 DHCP服务器确定及保存所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息, 并确定及保存所述中间设备以及所述中间设备间 的连接关系的所述步骤之后, 还包括:
所述 DHCP服务器根据保存的所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中间 设备以及所述中间设备间的连接关系绘制详细的网络拓朴图。
5、 按照权利要求 4所述的方法, 其中,
所述 DHCP服务器根据保存的所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中间 设备以及所述中间设备间的连接关系绘制详细的网络拓朴图的所述步骤包 括:
所述 DHCP服务器将所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中间设备以及 所述中间设备间的连接关系发送给拓朴解析系统, 由所述拓朴解析系统绘制 详细的网络拓朴图。
6、 按照权利要求 4所述的方法, 其中,
所述 DHCP服务器为多个;
所述 DHCP服务器根据保存的所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中间 设备以及所述中间设备间的连接关系绘制详细的网络拓朴图的所述步骤包 括:
所述 DHCP服务器中的每一个将所述 DHCP服务器中的每一个保存的所 述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中间设备以及所述中间设备间的连接关系 发送给拓朴解析系统, 由所述拓朴解析系统绘制详细的网络拓朴图。
7、 按照权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 所述方法还包括:
所述 DHCP服务器将所述 DHCP客户端的物理地址以及所述 DHCP选项 中的信息发送给拓朴解析系统; 以及
所述拓朴解析系统根据所述 DHCP客户端的物理地址以及所述 DHCP选 项中的信息确定所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息, 并根据所述 DHCP选项中的 信息确定及保存所述 DHCP客户端到所述 DHCP服务器之间的所述中间设备 以及所述中间设备间的连接关系; 以及根据保存的所述 DHCP客户端的位置 信息和所述中间设备以及所述中间设备间的连接关系绘制详细的网络拓朴 图。
8、 按照权利要求 7所述的方法, 其中, 所述 DHCP服务器为多个, 所述 拓朴解析系统根据保存的所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中间设备以及 所述中间设备间的连接关系绘制详细的网络拓朴图的所述步骤为:
所述拓朴解析系统根据由所述 DHCP服务器中的每一个保存的所述 DHCP 客户端物理地址以及所述 DHCP 选项中的信息确定及保存的所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中间设备以及所述中间设备间的连接关系绘 制详细的网络拓朴图。
9、 一种实现网络拓朴发现的系统, 包括依次连接的主机分配协议 DHCP 客户端、 多个中间设备以及 DHCP服务器, 其中:
所述 DHCP客户端设置为在需要获取网络服务时发起 DHCP报文请求; 所述中间设备设置为在收到所述 DHCP报文请求中的报文时, 依次地将 所述中间设备中的每一个的地址信息记录于添加在所述报文的 DHCP选项 中;
所述 DHCP服务器设置为在收到所述报文时, 在为所述 DHCP客户端分 配 IP地址的同时,保存所述报文中携带的所述 DHCP客户端的物理地址和所 述 DHCP选项中的信息。
10、 按照权利要求 9所述的系统, 其中, 所述多个中间设备包括第一中 间设备和随后的其它中间设备;
所述第一中间设备设置为在收到的所述报文中添加所述 DHCP选项, 并 在所述 DHCP选项的第一子选项里记录所述 DHCP客户端所连接设备的端口 信息, 在所述 DHCP选项的第二子选项里记录本设备的物理地址; 在所述 DHCP选项的第五子选项中记录本设备的 IP地址;
所述其它中间设备设置为依次在收到的所述报文中的所述 DHCP选项的 所述第五子选项中记录所述其他中间设备的 IP地址。
11、 按照权利要求 9或 10所述的系统 , 其中,
所述 DHCP服务器还设置为根据所述 DHCP客户端的物理地址以及所述
DHCP选项中的信息确定及保存所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息, 并根据所述 DHCP选项中的信息确定及保存所述 DHCP客户端到所述 DHCP服务器之间 的所述中间设备以及所述中间设备间的的连接关系。
12、 按照权利要求 11所述的系统 , 其中,
所述 DHCP服务器还设置为根据所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中 间设备以及所述中间设备间的连接关系绘制详细的网络拓朴图。
13、按照权利要求 11所述的系统,还包括一拓朴解析系统,且所述 DHCP 服务器为多个;
所述 DHCP服务器还设置为将所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中间 设备以及所述中间设备间的连接关系发送给所述拓朴解析系统;
所述拓朴解析系统设置为根据由所述 DHCP服务器中的每一个发送的所 述 DHCP客户端物理地址以及所述 DHCP选项中的信息确定及保存的所述 DHCP客户端的位置信息和所述中间设备以及所述中间设备间的连接关系绘 制详细的网络拓朴图。
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