WO2011002187A9 - Method and apparatus for upgrading low-rank coal - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for upgrading low-rank coal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011002187A9
WO2011002187A9 PCT/KR2010/004177 KR2010004177W WO2011002187A9 WO 2011002187 A9 WO2011002187 A9 WO 2011002187A9 KR 2010004177 W KR2010004177 W KR 2010004177W WO 2011002187 A9 WO2011002187 A9 WO 2011002187A9
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Prior art keywords
coal
heavy oil
powder
ash powder
oil ash
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PCT/KR2010/004177
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
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WO2011002187A2 (en
WO2011002187A3 (en
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김재관
이현동
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한국전력공사
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Publication of WO2011002187A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011002187A2/en
Publication of WO2011002187A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011002187A3/en
Publication of WO2011002187A9 publication Critical patent/WO2011002187A9/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/092—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
    • F26B3/0923—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating by mechanical means, e.g. vibrated plate, stirrer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy

Definitions

  • low-grade coal having a moisture content of 30% or more is converted into high-grade coal with a heat generation capacity of 6,500 kcal / kg or more and less than 10% moisture, thereby preventing spontaneous ignition of high-grade coal.
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for high quality coal production.
  • Coal is generally divided into peat, brown coal, lignite, sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal and anthracite grades.
  • Heavy or high voluminous bituminous coal, and anthracite is divided into semi-anthracite, anthracite, meta-anthracite and graphite anthracite.
  • Low rank coal refers to brown coal, lignite sub-bituminous coal, and bituminous coal and anthracite are classified as high rank coal (HRC).
  • High and high here do not mean the quality of coal, just the difference in carbonization.
  • high water high ash lignite low grade
  • HRC High Rank Coal
  • the moisture of lower coal is divided into free water, interstitial water (pore water), surface water, bound water, and the like.
  • a large part of the lower coal water is the free water adhering to the lower coal surface, the water present between the molecules of the lower coal and the inner water, and the bound water is chemically bonded to the lower coal molecules.
  • the free and surface waters are dried at 100 ⁇ 5 ° C., but the internal and bonded waters are destroyed and dried at about 400 ° C.
  • an object of the present invention is to classify low-grade coal having a water content of 30% or more into a coal for power generation of 6,500 kcal / kg or more of water having a moisture content of 10% or less, and a high-grade method of low-grade coal capable of preventing spontaneous ignition of high-grade coal. To provide a device.
  • the primary coal is dried by injecting heated air of 100 ⁇ 130 °C to low-grade coal having a particle size of 10 ⁇ 30mm and a water content of 30% or more, here the heavy oil ash having a particle size of 74 ⁇ m or less 5 to 20 parts by weight of the powder is added to 100 parts by weight of the lower coal, and then mixed, and then microwave is used as a heat source to provide a high quality method for lower coal, characterized in that the secondary drying at 120 ⁇ 150 °C.
  • the lower coal storage tank for storing the lower coal
  • the lower coal supply unit including a lower coal rotary feeder and a diaphragm for transporting the lower coal stored in the lower portion
  • Heavy oil ash powder storage tank in which heavy oil ash powder is stored, heavy oil ash powder mill for pulverizing the heavy oil ash powder to a particle size of 74 ⁇ m or less, heavy oil ash powder storage tank for storing the finely divided heavy oil ash powder, and scattering in the storage tank
  • a heavy oil ash powder supply unit including a heavy oil ash powder bag filter for collecting the powder, and a rotary valve for transporting the heavy oil ash powder to a lower portion, and a heavy oil ash powder supply screw;
  • a heat-air supply unit comprising a blower, a heat exchanger for recovering heat of dried and stabilized high-quality coal, and a heater for heating the heat-exchanged air with drying air;
  • Lower coal inlet through which the coal transported through the lower coal supply unit is input, heavy oil ash powder
  • a porous plate having a hot air inlet and an air inlet on one side for firstly drying the lower coal through the lower coal introduced through the lower coal inlet, and the first dried lower coal and heavy oil ash.
  • Lower coal stabilization apparatus for secondary drying at 120 ⁇ 150 °C by mixing the powder as a microwave as a heat source, steam suction unit for sucking the steam decomposed during the drying process of the lower coal, for discharging the dried and stabilized coal
  • a lower coal drying and stabilizing unit including a discharge unit; And a high quality coal storage unit comprising a rotary feeder of high quality coal transported through the high quality coal outlet and a high quality coal storage tank for storing the transferred high quality coal. to provide.
  • the lower coal stabilization device is a wave-type vibration flow plate for uniform mixing of the primary dried lower coal and heavy oil ash powder introduced from the heavy oil ash powder inlet, and the lower coal and heavy oil And a microwave feeder for microwave drying the mixture of ash powder and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature inside the mixture of the lower coal and heavy oil ash powder.
  • the low-grade coal high-quality device a vapor phase powder recovery device for collecting the powder in the dry steam sucked by the steam suction unit attached to the upper portion of the low coal stabilizer, heavy oil ash powder for recycling the recovered powder
  • a recirculation blower a powder suction pump for sucking dry steam after the powder collection
  • a condenser for condensing the inhaled vapor phase air
  • a gas-liquid separator separating gas from the condensed condensate
  • a condensate storage tank for storing condensate from the gas-liquid separator It may further comprise a decomposition gas phase powder recovery unit comprising a circulating pump for sending the condensed water to the cooling water.
  • the low-grade coal high-quality device may further comprise an accessory facility consisting of a vibration fluidizer lower spring, a vibration supply device, a vibration fluid supporter.
  • the vibration fluid plate is preferably made of a material having a low permittivity (Permittivity) that can transmit the supplied microwave.
  • the above-described high-grade coal production method and apparatus for low-grade coal according to the present invention can high-grade low-grade coal with water content of 30% or more by using microwave drying and heavy ash powder with high-grade heat of 6,500 kcal / kg or more of heat generation capacity of 6,500 kcal / kg or more. In addition, it has a useful effect to prevent spontaneous ignition of high-grade coal.
  • FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a high quality coalescing apparatus of lower coal according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view illustrating main parts of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the porous plate illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vibrating fluid plate shown in FIG.
  • 6 is a graph showing the results of the pyrophoric test.
  • the high-grade method of lower coal according to the present invention is first dried by injecting 100 to 130 ° C. heating air into lower coal having a particle size of 10 to 30 mm and a water content of 30% or more, and having a particle size of 74 ⁇ m or less. 5 to 20 parts by weight of heavy oil ash powder is added to 100 parts by weight of the lower coal and mixed, followed by secondary drying at 120 to 150 ° C. using microwave as a heat source.
  • the particle size of the lower coal need not necessarily be limited, but lower coal having a particle size of 10 to 30 mm is used so that drying can be performed smoothly. If necessary, it may be ground before drying to have the above-described particle size.
  • Low-grade coal is subjected to the primary drying to heat the low-grade coal to 100 ⁇ 130 °C to remove free water and surface water adhering to the surface.
  • the above-mentioned primary drying is generally performed in the art, and in the present invention, the primary drying is performed by injecting heated air.
  • microwaves are used as the heat source, and the second drying is performed by mixing a hydrophobic heavy oil powder having a high affinity with a carbon component and a high affinity with the binding water. That is, 5 to 20 parts by weight of heavy oil ash powder having a particle size of 74 ⁇ m or less is added to 100 parts by weight of the lower coal and mixed with the first dried lower coal, followed by secondary drying at 120 to 150 ° C. using microwave as a heat source. will be.
  • the particle size of the heavy oil ash powder does not necessarily need to be limited, it is preferable to use a particle size of 74 ⁇ m or less for effective drying. In addition, considering the scattering in the work process, it is better to use a particle size of 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
  • the heavy oil ash powder is used 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lower coal, if the heavy oil ash powder is less than 5 parts by weight based on the above, there is a disadvantage that the temperature for secondary drying is increased and the drying time is long. When the heavy oil ash powder exceeds 20 parts by weight, the calorie of coal obtained may be reduced.
  • the present invention is a heavy oil-fired power plant that is similar in composition to coal, not a method of applying a microwave heat source to a heat source application technology such as a heating furnace and an electric furnace, but adding an oil component such as heavy oil when moisture is dried. It is a technology to increase the drying speed through the hydrophobic action with bound water by adding heavy oil ash fine powder, a by-product of combustion, and to prevent spontaneous ignition by adsorption.
  • Microwave is a kind of electromagnetic wave (300MHz ⁇ 300GHz) located between spectral far infrared and radio wave (high frequency).
  • the biggest feature of microwave is that the heating method uses friction force by molecular rotation or rearrangement as much as speed corresponding to the frequency of electromagnetic wave, so that it can raise the temperature faster than conventional thermal conductive heating.
  • microwave energy has low energy that does not damage chemical bonds, and thus does not alter or destroy molecular structure. Because of the rapid temperature rise and chemical stability, microwave technology has already been applied in various chemical fields.
  • microwaves the principle of microwaves is that the material with low dielectric constant (permeability) transmits microwaves, while internal moisture (gap water, bound water) such as polar solvent with high transmittance absorbs microwaves and thus maintains its own molecular rotation. Evaporate while releasing heat through.
  • heavy oil ash powder can be easily obtained as a combustion by-product of a heavy oil-fired power plant.
  • Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.'s Pyeongtaek Thermal Power Plant No. 1 generates 3,134 tons per year, and other heavy oil-fired power plants such as Yeosu Thermal Power in Korea are also generated in large quantities. Therefore, heavy oil ash powder may have the effect of reinforcing the fixed carbon component of lower coal and recycling heavy oil ash, which is designated waste.
  • the present invention takes advantage of the difference in wettability of the carbon component of the hydrophobic heavy ash powder with hydrophobic (Hydrophobic) and the combined water having hydrophilic (ie, wettability), that is, the repulsion between the hydrophilic bonded moisture and the carbon component of hydrophobic lower coal,
  • a certain amount of heavy oil ash powder is used as a catalyst, which increases hydrophobicity with the combined moisture and increases surface tension to promote decomposition with lower coal, which irradiates microwaves.
  • the bonded water such as the pore water and the capillary bond water, it generates heat, drying the bonded water and the capillary water at a temperature of 150 ° C.
  • the method according to the present invention as described above is about 2 to 120 to 150 °C drying carried out at conventional 400 °C or more After about 5 minutes, high-quality coal with moisture content of less than 10% and calorific value of 6,500 kcal / kg or more can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a high-grade coal leveling device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the porous plate shown in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 is AA of FIG. 1.
  • 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vibrating fluid plate shown in FIG. 1.
  • the high-grade carbonization unit of the lower carbon comprises a low coal supply unit, heavy oil ash powder supply unit, heating air supply unit, low coal drying and stabilization unit and high-grade coal storage unit.
  • the lower coal supply unit includes a lower coal storage tank 1 in which lower coal is stored, and a lower coal rotary feeder 2 and a diaphragm 3 for transferring the lower coal to the lower stored coal.
  • the lower coal need not be limited as described above, and may be used without limitation as long as the water content is 30% or more.
  • the particle size of the lower coal need not necessarily be limited, but lower coal having a particle size of 10 to 30 mm is used so that drying can be performed smoothly. If necessary, it may be ground before drying to have the above-described particle size. Coal having such a particle size is transferred to the lower coal inlet 17 by the rotary feeder 2 and the diaphragm 3.
  • the heavy oil ash powder supply unit stores the heavy oil ash powder storage tank 4 in which the heavy oil ash powder is stored, the heavy oil ash powder powder mill 5 for grinding the heavy oil ash powder to a particle size of 74 ⁇ m or less, and the fine oil ash powder stored therein.
  • Heavy oil ash powder storage tank (6), heavy oil ash powder bag filter (7) for collecting the powder scattering in the storage tank, and rotary valve (8) and heavy oil ash powder feed screw for transferring the heavy oil ash powder to the lower part (9) is made.
  • the heavy ash powder uses combustion by-products of heavy oil-fired power plants, and the particle size of the heavy oil ash powder is not necessarily limited, but it is preferable to use a particle size of 74 ⁇ m or less for effective drying.
  • the heated air supply unit is a heat exchanger 13 for recovering heat of the blower 10 and the dried and stabilized high quality coal, and a heater 14 for heating the heat exchanged air with the air for drying the heat exchanger 13.
  • the heated air obtained from the heated air supply unit is used for primary drying of lower coal.
  • the heating air supply unit is a pressure gauge 11 and a flow meter 12 for adjusting the air volume, a bypass valve 15 of the atmospheric air to be used as circulating air, heating injection air as shown in the drawing It may further comprise a temperature meter 16 for measuring the temperature of.
  • the lower coal drying and stabilizing unit is a lower coal inlet 17 into which coal transported through the lower coal supply unit is input, and a heavy oil ash powder inlet 18 into which heavy oil ash powder transferred through the heavy oil ash powder supply unit is input.
  • the porous plate 211 is provided with an air inlet 20 on one side for primarily drying the lower coal, and the first dried lower coal and heavy oil ash powder are mixed to produce microwaves at 120-150 ° C.
  • Lower coal stabilizer 21 for secondary drying, a steam suction unit 22 for sucking steam decomposed in the drying process of the lower coal, for discharging the dried and stabilized coal
  • the primary drying may be made by injecting heated air of 100 ⁇ 130 °C to the lower coal.
  • heavy oil ash powder having a particle size of 74 ⁇ m or less is added in an amount of 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of lower coal.
  • the porous plate 211 as shown in Figure 3, the pore 211a size is maintained at 1/5 ⁇ 1/10 of the particle size of 10 ⁇ 30mm of the lower coal particles lower coal particles are the pores 211a It is desirable not to pass.
  • the lower coal stabilization device 21 is a wave-type vibration flow plate for uniform mixing of the primary dried lower coal and heavy oil ash powder introduced from the heavy oil ash powder inlet 18. 215, microwave feeders 213a and 213b for microwave drying the mixture of the lower coal and the heavy oil ash powder, and a temperature sensor 214 for measuring the temperature inside the mixture of the lower coal and the heavy oil ash powder. It can be made, including.
  • the microwave feeders 213a and 213b continue to irradiate microwaves until the temperature of the mixture of lower coal and heavy oil ash powder reaches 120-150 ° C, and the microwave irradiation stops automatically when the temperature inside the mixture exceeds 150 ° C. You can do that.
  • the microwave supplies 213a and 213b may be partially or entirely formed on / off repeating structure.
  • the microwave feeders 213a and 213b may be disposed to cross each other without facing each other for preventing a magnetron failure due to the inflow of microwaves and for uniform irradiation.
  • the microwave feeders 213a and 213b are not limited to the accompanying drawings, and may be arranged in various shapes as necessary.
  • the temperature sensor 214 is disposed between the microwave supply (213a, 213b) that is not irradiated with microwaves.
  • the choke 218 is formed of an aluminum material having high microwave permeation resistance at the inlet and the outlet to prevent leakage thereof.
  • Reference numerals 216 and 217 are connecting portions and fixing portions for connecting the upper and lower plates of the lower coal stabilization device, respectively.
  • the wave-shaped vibration flow plate 215 is adjusted in direction from the inlet to the outlet, as shown in Figure 5, and forms a wave shape for smooth mixing and adsorption with heavy oil ash powder
  • the transmission resistance of the microwave is very low and composed of a Teflon material that transmits microwaves most of the time.
  • the high quality coal storage unit includes a rotary feeder 24 of high quality coal transferred through the high quality coal outlet 23 of the lower coal drying and stabilization unit, and a high quality coal storage tank 25 for storing the transferred high quality coal. It is configured to include.
  • the low-grade coal having a moisture content of 30% or more and the calorific value of 4,500 kcal / kg or less is made into a high quality coal for generating power of 10% or less of the moisture content and 6,500 kcal / kg or more.
  • the high-grade coal-degrading device of the lower coal is a vapor phase powder recoverer 28 for collecting powder in dry steam sucked by the steam inlet 22 attached to the upper portion of the lower coal stabilizer 21, the recovered Heavy oil powder recirculation blower 27 for recirculating powder, a powder suction pump 29 for sucking dry steam after collecting the powder, a condenser 30 for condensing the inhaled vapor phase air, and gas in the condensed condensate
  • the gas-liquid separator 31 for separating, a condensate storage tank 32 for storing the condensate coming down from the gas-liquid separator, and further comprising a decomposition gas phase powder recovery unit comprising a circulation pump 33 for sending the condensate to the cooling water.
  • the heavy oil ash recovered through this process is recycled to use.
  • the low-grade coal high-quality device may further include an accessory facility comprising a vibration fluidizer lower spring 34, a vibration supply device 35, a vibration fluid support unit 36.
  • the low-grade coal high-quality device according to the present invention is made of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) material in order to block the leakage of microwaves
  • the porous plate 211 provided with the air inlet 20 is corrosion resistance and wear resistance Applying excellent stainless steel (SUS310) material
  • the vibrating fluid plate 215 is made of Teflon material with a low permittivity for the purpose of permeation of the supplied microwave
  • Temperature sensor 214 for measuring is preferably made of a stainless steel shielding material.
  • the microwave supply is 2.45 GHz, 2 kW, 220 V, single phase, and two vibration supply devices 35 of 0.45 kW capacity are attached to both sides to uniformly vibrate the vibrating fluidized bed body.
  • the overall low carbon high-definition device shape is shown in FIG. 2, and the device volume is 100 cm for the porous plate 211, and the wave shaped vibration flow plate 215 is 200 cm long, 30 cm wide, and 30 cm high.
  • the temperature sensors 214a and 214b used a stainless steel shielded thermocouple, and the diameter of the mounting portion for installing them was 1 cm, and the steam suction portion 22, the lower coal inlet 17, and the heavy ash powder inlet 18 were installed. The area of was set to 2 inches x 2 inches.
  • the size of the pores 211a of the perforated plate is 1 / 5-1 / 10 of the particle size of low coal particles 10-30mm, consisting of 154 5 shafts and 4 long shafts each with a diameter of 5mm.
  • the plate 215 was composed of a thickness bottom side 215a 2cm, a top height side 215b 5cm, and a width 215c 20cm as shown in FIG.
  • Coal 1 type of imported coal from Indonesia
  • Coal size 20mm particle size
  • Heavy oil powder supply 5kg / hr
  • Example 1 after the first drying, the secondary oil drying of the heavy oil ash powder and the microwave drying were performed in parallel. Comparative Example 1 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that heavy oil ash powder was not added, Comparative Example 2 was only microwave drying without the addition of heavy oil ash powder without the first drying, Comparative Example 3 2 We did not carry out car drying itself.
  • the fuel ratio is a fixed carbon content / volatile content (FC / VM).
  • low-grade coal has a water content of about 36.4 (about 36%), and a heat content of 6,291 Kcal / kg based on drying is higher than anthracite but lower than 6,500 kcal / kg of coal for coal-fired power plants.
  • the fuel cost was 0.86, which is similar to the sub-bituminous series, and it was confirmed that the fuel was suitable for the specification as a thermal power plant fuel when the moisture was dried to 10% or less.
  • the heavy oil-powdered ash powder used as an additive has a moisture content of 5.65%, a calorific value of 7,553 Kcal / kg, and a high fixed carbon content of 70.80%.
  • Example 1 In the case of Example 1 irradiated with heavy oil ash powder and microwave according to the present invention, the high-grade coal produced had a very low water content of 5.0% and a very high heat content of 7,210 kcal / kg. In particular, the fuel cost has a characteristic of greatly improved to 0.93. From the physical properties of Table 2, it was found to be suitable as a raw material for burning coal-fired power plants. However, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 corresponding to other methods were found to be very difficult to dry to less than 10% moisture.
  • the spontaneous ignition was investigated using a bench scale test apparatus using the high quality coal produced in Examples 1 to 4, and the results are shown in FIG. 6.
  • spontaneous ignition is carried out by placing a sample of a certain volume (106 mm in diameter and 350 mm in height) in a bench test device, heating it to 50 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then switching the atmosphere to dry air. It evaluated by comparing the time until the temperature of reaches 80 degreeC and 150 degreeC.
  • the control shown in Figure 6 shows the experimental results of the bituminous coal used in the coal-fired power plant.
  • the high-grade coal of Example 1 according to the present invention covers the pores and active sites on the surface of the heavy oil fine powder added and mixed during the drying process to react with oxygen in the air.
  • the time to reach 80 ° C. and 150 ° C. was measured for a very long time compared to bituminous coal and other coals of the comparative examples, and as a result, it was found that spontaneous combustion was relatively low.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for upgrading low-rank coal, which upgrade low-rank coal, having a water content of 30% or more, into coal for generating power and having a water content of 10% or less and a calorific value of 6,500 kcal/kg or more, through the use of heavy oil ash and a microwave drying process, which prevents the spontaneous combustion of the coal upgraded into high-rank coal.

Description

저급 석탄의 고품위화 방법 및 장치High Quality Coking Method and Apparatus of Low Coal
본 발명은 저급 석탄을 석탄화력 발전소의 연료로서 사용하기 위해 수분함량이 30% 이상인 저급 석탄을 수분 10%이하 발열량 6,500kcal/kg 이상의 발전용 석탄으로 고품위화하고, 고품위화 석탄의 자연발화를 방지할 수 있도록 한 저급 석탄의 고품위화 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다.In order to use low-grade coal as a fuel of a coal-fired power plant, low-grade coal having a moisture content of 30% or more is converted into high-grade coal with a heat generation capacity of 6,500 kcal / kg or more and less than 10% moisture, thereby preventing spontaneous ignition of high-grade coal. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for high quality coal production.
일반적으로 석탄은 이탄(peat), 갈색탄(brown coal), 갈탄(lignite), 아역청탄(sub-bituminous coal), 역청탄(bituminous coal), 무연탄(anthracite) 등급으로 나누어지며, 역청탄은 다시 저휘발분, 중휘발분, 고휘발분 역청탄으로, 그리고 무연탄은 반무연탄, 무연탄, 메타(Meta)-무연탄과 흑연계 무연탄으로 나누어 진다. 이중에서 저급 석탄(Low Rank Coal: LRC)은 갈색탄, 갈탄 아역청탄을 말하며 역청탄, 무연탄 등은 고급 석탄(High Rank Coal: HRC)로 분류된다.Coal is generally divided into peat, brown coal, lignite, sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal and anthracite grades. , Heavy or high voluminous bituminous coal, and anthracite is divided into semi-anthracite, anthracite, meta-anthracite and graphite anthracite. Low rank coal (LRC) refers to brown coal, lignite sub-bituminous coal, and bituminous coal and anthracite are classified as high rank coal (HRC).
여기서 저급과 고급은 석탄의 품질을 의미하는 것은 아니며 단지 탄화정도의 차이를 말하는 것이다. 통상적으로 고수분 고회분 갈탄(저급)을 이용하여 탈수, 건조 및 안정화를 통해 역청탄급 석탄(고급, HRC: High Rank Coal)으로 연료화 기술을 고품위화 기술이라고 정의 한다. Low and high here do not mean the quality of coal, just the difference in carbonization. Conventionally, high water high ash lignite (low grade) is used to dehydrate, dry and stabilize bitumen coal (high grade, HRC: High Rank Coal).
갈탄과 같은 저급 석탄은 기공이 많고 가지 탄화수소(peripheral hydrocarbon: 휘발분) 가 많아 수분의 흡-탈착에 의한 흡착열의 축적으로 온도 상승이 되고 휘발분 중의 상당량을 차지하고 있는 산소 기능성 그룹으로 인해 자연발화 가능성이 높아서 사용이 제한되어 왔다.Lower coal, such as lignite, has many pores and a lot of peripheral hydrocarbons (volatiles), which increases the temperature due to the heat of adsorption and desorption of moisture, and the possibility of spontaneous combustion due to oxygen functional groups, which occupy a considerable amount of volatiles. Use has been limited.
저급 석탄의 수분은 자유수(free water), 내부수(interstitial water; 간극수), 표면수(surface water), 결합수(bound water) 등으로 구분된다. 저급석탄 수분 중 상당 부분을 차지하고 있는 것은 저급석탄 표면에 부착하고 있는 자유수이고, 저급석탄의 분자와 분자사이에 존재하는 수분이 내부수이며, 결합수는 저급석탄 분자에 화학적으로 결합되어 있다. 상기 자유수와 표면수는 100±5℃에서 건조되지만 내부수와 결합수는 약 400℃ 에서 파괴 및 건조가 일어난다. The moisture of lower coal is divided into free water, interstitial water (pore water), surface water, bound water, and the like. A large part of the lower coal water is the free water adhering to the lower coal surface, the water present between the molecules of the lower coal and the inner water, and the bound water is chemically bonded to the lower coal molecules. The free and surface waters are dried at 100 ± 5 ° C., but the internal and bonded waters are destroyed and dried at about 400 ° C.
따라서, 저급 석탄의 수분을 제거하기 위해서는 400℃ 이상의 고온에서 건조하여야 하므로, 고품위화에 많은 비용과 에너지가 소비되는 단점이 있다. 또한, 상기와 같은 고온에서 저급 석탄을 건조하여 고품위화 하는 경우 석탄의 기공에 주로 산소 산화반응기들, 히드록실 그룹(Hydroyxl groups, -OH), 카르복실 그룹(Carboxyl group, -COOH), 카보닐 그룹(Carbonyl group, -C=O)이 생성된다. 이들은 공기 중에 노출시 수분 및 산소성분과 반응해 산화되면서 기공내부의 온도를 상승시켜 자연발화의 원인이 된다. 따라서, 대부분 고품위화 기술은 건조 공정을 통해 수분함량 10%이하로 건조된 석탄을 기공에 유분 흡착시키고 성형(Briquetting, Pelletizing)을 통해 안정화가 필수적이다.Therefore, in order to remove moisture of the lower coal, it must be dried at a high temperature of 400 ° C. or higher, and thus, there is a disadvantage in that a high cost and energy consumption are required. In addition, in the case of high-grade drying of low-grade coal at such a high temperature, oxygen pores of the coal, hydroxyl groups (Hydroyxl groups, -OH), carboxyl groups (Carboxyl group, -COOH), carbonyl Carbonyl group (-C = O) is created. They react with moisture and oxygen components when exposed to air and oxidize, raising the temperature inside the pores, causing spontaneous ignition. Therefore, in most high-definition technology, the coal dried with moisture content of 10% or less through the drying process is adsorbed into the pores and stabilized by briquetting and pelletizing.
이에 본 발명의 목적은 수분함량 30%이상인 저급 석탄을 수분 10%이하 발열량 6,500kcal/kg 이상의 발전용 석탄으로 고품위화하고, 고품위화 석탄의 자연발화를 방지할 수 있는 저급 석탄의 고품위화 방법 및 장치를 제공하는데 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to classify low-grade coal having a water content of 30% or more into a coal for power generation of 6,500 kcal / kg or more of water having a moisture content of 10% or less, and a high-grade method of low-grade coal capable of preventing spontaneous ignition of high-grade coal. To provide a device.
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은, 입도가 10~30mm이고 수분함량이 30% 이상인 저급 석탄에 100~130℃의 가열공기를 주입하여 1차 건조하고, 여기에 입도 74㎛ 이하의 중유회 분말을 저급 석탄 100중량부에 대하여 5~20중량부 투입하여 혼합한 후 마이크로파를 열원으로 하여 120~150℃에서 2차 건조하는 것을 특징으로 하는 저급 석탄의 고품위화 방법을 제공한다. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, the primary coal is dried by injecting heated air of 100 ~ 130 ℃ to low-grade coal having a particle size of 10 ~ 30mm and a water content of 30% or more, here the heavy oil ash having a particle size of 74㎛ or less 5 to 20 parts by weight of the powder is added to 100 parts by weight of the lower coal, and then mixed, and then microwave is used as a heat source to provide a high quality method for lower coal, characterized in that the secondary drying at 120 ~ 150 ℃.
또한 본 발명은, 저급 석탄이 보관되는 저급 석탄 저장조와, 상기 보관된 저급 석탄으로 하부로 이송시키기 위한 저급 석탄 로터리 공급기 및 진동판을 포함하여 이루어지는 저급 석탄 공급부와; 중유회 분말이 저장되는 중유회 분말 저장조와, 상기 중유회 분말을 입도 74㎛ 이하로 분쇄하는 중유회 분말 미분기, 상기 미분된 중유회 분말을 보관하는 중유회 분말 보관조, 상기 보관조 내에서 비산하는 분말을 포집하는 중유회 분말 백필터 및 상기 중유회 분말을 하부로 이송시키기 위한 로터리 밸브와 중유회 분말 공급스크류를 포함하여 이루어지는 중유회 분말 공급부와; 송풍기와 건조 및 안정화된 고품위화 석탄의 열을 회수하기 위한 열교환기, 상기 열교환기를 열과환된 공기를 건조용 공기로 가열하는 가열기를 포함하여 이루어지는 가열공기 공급부와; 상기 저급 석탄 공급부를 통해 이송되는 석탄이 투입되는 저급 석탄 투입구와, 상기 중유회 분말 공급부를 통해 이송되는 중유회 분말이 투입되는 중유회 분말 투입구, 상기 가열공기 공급부를 통해 이송되는 가열공기가 주입되는 가열공기 주입구, 상기 주입된 가열공기가 상기 저급 석탄 투입구를 통해 투입된 저급 석탄을 통과하여 저급 석탄을 1차로 건조시키기 위한 일측에 공기 주입구가 구비된 다공판, 상기 1차 건조된 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말을 혼합하여 마이크로파를 열원으로 하여 120~150℃에서 2차 건조하는 저급 석탄 안정화 장치, 상기 저급 석탄의 건조과정에서 분해된 증기를 흡입하는 증기 흡입부, 상기 건조 및 안정화된 석탄을 배출하기 위한 고품위 석탄 배출구, 매트릭스 형태로 미 흡착된 중유회 미세 분말을 배출하기 위한 미세 분말 배출부를 포함하여 이루어지는 저급 석탄 건조 및 안정화부와; 상기 고품위 석탄 배출구를 통해 이송되는 고품위 석탄의 로터리 공급기와, 상기 이송된 고품위화 석탄을 저장하기 위한 고품위 석탄 저장조를 포함하여 구성되는 고품위 석탄 저장부를 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치를 제공한다. In addition, the present invention, the lower coal storage tank for storing the lower coal, the lower coal supply unit including a lower coal rotary feeder and a diaphragm for transporting the lower coal stored in the lower portion; Heavy oil ash powder storage tank in which heavy oil ash powder is stored, heavy oil ash powder mill for pulverizing the heavy oil ash powder to a particle size of 74 μm or less, heavy oil ash powder storage tank for storing the finely divided heavy oil ash powder, and scattering in the storage tank A heavy oil ash powder supply unit including a heavy oil ash powder bag filter for collecting the powder, and a rotary valve for transporting the heavy oil ash powder to a lower portion, and a heavy oil ash powder supply screw; A heat-air supply unit comprising a blower, a heat exchanger for recovering heat of dried and stabilized high-quality coal, and a heater for heating the heat-exchanged air with drying air; Lower coal inlet through which the coal transported through the lower coal supply unit is input, heavy oil ash powder inlet through which the heavy oil ash powder transported through the heavy oil ash powder supply unit is injected, and heated air transferred through the heating air supply unit is injected. A porous plate having a hot air inlet and an air inlet on one side for firstly drying the lower coal through the lower coal introduced through the lower coal inlet, and the first dried lower coal and heavy oil ash. Lower coal stabilization apparatus for secondary drying at 120 ~ 150 ℃ by mixing the powder as a microwave as a heat source, steam suction unit for sucking the steam decomposed during the drying process of the lower coal, for discharging the dried and stabilized coal High quality coal outlet, fine powder to discharge unadsorbed heavy oil fine powder in matrix form A lower coal drying and stabilizing unit including a discharge unit; And a high quality coal storage unit comprising a rotary feeder of high quality coal transported through the high quality coal outlet and a high quality coal storage tank for storing the transferred high quality coal. to provide.
상기 저급 석탄 안정화장치는 상기 1차 건조된 저급 석탄과 상기 중유회 분말 투입구에서 유입된 중유회 분말과의 균일한 혼합을 위한 물결모양(Wave-type)의 진동유동판과, 상기 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말의 혼합물을 마이크로파 건조하기 위한 마이크로파 공급기와, 상기 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말의 혼합물 내부의 온도를 측정하기 위한 온도센서를 포함하여 이루어질 수 있다. The lower coal stabilization device is a wave-type vibration flow plate for uniform mixing of the primary dried lower coal and heavy oil ash powder introduced from the heavy oil ash powder inlet, and the lower coal and heavy oil And a microwave feeder for microwave drying the mixture of ash powder and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature inside the mixture of the lower coal and heavy oil ash powder.
또한 상기 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치는: 상기 저급 석탄 안정화장치의 상부에 부착된 증기 흡입부에 의해 흡입된 건조 증기 중의 분말을 포집하기 위한 증기상 분체 회수기, 상기 회수된 분말을 재순환하는 중유회 분말 재순환 송풍기, 상기 분말 포집 후 건조 증기를 흡입하는 분체 흡입 펌프, 상기 흡입된 증기상 공기를 응축하는 응축기, 상기 응축된 응축수 중 기체를 분리하는 기액분리기, 기액분리기에서 내려오는 응축수를 보관하는 응축수 저장조, 상기 응축수를 냉각수로 보내기 위한 순환펌프를 포함하여 이루어지는 분해가스상 분말회수부를 더 포함하여 이루어질 수 있다. In addition, the low-grade coal high-quality device: a vapor phase powder recovery device for collecting the powder in the dry steam sucked by the steam suction unit attached to the upper portion of the low coal stabilizer, heavy oil ash powder for recycling the recovered powder A recirculation blower, a powder suction pump for sucking dry steam after the powder collection, a condenser for condensing the inhaled vapor phase air, a gas-liquid separator separating gas from the condensed condensate, and a condensate storage tank for storing condensate from the gas-liquid separator It may further comprise a decomposition gas phase powder recovery unit comprising a circulating pump for sending the condensed water to the cooling water.
또한 상기 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치는 진동유동장치 하부 스프링, 진동 공급장치, 진동유동장치 지지대를 포함하여 이루어지는 부속설비부를 더 포함하여 이루어질 수 있다. In addition, the low-grade coal high-quality device may further comprise an accessory facility consisting of a vibration fluidizer lower spring, a vibration supply device, a vibration fluid supporter.
이때, 상기 진동유동판은 공급된 마이크로파의 투과가 가능한 유전율(Permittivity)이 낮은 재질로 이루어진 것이 바람직하다. In this case, the vibration fluid plate is preferably made of a material having a low permittivity (Permittivity) that can transmit the supplied microwave.
상기한 본 발명에 따른 저급 석탄의 고품위화 방법 및 장치는 수분함량 30%이상인 저급 석탄을 마이크로파 건조와 중유회 분말을 이용하여 수분 10% 이하 발열량 6,500kcal/kg 이상의 발전용 석탄으로 고품위화할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 고품위화 석탄의 자연발화를 방지할 수 있는 유용한 효과를 갖는다.The above-described high-grade coal production method and apparatus for low-grade coal according to the present invention can high-grade low-grade coal with water content of 30% or more by using microwave drying and heavy ash powder with high-grade heat of 6,500 kcal / kg or more of heat generation capacity of 6,500 kcal / kg or more. In addition, it has a useful effect to prevent spontaneous ignition of high-grade coal.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치의 계통도이다.1 is a system diagram of a high quality coalescing apparatus of lower coal according to the present invention.
도 2는 도 1의 요부 확대도이다.2 is an enlarged view illustrating main parts of FIG. 1.
도 3은 도 1에 도시된 다공판의 확대도이다.3 is an enlarged view of the porous plate illustrated in FIG. 1.
도 4는 도 1의 A-A 단면도이다.4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG.
도 5는 도 1에 도시된 진동유동판의 확대단면도이다.5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vibrating fluid plate shown in FIG.
도 6은 자연발화성 시험 결과를 나타낸 그래프이다.6 is a graph showing the results of the pyrophoric test.
이하 본 발명을 보다 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
먼저 본 발명에 따른 저급 석탄의 고품위화 방법은, 입도가 10~30mm이고 수분함량이 30% 이상인 저급 석탄에 100~130℃의 가열공기를 주입하여 1차 건조하고, 여기에 입도 74㎛ 이하의 중유회 분말을 상기 저급 석탄 100중량부에 대하여 5~20중량부 투입하여 혼합한 후 마이크로파를 열원으로 하여 120~150℃에서 2차 건조하는 것으로 이루어진다. First of all, the high-grade method of lower coal according to the present invention is first dried by injecting 100 to 130 ° C. heating air into lower coal having a particle size of 10 to 30 mm and a water content of 30% or more, and having a particle size of 74 μm or less. 5 to 20 parts by weight of heavy oil ash powder is added to 100 parts by weight of the lower coal and mixed, followed by secondary drying at 120 to 150 ° C. using microwave as a heat source.
여기서, 저급 석탄은 그 종류를 제한할 필요는 없으며, 수분함량이 30% 이상인 것이라면 제한 없이 사용할 수 있다. 아울러 상기 저급 석탄의 입도는 반드시 제한할 필요는 없으나, 건조가 원할하게 이루어질 수 있도록 입도가 10~30mm인 저급 석탄을 사용한다. 필요에 따라서 건조 전에 분쇄하여 상기한 입도를 갖도록 할 수도 있다. Here, it is not necessary to limit the kind of low-grade coal, if the moisture content is more than 30% can be used without limitation. In addition, the particle size of the lower coal need not necessarily be limited, but lower coal having a particle size of 10 to 30 mm is used so that drying can be performed smoothly. If necessary, it may be ground before drying to have the above-described particle size.
저급 석탄은 표면에 부착하고 있는 자유수와 표면수를 제거하기 위하여 저급 석탄을 100~130℃로 가열하는 1차 건조를 실시하게 된다. 상기한 1차 건조는 당해 분야에서 일반적으로 실시하고 있는 것으로서, 본 발명에서는 가열된 공기를 주입하여 1차 건조를 실시하게 된다. Low-grade coal is subjected to the primary drying to heat the low-grade coal to 100 ~ 130 ℃ to remove free water and surface water adhering to the surface. The above-mentioned primary drying is generally performed in the art, and in the present invention, the primary drying is performed by injecting heated air.
통상적으로 저급 석탄의 고품위화 과정에서 종래에는 저급 석탄 내부의 간극수, 모관결합수, 내부보유수 등과 같은 난해성 수분을 제거하기 위하여 400℃이상에서 건조를 실시하였지만, 자연발화 등 소정의 문제점이 있다. 이를 해소하기 위하여 본 발명에서는 열원으로 마이크로파를 사용함과 아울러 결합수와는 반발극성이지만 탄소성분과 친화력이 높은 소수성의 중유회 분말 혼합하여 2차 건조를 실시하게 된다. 즉, 상기 1차 건조된 저급 석탄에 입도 74㎛ 이하의 중유회 분말을 저급 석탄 100중량부에 대하여 5~20중량부 투입하여 혼합한 후 마이크로파를 열원으로 하여 120~150℃에서 2차 건조하는 것이다. In general, in the high quality process of low-grade coal, in order to remove difficult-to-water moisture such as gap water, capillary coupling water, internal reserve water, etc. in the lower coal, it has been dried at 400 ° C. or higher, but there are certain problems such as spontaneous combustion. In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, microwaves are used as the heat source, and the second drying is performed by mixing a hydrophobic heavy oil powder having a high affinity with a carbon component and a high affinity with the binding water. That is, 5 to 20 parts by weight of heavy oil ash powder having a particle size of 74 μm or less is added to 100 parts by weight of the lower coal and mixed with the first dried lower coal, followed by secondary drying at 120 to 150 ° C. using microwave as a heat source. will be.
여기서, 중유회 분말의 입도는 반드시 제한할 필요는 없으나, 효과적인 건조를 위하여 입도 74㎛ 이하의 것을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 아울러 작업과정에서의 비산을 고려하였을 때 입도가 0.01㎛ 이상인 것을 사용하는 것이 좋다. Here, although the particle size of the heavy oil ash powder does not necessarily need to be limited, it is preferable to use a particle size of 74 μm or less for effective drying. In addition, considering the scattering in the work process, it is better to use a particle size of 0.01㎛ or more.
또한 상기 중유회 분말은 저급 석탄 100중량부에 대하여 5~20중량부 사용하게 되는데, 상기 기준으로 중유회 분말이 5중량부 미만일 경우 2차 건조를 위한 온도가 올라가고 건조시간이 오래 걸리는 단점이 있으며, 상기 중유회 분말이 20중량부를 초과할 경우 얻어지는 석탄의 열량이 감소될 수 있다는 단점이 있다. In addition, the heavy oil ash powder is used 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lower coal, if the heavy oil ash powder is less than 5 parts by weight based on the above, there is a disadvantage that the temperature for secondary drying is increased and the drying time is long. When the heavy oil ash powder exceeds 20 parts by weight, the calorie of coal obtained may be reduced.
상기한 바와 같이 본 발명은 수분 건조 시 열원 적용기술을 가열로 및 전기로와 같은 직간접 가열방식이 방식이 아닌 마이크로파 열원을 적용하고 중유 등 기름성분의 추가하는 방식이 아닌 석탄과 성분이 유사한 중유화력 발전소의 연소부산물인 중유회분 미세분말을 첨가하여 결합수와의 소수성 작용을 통해 건조속도를 증가시키고 흡착으로 자연발화를 방지하는 기술이다. As described above, the present invention is a heavy oil-fired power plant that is similar in composition to coal, not a method of applying a microwave heat source to a heat source application technology such as a heating furnace and an electric furnace, but adding an oil component such as heavy oil when moisture is dried. It is a technology to increase the drying speed through the hydrophobic action with bound water by adding heavy oil ash fine powder, a by-product of combustion, and to prevent spontaneous ignition by adsorption.
여기서 마이크로파는 스펙트럼 상 원적외선과 라디오파(고주파) 사이에 위치(300MHz~300GHz)하는 전자기파의 일종이다. 마이크로파의 가장 큰 특징은 그 가열방식이 전자기파의 주파수에 해당하는 속도만큼의 분자회전 혹은 재배치에 의한 마찰력을 이용하기 때문에 기존의 열전도식 가열 보다 신속한 승온이 가능하다는 것이다. 또한 마이크로파의 에너지는 화학결합을 손상시키지 않는 낮은 에너지를 가지므로 분자구조를 변형시키거나 파괴하지 않으며, 이러한 빠른 온도상승과 화학적 안정성 때문에 마이크로파 기술은 이미 여러 화학분야에서 응용되고 있다. 또한 마이크로파의 원리는 유전율(투과도) 값이 낮은 재료의 경우 마이크로파를 투과하는 특성을 가진 반면 투과율이 높은 극성용매인 물과 같은 내부수분(간극수, 결합수)의 경우 마이크로파를 흡수하여 자체 분자회전을 통해 열을 방출하면서 증발된다. Microwave is a kind of electromagnetic wave (300MHz ~ 300GHz) located between spectral far infrared and radio wave (high frequency). The biggest feature of microwave is that the heating method uses friction force by molecular rotation or rearrangement as much as speed corresponding to the frequency of electromagnetic wave, so that it can raise the temperature faster than conventional thermal conductive heating. In addition, microwave energy has low energy that does not damage chemical bonds, and thus does not alter or destroy molecular structure. Because of the rapid temperature rise and chemical stability, microwave technology has already been applied in various chemical fields. In addition, the principle of microwaves is that the material with low dielectric constant (permeability) transmits microwaves, while internal moisture (gap water, bound water) such as polar solvent with high transmittance absorbs microwaves and thus maintains its own molecular rotation. Evaporate while releasing heat through.
한편, 중유회 분말은 중유화력 발전소의 연소부산물로서 용이하게 얻을 수 있다. 예를 들어 국내 한국서부발전㈜ 평택화력 1호기에서는 연간 3,134톤이 발생되고 있으며, 국내 여수화력 등 다른 중유화력발전소의 경우도 다량 발생하고 있다. 따라서 중유회 분말의 이용시 저급 석탄의 고정탄소 성분을 보강하고 지정폐기물인 중유회를 재활용하는 효과를 가져 올 수 있다.On the other hand, heavy oil ash powder can be easily obtained as a combustion by-product of a heavy oil-fired power plant. For example, Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.'s Pyeongtaek Thermal Power Plant No. 1 generates 3,134 tons per year, and other heavy oil-fired power plants such as Yeosu Thermal Power in Korea are also generated in large quantities. Therefore, heavy oil ash powder may have the effect of reinforcing the fixed carbon component of lower coal and recycling heavy oil ash, which is designated waste.
본 발명에서는 소수성(Hydrophobic)을 갖는 중유회 분말의 탄소성분과 친수성(Hydrophilic)을 갖는 결합수분의 가용성(Wettability 차이를 이용한다. 즉, 친수성의 결합수분과 소수성인 저급 석탄의 탄소성분 사이의 척력, 반발력(Repulsion)을 높이기 위하여 일정량의 중유회 분말을 촉매제로 이용하게 되는데, 이들은 결합수분과의 소수성을 증가시키고 표면장력을 증가시켜 저급 석탄과의 분해를 촉진시킨다. 이때, 조사(Irradiation)되는 마이크로파가 간극수 및 모관결합수와 같은 결합수분의 분자회전력을 높여 발열하므로서 150℃ 이하의 온도에서도 결합수분 및 모관결합수를 건조시켜 증기로서 분출시키고 기공에 중유회 분말을 흡착시켜 자연발화를 방지하게 된다. 특히, 상기 와 같은 본 발명에 따른 방법은 종래 400℃이상에서 실시하는 건조를 120~150℃에서 약 25분 전후로 실시하면 수분함량이 10%이하이면서 열량이 6,500kcal/kg 이상인 고품위화된 석탄을 얻을 수 있다. The present invention takes advantage of the difference in wettability of the carbon component of the hydrophobic heavy ash powder with hydrophobic (Hydrophobic) and the combined water having hydrophilic (ie, wettability), that is, the repulsion between the hydrophilic bonded moisture and the carbon component of hydrophobic lower coal, In order to increase the repulsion, a certain amount of heavy oil ash powder is used as a catalyst, which increases hydrophobicity with the combined moisture and increases surface tension to promote decomposition with lower coal, which irradiates microwaves. By increasing the molecular rotational power of the bonded water such as the pore water and the capillary bond water, it generates heat, drying the bonded water and the capillary water at a temperature of 150 ° C. or lower, and ejecting it as a vapor and adsorbing heavy oil powder in the pores to prevent spontaneous ignition. In particular, the method according to the present invention as described above is about 2 to 120 to 150 ℃ drying carried out at conventional 400 ℃ or more After about 5 minutes, high-quality coal with moisture content of less than 10% and calorific value of 6,500 kcal / kg or more can be obtained.
본 발명에 따르면 상기한 저급 석탄의 고품위화 방법을 효과적으로 달성하기 위한 장치를 제공한다. 이를 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 보다 상세하게 설명하기로 하나, 첨부된 도면은 본 발명을 이해를 돕기 위하여 제시된 것으로서, 본 발명이 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for effectively achieving the above-described low-grade coal refinement method. Although this will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the accompanying drawings are presented to help understand the present invention, the present invention is not limited thereto.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치의 계통도이고, 도 2는 도 1의 요부 확대도이며, 도 3은 도 1에 도시된 다공판의 확대도이고, 도 4는 도 1의 A-A 단면도이며, 도 5는 도 1에 도시된 진동유동판의 확대단면도이다. FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a high-grade coal leveling device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the porous plate shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is AA of FIG. 1. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vibrating fluid plate shown in FIG. 1.
도 1 내지 도 5에 도시된 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 저급탄소의 고품위화 장치는 저급 석탄 공급부와, 중유회 분말 공급부, 가열공기 공급부, 저급 석탄 건조 및 안정화부 및 고품위 석탄 저장부를 포함하여 이루어진다. As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the high-grade carbonization unit of the lower carbon according to the present invention comprises a low coal supply unit, heavy oil ash powder supply unit, heating air supply unit, low coal drying and stabilization unit and high-grade coal storage unit.
상기 저급 석탄 공급부는 저급 석탄이 보관되는 저급 석탄 저장조(1)와, 상기 보관된 저급 석탄으로 하부로 이송시키기 위한 저급 석탄 로터리 공급기(2) 및 진동판(3)을 포함하여 이루어진다. The lower coal supply unit includes a lower coal storage tank 1 in which lower coal is stored, and a lower coal rotary feeder 2 and a diaphragm 3 for transferring the lower coal to the lower stored coal.
여기서, 저급 석탄은 앞서 설명한 바와 같이 그 종류를 제한할 필요는 없으며, 수분함량이 30% 이상인 것이라면 제한 없이 사용할 수 있다. 아울러 상기 저급 석탄의 입도는 반드시 제한할 필요는 없으나, 건조가 원할하게 이루어질 수 있도록 입도가 10~30mm인 저급 석탄을 사용한다. 필요에 따라서 건조 전에 분쇄하여 상기한 입도를 갖도록 할 수도 있다. 이러한 입도를 갖는 석탄은 로터리 공급기(2)와 진동판(3)에 의해 저급 석탄 투입구(17)로 이송된다. In this case, the lower coal need not be limited as described above, and may be used without limitation as long as the water content is 30% or more. In addition, the particle size of the lower coal need not necessarily be limited, but lower coal having a particle size of 10 to 30 mm is used so that drying can be performed smoothly. If necessary, it may be ground before drying to have the above-described particle size. Coal having such a particle size is transferred to the lower coal inlet 17 by the rotary feeder 2 and the diaphragm 3.
상기 중유회 분말 공급부는 중유회 분말이 저장되는 중유회 분말 저장조(4)와, 상기 중유회 분말을 입도 74㎛ 이하로 분쇄하는 중유회 분말 미분기(5), 상기 미분된 중유회 분말을 보관하는 중유회 분말 보관조(6), 상기 보관조 내에서 비산하는 분말을 포집하는 중유회 분말 백필터(7) 및 상기 중유회 분말을 하부로 이송시키기 위한 로터리 밸브(8)와 중유회 분말 공급스크류(9)를 포함하여 이루어진다. The heavy oil ash powder supply unit stores the heavy oil ash powder storage tank 4 in which the heavy oil ash powder is stored, the heavy oil ash powder powder mill 5 for grinding the heavy oil ash powder to a particle size of 74 μm or less, and the fine oil ash powder stored therein. Heavy oil ash powder storage tank (6), heavy oil ash powder bag filter (7) for collecting the powder scattering in the storage tank, and rotary valve (8) and heavy oil ash powder feed screw for transferring the heavy oil ash powder to the lower part (9) is made.
상기 중유회 분말은 중유화력 발전소의 연소부산물을 사용하며, 중유회 분말의 입도는 반드시 제한할 필요는 없으나, 효과적인 건조를 위하여 입도가 74㎛ 이하인 것을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. The heavy ash powder uses combustion by-products of heavy oil-fired power plants, and the particle size of the heavy oil ash powder is not necessarily limited, but it is preferable to use a particle size of 74 μm or less for effective drying.
상기 가열공기 공급부는 송풍기(10)와 건조 및 안정화된 고품위화 석탄의 열을 회수하기 위한 열교환기(13), 상기 열교환기(13)를 열과환된 공기를 건조용 공기로 가열하는 가열기(14)를 포함하여 이루어진다. The heated air supply unit is a heat exchanger 13 for recovering heat of the blower 10 and the dried and stabilized high quality coal, and a heater 14 for heating the heat exchanged air with the air for drying the heat exchanger 13. )
상기 가열공기 공급부에서 얻어지는 가열된 공기는 저급 석탄의 1차 건조하기 위한 용도 등으로 사용된다. 이때, 상기 가열공기 공급부는 도면에 도시된 바와 같이 압력계(11)와 공기량 조절을 위한 유량계(12), 순환용 공기로 사용될 대기공기의 바이패스(by-pass) 밸브(15), 가열 주입공기의 온도를 측정하는 온도측정기(16)를 더 포함하여 이루어질 수 있다. The heated air obtained from the heated air supply unit is used for primary drying of lower coal. At this time, the heating air supply unit is a pressure gauge 11 and a flow meter 12 for adjusting the air volume, a bypass valve 15 of the atmospheric air to be used as circulating air, heating injection air as shown in the drawing It may further comprise a temperature meter 16 for measuring the temperature of.
상기 저급 석탄 건조 및 안정화부는 상기 저급 석탄 공급부를 통해 이송되는 석탄이 투입되는 저급 석탄 투입구(17)와, 상기 중유회 분말 공급부를 통해 이송되는 중유회 분말이 투입되는 중유회 분말 투입구(18), 상기 가열공기 공급부를 통해 이송되는 가열공기를 일측에 형성된 노즐(212)을 통해 주입하기 위한 가열공기 주입구(19), 상기 주입된 가열공기가 상기 저급 석탄 투입구(17)를 통해 투입된 저급 석탄을 통과하여 저급 석탄을 1차로 건조시키기 위한 일측에 공기 주입구(20)가 구비된 다공판(211), 상기 1차 건조된 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말을 혼합하여 마이크로파를 열원으로 하여 120~150℃에서 2차 건조하는 저급 석탄 안정화장치(21), 상기 저급 석탄의 건조과정에서 분해된 증기를 흡입하는 증기 흡입부(22), 상기 건조 및 안정화된 석탄을 배출하기 위한 고품위 석탄 배출구(23), 매트릭스형태로 미 흡착된 중유회 미세 분말을 배출하기 위한 미세 분말 배출부(26)를 포함하여 이루어진다. The lower coal drying and stabilizing unit is a lower coal inlet 17 into which coal transported through the lower coal supply unit is input, and a heavy oil ash powder inlet 18 into which heavy oil ash powder transferred through the heavy oil ash powder supply unit is input. Heated air inlet 19 for injecting heated air transferred through the heated air supply unit through a nozzle 212 formed on one side, and the injected heated air passes through the lower coal introduced through the lower coal inlet 17. The porous plate 211 is provided with an air inlet 20 on one side for primarily drying the lower coal, and the first dried lower coal and heavy oil ash powder are mixed to produce microwaves at 120-150 ° C. Lower coal stabilizer 21 for secondary drying, a steam suction unit 22 for sucking steam decomposed in the drying process of the lower coal, for discharging the dried and stabilized coal A high quality coal outlet 23, comprising a fine powder discharge portion 26 for discharging the heavy oil fine powder unabsorbed in the form of a matrix.
여기서, 1차 건조는 저급 석탄에 100~130℃의 가열공기를 주입하여 이루어질 수 있다. 아울러 상기 2차 건조에서 입도 74㎛ 이하의 중유회 분말은 저급 석탄 100중량부에 대하여 5~20중량부 투입한다.Here, the primary drying may be made by injecting heated air of 100 ~ 130 ℃ to the lower coal. In addition, in the secondary drying, heavy oil ash powder having a particle size of 74 μm or less is added in an amount of 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of lower coal.
이때, 상기 다공판(211)은 도 3에서 보는 바와 같이 기공(211a) 크기는 저급 석탄 입자의 입도 10~30mm의 1/5~1/10로 유지하여 저급 석탄 입자가 상기 기공(211a)을 통과하지 못하도록 하는 것이 바람직하다. At this time, the porous plate 211, as shown in Figure 3, the pore 211a size is maintained at 1/5 ~ 1/10 of the particle size of 10 ~ 30mm of the lower coal particles lower coal particles are the pores 211a It is desirable not to pass.
상기한 저급 석탄 안정화 장치(21)는 상기 1차 건조된 저급 석탄과 상기 중유회 분말 투입구(18)에서 유입된 중유회 분말과의 균일한 혼합을 위한 물결모양(Wave-type)의 진동유동판(215)과, 상기 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말의 혼합물을 마이크로파 건조하기 위한 마이크로파 공급기(213a, 213b)와, 상기 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말의 혼합물 내부의 온도를 측정하기 위한 온도센서(214)를 포함하여 이루어질 수 있다. The lower coal stabilization device 21 is a wave-type vibration flow plate for uniform mixing of the primary dried lower coal and heavy oil ash powder introduced from the heavy oil ash powder inlet 18. 215, microwave feeders 213a and 213b for microwave drying the mixture of the lower coal and the heavy oil ash powder, and a temperature sensor 214 for measuring the temperature inside the mixture of the lower coal and the heavy oil ash powder. It can be made, including.
여기서 마이크로파 공급기(213a, 213b)는 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말의 혼합물의 온도가 120~150℃가 될 때까지 계속 마이크로파를 조사하며, 혼합물 내부의 온도가 150℃를 초과하면 자동으로 마이크로파 조사가 중지되도록 할 수 있다. 이를 위하여 마이크로파 공급기(213a, 213b)는 일부 또는 전부가 온/오프(on/off) 반복구조로 형성할 수도 있다. The microwave feeders 213a and 213b continue to irradiate microwaves until the temperature of the mixture of lower coal and heavy oil ash powder reaches 120-150 ° C, and the microwave irradiation stops automatically when the temperature inside the mixture exceeds 150 ° C. You can do that. To this end, the microwave supplies 213a and 213b may be partially or entirely formed on / off repeating structure.
아울러 마이크로파 공급기(213a, 213b)는 도 4에서 보는 바와 같이 마이크로파 유입에 의한 마그네트론 고장을 방지하고 균일한 조사(Irradiation)를 위해 서로 마주 보지 않고 교차하여 배치하는 것이 바람직하다. 그러나, 상기 마이크로파 공급기(213a, 213b)는 그 배치가 첨부된 도면에 한정되지 않으며, 필요에 따라 다양한 형상으로의 배치가 가능하다. 아울러 온도센서(214)는 마이크로파가 조사되지 않는 마이크로파 공급기(213a, 213b) 사이에 배치한다.In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the microwave feeders 213a and 213b may be disposed to cross each other without facing each other for preventing a magnetron failure due to the inflow of microwaves and for uniform irradiation. However, the microwave feeders 213a and 213b are not limited to the accompanying drawings, and may be arranged in various shapes as necessary. In addition, the temperature sensor 214 is disposed between the microwave supply (213a, 213b) that is not irradiated with microwaves.
본 발명에서와 같이 마이크로파를 열원으로 사용하는 경우 그 누설을 방지하기 위하여 투입구 및 배출구에는 마이크로파 투과저항이 높은 알루미늄 재질로 쵸크(218)를 구성하는 것이 바람직하다. 미설명부호 216 및 217은 각각 저급 석탄 안정화 장치의 상부판 및 하부판을 연결하기 위한 연결부와 고정부이다.When the microwave is used as a heat source as in the present invention, it is preferable that the choke 218 is formed of an aluminum material having high microwave permeation resistance at the inlet and the outlet to prevent leakage thereof. Reference numerals 216 and 217 are connecting portions and fixing portions for connecting the upper and lower plates of the lower coal stabilization device, respectively.
아울러 상기 물결모양(Wave-type)의 진동유동판(215)은 도 5에서 보는 바와 같이 그 방향벡터가 입구에서 출구쪽으로 조절되며, 중유회 분말과 원활한 혼합 및 흡착을 위해 물결모양으로 형태를 구성하였고, 마이크로파의 투과저항이 매우 낮아 마이크로파를 대부분 투과시키는 테프론 재질로 구성하는 것이 바람직하다. In addition, as shown in Figure 5, the wave-shaped vibration flow plate 215 is adjusted in direction from the inlet to the outlet, as shown in Figure 5, and forms a wave shape for smooth mixing and adsorption with heavy oil ash powder In addition, it is preferable that the transmission resistance of the microwave is very low and composed of a Teflon material that transmits microwaves most of the time.
상기 고품위 석탄 저장부는 상기 상기 저급 석탄 건조 및 안정화부의 고품위 석탄 배출구(23)를 통해 이송되는 고품위 석탄의 로터리 공급기(24)와, 상기 이송된 고품위화 석탄을 저장하기 위한 고품위 석탄 저장조(25)를 포함하여 구성된다. The high quality coal storage unit includes a rotary feeder 24 of high quality coal transferred through the high quality coal outlet 23 of the lower coal drying and stabilization unit, and a high quality coal storage tank 25 for storing the transferred high quality coal. It is configured to include.
상기한 장치를 통과하게 되면 수분함량이 30%이상이고 발열량이 4,500kcal/kg 이하인 저급 석탄은 수분 함량이 10%이하이고 발열량이 6,500kcal/kg 이상의 발전용 석탄으로 고품위화되게 된다. 아울러 고품위화 석탄의 자연발화를 방지할 수 있게 된다. When passing through the above apparatus, the low-grade coal having a moisture content of 30% or more and the calorific value of 4,500 kcal / kg or less is made into a high quality coal for generating power of 10% or less of the moisture content and 6,500 kcal / kg or more. In addition, it is possible to prevent spontaneous ignition of high-grade coal.
상기 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치는 상기 저급 석탄 안정화장치(21)의 상부에 부착된 증기 흡입부(22)에 의해 흡입된 건조 증기 중의 분말을 포집하기 위한 증기상 분체 회수기(28), 상기 회수된 분말을 재순환하는 중유회 분말 재순환 송풍기(27), 상기 분말 포집 후 건조 증기를 흡입하는 분체 흡입 펌프(29), 상기 흡입된 증기상 공기를 응축하는 응축기(30), 상기 응축된 응축수 중 기체를 분리하는 기액분리기(31), 기액분리기에서 내려오는 응축수를 보관하는 응축수 저장조(32), 상기 응축수를 냉각수로 보내기 위한 순환펌프(33)를 포함하여 이루어지는 분해가스상 분말회수부를 더 포함할 수 있다. 이러한 과정을 통해 회수된 중유회 분말은 재순환시켜 사용한다. The high-grade coal-degrading device of the lower coal is a vapor phase powder recoverer 28 for collecting powder in dry steam sucked by the steam inlet 22 attached to the upper portion of the lower coal stabilizer 21, the recovered Heavy oil powder recirculation blower 27 for recirculating powder, a powder suction pump 29 for sucking dry steam after collecting the powder, a condenser 30 for condensing the inhaled vapor phase air, and gas in the condensed condensate The gas-liquid separator 31 for separating, a condensate storage tank 32 for storing the condensate coming down from the gas-liquid separator, and further comprising a decomposition gas phase powder recovery unit comprising a circulation pump 33 for sending the condensate to the cooling water. The heavy oil ash recovered through this process is recycled to use.
아울러, 상기 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치는 진동유동장치 하부 스프링(34), 진동 공급장치(35), 진동유동장치 지지대(36)를 포함하여 이루어지는 부속설비부를 더 포함할 수 있다. In addition, the low-grade coal high-quality device may further include an accessory facility comprising a vibration fluidizer lower spring 34, a vibration supply device 35, a vibration fluid support unit 36.
상기한 본 발명에 따른 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치는 마이크로파의 누설을 차단하기 위해 외부가 산화알루미늄(Al2O3) 재질로 이루어지며, 공기 주입구(20)가 구비된 다공판(211)은 내식성 및 내마모성이 우수한 스테인레스 스틸(SUS310) 재질을 적용하고, 진동유동판(215)은 공급된 마이크로파의 투과를 목적으로 유전율(Permittivity)이 낮은 테프론 재질로 구성되며, 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말의 혼합물 내부의 온도를 측정하기 위한 온도센서(214)는 스테인레스 스틸 차폐 재질로 이루어 지는 것이 바람직하다. The low-grade coal high-quality device according to the present invention is made of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) material in order to block the leakage of microwaves, the porous plate 211 provided with the air inlet 20 is corrosion resistance and wear resistance Applying excellent stainless steel (SUS310) material, the vibrating fluid plate 215 is made of Teflon material with a low permittivity for the purpose of permeation of the supplied microwave, and the temperature inside the mixture of low coal and heavy ash powder Temperature sensor 214 for measuring is preferably made of a stainless steel shielding material.
이하 하기의 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 좀더 상세하게 설명하기로 한다. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.
장치의 구성Configuration of the device
마이크로파 공급기는 2.45GHz, 2kW, 220V, 단상이며 진동유동층 본체를 균일하게 진동시키기 위해 0.45kW 용량의 진동 공급장치(35)를 양측면에 2개 부착한다. 전체적인 저급 탄소의 고품위화 장치 형태는 제 2도와 같으며 장치용적은 다공판(211) 100cm, 물결모양 진동유동판(215)은 길이 200cm, 넓이 30cm이며, 높이는 30cm이다. 온도센서(214a, 214b)는 스테인레스 스틸 차폐 열전대를 사용하였으며, 이를 설치하기 위한 설치부 직경은 1cm로 구성하였고, 증기 흡입부(22)와 저급 석탄 투입구(17), 중유회 분말 투입구(18)의 면적은 2inch×2inch로 하였다. 다공판의 기공(211a)의 크기는 저급 석탄 입자의 입도 10~30mm의 1/5-1/10로서 지름 5mm의 원을 4cm 간격으로 단축 7개, 장축 22개씩 총 154개 구성하였고, 진동유동판(215)은 도 5와 같이 두께 바닥측(215a) 2cm, 최상 높이 측(215b) 5cm, 폭(215c) 20cm로 구성하였다.The microwave supply is 2.45 GHz, 2 kW, 220 V, single phase, and two vibration supply devices 35 of 0.45 kW capacity are attached to both sides to uniformly vibrate the vibrating fluidized bed body. The overall low carbon high-definition device shape is shown in FIG. 2, and the device volume is 100 cm for the porous plate 211, and the wave shaped vibration flow plate 215 is 200 cm long, 30 cm wide, and 30 cm high. The temperature sensors 214a and 214b used a stainless steel shielded thermocouple, and the diameter of the mounting portion for installing them was 1 cm, and the steam suction portion 22, the lower coal inlet 17, and the heavy ash powder inlet 18 were installed. The area of was set to 2 inches x 2 inches. The size of the pores 211a of the perforated plate is 1 / 5-1 / 10 of the particle size of low coal particles 10-30mm, consisting of 154 5 shafts and 4 long shafts each with a diameter of 5mm. The plate 215 was composed of a thickness bottom side 215a 2cm, a top height side 215b 5cm, and a width 215c 20cm as shown in FIG.
상기한 장치를 사용하기 위한 실험조건은 다음과 같다.Experimental conditions for using the above-described device is as follows.
석탄 : 인도네시아산 수입탄 1종 Coal: 1 type of imported coal from Indonesia
총수분 함량 : 36.4%Total moisture content: 36.4%
석탄크기 : 입도 20mmCoal size: 20mm particle size
진동유동 속도 : 12cm/minVibration Flow Speed: 12cm / min
1차 건조방식 : 다공판 가열공기 접촉1st drying method: Heated air contact with perforated plate
1차 건조온도 : 하기 표 1 참조Primary drying temperature: see Table 1 below
1차 건조공기 주입속도 : 2m/sPrimary dry air injection speed: 2m / s
1차 건조용 공기 주입량 : 0.36㎥/minPrimary dry air injection rate: 0.36㎥ / min
응축방지 및 상부순환용 공기 주입량 : 0.72㎥/minCondensation prevention and upper circulation air injection volume: 0.72㎥ / min
2차 건조방식 : 마이크로파 조사 및 결합수 분자회전Secondary drying method: microwave irradiation and binding water molecule rotation
2차 건조온도 : 하기 표 1 참조Secondary drying temperature: see Table 1 below
2차 건조시간 : 하기 표 1 참조Second drying time: see Table 1 below
저급 석탄 처리량 : 20kg/hrLow coal throughput: 20 kg / hr
중유회 분말 공급량 : 5kg/hrHeavy oil powder supply: 5kg / hr
<실시예 1, 비교예 1 내지 3><Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 to 3>
하기 표 1에 나타낸 바와 같은 조건을 사용하여 저급 석탄의 고품위화를 실시하였다. 그 결과는 표 2에 나타내었다. High quality of the lower coal was carried out using the conditions as shown in Table 1 below. The results are shown in Table 2.
즉, 실시예 1은 1차 건조 후 중유회 분말과 마이크로파 건조를 병행하는 2차 건조를 실시하였다. 비교예 1은 중유회 분말을 첨가하지 않은 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일하게 실시하였으며, 비교예 2는 1차건조를 하지 않고 중유회분말 첨가없이 마이크로파 건조만을 실시하였으며, 비교예 3은 2차건조 자체를 실시하지 않았다. That is, in Example 1, after the first drying, the secondary oil drying of the heavy oil ash powder and the microwave drying were performed in parallel. Comparative Example 1 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that heavy oil ash powder was not added, Comparative Example 2 was only microwave drying without the addition of heavy oil ash powder without the first drying, Comparative Example 3 2 We did not carry out car drying itself.
표 1 실험조건표
1차 건조 2차 건조
마이크로파 조사 중유회 분말
실시예 1 120℃에서 8분 120℃에서 17분 첨가
비교예 1 120℃에서 8분 150℃에서 17분 무첨가
비교예 2 실시하지 않음 150℃에서 17분 무첨가
비교예 3 120℃에서 25분 조사하지 않음 무첨가
Table 1 Experimental conditions table
Primary drying Secondary drying
Microwave probe Heavy ash powder
Example 1 8 minutes at 120 ℃ 17 minutes at 120 ° C adding
Comparative Example 1 8 minutes at 120 ℃ 17 minutes at 150 ° C No addition
Comparative Example 2 Do not conduct 17 minutes at 150 ° C No addition
Comparative Example 3 25 minutes at 120 ° C Not investigated No addition
표 2 저급 석탄 중유회 분말 및 고품위화 석탄의 성상
　 공급 고품위화 석탄
저급 석탄 중유회 분말 실시예 1 비교예 1 비교예 2 비교예 3
총수분(중량%) 36.4 5.65 5.0 11.8 13.5 25.3
애쉬(Ash:중량%) 3.0 7.08 3.21 3.09 3.08 2.89
휘발물(중량%) 50.1 11.56 47.59 45.06 45.04 38.78
고정탄소(중량%) 42.9 70.80 44.2 40.05 38.38 33.03
연료비 0.86 4.28 0.93 0.89 0.85 0.85
발열량(Kcal/kg) 6291 7553 7210 6950 6800 5300
C(중량%) 69.76 95.24 71.03 71.02 70.58 70.5
H(중량%) 4.82 0.3 4.59 4.67 4.97 5.12
N(중량%) 1.15 1.56 1.16 1.14 1.13 1.14
S(중량%) 0.12 1.14 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.15
O(중량%) 24.13 N.D. 23.06 23.03 23.19 23.09
입자 크기 입도 20mm 입도 74㎛ ㅡ ㅡ ㅡ ㅡ
TABLE 2 Characteristics of Low Coal Heavy Ash Powder and High Quality Coal
supply High quality coal
Low-grade coal Heavy ash powder Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3
Total moisture (% by weight) 36.4 5.65 5.0 11.8 13.5 25.3
Ash (weight%) 3.0 7.08 3.21 3.09 3.08 2.89
Volatile matter (% by weight) 50.1 11.56 47.59 45.06 45.04 38.78
Fixed Carbon (wt%) 42.9 70.80 44.2 40.05 38.38 33.03
Fuel cost 0.86 4.28 0.93 0.89 0.85 0.85
Calorific Value (Kcal / kg) 6291 7553 7210 6950 6800 5300
C (% by weight) 69.76 95.24 71.03 71.02 70.58 70.5
H (% by weight) 4.82 0.3 4.59 4.67 4.97 5.12
N (% by weight) 1.15 1.56 1.16 1.14 1.13 1.14
S (% by weight) 0.12 1.14 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.15
O (% by weight) 24.13 ND 23.06 23.03 23.19 23.09
Particle size Particle size 20mm Particle size 74㎛ ㅡ ㅡ ㅡ ㅡ
여기서 연료비(Fuel ratio)는 고정탄소분/휘발분(FC/VM)이다. The fuel ratio is a fixed carbon content / volatile content (FC / VM).
상기 표 1 및 표 2에서 보는 바와 같이 저급 석탄의 경우 수분함량이 약 36.4(약 36%) 정도이며, 열량은 건조 기준 6,291Kcal/kg 으로 무연탄 보다는 높지만 석탄화력 발전소용 석탄 6,500kcal/kg 보다는 낮은 편이다. 연료비는 0.86으로서 아역청탄(Sub-bituminous) 계열과 유사한 것으로 나타나 수분을 10% 이하로 건조시 화력발전소 연료로서의 규격에 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 첨가제로서 사용하는 중유화력 회분 분말은 수분이 5.65%이며, 발열량은 7,553Kcal/kg로 고정탄소 함량이 70.80%로서 매우 높은 편이다. As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, low-grade coal has a water content of about 36.4 (about 36%), and a heat content of 6,291 Kcal / kg based on drying is higher than anthracite but lower than 6,500 kcal / kg of coal for coal-fired power plants. On the side. The fuel cost was 0.86, which is similar to the sub-bituminous series, and it was confirmed that the fuel was suitable for the specification as a thermal power plant fuel when the moisture was dried to 10% or less. In addition, the heavy oil-powdered ash powder used as an additive has a moisture content of 5.65%, a calorific value of 7,553 Kcal / kg, and a high fixed carbon content of 70.80%.
본 발명에 따라 중유회 분말과 마이크로파를 조사한 실시예 1의 경우 생산된 고품위화 석탄은 수분함량이 5.0%로서 매우 낮은 수치를 보였으며, 열량도 7,210kcal/kg 으로 매우 높게 나타났다. 특히, 연료비의 경우 0.93으로 크게 향상되는 특성을 가지고 있다. 표 2의 물성으로 보아 석탄화력 발전소 연소용 원료로서 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다른 방식에 해당되는 비교예 1 내지 3의 경우 수분 10% 이하로 건조하기가 매우 어려운 것으로 나타났다.In the case of Example 1 irradiated with heavy oil ash powder and microwave according to the present invention, the high-grade coal produced had a very low water content of 5.0% and a very high heat content of 7,210 kcal / kg. In particular, the fuel cost has a characteristic of greatly improved to 0.93. From the physical properties of Table 2, it was found to be suitable as a raw material for burning coal-fired power plants. However, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 corresponding to other methods were found to be very difficult to dry to less than 10% moisture.
<실험예 1>Experimental Example 1
상기 실시예 1 내지 4에서 제조한 고품위화 석탄을 이용하여 자연발화성을 벤치(Bench) 규모의 시험장치를 이용하여 조사하고 그 결과를 도 6에 나타내었다. The spontaneous ignition was investigated using a bench scale test apparatus using the high quality coal produced in Examples 1 to 4, and the results are shown in FIG. 6.
여기서 자연발화성은 벤치(Bench) 시험 장치에 일정 부피(직경 106mm, 높이 350mm)의 시료를 집어넣어 질소 분위기 중에서 50℃로 승온 시킨 후에 건조공기로 분위기를 전환하여 산화 반응에 의한 발열로 인하여 시료 층의 온도가 80℃ 및 150℃에 도달하기까지의 시간을 비교하여 평가하였다. Here, spontaneous ignition is carried out by placing a sample of a certain volume (106 mm in diameter and 350 mm in height) in a bench test device, heating it to 50 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then switching the atmosphere to dry air. It evaluated by comparing the time until the temperature of reaches 80 degreeC and 150 degreeC.
도 6에 나타낸 대조구는 석탄화력 발전소에서 사용하고 있는 역청탄의 실험결과를 함께 나타낸 것이다. The control shown in Figure 6 shows the experimental results of the bituminous coal used in the coal-fired power plant.
도 6에서 보는 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 실시예 1의 고품위화된 석탄은 건조과정에서 첨가 혼합한 중유회 미세분말이 고품위 과정상 생성되는 기공 및 표면상의 활성부위를 덮어서 공기 중 산소와의 반응을 방해함으로써 역청탄 및 다른 비교예의 석탄들에 비하여 80℃ 및 150℃에 도달하는 시간이 매우 길게 측정되었으며 결과적으로 자연발화성이 상대적으로 매우 낮은 것을 알 수 있다.As shown in FIG. 6, the high-grade coal of Example 1 according to the present invention covers the pores and active sites on the surface of the heavy oil fine powder added and mixed during the drying process to react with oxygen in the air. By interfering, the time to reach 80 ° C. and 150 ° C. was measured for a very long time compared to bituminous coal and other coals of the comparative examples, and as a result, it was found that spontaneous combustion was relatively low.

Claims (6)

  1. 입도가 10~30mm이고 수분함량이 30% 이상인 저급 석탄에 100~130℃의 가열공기를 주입하여 1차 건조하고, 여기에 입도 74㎛ 이하의 중유회 분말을 상기 저급 석탄 100중량부에 대하여 5~20중량부 투입하여 혼합한 후 마이크로파를 열원으로 하여 120~150℃에서 2차 건조하는 것을 특징으로 하는 저급 석탄의 고품위화 방법. Firstly dry by injecting heated air at 100 to 130 ° C into lower coal having a particle size of 10 to 30 mm and a water content of 30% or more, and adding heavy oil ash powder having a particle size of 74 μm or less to 100 parts by weight of the lower coal. After mixing by adding 20 parts by weight of a high-grade coal, characterized in that the secondary drying at 120 ~ 150 ℃ microwave as a heat source.
  2. 저급 석탄이 보관되는 저급 석탄 저장조와, 상기 보관된 저급 석탄으로 하부로 이송시키기 위한 저급 석탄 로터리 공급기 및 진동판을 포함하여 이루어지는 저급 석탄 공급부와; A lower coal supply unit including a lower coal storage tank in which lower coal is stored, and a lower coal rotary feeder and a diaphragm for transporting the lower coal to the lower portion;
    중유회 분말이 저장되는 중유회 분말 저장조와, 상기 중유회 분말을 입도 74㎛ 이하로 분쇄하는 중유회 분말 미분기, 상기 미분된 중유회 분말을 보관하는 중유회 분말 보관조, 상기 보관조 내에서 비산하는 분말을 포집하는 중유회 분말 백필터 및 상기 중유회 분말을 하부로 이송시키기 위한 로터리 밸브와 중유회 분말 공급스크류를 포함하여 이루어지는 중유회 분말 공급부와;Heavy oil ash powder storage tank in which heavy oil ash powder is stored, heavy oil ash powder mill for pulverizing the heavy oil ash powder to a particle size of 74 μm or less, heavy oil ash powder storage tank for storing the finely divided heavy oil ash powder, and scattering in the storage tank A heavy oil ash powder supply unit including a heavy oil ash powder bag filter for collecting the powder, and a rotary valve for transporting the heavy oil ash powder to a lower portion, and a heavy oil ash powder supply screw;
    송풍기와 건조 및 안정화된 고품위화 석탄의 열을 회수하기 위한 열교환기, 상기 열교환기를 열과환된 공기를 건조용 공기로 가열하는 가열기를 포함하여 이루어지는 가열공기 공급부와;A heat-air supply unit comprising a blower, a heat exchanger for recovering heat of dried and stabilized high-quality coal, and a heater for heating the heat-exchanged air with drying air;
    상기 저급 석탄 공급부를 통해 이송되는 석탄이 투입되는 저급 석탄 투입구와, 상기 중유회 분말 공급부를 통해 이송되는 중유회 분말이 투입되는 중유회 분말 투입구, 상기 가열공기 공급부를 통해 이송되는 가열공기를 일측에 형성된 노즐을 통해 주입하기 위한 가열공기 주입구, 상기 주입된 가열공기가 상기 저급 석탄 투입구를 통해 투입된 저급 석탄을 통과하여 저급 석탄을 1차로 건조시키기 위한 일측에 공기 주입구가 구비된 다공판, 상기 1차 건조된 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말을 혼합하여 마이크로파를 열원으로 하여 120~150℃에서 2차 건조하는 저급 석탄 안정화장치, 상기 저급 석탄의 건조과정에서 분해된 증기를 흡입하는 증기 흡입부, 상기 건조 및 안정화된 석탄을 배출하기 위한 고품위 석탄 배출구, 매트릭스형태로 미 흡착된 중유회 미세 분말을 배출하기 위한 미세 분말 배출부를 포함하여 이루어지는 저급 석탄 건조 및 안정화부와;Lower coal inlet through which the coal transported through the lower coal supply unit is input, heavy oil ash powder inlet through which heavy oil ash powder transferred through the heavy oil ash powder supply unit is input, and heated air transferred through the heating air supply unit to one side Heated air inlet for injecting through the formed nozzle, the porous plate is provided with an air inlet on one side for primarily drying the lower coal through the lower coal injected through the lower coal inlet, the primary Low coal stabilizer for drying secondary coal at 120-150 ° C. using microwave as a heat source by mixing dried lower coal and heavy oil ash powder, a steam suction unit for sucking steam decomposed during drying of the lower coal, the drying and High quality coal outlet for discharge of stabilized coal, heavy oil ash finely adsorbed in matrix form A fine powder discharge portion comprises a lower coal drying for discharging end and the stabilizing unit;
    상기 고품위 석탄 배출구를 통해 이송되는 고품위 석탄의 로터리 공급기와, 상기 이송된 고품위화 석탄을 저장하기 위한 고품위 석탄 저장조를 포함하여 구성되는 고품위 석탄 저장부를 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치. And a high quality coal storage unit including a rotary feeder of high quality coal transported through the high quality coal outlet and a high quality coal storage tank for storing the transferred high quality coal.
  3. 청구항 2에 있어서, The method according to claim 2,
    상기 저급 석탄 안정화장치는: 상기 1차 건조된 저급 석탄과 상기 중유회 분말 투입구에서 유입된 중유회 분말과의 균일한 혼합을 위한 물결모양(Wave-type)의 진동유동판과, 상기 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말의 혼합물을 마이크로파 건조하기 위한 마이크로파 공급기와, 상기 저급 석탄과 중유회 분말의 혼합물 내부의 온도를 측정하기 위한 온도센서를 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치. The lower coal stabilization device comprises: a wave-type vibration flow plate for uniform mixing of the first dried lower coal and the heavy ash powder introduced from the heavy oil ash powder inlet, and the lower coal And a microwave feeder for microwave drying the mixture of heavy oil ash powder and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature inside the mixture of the lower coal and heavy ash powder.
  4. 청구항 2에 있어서, The method according to claim 2,
    상기 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치가: 상기 저급 석탄 안정화장치의 상부에 부착된 증기 흡입부에 의해 흡입된 건조 증기 중의 분말을 포집하기 위한 증기상 분체 회수기, 상기 회수된 분말을 재순환하는 중유회 분말 재순환 송풍기, 상기 분말 포집 후 건조 증기를 흡입하는 분체 흡입 펌프, 상기 흡입된 증기상 공기를 응축하는 응축기, 상기 응축된 응축수 중 기체를 분리하는 기액분리기, 기액분리기에서 내려오는 응축수를 보관하는 응축수 저장조, 상기 응축수를 냉각수로 보내기 위한 순환펌프를 포함하여 이루어지는 분해가스상 분말회수부를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치. The low coal high quality device is: a vapor phase powder recovery device for collecting powder in dry steam sucked by a steam suction unit attached to an upper portion of the low coal stabilization device, and a heavy oil ash powder recycler for recycling the recovered powder A blower, a powder suction pump for sucking dry steam after collecting the powder, a condenser for condensing the sucked vapor phase air, a gas-liquid separator separating gas from the condensed condensate, a condensate storage tank for storing the condensed water from the gas-liquid separator, And a cracked gaseous powder recovery unit comprising a circulating pump for sending the condensed water to the cooling water.
  5. 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 2,
    상기 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치가:The low grade coal high quality device:
    진동유동장치 하부 스프링, 진동 공급장치, 진동유동장치 지지대를 포함하여 이루어지는 부속설비부를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치.High-grade coal low-grade coal, characterized in that it further comprises an accessory unit consisting of a vibration fluidizer lower spring, a vibration supply device, a vibration fluid support.
  6. 청구항 3에 있어서,The method according to claim 3,
    상기 진동유동판은 공급된 마이크로파의 투과가 가능한 낮을 유전율(Permittivity)이 낮은 재질로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 저급 석탄의 고품위화 장치.The vibration fluidizing plate is a low-grade coal high quality device, characterized in that made of a material having a low permittivity (permittivity) is possible to transmit the microwave.
PCT/KR2010/004177 2009-06-29 2010-06-28 Method and apparatus for upgrading low-rank coal WO2011002187A2 (en)

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